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This document discusses electrically conductive concrete as a method for de-icing roads and bridge decks. It defines electrically conductive concrete using chopped carbon fiber and investigates its resistive and heating properties. Tests were conducted to determine the relationship between resistance and carbon fiber content as well as the relationship between temperature and resistance during heating and cooling cycles. The results showed resistance decreased with more carbon fiber but was too high for sufficient heating. Future work is needed to solve the resistance problem and test different aggregates and admixtures.

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Electrically

Conductive Concrete
Michelle Ho
University of Houston
Cullen College of Engineering
[email protected]
Electrically Conductive Concrete
Definition
Chopped Carbon Fiber
(CCF)
Resistive heating Resistive heating
Problem
Ice and snow build-up
driving hazards
traffic and time traffic and time
delays
History and Past Projects
Sodium chloride
Pros
Inexpensive
Simple application
Cons Cons
Ruins groundwater and
vegetation
Corrosion of reinforcing bars
Concrete surface damage
History and Past Projects (contd)
Heating cables
Pros
Effective deicing
Cons
Traffic disturbances
High energy costs High energy costs
Heating Pipes
Pros
Effective deicing
Cons
Leaks lead to almost
impossible maintenance
Complex and costly
Purpose
Solving the de-icing problem
Achieving and maintaining cost efficiency Achieving and maintaining cost efficiency
Reduce damage and maintenance to concrete
and environment
Scope
Investigation into conductive concretes:
Resistive properties
Heating properties Heating properties
Design of System
Design of System (contd)
Two types of electrodes
Zinc Perforated Metal Sheets (a)
Aluminum Mesh (b)
(a) (b)
Procedures
Resistivity Testing
Two point probe method
Input: voltage
Output: current readings
V = I * R
Slope: resistance
Heating Testing
Heating and Cooling
Temperature and current
readings
Sample connected to a power
supply
Resistivity Results
Average Resistance (Ohms) vs. % CCF by Mass of Cement
250
300
350
400
450
500
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

(

)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80
% CCF by Mass of Cement
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

(
Zinc Mesh
Resistance (Ohms) vs. % CCF by Mass of Cement
300
350
400
450
500
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

(

)
Resistivity Results (contd)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80
% CCF by Mass Cement
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

(
Zinc Mesh
Problem
Due to the unexpected high amount of
resistance encountered when the sample
was frozen, which did not occur when the was frozen, which did not occur when the
sample was at room temperature, a heating
and cooling test were done to investigate
the relationship between temperature and
resistance.
Cooling Results
2000
2500
3000
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

(

)
Cooling 1% CCF
Cooling 1.67% CCF
0
500
1000
1500
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Temperature (C)
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

(
Heating Results
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

(

)
1% CCF Heating
1.67% CCF Heating
0
200
400
600
800
1000
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Temperature (C)
R
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

(
Example of mortar blocks in a freezer
Discussion
Resistive Testing
Correlation
Inversely proportional relationship between Inversely proportional relationship between
resistance and percentage of CCF
Increase in CCF triggers a decrease in resistance and
increase in current
Discussion (contd)
Heating Testing
Problem
Resistance too high (quadrupled) Resistance too high (quadrupled)
Only .05 A and 1 W power output with 20 V input
Correlation: Inversely proportional relationship
between temperature and resistance
Future Work
Design better concrete system
to solve resistance problem in
the heating test
Various course aggregates Various course aggregates
and admixtures
Sonication and compaction
eliminate entrapped air
bubbles in non-solidified
concrete mixtures
Fly Ash
Acknowledgements
Dr. Mo REU advisor
Dr. Gangbing Song Faculty Mentor
Christiana Chang Masters Mentor
The research study described herein was The research study described herein was
sponsored by the National Science Foundation
under the Award No. EEC-0649163. The opinions
expressed in this study are those of the authors
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
sponsor.
References
http://www.newsgd.com/news/picstories/content/images/attachement/j
pg/site26/20080204/0010dc53fa040910b7cd05.jpg
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/PAVEMENT/recycling/fach01.cfm
http://www.tohotenax.com/tenax/en/products/images/photo_chopped.j
pg
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fiber-363314.jpg fiber-363314.jpg
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pg
Christiana Chang (2009). Development of Self-Heating Concrete
Utilizing Carbon Nanofiber Heating Elements.
References (Contd)
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