Business Communication

Sec- F
A report on Pulses
Submitted to:
Kashfa Sultana
Faculty, AIUB
Submitted By:
Name ID No
Sariar !d" !otasim #$-%&'$(-%
Date o) submission
!ay #$, %*#&
+,--,. /F -.ANS!I--A+
13
th
May, 2014
Kashfia Sultana
Faclty, American International University, Banla!esh
Sub: Prayer for accepting a report on Pulses
"ear Ma!am,
#nclose! is the $ro$osal re$ort entitle! Pulses% &his re$ort !iscusses a'out various ty$es of
$ulses an! com$arison of them in term of $rice, $o$ularity, an! sales 'enefit%
&he ma(ority of the research for this re$ort )as o'taine! from 'uyers an! sellers of $ulses
in!ustry% &his re$ort a!!resses all the im$ortant consi!erations that any $otential consumer
)oul! have )hen $urchasin $ulses%
&han* you for all of your consi!eration an! assistance in $uttin this re$ort toether%
Sincerely,
Shahriar M!% Mohtasim
I"+ 13+24,3-+2
#nclosure. Final re$ort on /0ulses1


0/N-,N-S
Pa1e 2 %
Letter of transmittal.....................................................................2
Contents......................................................................................3
List of Illustrations.....................................................................4
Abstract....................................................................................... 4
Introduction.................................................................................5
Pulses..........................................................................................
Im!ortance...................................................................................
"#!es of !ulses..........................................................................
Chic$!ea...................................................................................%
Pi&eon!ea.................................................................................%
'rad bean.................................................................................. (
)ed $idne# bean........................................................................(
*un& bean................................................................................(
)ed lentil................................................................................... +
,istor# of Pulses..........................................................................+
Area- !roduction and #ield of ma.or !ulse cro!s &ro/in& countries
in the 0orld.............................................................................12
Pulses in Ban&ladesh..................................................................13
0h# eat !ulses3.......................................................................14
0ho should eat !ulses3............................................................1
,o/ man# !ulses should I eat3.................................................1%
Pa1e 2 $
"he !otential to &ro/...............................................................1%
Soils and climate........................................................................1+
)ecommendations......................................................................22
)454)46C4S...............................................................................22
+IS- /F I++US-.A-I/NS
&a'le 01. 2ist of various ty$es of 0ulses 3
-able *%: Price o) pulses in ma4or pulse producin1 countries
in te 5orld"
#%
&a'le 03. Area un!er 0ulses from 2000+03 #$
&a'le 04. Most $o$ular ty$es of $ulses in Banla!esh
#$
Bar "iaram 01. &otal area, $ro!uction an! ro)in country in the 4orl!% ##
Bar "iaram 02. 5ountry )ise area an! $ro!uction of $ulses in the )orl!
is re$resente! in
##
Bar "iaram 03. 0ro!uctivity of ma(or $ulse $ro!ucin countries in the
4orl!%
#%
ABS-.A0-
0ulses are incre!i'ly $o$ular all aroun! the lo'e% It has 'ecome a $art an! $arcel of )orl!
economy an! !aily necessity of millions of consumers% Almost all the countries in this )orl! are
Pa1e 2 &
some)hat relate! to cultivation of $ulses% In Banla!esh, it is also a very essential element in our
!aily life%
Some of the very first cro$s cultivate! 'y human 'eins )ere $ulses + humans have 'een
ro)in $ulses for 1000s of years% Banla!eshis consume $ulses )hole or as se$arate! see!s
6calle! !als7% 0ulses are usually most nutritional )hen consume! an! also a rain or cereal to
ive a oo! source of methionine, the level of )hich is lo) in $ulses% For e8am$le, rice is often
eaten )ith !al, 'a*e! 'eans alon )ith 'rea!, an! so on% &he information in my re$ort is 'ase!
on each each of the $o$ular varities of $ulses an! )hat facts an! 'enefits they contain% I )ill
conclu!e the re$ort )ith any recommen!ations that are for or aainst each ty$es of $ulses )hen
!eterminin ho) much !eman! they have in the mar*et%
IN-./DU0-I/N
0ulses ten! to 'e an e8ce$tionally healthy foo! !ue to their hih $rotein content relative to other
veeta'les% &heir a!!itional nutritional 'enefits consist of $rovi!in a source of com$le8
car'ohy!rates, im$ortant vitamins an! minerals such as folate an! iron, an! antio8i!ants%
In!ivi!uals eat the $ulses see!s )hole, !ehulle! or even as a flour% 0ulses contain as much as
29: necessary $rotein, no cholesterol an! virtually no fat, in contrast to meat, $oultry, fish an!
es%
0ulses inclu!e t)ice the amount of $roteins that other cereals an! rains !o% &his is 'ecause of
the e8ce$tional ca$a'ility of leuminous $lants to fi8 atmos$heric nitroen in the soil% 2eume
$lants have a very sym'iotic relationshi$ )ith 'acteria *no)n as rhi;o'ia that live in their root
no!ules% &hese ty$es of 'acteria ta*e nitroen, an essential $lant nutrient, from the air an!
convert this to a form usa'le throuh $lants% &his $ermits leumes to ro) in soil that is lo) in
nitroen material an!, in fact, to inclu!e nitroen to the soil%
&he re$ort /0ulses1 $resents the com$rehensive analysis of various ty$es of $ulses, its
a!vantaes, $rice, !eman! overvie) an! also its com$etitive scenario in Banla!esh% &he
information enclose! is inten!e! to e8$lain an! inform consumers of their o$tions )hen
choosin amon various ty$es of $ulses%
Pa1e 2 6
PU+S,S
0ulses are the see!s of $articular $lants of the leume family + $lants, )hich $ro!uce see!s, or
rains that !evelo$ )ithin $o!s, such as lentils, 'eans, $eas an! chic*$eas% 0ulses are usually
leume cro$s )hich are ro)n for their !ry see!s to 'e use! as foo! or even rain% &he Foo! an!
Aricultural <rani;ation !efinition of $ulses e8clu!es see!s $ro!uce! as oil see!s 6roun! nut,
soya'ean7 or even use! as fresh veeta'les 6reen $eas7%
I!P/.-AN0,
0ulses are use! as "al, )hich is a chea$ source of $lant $roteins% &hey are
consume! !ue to 'o!y 'uil!in $ro$erties 'ecause of $resence of various amino
aci!s% &hese also $rovi!e me!icinal attri'utes% By $ro!ucts of $ulses such as leaves, $o!
coats an! 'ran are fe! to animals 'y means of !ry fo!!er% Some $ulse cro$s such as
=ram, 2o'ia, Ur!'ean > Moon'ean are fe! to animals as reen fo!!er% Moon
$lants are use! as reen manure that enhance soil health an! a!!s nutrient
into the soil%
-7P,S /F PU+S,S
&here are several varieties of $ulses, most of them locally $ro!uce! an! consume!% &he three
most $o$ular cro$s are chic*$ea, re! lentil, mun 'ean an! re! *i!ney 'ean%
Scientific name English names Popular names
Cicer arietinum chic*$ea ? 'enal ram ? ar'an;o 'ean chana
Cajanus cajan $ieon$ea ? re! ram toor ? arhar
Pa1e 2 8
Vigna unguiculata co)$ea ? 'lac*eye! $ea lo'iya
Vigna mungo ura! 'ean ? 'lac* lentil ? 'lac* ram ura!
Phaseolus vulgaris re! *i!ney 'ean ra(ma
Vigna radiata mun 'ean ? reen ram moon
Lens culinaris re! lentil masoor
&a'le 01. 2ist of various ty$es of 0ulses
09I0:P,A
5hic*$eas 65icer arietinum7 are also calle! 'enal ram an! ar'an;o 'eans% &hey are as )ell
referre! to as chana% &hey are consi!ere! to have oriinate! in south)estern &ur*ey% &hey@re one
of the very first cultivate! $ulses, havin 'een cultivate! for over seven millennia, an! currently
account for almost 40 $er cent of total $ulse $ro!uction% In!ia $rovi!es over 3, $er cent of the
)orl!@s chic*$eas% 5hic*$eas really are a cool season yearly cro$% &hey $ro!uce oo! yiel!s in
!rier con!itions for their heavy ta$ root%
&he t)o $rimary ty$es are !esi an! *a'uli% See!s of the !esi variety ten! to 'e smaller, !ar*er
an! have a rouher coat alon )ith a much hiher fi're content% 5hic*$eas really are a oo!
su$$ly of $rotein, co$$er, folate, $hos$horus, ;inc, manesium, mananese, as )ell as vitamin
B3%
PI;,/NP,A
0ieon$eas 65a(anus ca(an7 are usually *no)n as re! ram, they@re *no)n as toor or arhar%
&hey@re 'elieve! to have oriinate! from AsiaA some s$ecialists 'elieve them to 'e of In!ian
oriin, )hile some 'elieve they oriinate! from the Mi!!le #ast%
&hey@ve 'een cultivate! for more than 3, 000 years, an!, 'esi!es the use of their see!s as a foo!
cro$, the )oo!y stems of the $lant are $recious as fire)oo! an! as fencin an! thatch% &he $lants
are *no)n for their a'ility to ro) in a )i!er selection of soil ty$es than most 'eans%
Pa1e 2 3
0ieon$eas certainly are a oo! source of $roteins, thiamin, manesium, $hos$horus, $otassium,
co$$er, folate as )ell as mananese%
U.AD B,AN
Ura! leumes 6Bina muno7 are *no)n as 'lac* lentils or 'lac* ram% &hey@re also referre! to
as ura!% 4hen )hole, they are also name! 'lac* ram, an! )hen !ehus*e!, they@re calle! )hite
lentils% &hey came from, )ere first !omesticate! in In!ia, an! are $ointe! out in Be!ic te8ts%
Ura! 'eans really are a reat source of $roteins, thiamin, iron, manesium, $hos$horus, co$$er,
an! also mananese%
.,D :IDN,7 B,AN
Ce! *i!ney 'eans 60haseolus vularis7, referre! to as ra(ma, ot the latter name for their
resem'lance to the human *i!ney, 'ecause of their sha$e an! !ar* re! colour%
&he cro$ ha! 'een !omesticate! in South America%
!UN; B,AN
Mun 'eans 6Bina ra!iata7, or reen ram, ten! to 'e *no)n as moon, an! are native to
northeastern In!ia as )ell as Myanmar% &he see! isn@t usually treate! )ith funici!es,
insectici!es or 'acterici!es !ue to the li*elihoo! that the see! itself may 'e ineste!%
Mun 'eans are res$onsive to !uration of !ayliht + shorter !ays hasten flo)erin, $lus loner
!ays !elay it% Mun 'ean comes )ith an ovoi! sha$e an! a reen hus*% <nce it@s 'een !ehus*e!,
it is yello) an! it is calle! moon !al% &he items enerally sol! as /'ean s$routs1 are often mun
'ean s$routs% In #ast Asian coo*in, translucent noo!les an! veeta'le roll )ra$$ins are
$ro!uce! from mun 'ean starch an! flour% Mun 'eans a'solutely are a e8cellent source of
$roteins, thiamin, iron, manesium, $hos$horus, $otassium, co$$er, folate alon )ith
mananese%
.,D +,N-I+
Pa1e 2 '
Ce! lentils 62ens culinaris7, enerally *no)n as masoor, is amon the ol!est cultivate! cro$s%
Duman 'eins for almost nine millennia have ro)n them, ever since the aceramic Eeolithic
$erio!% &hey ro) nicely in $laces )ith limite! rainfall an! tolerate frost )ell% Dih moisture
an! e8treme rainfall encouraes veetative ro)th in the $lant, )hich sto$s oo! yiel!s an! can
re!uce see! Fuality% &he $lant is consi!ere! to 'e native to the Eear #ast% Ce! lentils are sim$ly
re! once they are !ehus*e! + (ust 'efore !ehus*in, they have a 'ro)n s*in% &hey@re an e8cellent
oriin of thiamin, iron, $hos$horus, mananese an! also folate%
9IS-/.7 /F PU+S,S
G0ulse1 is actually a !erivation from the 2atin )or!s $uls or $ultis meanin /thic* sou$1% 0ulse
cro$s ten! to 'e small ho)ever im$ortant mem'ers of the leume family, that contains over 1,
,00 various s$ecies% 0ulse cro$s are !efinitely the see!s of leumes that are utili;e! as foo!, an!
inclu!e $eas, 'eans, lentils, chic*$eas as )ell as fa'a 'eans% 0roof of cultivation of lentils
continues to 'e foun! in the #y$tian $yrami!s an! !ry $ea see!s have 'een notice! in a villae
in S)it;erlan! !atin 'ac* to the Stone Ae% Archaeoloical research sho)s that $eas )ere
ro)n in the eastern Me!iterranean an! also Meso$otamia reions more than 9, 000 years ao
an! in Britain as early as the 11th century%
Pa1e 2 (
0ulses are usually a sinificant source of $rotein, es$ecially in !evelo$in countries% 0ulses
su$$ly a'out 10: of the total nutritional $rotein consume! on the $lanet an! have a'out t)ice
the $rotein content of most cereal rains%
A.,A, P./DU0-I/N AND 7I,+D /F !A</. PU+S, 0./PS ;./5IN;
0/UN-.I,S IN -9, 5/.+D
In the )orl!, $ulses are ro)n 'y 1H1 countries% At triennium en!in 2010+11, the total area
un!er $ulses )as H23 la*h ha% &his area $rovi!e! a'out 344%0, la*h tones of $ulses )ith a
$ro!uctivity of ,-0 * ? ha% &he hihest area )as contri'ute! 'y In!ia 632%24 :7 follo)e! 'y
Eier 6H7, Myanmar 69%337, Bra;il 69%2-7 an! Eieria 64%447% Similarly, the contri'ution to total
$ro!uction 'y In!ia )as 23%43:, 5ana!a H%-3, 5hina H%0-, Myanmar 3%,- an! Bra;il 9%2-% &he
hihest $ro!uctivity )as of France 6421- * ? ha7 follo)e! 'y 5ana!a 61-337, USA 61,,27,
Cussian Fe!eration 613437 an! 5hina 619-37% At triennium en!in 2010, Beans!ry )as cultivate!
'y 120 countries, )hich contri'ute! 3H%33 : area to total )orl! area, 5hic*$ea 'y 92
contri'ute! 19%-9 :, 5o)$ea!ry 'y 33 contri'ute! 19%03 :, 0eas!ry 'y -3 contri'ute! ,%9- :,
0ieon$ea 'y 21 contri'ute! 3%94 :, 2entil 'y 91 contri'ute! 9%13 : > others 11%0H :% &he
share to 4orl! $ro!uction of Beans!ry )as 33%4, : follo)e! 'y 0eas!ry 19%-1, 5hic*$ea 19%91,
5o)$ea!ry ,%49, 0ieon$ea 9%,,, 2entil 9%,H > others 14%-%

Bar "iaram 01
Pa1e 2 #*
Bar "iaram 01 is sho)in $ulse cro$ )ise contri'ution to total area, $ro!uction an! ro)in
country in the 4orl!%
Bar "iaram 02
5ountry )ise area an! $ro!uction of $ulses in the )orl! is re$resente! in Bar "iaram 02%
Bar "iaram 03
Pa1e 2 ##
Bar "iaram 03. 0ro!uctivity of ma(or $ulse $ro!ucin countries in the 4orl!%
&a'le 02. 0rice of $ulses in ma(or $ulse $ro!ucin countries in the 4orl!%
PU+S,S IN BAN;+AD,S9
Pa1e 2 #%
2i*e other countries in this continent, Banla!esh is also a $ulse $ro!ucin country% 0ulses $lay
a vital role in the economy of Banla!esh% #very year lare Fuantity of $ulses is $ro!uce!%
Bello), )e can see an overvie) of $ulses cultivation areas in Banla!esh from 2000+2003%
6Fiures in thousan! hectares7
7ear 8ram *un& Lentil Khes
ari
*ash$al
ai
9ther
s:
"otal
2222;
21
#8"% 6%"8 #8&"& #'3 %3"# %#"# &8'"&
2221;
22
#6"& &6"$ #63 #'#"3 %8"$ %% &&3"3
2222;
23
#6"# &&"$ #6&"# #'6"3 %6"6 %$"8 &&'"$
2223;
24
#$"( &$"8 #6&"' #6("% %6 %&"$ &%*"3
3
2224;
25
#$"# %&"& #6$"( #&'"& %$"% %*"$ $'$"%
'
2225;
2
#%"3 %%"& #$&"3 #%3"& %$"& #8"' $$3"$
3
&a'le 03. Area un!er 0ulses from 2000+03
From the ta'le, )e can see that 2entil an! Khesari cultivation covers most of the farmin areas
of Banla!esh% But Mun is the most $o$ular $ulse of Banla!esh% #ven thouh itIs not
cultivate! li*e the other $ulses, it is im$orte! in a hue amount from Australia an! Ee$al%
Pulses Type
(Mung)
Price (Tk) Consumer
Demand
Sales Benefit
Deshi 92 Moderate High
Australian 98 Low Moderate
Nepali 88 High Moderate
&a'le 04. Most $o$ular ty$es of $ulses in Banla!esh
Pa1e 2 #$
From the ta'le )e can see that amon the 3 ty$es of Mun $ulses, the Australian Mun is the
most e8$ensive an! the Ee$ali is the least e8$ensive% Because of that, the Ee$lai Mun has the
hihest !eman! )hereasA only a rou$ of aristocrat $eo$le consumes Australian Mun% But )hen
)e tal* a'out the slaes 'enefit of the $ro!ucers an! su$$liers, "eshi Mun is the most 'eneficial
amon all%
597 ,A- PU+S,S=
0ulses are a e8cellent source of $roteins% &his means they are often essential for $eo$le )ho !o
not et $rotein 'y eatin meat, fish or !airy $ro!ucts% Eevertheless, $ulses may also 'e a healthy
choice for meat+eaters% Jou can inclu!e $ulses to sou$s, casseroles, as )ell as meat sauces to a!!
e8tra te8ture an! flavor% 4hat this means is you can use less meat, ma*in the !ish lo)er in fat
as )ell as chea$er% 0ulses really are a oo! source of iron an! also a starchy foo! an! inclu!e
fi'er to your meal% &he fi'er $resent in $ulses may hel$ lo)er 'loo! cholesterol, so that they are
reat for your heart% 0ulses in many cases are $urchase! in tins% If you $urchase tinne! $ulses,
chec* the content la'el an! ma*e sure to choose ones that have no a!!e! salt or even suar%
Suita'le for Jour Deart inclu!in much more $ulses in your !iet miht lo)er your ris* of heart
$ro'lems, 'ase! on the 2inus 0aulin Institute% 0ulses are full of fi'er% For instance, a 1 cu$
servin of coo*e! lentils consists of more than 19 of fi'er, meetin 30 : of your every !ay
value% &he fi'er on the $ulses may enhance heart health 'y !ecreasin cholesterol levels% 0ulses
are also hih in $otassium% Inclu!in more $otassium+rich meals in your !iet can re!uce 'loo!
$ressure 'y counteractin the effects of so!ium%
Loer !is" of #iabetes
0ulses certainly are a lo)+lycemic in!e8 foo!% &he lycemic in!e8 rates foo! on ho) it has an
effect on your 'loo! suar% Foo!s havin a lo) lycemic in!e8 result in only a small rise in
'loo! suar, )hile foo!s )ith a hih lycemic in!e8 cause a s$i*e in 'loo! suar% In!ivi!uals
)ho inclu!e more lo)+lycemic foo!s in their eatin ha'its have lo)er rates of !ia'etes% <f
course, if you alrea!y have !ia'etes, inclu!in $ulses in your !iet causes it to 'e easier for you to
manae your 'loo! suar%
Pa1e 2 #&
!ich in Protein
0ulses a!!itionally ma*e a healthy an! affor!a'le source of $rotein% Most $ulses !on@t $rovi!e
all of the im$ortant amino aci!s, ma*in them an im$erfect source of $rotein% Do)ever if you
inclu!e a!!itional rains an! veeta'les in )hat you eat, you shoul! 'e a'le to meet all of your
amino aci! reFuirements% Soy 'eans, nevertheless, are one of (ust a fe) $lant foo!s that offer all
of the essential amino aci!s, )hich ma*es it a com$lete source of $rotein li*e 'eef% A 1+cu$
$ortion of coo*e! soy'eans contains 23 of $rotein, !es$ite the fact that a 3 o;% $ortion of
coo*e! chic*en contains 24 of $roteins%
E$cellent Source of %olate
0ulses are also a oo! source of folate, a B vitamin reFuire! to $ro!uce an! maintain ne) cells%
Folate is $articularly im$ortant !urin $erio!s of Fuic* ro)th, for e8am$le $renancy an!
infancy% 4omen of chil!'earin ae reFuire a!eFuate inta*e of folate to limit their !aner of
havin a chil! 'orn )ith a neural tu'e !efect% Folate content !iffers amon the !ifferent $ulses%
For instance, a 1?2 cu$ servin of coo*e! 'lac*+eye! $eas consists of 109 mc of folate, an! the
same si;e $rovi!in of coo*e! reat northern 'eans consists of -0 mc%
Pulses and & ' #'(
0ulses count as one of your five hihly recommen!e! every!ay $ortions of fruit an! veeta'les%
<ne $ortion is ,0, )hich is eFual to aroun! three hea$e! ta'les$oons of coo*e! $ulses% <n the
other han!, if you eat a lot more than three hea$e! ta'les$oons of 'eans an! $ulses in a !ay, this
ho)ever only counts as one $ortion of your 9 A "AJ% &he reason 'ein )hile $ulses contain
fi'er, they !on@t really ive the same com'ination of vitamins, minerals an! other nutrients as
fruit an! veeta'les%
&his $articular e8clu!es reen 'eans, for e8am$le 'roa! 'eans an! runner 'eans, )hich are
measure! as a veeta'le an! not a 'ean or $ulse for 9 A "AJ%
59/ S9/U+D ,A- PU+S,S=
Pa1e 2 #6
#veryone can 'enefit from eatin $ulses% 0ulses are hih in fi'er, com$le8 car'ohy!rates, an!
lo) in fat% &hese nutrients ma*e $ulses an im$ortant $art of any healthy !iet an! can hel$
maintain a healthy )eiht%
0ulses have a!!itional 'enefits for $eo$le )ho.
Are over)eiht
Dave !ia'etes
Dave hih 'loo! cholesterol levels
&en! to 'e consti$ate!
Dave celiac !isease
Are veetarians
9/5 !AN7 PU+S,S S9/U+D I ,A-=
Foo! =ui!e recommen!s eatin 'eans, lentils an! $eas often as an alternative to meat% <ne
servin of $ulses eFuals 3?4 cu$ 61H9 ml7, )hich is a'out the si;e of a tennis 'all%
0ulses can 'e eaten every !ay% If you !o not eat $ulses often, start a!!in them to your !iet
ra!ually% "iscover a tasty, nutritious an! versatile foo!+$ulses% #n(oye! 'y many cultures
aroun! the )orl! for centuries, $ulses ma*e )on!erful main !ishes, sou$s, sala!s, a$$eti;ers,
snac*s an! even 'a*e! oo!sK #8$lore ne) )ays to inclu!e $ulses into your familyIs !iet%
&he -0 !ay challene has $rovi!e! a healthier lifestyle for myself an! my family 'y !iscoverin
ne) reci$es an! alternatives to animal $rotein%
-9, P/-,N-IA+ -/ ;./5
Banla!esh is one of the )ell+*no)n $ro!ucers of $ulses% But in In!ia, $ulse cro$ yiel!s are one+
thir! the levels achieve! 'y 5ana!a, the US an! other countries% Barious Strateic Manaement
=rou$ loo*s at some of the 'est $ractices $revalent in other $ulse+$ro!ucin countries%
Pa1e 2 #8
4hy is it $ossi'le for 5ana!ian an! American farmers to harvest a'out 1-00* of $ulses $er
hectare )hen In!ian farmers can@t et more than 300LH00*M &he lo'al averae for yiel!s of
$ulses is a'out ,1-* ? ha 6the averae of the years 2009, 2003 an! 200H7, yet France achieves a
stu$en!ous yiel! of a'out 4000* ? ha 6on a smaller $ro!uction 'ase of less than 1 million
tonnes7% In!ian yiel!s have only increase! from 900* ? ha an! crosse! the 300* ? ha level in
the last fe) !eca!es%
&he reasons for the !ifferences in yiel!s are several. Su'sistence farmin in !evelo$in countries
versus a mar*et+!riven a$$roach in !evelo$e! countries, climatic con!itions, level of
infrastructure !evelo$ment, etc has resulte! in )i!e variation in yiel!s across countries% Some of
the ma(or factors that affect yiel! are.
5limate ? soil
&imely availa'ility ? usae of hih+yiel!+variety 6DJB7 see!s
Investment in mechani;ation, irriation, $est manaement an! other farm $ractices
5ro$+s$ecific effects
5hanes in cro$$in $attern. !ou'le cro$$in, short+!uration $ulses
2evel of !evelo$ment ? infrastructure, inclu!in efficient su$$ly+chain an! mar*et
mechanisms
)ood agronomic practices through farmer education and aareness:
0ulse ro)ersI associations in Banla!esh e!ucate farmers on timely see!in,
fertili;ation an! $est control for every cro$ cycle
Mechani;e! harvestin is the norm !ue to lare lan! hol!ins an! a mar*et+!riven
a$$roach to farmin
Cecommen!e! see! re$lacement $ractices are follo)e! an! $enetration of DJB see!s is
hih
Pa1e 2 #3
%ocus on research and development:
Investment in research is ma!e 'y the overnment as )ell as throuh the ro)ersI levy
collecte! from $ulse $ro!ucers
&ie+u$s )ith international research institutes for im$rove! 'ree!in an! enetic
im$rovement $rorams lea!in to !evelo$ment of 'etter see! varieties
Dih+yiel!in varieties an! short+!uration cro$s suita'le for local con!itions are
!evelo$e! an! $o$ulari;e!, resultin in hih a!o$tion rates
*ptions to increase production
Banla!esh can loo* at increasin $ro!uction throuh a com'ination of increasin total acreae
an! im$rovin yiel!s for $ulses% &here is also the $otential to increase the total availa'ility 'y
re!ucin $ost+harvest losses throuh an efficient su$$ly+chain mechanism%
S/I+S AND 0+I!A-,
For the efficient $ro!uction of $ulses, you must have a$$ro$riate soil an! climate% <ur continent
is $erfect for the $ro!uction of it an! 'ecause of that )e $ro!uce a ma(ority Fuantity of $ulses
com$arin the other countries of the )orl!% &he soil an! climate of Banla!esh is also
a$$ro$riate for $ulses $ro!uction%
Some of the features of climate an! soil for the $ro!uction of $ulses are iven 'ello)+
Climate
It is 'asically a )arm )eather cro$, chiefly ro)n !urin the Kharif season% Do)ever, in
recent times in eastern, central an! southern In!ia, it is also ro)n as a )inter cro$%
Kharif ura! 'ean is so)n in the last )ee* of Nune to early Nuly% &his cro$ is mainly ro)n
un!er rainfe! con!itions%
In case of summer ura! 'ean, so)in may 'e starte! in the last )ee* of Fe'ruary till the
en! of March% 0lantins 'eyon! March may 'e cauht 'y monsoon rains in the secon!
fortniht of Nune an! result in !rastic yiel! re!uction%
Pa1e 2 #'
Ura! 'ean tolerates !rouht an! is heat tolerant 'ut is susce$ti'le to frost%
It is enerally ro)n in areas, )hich receive a'out ,00 mm rainfall $er year%
It is not a suita'le cro$ for )et tro$ics%
Ura! 'ean is ro)n in summer an! rainy season in northern In!ia%
Deavy an! continuous rains at the time of ermination an! flo)erin are harmful for the
cro$%
Soil
It is ro)n on a variety of soils ranin from a san!y soil to heavy 'lac* cotton soils%
It thrives )ell in relatively heavier soil%
&he most i!eal soil )oul! 'e a )ell !raine! loam )ith a $D rane from 4%H to H%9%
Deavier soils )ith more )ater retention ca$acity are consi!ere! i!eal for its cultivation%
2oam to clay loam soil )ith neutral $D is the 'est suite! soils for ura! 'ean%
It cannot 'e ro)n successfully on saline al*ali an! aci!ic soils%
Ura! 'ean is susce$ti'le to )ater loin% &herefore, soil shoul! 'e )ell !raine!
$articularly in rainy season%
.,0/!!,NDA-I/NS
0ulses are an essential element in the economy of Banla!esh% It has a vital im$ortance in term
of health as$ects too% 0ro!uction an! su$$ly of $ulses is a 'eneficial 'usiness for many $eo$le%
After !oin a com$lete analysis, )e can say that Mun $ulses are the most $o$ular one an! also
recommen!e! for the entre$reneurs+ In Banla!esh, the Australian Mun is the most e8$ensive
an! the Ee$ali is the least e8$ensive% Because of that, the Ee$lai Mun has the hihest !eman!
)hereasA only a rou$ of aristocrat $eo$le consumes Australian Mun% But )hen )e tal* a'out
the sales 'enefit of the $ro!ucers an! su$$liers, "eshi Mun is the most 'eneficial amon all%
So, if you are selectin any ty$e of $ulses for 'ecomin successful in 'usiness, choose "esi
mun 'efore anythin%
Pa1e 2 #(
.,F,.,N0,S
Foo!commo!ities% Pulses Legumes% Cetrieve! A$ril 2,, 2014, from
htt$.??)))%foo!commo!ities%nl?commo!ities?$ulses%html
Ei!irect%ov%u*, Beans, pulses, nuts and seeds. Cetrieve! A$ril 2,, 2014, from
htt$.??)))%ni!irect%ov%u*?'eans+$ulses+nuts+an!+see!s
Banla!esh Aricultural "evelo$ment 5or$oration, Seed price and sales center details%
Cetrieve! A$ril 2,, 2014, from htt$.??)))%'a!c%ov%'!?in!e8%$h$?see!+$rice+an!+sales+center+
!etails
4orl! Ban*% 200H, 4ashinton, "5. 4orl! Ban* , Bangladesh - Prices of essential commodities
: recent trends, underlying factors and policy options%% Cetrieve! A$ril 2,, 2014, from
htt$.??!ocuments%)orl!'an*%or?curate!?en?200H?04?1323H49H?'anla!esh+$rices+essential+
commo!ities+recent+tren!s+un!erlyin+factors+$olicy+o$tions
5am$os+Bea, C%, 2oarca+0ina, =%, > <omah, B% 620107% Minor components of pulses and their
potential impact on human health. Foo! Cesearch International, 43, 431+4,2%
Khan, I% &a'assum, F%, > Khan, A% 6200,7% lycemic indices and glycemic loads of !arious types
of pulses. 0a*istan Nournal of Eutrition, H617, 104+10,%
Pa1e 2 %*
Mitchell, "%, 2a)rence, F%, Dartman, &%, > 5urran, N% 6200-7% "onsumption of dry #eans, peas,
and lentils could impro!e diet $uality in the %.S. population. Nournal of the American "ietetic
Association, 10-697, -0-+-13%
Cochfort, S% > 0ano;;o, N% 6200H7% Phytochemicals for health, the role of pulses. Nournal of
Aricultural an! Foo! 5hemistry, 996207, H-,1+H--4%
Pa1e 2 %#