AD-HOC NETWORKS

David Durich and Daniel Montesinos

Telecommunication systems & networks
Index
Introduction
What is Ad-hoc?
History and Evolution
Basic features and principles
Security
Types
Wireless MESH networks
MANET
Applications
Advantages/Disadvantages
How to create an Ad hoc Network
Windows
Linux
Conclusion
Bibliography
Questions
Introduction What is Ad-hoc?
A decentralized type of wireless network.

It does not depend on a preexisting infrastructure.
Each node participates in routing by forwarding data
for other nodes
The determination of which nodes forward data is
made dynamically based on the network connectivity.
Ad hoc networks can use flooding for forwarding the
data. (distributing algorithm)
Introduction What is Ad-hoc?
Network configured with router and Acces point
Introduction What is Ad-hoc?
Ad-hoc network
Introduction - History and Evolution
70s:
U.S. started a research project to interconnect the
tactical units deployed in areas of military conflict
without requiring the presence of a fixed network.
The project, called PRNET (Packet Radio NETwork), used
a combination of ALOHA and CSMA protocols,
combined with a Distance Vector Algorithm.
80s:
Evolved into SURAN (Survivable Adaptive Radio
Network), uses hierarchical routing protocol Link State
Algorithm.
Introduction - History and Evolution
90s:
IETF created MANET working group, looking for
standardizing the relevant aspects of ad hoc networks
to use in commercial applications.
00s:
Was created the Ad Hoc Network Consortium in Japan,
aiming to unite the interests and efforts of industry.
10s:
Nowadays, it is using in many projects, especially where
we can not have a fixed infrastructure.

Basic features and principle
Dynamic topology
Variability of the radio channel
Do not require network infrastructure
Using multi-hop communications
Limited bandwidth
Security
Security is cause for concerning in and ad-hoc
network.
How can an user be sure that nobody is snooping on the
traffic forwarded by a node?
Is the receiver user the person who claims to be?
The requirements for authentication, confidentiality
or integrity are the same as for many other public
communications networks
Cryptography: We cant trust with communication
means
Types
For its implementation can be classified as:
Wireless MESH networks
Mobile network: MANET
Hybrid MESH networks
Types Wireless MESH networks
It is a communications network made up with static mesh
routers, which have ad-hoc characteristics.
Mesh clients:
Laptops, cell phones
Routers
Other wireless devices
It can be implemented with various wireless
technologies including 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, cellular
technologies or combination of more than one type
More than 70 routing algorithms

Types Wireless MESH networks
It is a communications network made up with static mesh
routers, which have ad-hoc characteristics.
Mesh clients:
Laptops, cell phones
Routers
Other wireless devices
It can be implemented with various wireless
technologies including 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, cellular
technologies or combination of more than one type
More than 70 routing algorithms

Types - MANET
Its a self-configuring infra structurless network of
mobile devices connected by wireless links
Each device is free to move independently in any
direction, so it will change its links connection to
other devices frequently
Each node must forward traffic unrelated to its own
use, such as router
Types
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
Intelligent Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (InVANETs)
Internet Based Mobile Ad hoc Networks (iMANET)
Types - MANET
Its a self-configuring infra structurless network of
mobile devices connected by wireless links
Each device is free to move independently in any
direction, so it will change its links connection to
other devices frequently
Each node must forward traffic unrelated to its own
use, such as router
Types
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
Intelligent Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (InVANETs)
Internet Based Mobile Ad hoc Networks (iMANET)
Applications
Military: decentralized network configuration is an
operational advantage, or even a necessity.
Rescue operations in remote areas
When local coverage must be installed quickly in a
construction site.
Public wireless access in urban areas.
Environmental monitoring: used to predict water
pollution or to provide early a natural catastrophe
warning.
Applications
Domestic
Share information among participants of a conference
Home networking applications, where devices can
communicate directly to exchange information (video,
audio, alarms, etc)
Autonomous network of interconnected domestic robots
that clean, do security surveillance, and other similar
tasks.

Advantages/Disadvantages
Advantages
Independence from central network administration
Self-configuring, nodes are also routers
Self-healing through continuous re-configuration
Scalable: accommodates the addition of more nodes
Flexible: similar to being able to access the Internet from many
different locations
Disadvantages
Each node must have full performance
Throughput is affected by system loading
Reliability requires a sufficient number of available nodes.
Sparse networks can have problems
Large networks can have excessive latency (high delay), which
affects some applications
How to create an Ad hoc Network -
Windows
1. Click on Start
(Windows icon) and
type wireless. Click on
Manage wireless
networks.
How to create an Ad hoc Network -
Windows
2. Click on Add to add a network.

How to create an Ad hoc Network -
Windows
3. Click on Create an ad hoc network.


How to create an Ad hoc Network -
Windows
4. Click on Next.
How to create an Ad hoc Network -
Windows
5. Enter a name for your network and configure
the security options. Click on Next when you are
done.

How to create an Ad hoc Network -
Linux
1. Switch the card into ad hoc mode
2. Set the channel/frequency that you want to use
3. Add the name (ssid) for the network you want to create/join
4. Add a WEP encryption key
5. Make up the IP address
Conclusion
Mobile ad hoc networks present a new scenario for an
easy connectivity of users in a network without
depending on pre-existing or pre-established
conditions, either from a logical perspective and
infrastructure. Also, with ad hoc is used less LAN access
points and potentially less transmission power.
However, Ad hoc networks should overcome many
technological and technical constraints to be considered
for general use and, is still far from providing a
scenario of connectivity and total mobility between all
autonomous devices.
Bibliography and refereneces
Wikipedia
Z. J. Haas et al., Guest Editorial, IEEE JSAC. Special Issue on
Wireless Networks. Vol. 17, No. 8, Aug. 1999, pp. 1329 32.
M.S. Corson, J. P. Macker, and G. H. Cirincione. Internet Based
Mobile Ad Hoc Networking. IEEE Internet Computing, July August
1999.
R. Ramanathan and J. Redi. A Brief Overview of Ad Hoc Networks:
Challenges and Directions. IEEE Communications Magazine 50th
Anniversary Commemorative Issue/May 2002.
Novel Algorithms and Techniques in Telecommunications, Automation
and Industrial Electronics by Tarek Sobh, Khaled Elleithy, Ausif
Mahmood and Mohammad A. Karim (Oct 21, 2008).
Departamento dArquitectura de Computadors, Universitat
Politcnica de Catalunya (UPC).

Questions
Thanks for
your
attention