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Scientific Notation Rules

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Scientific Notation Rules

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math Handbook Transparency Masters Chemistry: Matter and Change 91
Scientists need to express small measurements, such as the
mass of the proton at the center of a hydrogen atom
(0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 673 kg), and large
measurements, such as the temperature at the center of
the Sun (15 000 000 K). To do this conveniently, they
express the numerical values of small and large
measurements in scientific notation, which has two parts.
N 10
n
A number in which
only one digit is
placed to the left
of the decimal
An exponent
of 10 by which
the number is
multiplied
Thus, the temperature of the Sun, 15 million kelvins, is
written as 1.5 10
7
K in scientific notation.
Positive Exponents Express 1234.56 in scientific notation.
Each time
the decimal
place is
moved one
place to the
left,
the
exponent is
increased by
one.
1234.56
1234.56 10
0
123.456 10
1
123.456 10
1
12.3456 10
2
12.3456 10
2
1.234 56 10
3
1.234 56 10
3

Negative Exponents Express 0.006 57 in scientific notation.
Each time
the decimal
place is
moved one
place to the
right,
the
exponent is
decreased
by one.
0.006 57
0.006 57 10
0
0.0657 10
1
0.0657 10
1
0.657 10
2
0.657 10
2
6.57 10
3
6.57 10
3

Name Date Class
Scientific Notation
Scientific Notation
MATH HANDBOOK TRANSPARENCY MASTER
Use with Appendix B,
Scientific Notation
1
53
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92 Chemistry: Matter and Change Math Handbook Transparency Worksheets
1. Express each of the following numbers in scientific notation.
a. 230
b. 5601
c. 14 100 000
d. 56 million
e. 2/10
f. 0.450 13
g. 0.089
h. 0.000 26
i. 0.000 000 698
j. 12 thousandth
2. Express each of the following measurements in scientific notation.
a. speed of light in a vacuum, 299 792 458 m/s
b. number of seconds in a day, 86 400 s
c. mean radius of Earth, 6378 km
d. density of oxygen gas at 0C and pressure of 101 kPa, 0.001 42 g/mL
e. radius of an argon atom, 0.000 000 000 098 m
Name Date Class
Scientific Notation
Scientific Notation
MATH HANDBOOK TRANSPARENCY WORKSHEET
Use with Appendix B,
Scientific Notation
1
54
Name
Scientists very often deal with very small and very large numbers, which can lead to a Pf
confusion when counting zeros! We have learned to express these numbers as powers
10.
Scientific notation takes the form of M x 1 On where 1 I M < 10 and 'n" represents the number
of decimal places to be moved. Positive n indicates the standard form is a large number.
Negative n indicates a number between zero and one.
Example 1 : Convert 1,500,000 to scientific notation.
We move the decimal point so that there is only
one digit to its left, a total of 6 places.
,
1,500,000 = 1.5 x l o6
Example 2: Convert 0.000025 to scientific notation.
For this, we move the decimal point 5 places to the
right.
0.000025 = 2.5 x 105
(Note that when a number starts out less than one,
the exponent is always negative.)
Convert the following to scientific notation.
Convert the following to standard notation.
5. 2,2x105 = 10. 4x100 =
chemistry IF8766 8
@lnstructlonal Fair, Inc.
55
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Math Handbook Transparency Masters Chemistry: Matter and Change 93
Addition and Subtraction
Before numbers in scientific notation can be added or
subtracted, the exponents must be equal.
(3.4 10
2
) (4.57 10
3
) (0.34 10
3
) (4.57 10
3
)
Not equal Equal
The decimal is moved
to the left to increase
the exponent.
(0.34 4.57) 10
3
4.91 10
3
Multiplication
When numbers in scientific notation are multiplied, only the
number is multiplied. The exponents are added.
(2.00 10
3
)(4.00 10
4
) (2.00)(4.00) 10
34
8.00 10
7
Division
When numbers in scientific notation are divided, only the
number is divided. The exponents are subtracted.
10
74
6.00 10
3
9.60 10
7
1.60 10
4
9.60
1.60

Name Date Class


Operations with Scientific
Notation
Operations with Scientific
Notation
MATH HANDBOOK TRANSPARENCY MASTER
Use with Appendix B,
Operations with
Scientific Notation
2
57
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94 Chemistry: Matter and Change Math Handbook Transparency Worksheets
1. Perform the following operations and express the answers in scientific notation.
a. (1.2 10
5
) (5.35 10
6
)
(1.2 10
5
) (5.35 10
6
) (0.12 10
6
) (5.35 10
6
) (0.12 5.35) 10
6
5.47 10
6
b. (6.91 10
2
) (2.4 10
3
)
(6.91 10
2
) (2.4 10
3
) (6.91 10
2
) (0.24 10
2
)
(6.91 0.24) 10
2
7.15 10
2
c. (9.70 10
6
) (8.3 10
5
)
(9.70 10
6
) (8.3 10
5
) (9.70 10
6
) (0.83 10
6
) (9.70 0.83) 10
6
10.53 10
6
1.053 10
7
d. (3.67 10
2
) (1.6 10
1
)
(3.67 10
2
) (1.6 10
1
) (3.67 10
2
) (0.16 10
2
) (3.67 0.16) 10
2
3.51 10
2
e. (8.41 10
5
) (7.9 10
6
)
(8.41 10
5
) (7.9 10
6
) (8.41 10
5
) (0.79 10
5
)
(8.41 0.79) 10
5
7.62 10
5
f. (1.33 10
5
) (4.9 10
4
)
(1.33 10
5
) (4.9 10
4
) (1.33 10
5
) (0.49 10
5
) (1.33 0.49) 10
5
0.84 10
5
8.4 10
4
2. Perform the following operations and express the answers in scientific notation.
a. (4.3 10
8
) (2.0 10
6
)
(4.3 10
8
) (2.0 10
6
) (4.3)(2.0) 10
8 6
8.6 10
14
b. (6.0 10
3
) (1.5 10
2
)
(6.0 10
3
) (1.5 10
2
) (6.0)(1.5) 10
3 (2)
9.0 10
1
c. (1.5 10
2
) (8.0 10
1
)
(1.5 10
2
) (8.0 10
1
) (1.5)(8.0) 10
2 (1)
12.00 10
3
1.2 10
2
d.
7.8 10
3
/
1.2 10
4
7.8
/
1.2 10
3 4
6.5 10
1
e.
8.1 10
2
/
9.0 10
2
8.1
/
9.0 10
2 2
0.90 10
4
9.0 10
5
f.
6.48 10
5
/
(2.4 10
4
)(1.8 10
2
) 6.48
/
(2.4)(1.8) 10
5 4 (2)
1.5 10
3
6.48 10
5

(2.4 10
4
)(1.8 10
2
)
8.1 10
2

9.0 10
2
7.8 10
3

1.2 10
4
Name Date Class
Operations with Scientific
Notation
Operations with Scientific
Notation
MATH HANDBOOK TRANSPARENCY WORKSHEET
Use with Appendix B,
Operations with
Scientific Notation
2
58

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