Engineering Mathematics 2

INTEGRAL CALCULUS OF ONE VARIABLE

Integration By Completing of Squares

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QA 2.6.3(i)

Step 1 Given
⌠
 1 − 2x
I= dx ;adjust the numerator
2
 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡
⌠
 1 − 2( x + 1 − 1)
I= dx
2
 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡

⌠
 3 − 2⋅ ( x + 1)
I= dx ;reduce
2
 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡

⌠
 3 2⋅ ( x + 1)
I= − dx use #33.1, 2.2
2 2
 ( x + 1) − 4 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡
x + 1 − 4
 − ln( x + 1) − 4 + k
1 2
I = 3⋅ ⋅ ln
2⋅ 4 x + 1 + 4

⋅ ln
3 x − 1
I=  − ln[ ( x − 1 ) ⋅ ( x + 3 ) ] + k
4  x + 3 ;K is a constant

;ans
If further simplication is require here the
working ...

3 3
I= ⋅ ln( x − 1 ) − ⋅ ln( x + 3 ) − ln( x + 1 ) − ln( x + 3 ) + K
4 4
−1 7
I= ⋅ ln( x − 1 ) − ⋅ ln( x + 3 ) + k
4 4

QA 2.6.3(ii)
Step 1 Given
⌠
 3 − 2x
I= dx ;adjust the numerator
2
 ( x − 1) + 1
⌡

⌠
 3 − 2( x − 1 + 1)
I= dx
2
 ( x − 1) + 1
⌡

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 Engineering Mathematics 2

⌠
 1 − 2⋅ ( x − 1)
I= dx ;reduce
2
 ( x − 1) + 1
⌡

⌠
 1 2⋅ ( x + 1)
I= − dx use #33.1, 2.2
2 2
 ( x − 1) + 1 ( x − 1) + 1
⌡

I = atan( x − 1 ) − ln( x + 1 ) + 1 + K

2
;K is a constant

;ans

QA 2.6.3(iii)

Step 1 Given

⌠
 2⋅ x − 3
I= dx ;adjust the numerator
2
 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡
⌠
 2⋅ ( x + 1 − 1) − 3
I= dx
2
 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡

⌠
 2⋅ ( x + 1) − 5
I= dx ;reduce
2
 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡

⌠
 2⋅ ( x + 1) 5
I= − dx use #2.2, 33.1
2 2
 ( x + 1) − 4 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡

 1 x + 1 − 4 
I = ln( x + 1 ) − 4 − 5 ⋅ 
2
⋅ ln  + K ;K is a constant
 2 ⋅ 4 x + 1 + 4 

5  ( x − 1) 
I = ln[ ( x + 3 ) ⋅ ( x − 1) ] − ⋅ ln +K
4  ( x + 3)  ;ans

QA 2.6.3(iv)
Step 1 Given

⌠
 x
I= dx ;denominator: COS
2
 x + 5⋅ x − 6
⌡ ;apply concept zero to numerator

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 Engineering Mathematics 2

⌠
 5 5
 x+ −
2 2
I= dx
 2 ;reduce
x + 5  49
   −
  2 4
⌡

⌠
 5 5
 x+
2 2
I= − dx use #2.2, 33.1
 2 2
x + 5  49 x + 5  49
   −   −
  2 4  2 4
⌡

 5 49 
1  5 49 5
2
1  x + 2  − 4 
I = ⋅ lnx +  − − ⋅ ⋅ ln +K
2  2 4 2 49 
2⋅ x+ +
5 49 
4  2 4 

I=
1 ( 2
⋅ ln x + 5 ⋅ x − 6 −
5
⋅ ln )
x − 1 + K

;K is a constant
2 14  x + 6  ;ans

Further simplication is suggested:

1 1 5 5
I= ⋅ ln( x − 1 ) + ⋅ ln( x + 6 ) − ⋅ ln( x − 1 ) + ⋅ ln( x + 6) + K
2 2 14 14

1 6
I= ⋅ ln( x − 1 ) + ⋅ ln( x + 6 ) + K
7 7

QA 2.6.3(v)
Step 1 Given

⌠
 1 − 2x
I= dx ;denominator: COS
2
 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡ ;apply concept zero to numerator

⌠
 1 − 2( x + 1 − 1)
I= dx
2
 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡
⌠
 3 − 2( x + 1)
I= dx
2 ;reduce
 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡

⌠
 3 2( x + 1)
I= − dx ;use #33, 2
2 2
 ( x + 1) − 4 ( x + 1) − 4
⌡
x + 1 − 4
 − ln( x + 1) − 4 + K
1 2
I = 3⋅ ⋅ ln
2⋅ 4 x + 1 + 4

3  ( x − 1) 
I= ⋅ ln  − ln[ ( x + 3 ) ⋅ ( x − 1 ) ] + K
4  ( x + 3) 

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 Engineering Mathematics 2

3 3
I= ⋅ ln( x − 1 ) − ⋅ ln( x + 3 ) − ln( x + 3 ) − ln( x + 1 ) + K
4 4
−1 7
I= ⋅ ln( x − 1 ) − ⋅ ln( x + 3 ) + K
4 4 ;where K is a constant
;ans

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