LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTAL

Question 1
class MCZ11 {
public static void main (String[] args) {
char a = '\c'; // 1
char b = '\r'; // 2
char c = '\"'; // 3
char d = '\b'; // 4
char e = '\''; // 5
}}
A compile-time error is generated at which line?
a.  1
b.  2
c.  3
d.  4
e.  5
f.  None of the above

Solution:
The escape sequences are as follows: '\b' (backspace), '\f' (formfeed), '\n'
1
(newline), '\r' (carriage return), '\t' (horizontal tab), '\\' (backslash), '\"' (double
a   
quote), '\'' (single quote). Yes, you must memorize the escape sequences! Just
remember "big farms need red tractors".  

Question 2
class GFM11{
public static void main (String[] args) {
int x,y,z;
System.out.println(x+y+z);
}}
What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?
a.  Prints nothing.
b.  Prints an undefined value.
c.  Prints: null
d.  Prints: 0
e.  Run-time error
f.  Compile-time error
g.  None of the above

Solution:
Variables declared inside of a block or method are called local
Compile- variables; they are not automatically initialized. The compiler will
f 
time error  generate an error as a result of the attempt to access the local variables
before a value has been assigned.  
Question 3
class MCZ27 {
public static void main (String[] args) {
char a = '\f'; // 1
char b = '\n'; // 2
char c = '\r'; // 3
char d = '\l'; // 4
char e = '\\'; // 5
}}
A compile-time error is generated at which line?
a.  1
b.  2
c.  3
d.  4
e.  5
f.  None of the above

Solution:
The escape sequences are as follows: '\b' (backspace), '\f' (formfeed), '\n'
4
(newline), '\r' (carriage return), '\t' (horizontal tab), '\\' (backslash), '\"' (double
d   
quote), '\'' (single quote). Yes, you must memorize the escape sequences! Just
remember "big farms need red tractors".  

Question 4
class GRC4 {public static void main(String[] args) {}} // 1
class GRC5 {public static void main(String []args) {}} // 2
class GRC6 {public static void main(String args[]) {}} // 3

What is the result of attempting to compile and run the above programs?

a.  Compile-time error at line 1.

b.  Compile-time error at line 2.
c.  Compile-time error at line 3.
d.  An attempt to run GRC4 from the command line fails.
e.  An attempt to run GRC5 from the command line fails.
f.  An attempt to run GRC6 from the command line fails.
g.  None of the above

Solution:
Section 12.1.4 of the Java Language Specification requires that the main
method must accept a single argument that is an array of components of
None
type String. In each of the three class declarations, the single argument is
g  of the
indeed an array of components of type String. Please note that the square
above 
brackets within an array declaration may appear as part of the type or part
of the declarator (i.e. array name).  

Question 5
class MCZ28 {
public static void main (String[] args) {
char a = '\b'; // 1
char b = '\d'; // 2
char c = '\f'; // 3
char d = '\t'; // 4
char e = '\"'; // 5
}}
A compile-time error is generated at which line?
a.  1
b.  2
c.  3
d.  4
e.  5
f.  None of the above

Solution:
The escape sequences are as follows: '\b' (backspace), '\f' (formfeed), '\n'
2
(newline), '\r' (carriage return), '\t' (horizontal tab), '\\' (backslash), '\"' (double
b   
quote), '\'' (single quote). Yes, you must memorize the escape sequences! Just
remember "big farms need red tractors".  

Question 6
class GRC7 {public void main(String[] args) {}} // 1
class GRC8 {public void main(String []args) {}} // 2
class GRC9 {public void main(String args[]) {}} // 3

What is the result of attempting to compile and run the above programs?

a.  Compile-time error at line 1.

b.  Compile-time error at line 2.
c.  Compile-time error at line 3.
d.  An attempt to run GRC7 from the command line fails.
e.  An attempt to run GRC8 from the command line fails.
f.  An attempt to run GRC9 from the command line fails.

Solution:
An attempt to run GRC7 from the Section 12.1.4 of the JLS requires the
d  command line fails.  An attempt to main method to be declared static. In this
e  run GRC8 from the command line example, each of the three main methods
f  fails.  An attempt to run GRC9 from are not declared static. The result is an
the command line fails.  error at run-time.  

Question 7
class MCZ29 {
public static void main (String[] args) {
 char a = '\a'; // 1
char b = '\b'; // 2
char c = '\f'; // 3
char d = '\n'; // 4
char e = '\r'; // 5
}}
A compile-time error is generated at which line?
a.  1
b.  2
c.  3
d.  4
e.  5
f.  None of the above

Solution:
The escape sequences are as follows: '\b' (backspace), '\f' (formfeed), '\n'
1
(newline), '\r' (carriage return), '\t' (horizontal tab), '\\' (backslash), '\"' (double
a   
quote), '\'' (single quote). Yes, you must memorize the escape sequences! Just
remember "big farms need red tractors".  

Question 8
class MCZ30 {
public static void main (String[] args) {
char a = '\t'; // 1
char b = '\\'; // 2
char c = '\?'; // 3
char d = '\"'; // 4
char e = '\''; // 5
}}
A compile-time error is generated at which line?
a.  1
b.  2
c.  3
d.  4
e.  5
f.  None of the above

Solution:
The escape sequences are as follows: '\b' (backspace), '\f' (formfeed), '\n'
3
(newline), '\r' (carriage return), '\t' (horizontal tab), '\\' (backslash), '\"' (double
c   
quote), '\'' (single quote). Yes, you must memorize the escape sequences! Just
remember "big farms need red tractors".  

Question 9
Which of these words belongs to the set of Java keywords?
a.  qualified
b.  Record
c.  Repeat
d.  restricted
e.  Label
f.  To
g.  Type
h.  Until
i.  Value
j.  virtual
k.  Xor
l.  None of the above

Solution:
None of the All of these are keywords of the Pascal programming language, but
l 
above  none are Java keywords.  

Question 10
class JJF1 {
public static void main (String args[]) {
System.out.print(Byte.MIN_VALUE+",");
System.out.print(Byte.MAX_VALUE);
}}

What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?

a.  Prints: 0,255

b.  Prints: 0,256
c.  Prints: -127,128
d.  Prints: -128,127
e.  Compile-time error
f.  Run-time error
g.  None of the above

Solution:
Prints: A byte is an 8 bit signed value; so the minimum byte value is -(2 )
7

d 
-128,127  and the maximum value is (2 - 1).  
7

Question 11
class GRC1 {public static void main(String[] args) {}} // 1
class GRC2 {protected static void main(String[] args) {}} // 2
class GRC3 {private static void main(String[] args) {}} // 3
What is the result of attempting to compile each of the three class declarations and invoke
each main method from the command line?

a.  Compile-time error at line 1.

b.  Compile-time error at line 2.
c.  Compile-time error at line 3.
d.  An attempt to run GRC1 from the command line fails.
e.  An attempt to run GRC2 from the command line fails.
f.  An attempt to run GRC3 from the command line fails.

Solution:
Section 12.1.4 of the JLS requires the main method to be
An attempt to run
declared public. The main methods of GRC2 and GRC3
GRC2 from the
are not declared public and can not be invoked from the
e  command line fails. 
command line using a JVM that is compliant with section
f  An attempt to run
12.1.4. Not every JVM enforces the rule. Even so, for the
GRC3 from the
purposes of the SCJP exam, the main method should be
command line fails. 
declared as required by the JLS.  

Question 12
class JJF2 {
public static void main (String args[]) {
System.out.print(Short.MIN_VALUE+",");
System.out.print(Short.MAX_VALUE);
}}

What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?

a.  Prints: -32767,32768

b.  Prints: -32768,32767
c.  Prints: 0,65535
d.  Prints: 0,65536
e.  Compile-time error
f.  Run-time error
g.  None of the above

Solution:
Prints: A short is a 16 bit signed value; so the minimum short value is -
b 
-32768,32767  (2 ) and the maximum value is (2 - 1).  
15 15

Question 13
class JJF3 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.print(Integer.toBinaryString(Byte.MAX_VALUE)+",");
System.out.print(Integer.toOctalString(Byte.MAX_VALUE)+",");
System.out.print(Integer.toString(Byte.MAX_VALUE)+",");
System.out.print(Integer.toHexString(Byte.MAX_VALUE));
}}
What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?

a.  Prints: 1111111,177,127,7f

b.  Prints: 11111111,377,256,ff
c.  Compile-time error
d.  Run-time error
e.  None of the above

Solution:
A byte is an 8 bit signed value. The left most bit is the sign
bit. The sign bit is set to zero for positive numbers and is set
to one for negative numbers. The most positive byte value is
represented as a sign bit that is set to zero and all of the other
bits set to one. The Integer.toBinaryString method does not
print leading zeros; so only seven bits are printed. An eight bit
binary value is represented as three octal digits. The first of
Prints: the three digits represents the left most two bits of the binary
a  1111111,177,127,7 value. In this case, the left most two bits are zero and one. The
f  second octal digit represents the next three bits of the binary
value. The last of the octal digits represents the right most
three bits of binary value. Note that the Integer.toOctalString
method does not print a leading zero as is required for an octal
literal value. An eight bit binary value is represented as two
hexadecimal digits. The left hex digit represents the left most
four bits of the binary value. The right hex digit represents the
right most four bits of the binary value.  

Question 14
class JJF4 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.print(Long.toHexString(Byte.MAX_VALUE)+",");
System.out.print(Long.toHexString(Character.MAX_VALUE)+",");
System.out.print(Long.toHexString(Short.MAX_VALUE));
}}
What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?
a.  Prints: f,ff,7f
b.  Prints: f,ff,ff
c.  Prints: 7f,ffff,7fff
d.  Prints: ff,ffff,ffff
e.  Prints: 7fff,ffffff,7fffff
f.  Prints: ffff,ffffff,ffffff
g.  Compile-time error
h.  Run-time error
i.  None of the above

Solution:
c  Prints: A byte is an 8 bit signed value. A char is a 16 bit unsigned value. A
7f,ffff,7fff  short is a 16 bit signed value. The left most bit of a signed value is the
sign bit. The sign bit is zero for positive numbers and one for negative
numbers. The maximum byte value in hexadecimal format is 7f and in
 decimal format is 127. The minimum byte value in hexadecimal format
is 80 and in decimal format is -128. The byte value of decimal -1 is ff
in hexadecimal.  

Question 15
class JJF5 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.print(Integer.toHexString(Integer.MIN_VALUE)+",");
System.out.print(Integer.toHexString(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
}}

What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?

a.  Prints: 0000,ffff

b.  Prints: 00000000,ffffffff
c.  Prints: 7fff,8000
d.  Prints: 8000,7fff
e.  Prints: 7fffffff,80000000
f.  Prints: 80000000,7fffffff
g.  Compile-time error
h.  Run-time error
i.  None of the above

Solution:
An int is a 32 bit signed value. The left most bit is the sign bit.
Prints:
f  The sign bit is zero for positive numbers and one for negative
80000000,7fffffff 
numbers.  

Question 16
Which of these words belong to the set of Java keywords?

a.  transient
b.  serializable
c.  runnable
d.  Run
e.  volatile
f.  externalizable
g.  cloneable

Solution:
Serializable, Runnable, Externalizable, and Cloneable are all
a  transient 
interfaces. Thread.run is a method. The keywords transient and volatile
e  volatile 
are field modifiers.  

Question 17
class GFM12 {
static int x; // 1
public static void main(String[] args) { // 2
int y; // 3
System.out.println("x="+x); // 4
System.out.println("y="+y); // 5
}}What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?
a.  Compile-time error at line 1.
b.  Compile-time error at line 2.
c.  Compile-time error at line 3.
d.  Compile-time error at line 4.
e.  Compile-time error at line 5.
f.  Run-time error
g.  None of the above

Solution:
Compile-time The local variable y has not been initialized so the attempt to
e 
error at line 5.  access the variable results in a compile-time error.  

Question 18
class GFM13 {
static byte a; static short b; static char c;
static int d; static long e; static String s;
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(a+b+c+d+e+s);
}}

What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?

a.  Prints: 00000null

b.  Prints: 00000
c.  Prints: 0null
d.  Prints: 0
e.  Prints: null
f.  Compile-time error
g.  Run-time error
h.  None of the above

Solution:
Prints: The numeric sum of variables a, b, c, d and e is zero. The zero is
c 
0null  converted to a String and concatenated with s.  

Question 19
class GFM14 {
static byte a; static short b; static char c;
static int d; static long e; static String s;
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(a+","+b+","+(int)c+","+d+","+e+","+s);
}}
What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?
a.  Prints: 0,0,0,0,0,null
b.  Prints: 0,0,0,0,0,
c.  Prints: 0,0, ,0,0,
d.  Compile-time error
e.  Run-time error
f.  None of the above

Solution:
Prints: The default value of type char is the null character. When it is cast
a 
0,0,0,0,0,null  to an int the value is interpreted as zero.  

Question 20
class GFM15 {
static int a; static float b; static double c;
static boolean d; static String s;
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(a+","+b+","+c+","+d+","+s);
}}

What is the result of attempting to compile and run the program?

a.  Prints: 0,0,0,false,null

b.  Prints: 0,0,0,false,
c.  Prints: 0,0.0,0.0,false,null
d.  Prints: 0,0.0,0.0,false,
e.  Prints: 0,0.0,0.0,true,null
f.  Prints: 0,0.0,0.0,true,
g.  Prints: 0,0,0,true,null
h.  Prints: 0,0,0,true,
i.  Compile-time error
j.  Run-time error
k.  None of the above

Solution:
Generally speaking, numeric type variables are initialized to
Prints:
c  zero. Primitive boolean variables are initialized to false.
0,0.0,0.0,false,null 
Reference type variables are initialized to null.  

Question 21
Which of these words belong to the set of Java keywords?

a.  Virtual
b.  Goto
c.  ifdef
d.  typedef
e.  friend
f.  struct
g.  implements
h.  union
i.  const

Solution:
The words virtual, ifdef, typedef, friend, struct and union are all
b  goto 
words related to the C programming language. Although the words
g  implements 
const and goto are also related to the C programming language,
i  const 
they are also Java keywords.  

Question 22
Which of these lists contains at least one word that is not a Java keyword?

a.  abstract, default, if, private, this

b.  do, implements, protected, boolean, throw
c.  case, extends, int, short, try
d.  import, break, double, exception, throws
e.  byte, else, instanceof, return, transient
f.  None of the above
Solution:
import, break, double, The word exception is not a Java keyword. The words
d 
exception, throws  import, break, double and throws are Java keywords.  

Question 23
Which of these lists contains at least one word that is not a Java keyword?

a.  interface, static, void, catch, final

b.  char, strictfp, finally, long, volatile
c.  native, super, class, float, while
d.  const, for, new, switch, import
e.  continue, finalize, goto, package, synchronized
f.  None of the above

Solution:
continue, finalize, The word finalize is the name of a method of the Object
e  goto, package, class: It is not a keyword. The words continue, goto,
synchronized  package and synchronized are all Java keywords.  

Question 24
class Identifiers {
int i1; // 1
 int _i2; // 2
int i_3; // 3
int #i4; // 4
int $i5; // 5
int %i6; // 6
int i$7; // 7
int 8i; // 8
}

Compile-time errors are generated at which lines?

a.  1
b.  2
c.  3
d.  4
e.  5
f.  6
g.  7
h.  8

Solution:
4 
The first letter of an identifier can be any Unicode JLS 3.1 character that is a
d 
6  Java letter. The first letter can not be a number. For historical reasons, the
f 
dollar sign $ and underscore _ are considered Java letters along with many
h 
8  currency symbols in use in the world today.