PARTS OF SPEECH

This is a summary of the 8 parts of speech.

part of
speech
function or "job" example words example sentences
Verb action or state
(to) be, have, do, like,
work, sing, can, must
EnglishClub.com is a web site. I like
EnglishClub.com.
Noun thing or person
pen, dog, work, music,
town, London, teacher,
John
This is my dog. He lives in my house.
We live in London.
Adjective describes a noun
a/an, the, 2, some, good,
big, red, well,
interesting
I have two dogs. My dogs are big. I
like big dogs.
Adverb
describes a verb, adjective
or adverb
quickly, silently, well,
badly, very, really
My dog eats quickly. When he is very
hungry, he eats really quickly.
Pronoun replaces a noun I, you, he, she, some Tara is Indian. She is beautiful.
Preposition
links a noun to another
word
to, at, after, on, but We went to school on Monday.
Conjunction
joins clauses or sentences
or words
and, but, when
I like dogs and I like cats. I like cats
and dogs. I like dogs but I don't like
cats.
Interjection
short exclamation,
sometimes inserted into a
sentence
oh!, ouch!, hi!, well
Ouch! That hurts! Hi! How are you?
Well, I don't know.

Word Study
Exercise 1: Now, please identify these bolded word into its parts of speech. No 1 is done for you.
1. The shop opens at 9 a.m. (Verb )
2. The event is open to those who want give a charity. ( )
3. Dont touch it. It will harm you. ( )
4. She is very nice girl. ( )
5. Hi. Nice to meet you. ( )
6. I have never seen her before. ( )
7. The atmosphere is so hollow. ( )
8. In the Halloween party, the people are wearing the scary make-up and clothes. ( )
9. This school is led by a headmaster. ( )
10. This handicraft costs much. ( )
11. The cost of this bag is Rp 200.000,- ( )




Exercise 2: Change into appropriate word forms. No.1 is done for you.
No. Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
1 nature naturalize natural naturally
2 symbol symbolize Symbolic symbolically
3 Creation/creativity Create creative creatively
4 Public/publishing publish public publicly
5 Industry Industrialize industrious industriously
6 beauty beautify Beautiful beautifully
7 Difference differentiate Different Differently
8 Danger endanger dangerous dangerously
9 Person personalize Personal Personally
10 ease Ease Easy easily

Exercise 3: Choose the correct word form to fit into each sentence.
1. purchase, to purchase, purchasing
a. The power of the dollar is less than it was ten years ago.
b. I am going anything without thinking it over carefully because I did not get a salary increase this
year.
c. It was an expensive , but we had to have it.
2. growth, grow, grown-up
a. I was so surprised that he had a daughter because he still looked young.
b. If you have an unusual , you should see the doctor at once.
c. What do you want to be when you ?
3. importance, important, importantly
a. Most , you should study hard.
b. Do you realize the of working hard?
c. Miss Santi has three appointments tomorrow.
4. height, high, highly
a. What is the of that building?
b. Put the medicine on a shelf so the children cant reach it.
c. I think very of Mrs. Ani.
5. selection, select, selective
a. The best department stores have a wide of merchandise.
b. You can what you want quickly and easily.
c. The best shoppers are quite . They examine the merchandise carefully before making a purchase.






GRAMMAR AND USAGE

I. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
It is used to talk about:
a. Things that happen habitually or repeatedly, e.g. The earth goes around the sun.
b. Facts, or general truths that stay the same or for a long time, e.g. I live in Central Java.
c. Feelings, verbs expressing emotional states, e.g. I like, I want.
d. Mental perceptions, e..g. I think, I know.

Exercise 1: Underline the correct answers in parentheses by using the simple present tense.
1. They (make/making/are made) their living mainly from agriculture.
2. Cultivating rice or tobacco (has been/had been/is) common to farmers in Java.
3. Tourists can (visit/visited/be visited) Borobudur throughout the year.
4. The park (is comprising/comprises/has comprised) a wide grassy area, trees, and plants.
5. The reconstruction centre (consisting/consist/consists) of a laboratory and workshops.

Exercise 2: Use simple present of the verbs in parentheses.
1. Diane (wash) her hair every other day or so.
2. Kathy usually (sit) in the front row during the class.
3. (lock, you, always) the door of the apartment when you leave?
4. Every morning, the sun (shine) in my bedroom window.
5. The assignment is too difficult. Andi (understand, not) it.

II. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
It is used to talk about past events.
a. It is used for actions completed in the past at a definite time
e.g: I met him yesterday
b. The action clearly took place at a definite point of time in the past even though the time is not
mentioned.
e.g: I bought this car in Ohio.
c. It is also used for a past habit.
e.g.: He always carried an umbrella.
They never drank wine.
The simple past tense is formed by adding the suffix-ed to the verb base, while for the irregular verb it
should be learnt by heart.

Exercise 3: Supply the following sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in bracket.
1. My father me that he had given up smoking. (tell)
2. Susan late because she had an accident. (be)
3. The money he was later found in the garden. (steal)
4. Robert was treated like a slave, so he . (resign)
5. My mother to fan the fire, but it burnt out. (try)
6. Last year I one week in my hometown, Pati. (spend)
7. A lamb, which was drinking at a stream, a wolf. (see)
8. The secretary the Governor that a strike was taking place. (notify)
9. He fell from a tree. Luckily, he himself. (hurt, not)
10. what she just said? (hear, you)

III. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
It can be indicated by the use of WILL or BE GOING TO
a. It is used for expressing PREDICTION --- either will or be going to is used.
e.g.:
According to the weather report, it will be cloudy tomorrow.
According to the weather report, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow.
Be careful! Youll hurt yourself!
Watch out! Youre going to hurt yourself!
b. It is used for expressing a PRIOR PLAN --- only be going to is used.
e.g.:
A: Why did you buy this paint?
B: Im going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
I talked to Bb yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. Hes going to buy a car.
c. It is used for expressing WILLINGNESS ---only will is used.
e.g.:
A: The phone is ringing.
B: Ill get it.
X: I dont understand this problem.
Y: Ask your teacher about it. Shell help you.

Exercise 4: Use BE GOING TO if you think the speaker is expressing a prior plan. If you think
there is no prior plan (willingness), use WILL
1. A: The light doesnt work. The bulb is probably burnt out. Where are the new light bulbs?
B: I (get) it.
2. A: Its cold here.
B: I agree. I (turn) the heater on.
3. A: I (enroll) in the community college next spring
B: Oh. I didnt know you wanted to go back to school.
4. A: Brrrr. Who turned up the air conditioner? Its really cold
B: I (make) you a hot cup of tea.
5. A: What do you want to be when you grow up?
B: I (be) an astronaut.