REPORT

LAB WORK OF SCIENCE PRACTICE 1

SCIENTIFIC BALLOON
By:
1. RindyPrasetyo (121!2""#12$
2. %&'iana (121!2""#1!$
. (esty%&nianti (121!2""#1)$
". SintaA&'ia *e+i ,a-arani (121!2""#21$
PRO*I PEN*I*IKAN IPA
FAK.LTAS ,ATE,ATIKA *AN IL,. PEN/ETA(.AN ALA,
.NI0ERSITAS NE/ERI %O/%AKARTA
2#1
S1ienti2i1 Ba''oon
A. O34e1ti+e
1. To o3ser+in5 t-e de+e'o67ent o2 3a''oon &se +ine5ar and 3a8in5 6o9der.
2. To 1o76arin5 ti7e needed one 3a''oon 9it- anot-er 9it- sa7e a7o&nt o2 +ine5ar:
di22erent 8ind o2 s&3stan1es (3a8in5 6o9der and e55s-e''$ and sa7e a7o&nt o2
s&3stan1es.
. To 1o76arin5 ti7e needed one 3a''oon 9it- anot-er 9-i1- sa7e a7o&nt o2 +ine5ar:
sa7e 8ind o2 s&3stan1es (3a8in5 6o9der$ and di22erent a7o&nt o2 s&3stan1es.
". To 1o76arin5 ti7e needed one 3a''oon 9it- anot-er 9it- sa7e 8ind o2 s&3stan1es
(3a8in5 6o9der$: sa7e a7o&nt o2 s&3stan1es and di22erent a7o&nt o2 +ine5ar.
B. Ba185ro&nd
E55s-e'' is t-e o&ter 'ayer o2 t-e e55 9-i1- ser+es to 6rote1t a'' t-e 6arts o2 an e55
2ro7 an in4&ry or da7a5e. Ty6i1a''y se1tion is 1o77on'y &sed e55 9-ite and e55 yo'8:
3&t t-is ti7e 9e &ti'i;e t-e e55s-e'' to 3e rea1ted 9it- a1eti1 a1id to 6rod&1e a 5as. E55
s-e''s o2 1a'1i&7 1ar3onate 9-i1- is a'so t-e 7ain in5redient so7e 8ind o2 anta1ids.
A66ro<i7ate'y =>12 6er1ent 3y 9ei5-t o2 t-e e55 1onsists o2 s8in.
E55 s-e''s a'so -a+e 6ores t-at 7ay a3sor3 o<y5en and 1ar3on dio<ide. 3esides
e55s-e''s 9e &se 3a8in5 soda to 3e rea1ted 9it- a1eti1 a1id. Wit- t-is 9e 1ond&1ted an
e<6eri7ent to 2ind o&t 9-i1- one is 2aster to 6rod&1e 5as. Ba8in5 soda or sodi&7
3i1ar3onate is a'8a'ine: 9-i'e +ine5ar or a1eti1 a1id is t-e a1id. Rea1tion 3et9een an a1id
and a 3ase is 1a''ed ne&tra'i;ation. In t-e 6ro1ess o2 t-is rea1tion 6rod&1es 1ar3on dio<ide
and 9ater. to deter7ine 9-i1- one 6rod&1es t-e 5as 9e &se as a 3a''oon in si;e.
C. Literary Re+ie9
A1eti1 a1id: et-anoi1 a1id or a1eti1 a1id is an or5ani1 a1id is a 1-e7i1a' 1o76o&nd
8no9n as a so&r 2'a+orin5 and aro7a in 2ood. A1eti1 a1id -as t-e e76iri1a' 2or7&'a
C
2
(
"
O
2
. T-is 2or7&'a is o2ten 9ritten in t-e 2or7 o2 C(

> COO(: C(

COO(: or
C(

CO
2
(. P&re a1eti1 a1id (1a''ed 5'a1ia' a1eti1 a1id$ is a 1o'or'ess -y5ros1o6i1 'i?&id:
and -as a 2ree;in5 6oint o2 1).@ A C.
A1eti1 a1id is one o2 t-e si76'est 1ar3o<y'i1 a1ids: as 2or7i1 a1id. So'&tion o2 a1eti1
a1id in 9ater is a 9ea8 a1id: 7eanin5 t-at on'y 6artia''y disso1iate into (
B
and C(

COO
>
.
A1eti1 a1id is a 1-e7i1a' rea5ent and ind&stria' ra9 7ateria's are i76ortant. A1eti1 a1id
is &sed in t-e 6rod&1tion o2 6o'y7ers s&1- as 6o'yet-y'ene tere6-t-a'ate: 1e''&'ose
a1etate: and 6o'y+iny' a1etate: as 9e'' as a 9ide +ariety o2 2i3ers and 2a3ri1s. In t-e 2ood
ind&stry: a1eti1 a1id is &sed as an a1idity re5&'ator. In -o&se-o'ds: di'&ted a1eti1 a1id is
o2ten &sed as a 9ater so2tener. Wit-in a year: 9or'd de7and 2or a1eti1 a1id rea1-ed ).!
7i''ion tons 6er year. 1.! 7i''ion tons 6er year is o3tained 2ro7 re1y1'ed: t-e rest is
o3tained 2ro7 t-e 6etro1-e7i1a' ind&stry as 9e'' as 2ro7 3io'o5i1a' so&r1es.
(ydro5en ato7s (($ in t-e 1ar3o<y' 5ro&6 (>COO($ in 1ar3o<y'i1 a1ids s&1- as
a1eti1 a1id 1an 3e re'eased as (
B
ions(6rotons$: t-&s 6ro+idin5 t-e a1idi1 nat&re. A1eti1
a1id is a 7ono6roti1 9ea8 a1id 9it- 6K aC".D +a'&e. Con4&5ate 3ase is a1etate
(C(

COO>$. A 1.#, so'&tion o2 a1eti1 a1id (a66ro<i7ate'y e?&a' to t-e 1on1entration in

t-e +ine5ar$ -as a 6( o2 a3o&t 2.".
*i7er si8'i1
Cy1'i1 di7er o2 a1eti1 a1id: t-e dotted 'ines sy73o'i;es -ydro5en 3onds.
T-e 1rysta' str&1t&re o2 a1eti1 a1id s-o9s t-at t-e a1eti1 a1id 7o'e1&'es 2or7 a
di7er 6airs are 'in8ed 3y -ydro5en 3onds. *i7ers 1an a'so 3e dete1ted in t-e stea7
te76erat&re o2 12# AC. *i7er a'so o11&rs in di'&te so'&tion in so'+ent>non>3onded
-ydro5en: and so7eti7es in 6&re a1eti1 a1id. *i7er 7arred 3y t-e 6resen1e o2 -ydro5en
3onded so'+ent (e.5. 9ater$. *i7er disso1iation ent-a'6ies esti7ated )!.#>)).#8EF7o'e:
t-e entro6y o2disso1iationa66ro<i7ate'y1!">1!@E7o'>1 K>1. *i7eri;ation 6ro6erties are
s-ared 3y t-e ot-er si76'e 1ar3o<y'i1 a1ids.
Li?&id a1eti1 a1id is a -ydro6-i'i1 6roti1 so'+ent (6o'ar$: 7&1- 'i8e 9ater and
et-ano'. A1eti1 a1id -as a die'e1tri1 1onstant o2 t-e 7edi&7 is ).2: so t-at it 1an disso'+e
3ot- 6o'ar 1o76o&nds and inor5ani1 sa'ts are 'i8e s&5ar and non>6o'ar 1o76o&nds s&1-
as oi's and e'e7ents s&1- as s&'2&r and iodine. A1eti1 a1id 7i<ed easi'y 9it- 6o'ar or non>
6o'ar so'+ents s&1- as 9ater: 1-'oro2or7 and -e<ane. So'&3i'ity 6ro6erties and ease o2
7i< o2 t-ese a1eti1 a1id 7a8es it 9ide'y &sed in t-e 1-e7i1a' ind&stry.
A1eti1 a1id is 1orrosi+e to 7any 7eta's s&1- as iron: 7a5nesi&7: and ;in1:
2or7in5 -ydro5en 5as and a1etate sa'ts (1a''ed 7eta' a1etate$. ,eta' a1etates 1an a'so 3e
o3tained 3y rea1tion o2 a1eti1 a1id 9it- a s&ita3'e 3ase. Fa7o&s e<a76'e is t-e rea1tion o2
3a8in5 soda (sodi&7 3i1ar3onate$ rea1ts 9it- +ine5ar. A'7ost a'' a1etate sa'ts disso'+e
9e'' in 9ater. One e<1e6tion is 1-ro7i&7 (II$ a1etate. E<a76'es a1etate sa't 2or7ation
rea1tions:
,5(s$ B 2 C(

COO((a?$ G (C(

COO$
2
,5(a?$ B (
2
(5$
Na(CO

(s$ B C(

COO((a?$ G C(

COONa(a?$ B CO
2
(5$ B (
2
O('$
A'&7in&7 is a 7eta' t-at is resistant to 1orrosion 3e1a&se it 1an 2or7 a 'ayer o2
a'&7in&7 o<ide 9-i1- 6rote1ts t-e s&r2a1e. T-ere2ore: a1eti1 a1id is &s&a''y trans6orted
9it- a'&7in&7 tan8s.
T9o ty6i1a' or5ani1 rea1tions o2 a1eti1 a1id
A1eti1 a1id &nder5o rea1tions o2 1ar3o<y'i1 a1id: e5 a1eti1 6rod&1e sa't 9-en rea1t
9it- a'8a'is: 6rod&1in5 a 7eta'et-anoate 9-en rea1tin5 9it- 7eta's: and 6rod&1e
7eta'et-anoate: 9ater and 1ar3on dio<ide 9-en it rea1ts 9it- 1ar3onate or 3i1ar3onate
sa't. T-e 7ost 9e'' 8no9n or5ani1 rea1tions o2 a1eti1 a1id is t-e 2or7ation o2 et-ano' 3y
red&1tion: t-e 2or7ation o2 1ar3o<y'i1 a1id deri+ati+es s&1- as a1ety' 1-'oride or a1eti1
an-ydride s&3stit&tion. A1eti1 an-ydride is 2or7ed 3y t-e 1ondensation o2 t9o 7o'e1&'es
o2 a1eti1 a1id. Ester so a1eti1 a1id 1an 3e o3tained t-ro&5-. Fis1-er et-eri2i1ation
rea1tion: and a'so t-e 2or7ation o2 a7ides. At a te76erat&re o2 ""#AC: a1eti1 a1id
de1o76oses into 7et-ane and 1ar3on dio<ide: or 8etene and 9ater.
A1eti1 a1id 1an 3e identi2ied 3y a distin1ti+e s7e''. In addition: sa'ts o2 a1eti1 a1id
rea1ts 9it- a so'&tion o2 iron (III$ 1-'oride: 9-i1- 6rod&1es so'id red 1o'or is 'ost 9-en
t-e so'&tion is a1idi2ied. A1etate sa'ts 9-en -eated 9it- arseni1 trio<ide ( AsO

$ 2or7ed
8a8odi' o<ide ((C(

$2As>O>As (C(

$
2
$: 9-i1- is easi'y re1o5ni;a3'e 9it- an &n6'easant
s7e''. Sodi&7 3i1ar3onate is t-e 1-e7i1a' 1o76o&nd 9it- t-e 2or7&'a Na(CO

. In
1a''ed o2ten s-ortened to 3i1nat. T-ese 1o76o&nds in1'&de sa't 5ro&6s and -as 3een &sed
2or a 'on5 ti7e.
T-is 1o76o&nd is a'so 8no9n as 3a8in5 soda (3a8in5 soda$: sodi&7 3i1ar3onate:
sodi&7 -ydro5en 1ar3onate: and ot-ers. T-is 1o76o&nd is a 1rysta''ine t-at is o2ten 2o&nd
in t-e 2or7 o2 6o9der. Sodi&7 3i1ar3onate is so'&3'e in 9ater. T-ese 1o76o&nds are
&sed in 3read or 1a8e 3e1a&se it rea1ts 9it- ot-er s&3stan1es to 2or7 1ar3on dio<ide 5as:
9-i1- 1a&ses t-e 3read H 2'&22yH. T-ese 1o76o&nds are a'so &sed as an anta1id dr&5
(5astritis or 6e6ti1 &'1er disease$. Be1a&se it is an a'8a'oid (3ase: t-is 1o76o&nd is a'so
&sed as an a1id ne&tra'i;in5 dr&5s 2or 6atients 9it- rena' t&3&'ar a1idosis (ATR$ or
R-ena' t&3&'ar a1idosis ( RTA $. In addition: sodi&7 3i1ar3onate 1an a'so 3e &sed to
'o9er &ri1 a1id 'e+e's.
Na(CO

is 5enera''y 6rod&1ed 3y t-e So'+ay 6ro1ess: 9-i1- re?&ires t-e rea1tion

o2 sodi&7 1-'oride: a77onia: and 1ar3on dio<ide in t-e 9ater. Na(CO

6rod&1ed as
7any as 1## ### tons F year (2##1$. Ba8in5 soda are a'so 6rod&1ed 1o77er1ia' o2 soda
as- (trona ore is o3tained t-ro&5- 7inin5: 9-i1- is disso'+ed in 9ater and rea1ted 9it-
1ar3on dio<ide T-en Na(CO

sett'es s&it t-e 2o''o9in5 e?&ation
Na
2
CO

B CO
2
B (
2
O G 2 Na(CO

*. Ti7e and P'a1e e<6eri7ent

Ti7e : Friday: No+e73er 22
nd
: 2#1
P'a1e : S1ien1e La3oratory
E. Too' and 7ateria'
,ateria's :
Ba8in5 6o9der (Na(CO

$
0ine5ar
E55s-e''
Too's :
" %o& 3ott'e C 1###
Sie+e
) 3a''oon
,ortar
Sta72er
Ana'yti1 3a'an1e
Fi'ter
Pa6er
F. Pro1ed&re
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
/. Res&'t o2 a1ti+ity
A1ti+ity 1
No. S&3stan1e A7o&nt o2
s&3stan1e
(5ra7$
A7o&nt o2
+ine5ar (7'$
Ti7es needed to
de+e'o6in5
1. Ba8in5 6o9der ! 1# 1# se1ond
2. E55s-e'' so2t ! 1# 1.2@ 7in&tes
. E55s-e'' -a'2 so2t ! 1# 2.# 7in&tes
". E55s-e'' 1oarse ! 1# 2.! 7in&tes
A1ti+ity 2
No. S&3stan1e A7o&nt o2
s&3stan1e
(5ra7$
A7o&nt o2
+ine5ar (7'$
Ti7es needed to
de+e'o6in5 (se1ond$
1. Ba8in5 6o9der ! ! 1!
2. Ba8in5 6o9der " ! 2.1)
. Ba8in5 6o9der ! 2=.21
(. *is1&ssion
In e<6eri7ents 9it- t-e tit'e HS1ienti2i1 Ba''oonH ai7s to o3ser+in5 t-e de+e'o67ent
o2 3a''oon &se +ine5ar and 3a8in5 6o9der: deter7inin5 ti7e needed 3a''oon to
de+e'o6in5: 1o76arin5 ti7e needed one 3a''oon 9it- anot-er 9it- sa7e a7o&nt o2
+ine5ar: di22erent 8ind o2 s&3stan1es (3a8in5 6o9der and e55s-e''$ and sa7e a7o&nt o2
s&3stan1es: 1o76arin5 ti7e needed one 3a''oon 9it- anot-er 9-i1- sa7e a7o&nt o2
+ine5ar: sa7e 8ind o2 s&3stan1es (3a8in5 6o9der$ and di22erent a7o&nt o2 s&3stan1es: To
1o76arin5 ti7e needed one 3a''oon 9it- anot-er 9it- sa7e 8ind o2 s&3stan1es (3a8in5
6o9der$: sa7e a7o&nt o2 s&3stan1es and di22erent a7o&nt o2 +ine5ar.
In t-is e<6eri7ent 9e did 2 a1ti+ities. First 9e o3ser+e a s6eed o2 " 3a''oons 9it-
6ara7eters di22erent s&3stan1es. S&3stan1es t-at 9e &se t-ere are 2o&r 8inds o2 3a8in5
soda: e55 1r&st s7oot-: so7e9-at de'i1ate 1r&st e55: e55 1r&st ro&5-. O&r 1ontro'
+aria3'es are t-e a7o&nt o2 ea1- s&3stan1e (3a8in5 soda: e55s s7oot- 1r&st: 1r&st e55s
rat-er s7oot-: ro&5- e55 1r&st$ ! 5ra7s: 1# 7L +ine5ar: 3&33'e si;e: si;e 3ott'es: start
ti7e and t-e ti7e re?&ired to e<6ands. T-e 2irst ste6 9e do is to 7eas&re 1# 7' o2 +ine5ar
" ti7es t-en 6&t into ea1- 3ott'e. A2ter t-e 3a8in5 soda 9ei5-in5 ! 5ra7s: ! 5ra7s o2 2ine
e55 1r&st: t-e 1r&st is rat-er de'i1ate e55s ! 5ra7s: ! 5ra7s o2 1oarse e55 1r&st. t-en insert
it into a 3a''oon ea1- s&3stan1e. T-en insert s&3stan1es into t-e 3ott'e so t-at t-e 7ateria'
9i'' rea1t 9it- t-e +ine5ar. O3ser+ation o2 " 3ott'es is as 2o''o9s:
Bott'e A rea1tion 3et9een +ine5ar and 3a8in5 soda 1# 7' o2 ! 5ra7s
Ba''oon 2i''ed 9it- 3a8in5 soda (Na(CO

$: 1### .C 5'ass 3ott'es 2i''ed 9it- 8it1-en

+ine5ar (C(

COO($. Ba''oon 9as 6'a1ed o+er t-e 7o&t- o2 t-e t&3e 7o&t-
Er'en7eyer so ti5-t'y. T-e 3a''oon 'i2ted &6 t-e 3a8in5 soda 2a'' into t-e 5'ass 3ott'e.
W-en t-e 3a8in5 soda 5et into 5'ass 3ott'es rea1tion 3et9een 3a8in5 soda and +ine5ar
8it1-en s-o9n 9it- 3a''oon e<6ands as it 1ontains a 5as (CO
2
$ 9-i1- is t-e res&'t o2 a
rea1tion 3et9een +ine5ar and 3a8in5 soda 8it1-en. T-e rea1tion is:
Na(CO

(s$ B C(

COO((a?$ C(

COONa(a?$ B CO
2
(5$ B (
2
O
At t-e ti7e o2 so'&tion o2 sodi&7 -ydro5en 1ar3onate ( Na(CO

$ 9as 7i<ed 9it- a

so'&tion o2 C(

COO(: raised 1ar3on dio<ide 5as. T-e 6rin1i6'e o2 t-e rea1tion t-at
6rod&1es 1ar3on dio<ide 5as ( CO
2
$ in e+eryday 'i2e are &sed in t-e 7an&2a1t&re o2
3read to t-e 3read e<6ands. Na(CO

8no9n as 3a8in5 soda 3e1a&se it is &sed in

7a8in5 1a8es. At -i5- te76erat&res: t-e 3a8in5 soda 9i'' rea1t to 2or7 1ar3on
dio<ide 5as. Car3on dio<ide 5as 3&33'es are tra66ed in t-e do&5- t-at 7a8es t-e
1oo8ie do&5- e<6ands. I2 t-e -eatin5 te76erat&re is too 'o9: -ard 3a8in5 soda 9i''
rea1t to t-e res&'tin5 1a8e is not e<6andin5 and t-e ti7e it ta8es 7&1- 'on5er. Car3on
dio<ide 5as is &sed as a 2ire e<tin5&is-er 3e1a&se t-e density o2 CO
2
is 5reater t-an
t-e density o2 air. At t-e ti7e o2 CO
2
5as is s6rayed into t-e 3&rnin5 7ateria': t-e 2ire
5oes o&t 3e1a&se t-e s&rro&ndin5 7ateria' 1o+ered CO
2
so o<y5en 3&rnin5 1annot
to&1- t-e s&3stan1e is 3&rned. Car3on dio<ide 5as is a'so o2ten in1'&ded in so2t drin8s
in order to 2ee' 7ore re2res-ed.
T-e ti7e needed to in2'ate is 1# se1ond. T-is in1'&des t-e de+e'o67ent o2 2aster t-an
ot-ers d&e to a 1-e7i1a' rea1tion t-at o11&rs 3et9een 3a8in5 soda and +ine5ar.
Ba8in5 soda is in1'&ded in t-e 3ase 1'ass 9-i'e +ine5ar a1id in1'&ded in t-e 1'ass. And
t-ese s&3stan1es are a'ready a 6&re s&3stan1e o2 t-e 6'ant o&t6&t. W-en 3a8in5 soda
and +ine5ar 7i<ed 9it- 9ater: it 9i'' 6rod&1e a 'ot o2 air 3&33'es. T-e air 3&33'es are
5enerated 2ro7 t-e 5as 7i<in5 3a8in5 soda: +ine5ar: and 9ater. T-e 5as 1a''ed 1ar3on
dio<ide (CO
2
$. We'': t-is is t-e 5as t-at 5oes into t-e 3a''oon so t-at t-e 3a''oon 1an
3e distended 9it-o&t diti&6. Ba'on is an o34e1t 7ade o2 r&33er t-at 1an 3e 3'o9n and
9i'' e<6and d&e to t-e 6ress&re o2 t-e 5as. Ba''oons 1o77on'y &sed 3y 1-i'dren 9-i'e
6'ayin5: 3a''oons 1an a'so 3e &sed as a 7eans to de1orate t-e roo7 9-en 9i'' -o'd
anni+ersary e+ent. T-e 3a''oon is di+ided into t9o 8inds: na7e'y toy 3a''oons and
3'i76s.
0ine5ar or a1eti1 a1id is an or5ani1 1-e7i1a' 1o76o&nd 8no9n as a so&r 2'a+orin5
and aro7a in 2ood. A1eti1 a1id is o2ten 9ritten in t-e 2or7 o2 C(

COO(. 0ine5ar -as

a die'e1tri1 1onstant o2 t-e 7edi&7 is ).2: so t-at it 1an disso'+e 3ot- 6o'ar
1o76o&nds and inor5ani1 sa'ts are 'i8e s&5ar and non>6o'ar 1o76o&nds s&1- as oi's
and e'e7ents s&1- as s&'2&r and iodine. So'&3i'ity 6ro6erties and ease o2 7i< o2 t-ese
a1eti1 a1id 7a8es it 9ide'y &sed in t-e 1-e7i1a' ind&stry.
Ba8in5 soda or sodi&7 3i1ar3onate is a 1o76o&nd so'&tion in 9ater is a 9ea8 3ase.
Ba8in5 soda is &sed not on'y as an in5redient 2or 1oo8in5: 3&t a'so 2or treat7ent (2or
e<a76'e 5astrointestina' dr&5s$. T-ese 1o76o&nds are a'so 7ade in t-e 3ody.
Co76o&nd -e'6 ne&tra'i;e t-e a1id in o&r 3ody (ne&tra'i;es sto7a1- a1id$.
Bott'e B rea1tion 3et9een a1eti1 a1id and 1# 7' o2 ! 5ra7s o2 2ine e55 1r&st
T-e 3a''oon is 2i''ed 9it- 2ine e55 1r&st: .C 1### 5'ass 3ott'es 2i''ed 9it- 8it1-en
+ine5ar (C(

COO($. T-e 7o&t- o2 t-e 3a''oon 9as 6'a1ed o+er t-e 7o&t- o2 a 5'ass
3ott'e so ti5-t'y. T-e 3a''oon 'i2ted &nti' s7oot- e55 1r&st 2a''in5 into t-e 5'ass 3ott'e.
W-en t-e e55 1r&st s7oot- entry into 5'ass 3ott'es rea1tion o11&rs 3et9een t-e 1r&st
and s7oot- e55 8it1-en +ine5ar as indi1ated 3y t-e 3a''oon e<6ands as it 1ontains a
5as (CO
2
$ 9-i1- is t-e res&'t o2 a rea1tion 3et9een +ine5ar 8it1-en and s7oot- e55
1r&st. T-e 1r&st is de'i1ate e55s o3tained 2ro7 t-e 6ro1ess o2 dryin5 1r&st e55 t-en
1r&s-ed 9it- a 7ortar and t-en 2i'tered &sin5 a 2i'ter.
T-e e55 s-e''s are 1o76osed o2 1a'1i&7 1ar3onate or CaCO

1o76o&nd. 6ro6erties o2
CaCO

is so'&3'e in a1idi1 t-o&5- 9ea8 a1id. So: a1eti1 a1id is a 9ea8 a1id 9-i1- -as
t-e 1-e7i1a' na7e o2 a1eti1 a1id: C(

COO(.
*isso'&tion rea1tion is : CaCO

B 2C(

COO( >>>>> I Ca ( C(

COO $
2
B CO
2
B (
2
O
Stron5er t-e a1id: t-e 2aster disso'&tion o2 1a'1i&7 1ar3onate 3e1a&se a1eti1 a1id is a
9ea8 a1id t-at it too8 a 3it 'on5 6ro1ess it 9as o3ser+ed t-at an e55s-e'' 'i8e 1-i66ed.
T-e ti7e needed 3a''oon to de+e'o6in5 is 2.2@ 7in&tes. In t-e rea1tion 3et9een t-e
1r&st and s7oot- e55 +ine5ar 2or7ed 5as 3&33'es d&e 1r&st 7as-ed e55 itse'2 1ontains
a'8a'ine CaCO

. And 3e1a&se t-e e55 s-e'' in t-e insert in 6osition is 7ore s&3t'e t-an
ot-ers so t-at t-e ti7e re?&ired to in2'ate t-e 3a''oon 2aster e?&a' t-an 9it- e55 1r&st
rat-er s&3t'e and de'i1ate. T-is is 3e1a&se t-e s&r2a1e area in 1onta1t 9it- t-e e55
1r&st +ine5ar 7ore so t-at t-e res&'tin5 5as 3&33'es into 7ore
Bott'e B rea1tion 3et9een a1eti1 a1id and 1# 7' o2 ! 5ra7s o2 'ess t-an 2ine e55 1r&st
T-e 3a''oon is 2i''ed 9it- 2ine e55 1r&st: .C 1### 5'ass 3ott'es 2i''ed 9it- 8it1-en
+ine5ar (C(

COO($. T-e 7o&t- o2 t-e 3a''oon 9as 6'a1ed o+er t-e 7o&t- o2 a 5'ass
3ott'e so ti5-t'y. T-e 3a''oon 'i2ted &nti' 'ess t-an 2ine e55 1r&st 2a''in5 into t-e 5'ass
3ott'e. W-en t-e e55 1r&st 'ess t-an 2ine entry into 5'ass 3ott'es rea1tion o11&rs
3et9een t-e 1r&st and 'ess t-an 2ine e55 8it1-en +ine5ar as indi1ated 3y t-e 3a''oon
e<6ands as it 1ontains a 5as (CO
2
$ 9-i1- is t-e res&'t o2 a rea1tion 3et9een +ine5ar
8it1-en and 'ess t-an 2ine e55 1r&st.
=#J o2 t-e e55s-e'' is 1a'1i&7 1ar3onate (CaCO

$ and 9-en intera1tin5 9it- a1eti1

a1id (C(

CO
2
($: t-e s-e'' 9i'' 3e5in to ta8e o22 re7o+e 1ar3on dio<ide (CO
2
$
T-e 2irst t-in5 t-at -a66ens is t-e Car3on (CO

$
2
> 9-i1- is 6art o2 t-e 1a'1i&7
1ar3onate in 6rotoni;ation (are not 8no9 9-at t-is 7eans$ to 2or7 1ar3oni1 a1id
((
2
CO

$.
Fro7 t-ere t-en o3tained 2ro7 1a'1i&7 a1etate and 1a'1i&7 a1etate
2 C(

COO( B CaCO

C (
2
CO

B Ca(C(

COO$
2
.
T-e ne<t 6-ase 1ar3oni1 a1id 9i'' 3rea8 a9ay to 2or7 1ar3on dio<ide and 9ater:
na7e'y:
(
2
CO

C (
2
O B CO
2
.
O+era'' 1on1'&sion o2 t-e rea1tion on'y t9o rea1tions.
2 C(

COO( B CaCO

C (
2
O B CO
2
B Ca(C(

COO$
2
.
CaCO

(s$ B 2C(

COO(('$ Ca(C(

COO$
2
(s$ B (
2
O('$ B CO
2
(5$
T-e res&'ts o2 t-e de+e'o67ent o2 t-e 3a''oon 9it- t-e rea1tion 3et9een +ine5ar 9it-
a 3it o2 2ine e55s-e''.
Fro7 t-e e<6eri7ent e55s-e'' 'ess t-an 2ine 9it- +ine5ar need ti7e 2.# 7in&tes.
T-is ti7e 7ore s'o9 t-an e55s-e'' 'ess t-an 2ine 3e1a&se t-e 9ide s&r2a1e 'ess t-an
t-e e55s-e'' 2ine.
Bott'e * t-e rea1tion 3et9een a1eti1 a1id and 1# 7' o2 ! 5ra7s o2 1oarse e55 1r&st
T-e 3a''oon is 2i''ed 9it- 1oarse e55 1r&st: .C 1### 5'ass 3ott'es 2i''ed 9it- 8it1-en
+ine5ar (C(

COO($. T-e 7o&t- o2 t-e 3a''oon 9as 6'a1ed o+er t-e 7o&t- o2 a 5'ass
3ott'e so ti5-t'y. T-e 3a''oon 'i2ted &6 ro&5- e55 1r&st 2a''s into t-e 5'ass 3ott'e. W-en
enterin5 into a ro&5- e55 1r&st 5'ass 3ott'es rea1tion o11&rs 3et9een t-e 1r&st e55 and
+ine5ar 1oarse indi1ated 8it1-en 9it- 5as>2i''ed 3a''oon is in2'ated 3e1a&se (CO
2
$
9-i1- is t-e res&'t o2 a rea1tion 3et9een +ine5ar and 8it1-en ro&5- e55 1r&st.
=#J o2 t-e e55s-e'' is 1a'1i&7 1ar3onate (CaCO

$ and 9-en intera1tin5 9it- a1eti1

a1id (C(

CO
2
($: t-e s-e'' 9i'' 3e5in to ta8e o22 re7o+e 1ar3on dio<ide (CO
2
$
T-e 2irst t-in5 t-at -a66ens is t-e Car3on (CO

$
2
> 9-i1- is 6art o2 t-e 1a'1i&7
1ar3onate in 6rotoni;ation (are not 8no9 9-at t-is 7eans$ to 2or7 1ar3oni1 a1id
((
2
CO

$.
Fro7 t-ere t-en o3tained 2ro7 1a'1i&7 a1etate and 1a'1i&7 a1etate
2 C(

COO( B CaCO

C (
2
CO

B Ca(C(

COO$
2
.
T-e ne<t 6-ase 1ar3oni1 a1id 9i'' 3rea8 a9ay to 2or7 1ar3on dio<ide and 9ater:
na7e'y:
(
2
CO

C (
2
O B CO
2
.
O+era'' 1on1'&sion o2 t-e rea1tion on'y t9o rea1tions.
2 C(

COO( B CaCO

C (
2
O B CO
2
B Ca(C(

COO$
2
.
CaCO

(s$ B 2C(

COO(('$ Ca(C(

COO$
2
(s$ B (
2
O('$ B CO
2
(5$
T-e res&'ts o2 t-e de+e'o67ent o2 t-e 3a''oon 9it- t-e rea1tion 3et9een +ine5ar 9it-
a 3it o2 2ine e55s-e''.
In e<6eri7ents 9it- a ro&5- 1r&st e55 +ine5ar ta8es 2.! 7in&tes. T-is ti7e is
7&1- 'on5er t-an t-e s7oot- e55s-e'' and e55s-e'' rat-er s&3t'e 3e1a&se t-e s-e''
s&r2a1e area is s7a''er t-an t-e de'i1ate e55s-e'' and e55s-e'' rat-er s&3t'e.
In t-e se1ond a1ti+ity 9e o3ser+in5 t-e ti7e to de+e'o6ed t-e 3a''oon &se
di22erent 7ass o2 soda 1a8e Na(CO

.t-e 2irst ste6 is 6re6arin5 3ott'es 9-i1- sa7e

si;e and 3a''oon sa7e si;e too. T-en: 7eas&rin5 a1etate a1id ! 7'. a2ter t-at
enterin5 t-e a1etate a1id in e+ery 3ott'e ! 7' ea1- 3ott'e. T-en 3a'an1in5 t-e
s&3stan1e o2 Na(CO

in ana'yti1a' 3a'an1e ! 5ra7: " 5ra7: and 5ra7. Enterin5 t-e

Na(CO

in ea1- 3a''oon. Pairin5 t-e 3a''oon on t-e 3ott'e. Insertin5 t-e Na(CO

9-i1- in t-e 3a''oon to t-e 3ott'e.
In t-is e<6eri7ent -a66en rea1tion 3et9een a1id and 3ase. T-e a1id is +ine5ar
or a1etate a1id and t-e 3ase is 3a8in5 6o9der (Na(CO

$. A 7i<t&re o2 3a8in5 soda

and +ine5ar 6rod&1e 5as 3&33'es. T-e 5as 3&33'es are 1ar3on dio<ide 5as. ,i<t&re o2
+ine5ar 9it- 3a8in5 soda 1an 3e 2or7&'ated as 2o''o9s:
Na(CO

(s$ B C(

COO((a?$ G C(

COONa(a?$ B CO
2
(5$ B (
2
O('$.
0ine5ar is an a1id: 9-i'e 3a8in5 soda is a'8a'ine. A2ter t-is se1ond so'&tion is
7i<ed: t-e 6( 3e1o7es ne&tra'. T-e res&'ts o2 t-e rea1tion o2 +ine5ar 9it- 3a8in5
soda to 6rod&1e 1ar3on dio<ide 5as o<y5en 5as 6&s-in5 on it so t-at o+er ti7e a s7a''
3a''oon t-at 9as 5oin5 to t&rn o&t to 3e 5reater.
T-e rea1tion t-at o11&rs 3et9een +ine5ar 9it- 3a8in5 soda is an endot-er7i1
rea1tion: 3e1a&se a2ter t-e +ine5ar and 3a8in5 soda 7i<ed into a 3ott'e: a 3ott'e o2
1o'd s&r2a1es. T-is is d&e to t-e trans2er o2 -eat or -eat 2ro7 t-e en+iron7ent to t-e
syste7 so t-at t-e a73ient te76erat&re is red&1ed and 1a&ses t-e te76erat&re on t-e
s&r2a1e o2 t-e 3ott'e is 1o'd..
E?&ation (E?&ation C-e7i1a'$:
Na(CO (s$ B C(COO( (a?$ C(COONa (s$ B (O (l$ B CO
Bott'e A is Na(CO

! 5ra7 and a1etate a1id! 7'

T-e ti7e needed 3a''oon to de+e'o6ed is 1! se1ond. T-is ti7e is s'o9 t-an 3ott'e A in
2irst e<6eri7ent 3e1a&se t-e +o'&7e o2 a1etate a1id in t-is 3ott'e is 'o9er t-an it. And
t-e a7o&nt o2 Na(CO

is sa7e: it is ! 5ra7. It -a66ened 3e1a&se t-e 6ores o2

Na(CO

9-i1- s&r2a1e to 1onta1t a1etate a1id is 'itt'e t-an t-e 6ores o2

Na(CO

9-i1- s&r2a1e to 1onta1t a1etate a1id in 3ott'e A in t-e 2irst e<6eri7ent. B&t
t-is ti7e is 2aster t-an 3ott'e B and C in se1ond e<6eri7ent 3e1a&se t-e +o'&7e o2
Na(CO

in t-is 3ott'e is 7ore t-an it. And t-e a7o&nt o2 A1etate a1idis sa7e: it is !
7'. It -a66ened 3e1a&se t-e rea1t o2 Na(CO

and a1etate a1id is 3i55er t-an 3ott'e B

and C.
Bott'e A is Na(CO

" 5ra7 and a1etate a1id ! 7'
T-e ti7e needed 3a''oon to de+e'o6ed is 2.1) se1ond. T-is ti7e is 2aster t-an 3ott'e
C in se1ond e<6eri7ent 3e1a&se t-e +o'&7e o2 Na(CO

in t-is 3ott'e is 7ore t-an it.

And t-e a7o&nt o2 A1etate a1idis sa7e: it is ! 7'. It -a66ened 3e1a&se t-e rea1t o2
Na(CO

and a1etate a1id is 3i55er t-an 3ott'e C.T-is ti7e is 'o9er t-an 3ott'e A in
se1ond e<6eri7ent 3e1a&se t-e +o'&7e o2 Na(CO

in t-is 3ott'e is 'itt'et-an it. And

t-e a7o&nt o2 A1etate a1idis sa7e: it is ! 7'. It -a66ened 3e1a&se t-e rea1t o2
Na(CO

and a1etate a1id is 'itt'e t-an 3ott'e A.

Bott'e A is Na(CO

5ra7 and a1etate a1id ! 7'
T-e ti7e needed 3a''oon to de+e'o6ed is 2=.21 se1ond. T-is ti7e is s'o9 t-an 3ott'e A
and B in se1ond e<6eri7ent 3e1a&se t-e +o'&7e o2 Na(CO

in t-is 3ott'e is 'o9er

t-an it. And t-e a7o&nt o2 A1etate a1idis sa7e: it is ! 7'. It -a66ened 3e1a&se t-e
rea1t o2 Na(CO

and a1etate a1id is 'itt'e t-an 3ott'e A and B.

In t-e 'iterary re+ie9 t-e rea1tion 3et9een 3a8in5 soda and +ine5ar a1t&a''y
o11&rs in t9o ste6s: 3&t t-e o+era'' 6ro1ess 1an 3e s&77ari;ed 3y t-e 2o''o9in5 9ord
e?&ation :
Ba8in5 soda (sodi&7 3i1ar3onate$ 6'&s +ine5ar (a1eti1 a1id$ yie'ds 1ar3on
dio<ide 6'&s 9ater 6'&s sodi&7 ion 6'&s a1etate ion
T-e 1-e7i1a' e?&ation 2or t-e o+era'' rea1tion is:
Na(CO

(s$ B C(

COO(('$ G CO
2
(5$ B (
2
O('$ B Na
B
(a?$ B C(

COO
>
(a?$
9it- s C so'id: ' C 'i?&id: 5 C 5as: a? C a?&eo&s or in 9ater so'&tion
Anot-er 1o77on 9ay to 9rite t-is rea1tion is:
Na(CO

B (C
2
(

O
2
G NaC
2
(

O
2
B (
2
O B CO
2
T-e a3o+e rea1tion: 9-i'e te1-ni1a''y 1orre1t: does not a11o&nt 2or t-e disso1iation o2
t-e sodi&7 a1etate in 9ater.
T-e 1-e7i1a' rea1tion a1t&a''y o11&rs in t9o ste6s. First: t-ere is do&3'e dis6'a1e7ent
rea1tion in 9-i1- a1eti1 a1id in +ine5ar rea1ts 9it- sodi&7 3i1ar3onate to 2or7
sodi&7 a1etate and 1ar3oni1 a1id:
Na(CO

B (C
2
(

O
2
G NaC
2
(

O
2
B (
2
CO

Car3oni1 a1id is &nsta3'e and &nder5oes a de1o76osition rea1tion to 6rod&1e

t-e 1ar3on dio<ide 5as:
(
2
CO

G (
2
O B CO
2
T-e 1ar3on dio<ide es1a6es t-e so'&tion as 3&33'es. T-e 3&33'es are -ea+ier
t-an air: so t-e 1ar3on dio<ide 1o''e1ts at t-e s&r2a1e o2 t-e 1ontainer or o+er2'o9s it.
In a 3a8in5 soda +o'1ano: deter5ent &s&a''y is added to 1o''e1t t-e 5as and 2or7
3&33'es t-at 2'o9 so7e9-at 'i8e 'a+a do9n t-e side o2 t-e K+o'1anoK. A di'&te sodi&7
a1etate so'&tion re7ains a2ter t-e rea1tion.
So: 2ro7 t-is e<6eri7ent 9e 8no9 t-at de+e'o67ent o2 3a''oon not on'y 2ro7
3'ast o2 air 3&t a'so 1an de+e'o67ent 2ro7 rea1tion 3et9een 3ase and a1id. T-e a1id is
A1etate A1id and t-e 3ase is CaCO

in e55s-e'' and 3a8in5 6o9der (Na(CO

$.Fro7
t-e a3o+e e<6eri7enta' res&'ts 9e 1an 1on1'&de t-at t-e 3a8in5 soda or sodi&7
3i1ar3onate is a'8a'ine: 9-i'e +ine5ar or a1eti1 a1id is t-e a1id. Rea1tion 3et9een an
a1id and a 3ase is 1a''ed ne&tra'i;ation. In t-e 6ro1ess o2 t-is rea1tion 6rod&1es 1ar3on
dio<ide and 9ater. Car3on dio<ide 6rod&1ed 9i'' 7a8e 3a''oon is in2'ated.
I. Con1'&sion
Based on t-e a3o+e o3ser+ations: it 1an 3e 1on1'&ded t-at:
1. In t-e de+e'o67ent o2 3a''oon o3ser+ations &sin5 7i< +ine5ar and 3a8in5 soda:
o3tained t-e 7ore 7ass t-e 2aster 3a8in5 soda is a'so t-e ti7e re?&ired to de+e'o6
a 3a''oon. t-at de+e'o67ent o2 3a''oon not on'y 2ro7 3'ast o2 air 3&t a'so 1an
de+e'o67ent 2ro7 rea1tion 3et9een 3ase and a1id. T-e a1id is A1etate A1id and
t-e 3ase is CaCO

in e55s-e'' and 3a8in5 6o9der (Na(CO

$.Fro7 t-e a3o+e

e<6eri7enta' res&'ts 9e 1an 1on1'&de t-at t-e 3a8in5 soda or sodi&7 3i1ar3onate
is a'8a'ine: 9-i'e +ine5ar or a1eti1 a1id is t-e a1id. Rea1tion 3et9een an a1id and a
3ase is 1a''ed ne&tra'i;ation. In t-e 6ro1ess o2 t-is rea1tion 6rod&1es 1ar3on
dio<ide and 9ater. Car3on dio<ide 6rod&1ed 9i'' 7a8e 3a''oon is in2'ated.
2. T-e 1o76arison ti7e needed one 3a''oon 9it- anot-er 9it- sa7e a7o&nt o2
+ine5ar: di22erent 8ind o2 s&3stan1es (3a8in5 6o9der and e55s-e''$ and sa7e
a7o&nt o2 s&3stan1es is 3a''oon e<6ands 2aster in t-e 3ott'e t-at -ad a rea1tion
3et9een 3a8in5 soda and +ine5ar. And t-e 7ore de'i1ate e55s-e'' +ine5ar rea1ts
9it- t-e 3a''oon 9i'' in2'ate 2aster 3e1a&se t-e s&r2a1e area o2 CaCO (1ontained
in e55s-e''$ is 5reater t-at t-e 5reater t-e rea1tion.
. T-e 1o76ared ti7e needed one 3a''oon 9it- anot-er 9-i1- sa7e a7o&nt o2
+ine5ar: sa7e 8ind o2 s&3stan1es (3a8in5 6o9der$ and di22erent a7o&nt o2
s&3stan1es is 7ore t-e 7ass n&73er o2 s&3stan1es &sed: t-e 'ess ti7e it ta8es: and
+i1e +ersa t-e 'ess t-e a7o&nt o2 7ass o2 a s&3stan1e: t-e 7ore ti7e it ta8es to
in2'ate t-e 3a''oon. T-is is e+ident 2ro7 t-e a3o+e e<6eri7enta' res&'ts.
". Co76arin5 ti7e needed one 3a''oon 9it- anot-er 9it- sa7e 8ind o2 s&3stan1es
(3a8in5 6o9der$: sa7e a7o&nt o2 s&3stan1es and di22erent a7o&nt o2 +ine5ar.
t-e 7ore 7ass t-at rea1ts 9it- t-e 3a8in5 soda and +ine5ar 9-i1- t-e ti7e it ta8es
to in2'ate t-e 3a''oon 2aster t-an t-e 7ass o2 t-e rea1tin5 s&3stan1es are 2e9.
E. Re2eren1e
*ay RA. Er dan A' .nder9ood.1==2. Analisis Kimia Kuantitatif. Edisi Kelima. Ea8arta :
Er'an55a
Eani1e Pratt 0anC'ea+e. (2##$. 204 Percobaan-percobaan yang Menakjubkan.
Band&n5 : Pa8ar Raya.
Eani1e Pratt 0anC'ea+e. (1==1$. embira !ermain dengan "lmu Kimia # $0$ Percobaan
yang Pasti !er%asil. Ea8arta : Te76rint.
Eo-n: W.: (i'': *oris: K.: Ko'3. (1==!$. &%emistry for &%anging 'imes. Se+ent- Edition.
Ne9 Eersey : Prenti1e (a'': In1.
Ste+e Set2ord. (1==)$. !uku (aku (ains. Ea8arta : Er'an55a
ATTAC(,ENT