Functions 1

1 FUNCTIONS
1.4 FINDING THE VALUE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [Mastery Exercises]


EXAMPLE 1 :
Given that 4 3 : x x f and x x g 2 : ,
find fg(3).
Answer : f(x) = 3x - 4 , g(x) = 2x
g(3) = 2(3)
= 6
fg(3) = f [ g(3) ]
= f ( 6)
= 3 (6) - 4
= 14

EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that x x f 2 3 : and
2
: x x g , find
gf(4).

Answer : f(x) = 3 2x , g(x) = x
2
.
f(4) = 3 2(4)
= 3 8
= - 5
gf(4) = g (-5)
= (-5)
2

= 25

EXERCISES

1. Given that 1 2 : + x x f and x x g 3 : ,
find f g(1) .





2. Given that 9 2 : x x f and x x g 3 1 : + ,
find gf(3).









3. Given the functions 3 : + x x f and
1 4 : x x g , find
(a) f g(1) (b) gf(1)





4. Given the functions 7 3 : x x f and
x x g 2 4 : , find
(a) f g(0) (b) gf(0)









Functions 2
FINDING THE VALUE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [Reinforcement Exercises]

1. Given that 3 2 : + x x f and x x g 4 : ,
find fg(2) .



2. Given that 5 2 : x x f and x x g 5 : , find
gf(7) .

3. Given that 4 : + x x f and 1 2 : x x g ,
find
(a) fg(1) (b) gf(1)






4. Given that 4 3 : + x x f and x x g 2 5 : ,
find
(a) fg(0) (b) gf(0)





5 Given the functions 1 3 :
2
x x f and
x x g 2 : , find
(a) fg(-1) (b) gf(-1)






6 Given that x x f 3 : and
2
2 : x x g , find
(a) fg(-2) (b) gf(-2)



7. Given the functions 2 : + x x f and

2
3 2 : x x x g + , find
(a) fg(1) (b) gf(1)







8. Given the functions x x f 2 : and

2
3 4 1 : x x x g + , find
(a) fg(-1) (b) gf(-1)






Functions 3
1.5 FINDING THE VALUE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
2 2
, g f

Notes : f
2
(a) = ff (a) = f [ f (a) ]

EXAMPLE 1 :
Given that 2 3 : x x f , find f
2
(2).
Answer : f(x) = 3x - 2
f(2) = 3(2) 2 = 4
f
2
(2) = f [ f(2) ]
= f ( 4)
= 3 (4) 2
= 10


EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that x x g 4 3 : , evaluate gg(1).
Answer : g(x) = 3 4x
g(1) = 3 4(1) = -1
gg(1) = g [g(1)]
= g ( -1)
= 3 4 (-1)
= 3 + 4
= 7

EXERCISES

1. Given that 3 2 : + x x f , find f
2
(2) .



2. Given that 5 : x x g , evaluate gg(3) .

3. Given that 1 2 : x x g , evaluate g
2
(3).


4. Given that 4 3 : + x x f , find ff(0) .




5. Given that x x g 5 2 : , find g
2
(1).


6. Given that 1 3 :
2
x x f , find ff(1) .




7. Given that x x g 4 : , evaluate gg(-2).






8. Diberi 3 4 2 :
2
+ x x x f . Nilaikan f
2
(0) .




Functions 4

1.7 FINDING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

EXAMPLE 1 :
Given that 4 3 : x x f and x x g 2 : ,
find fg(x).
Answer : f(x) = 3x - 4 , g(x) = 2x
fg(x) = f [ g(x) ]
= f ( 2x)
= 3 (2x) - 4
= 6x 4
OR
fg(x) = f [ g(x) ]
= 3 [g(x)] - 4
= 3 (2x) 4
= 6 x - 4

EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that x x f 2 3 : and
2
: x x g , find the
composite fuction gf.

Answer: f(x) = 3 2x , g(x) = x
2
.
gf(x) = g[f(x)]
= g (3 2x)
= (3- 2x)
2

OR
gf(x) = g[f(x)]
= [f(x)]
2
= (3- 2x)
2

thus
2
) 2 3 ( : x x gf

EXERCISES

1. Given that 3 2 : + x x f and x x g 4 : ,
find fg(x) .






2. Given that 5 2 : x x f and x x g 5 : , find
the composite function gf .



3. Given the functions 4 : + x x f and
1 2 : x x g , find
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x)







4. Given that 4 3 : + x x f and x x g 2 5 : ,
find
(b) f g (b) gf





Functions 5

REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES FOR FINDING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

1. Given the functions 2 3 : + x x f and
x x g 2 2 : , find
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x)







2. Given that x x f 3 : and
2
2 : x x g , find
the composite functions
(a) fg (b) gf



3. Given the functions 4 : + x x f and
x x g 3 1 : , find
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x)









4. Given that x x f 3 : and 3 4 : + x x g ,
find the composite functions
(a) f g (b) gf





5. Given the functions 2 : + x x f and
x x g 2 5 : + , find
(a) fg(x) (b) gf(x)








6. Given that x x f 5 2 : and
2
1 : x x g + ,
find the composite function gubahan
(a) fg (b) gf




Functions 6

REINFORCEMENT EXERCISES FOR FINDING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS [ f
2
and g
2
]

1. Given that 2 3 : + x x f , find f
2
(x).
f(x) = 3x + 2
f
2
(x) = f [f(x)]
= f (3x + 2) or 3f(x) + 2
= 3(3x+2) + 2
=

2. Given that x x f 3 : , find the function f
2
.



3. Given that x x g 3 1 : , find gg(x)








4. Given that 3 4 : + x x g , find the function
g
2
.




5. Given that 2 : + x x f , find ff(x) .







6. Given that x x f 5 2 : , find the function f
2
.




7. Given that x x f 4 3 : + , find f
2
(x).







8. Given that x x f 5 : , find the function f
2
.







Functions 7
1.8 INVERSE FUNCTIONS

Notes : 1. Students must be skillful in changing the subject of a formula !

2. If f (x) = y, then x = f
1
(y) OR if f
1
(x) = y, then x = f(y)


EXAMPLE 1. Given that f(x) = 2x 3 , find f
1
(x).
METHOD 1
Given f(x) = 2x 3 ,
then f
1
( 2x 3 ) = x.
f
1
( y ) = x when y = 2x 3
y + 3 = 2x
x =
2
3 + y

f
1
(y) =
2
3 + y

f
1
(x) =
2
3 + x

METHOD 2
Given f(x) = 2x 3
then f(y) = 2y 3
f
1
( 2y 3 ) = y
f
1
( x ) = y when x = 2y 3
x + 3 = 2y
y =
2
3 + x

f
1
(x) =
2
3 + x


Students are advised to master only one of the methods !


DRILLING PRACTICES ON CHANGING SUBJECT OF A FORMULA [ 1 ]

1. If y = 3x 2 , then x =

3x 2 = y
3x = y + 2
x =
3
2 + y

2. If y = 4x 2 , then x =

4x 2 = y
4x =
x =

3. If y = 3 6x , then x =





4. If y = 4 5x , then x =

5. If y = 3 + 5x , then x =





6. If y = 10x 4 , then x =

Functions 8
TASK : TO DETERMINE THE INVERSE FUNCTION

EXAMPLE 1 :
Given that f(x) = 4x 6 , find f
1
(x).
EXAMPLE 2 :
Given that f(x) = 2x + 3 , find f
1
(x).
Answer :
Let f(x) = y
4x 6 = y
4x = y + 6
x =
6
4
y +

f
-1
(y) =
6
4
y +

f
1
(x) =
4
6 + x

Answer :
Let f(x) = y
2x + 3 = y





f
1
(x) =
3
2
x


EXERCISES
1. Given that f : x 4 + 8x , find f
1
.







2. Given that g : x 10 2x , find g
1
.

3. Given that f : x 4 3x , find f
1
.







4. Given that g : x 5 + 6x , find g
1
.

5. Given that f : x 5 + 2x , find f
1
.







6. Given that g : x 3 2x , find g
1
.

Functions 9
7. Given that f : x 6x - 15 , find f
1
.








8. Given that g : x 3
4
3
x , find g
1
.






9. Given that f(x) = 1 2x , find f
1
(x).








10. Given that g(x) = 3x + 2 , find g
1
(x).

11. Given that f(x) = 5 2x , find f
1
(x).









12. Given that g(x) = 5x + 2 , find g
1
(x).

13. Given that h(x) = 3 + 3x , find h
1
(x).









14. Given that h(x) = 6x 1 , find h
1
(x).


Functions 10

QUESTIONS BASED ON SPM FORMAT

1.


Base on the information above, a relation from P into
Q is defined by the set of ordered pairs
{ (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 6), (2, 8) }.

State
(a) the images of 1, Ans:
(b) the object of 4, Ans:
(c) the domain, Ans:
(d) the codomain, Ans:
(e) the range, Ans:
(f) the type of relation Ans:


2.






The above diagram shows the relation between set A
and set B
State
(a) the images of b, Ans:
(b) the objects of p, Ans:
(c) the domain, Ans:
(d) the codomain, Ans:
(e) the range, Ans:
(f) the type of relation Ans:
3. Given the functions 1 2 : + x x f and
3 :
2
x x g , find
(a) f
1
(5) ,
(b) gf (x) .







4. Given the functions 1 4 : + x x g and
3 :
2
x x h , find
(a) g
1
(3) ,
(b) hg (x) .

5. Given the function x x f 3 2 : and
2 :
2
+ x x x h , find
(a) f
1
(3) ,
(b) hf (x) ,
(c) f
2
(x) .

















6. Given the functions 1 2 : + x x f and

2
2 : x x h , find
(a) f
1
( 1) ,
(b) hf (x) ,
(c) f h(x).

















P = { 1, 2, 3}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
P = { 1, 2}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

a
b
c


p
q
r
s

A B
Functions 11

QUESTIONS BASED ON SPM FORMAT

1. (SPM 06, P2, Q2)
Given the function : 3 2 f x x and
: 1
5
x
g x + , find
(a) f
1
(x) ,
(b) f
1
g(x) ,



















(a)
2
3
x +
(b)
15
10
x +

2. Given the function : 2 1 f x x and
: 2
3
x
g x , find
(a) f
1
(x) ,
(b) f
1
g(x) ,




















(a)
1
2
x +
(b) 1 1
6 2
x