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Activity 14 Specific Gravity and Buoyancy of Liquids

This document describes an experiment to determine the specific gravity and buoyancy of liquids. Students measure the specific gravity of ethyl alcohol using three methods: the pycnometer method, loss of weight method, and hydrometer method. The pycnometer method involves weighing a bottle empty and filled with water or ethanol. The loss of weight method uses Archimedes' principle - that the buoyant force equals the weight of fluid displaced. A metal ball is weighed in air and submerged. The hydrometer method uses a calibrated glass float to directly read the specific gravity.

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Shawn Lee
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96 views5 pages

Activity 14 Specific Gravity and Buoyancy of Liquids

This document describes an experiment to determine the specific gravity and buoyancy of liquids. Students measure the specific gravity of ethyl alcohol using three methods: the pycnometer method, loss of weight method, and hydrometer method. The pycnometer method involves weighing a bottle empty and filled with water or ethanol. The loss of weight method uses Archimedes' principle - that the buoyant force equals the weight of fluid displaced. A metal ball is weighed in air and submerged. The hydrometer method uses a calibrated glass float to directly read the specific gravity.

Uploaded by

Shawn Lee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACTIVITY 14

Specific Gravity and Buoyancy of Liquids


In order to compare densities, certain substances are used as standards-
water for liquids and solids, and hydrogen for gases. To compare the density of
a certain liquid with that of water, divide the density of the liquid by the density of
water. The ratio obtained is commonly known as specific gravity. There are
several methods of finding the specific gravity of liquids, all of which are direct or
indirect application of Archimedes principle.!evilla, "##$%
Obectives
At the end of the laboratory activity, students are e&pected to'
(. find the specific gravity of certain liquids.
". compute for the upward force that supports a body when submerged in liquid.
). show enthusiasm and creativity in doing the assigned task.
!ateria"s
*ycnometer +mall metal ball with hook clean dry cloth
*latform balance hydrometer for light liquids ,##m- beaker
.thyl alcohol (###m--graduated cylinder spring balance
#rocedure
A. *ycnometer /ethod
(.( 0eigh the empty, glass-stoppered bottle pycnometer%
(." 1ill the bottle with water, stopper and weigh again.
$i%ure 1&'1 #ycno(eter and #"atfor( Ba"ance )it* pycno(eter
+,arvasa-.//40
(.) 2etermine the weight of water by finding the difference between the two
weights in steps ( and ".
(.3 !emove the water and dry the bottle and stopper w4 a clean, dry cloth.
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weight of liquid
Sp. gr. =
weight of water
loss of weight in liquids
Sp. gr. =
loss of weight in water
(.,1ill the bottle with ethyl alcohol. +topper and weight again.
(.5 2etermine the weight of the liquid by subtracting the result obtained in
step ( from that of step ,.

(.$1ind the specific gravity of the liquid.
6. -oss of 0eight /ethod
Archimedes found out that the apparent loss of weight of an ob7ect in a
liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced. 8e concluded that the
upward force or buoyant force 61% e&erted by a liquid on any ob7ect is
e&actly equal to the weight of the liquid displaced.
61 9 loss of weight in liquid
61 9 weight of the liquid displaced
-oss of weight in liquid 9 weight in air : weight in liquid
-oss of weight in water 9 weight in air : weight in water
a. 2etermine the weight of a metal ball in air.
$i%ure 1&'. 1ei%*in% t*e (eta" in air
b. 1ind the weight of the metal ball when it is submerged in water.
$i%ure 1&'& !eta" Ba"" sub(er%ed in )ater
c. 2ry the metal ball.
d. 1ind the weight of the metal ball in ethyl alcohol.
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e. 1ind the loss of weight of the metal ball in a% water and b% in ethyl
alcohol.
f. ;ompute for the specific gravity and buoyant force of the liquid.
;. 8ydrometer /ethod
The hydrometer consists of a hollow glass tube with a narrow calibrated
stem, sealed and weight at the lower end, so that it can float in a vertical position
when placed in a liquid. The reading obtained is equivalent to the specific
gravity of the liquid.
a. 1ill up the (###m--graduated cylinder with ethyl alcohol until it is <
full
about $,# ml%.
b. +ubmerge the hydrometer and allow to float on the liquid.
$i%ure 1&'4 2ydro(eter sub(er%ed in )ater+,arvasa-.//40
c. !ecord the reading. The line on the scale of the hydrometer
that coincides with the surface of the liquid corresponds to the
specific gravity of the liquid.
ACTIVITY 14
Specific Gravity and Buoyancy of Liquids
=ame' >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> !ating' >>>>>>>>>>>>
?roup =umber' >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2ate' >>>>>>>>>>>>
84
3ata and 4esu"ts
+pecific gravity of ethyl alcohol T@% 9 #.$A
1' #ycno(eter !et*od
0eight of empty pycnometer =%
0eight of pycnometer with water =%
0eight of pycnometer with ethyl alcohol =%
0eight of water =%
0eight of ethyl alcohol =%
+pecific gravity of ethyl alcohol
*ercentage .rror
.' Loss of 1ei%*t !et*od
0eight of metal ball in air =%
0eight of metal ball when submerged in water =%
0eight of metal ball when submerged in ethyl alcohol =%
-oss of weight in water =%
-oss of weight in ethyl alcohol =%
+pecific gravity of ethyl alcohol
*ercentage .rror
6uoyant 1orce
&' 2ydro(eter !et*od
+pecific gravity 8ydrometer reading% 9 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
*ercentage .rror 9 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
App"ications
(. 0hy is an obese person whom you could hardly lift on land can easily be
lifted underwaterB
85
". A piece of copper whose density is C.A g4cc weighs (C# g in air and (5" g
when submerged in a certain liquid. 0hat is the density of the liquidB
). An empty bottle weighs #.(# kg. 0hen filled with water, the bottle weight
#.)) kg and when filled with a certain acid it weighs #.,( kg. 0hat is the
specific gravity of the acidB
Conc"usion5s
86

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