DETERMINANTS

6.1. Definition
Determinant of order 2, 3 and 4 are written as
a n
321
312
322
311 ai2 a 13
a2i a22 323 and
331 332 333
a n ai2 ai
3 ai4
a2i 322 a23 a
2
4
331 332 333 334
341 a42 a43 344
where a,y e C~Yi, j
6.2. Minors and Cofactors
If we delete the row and column passing through the element a
(
y, thus obtained is called the minor of a,y
and is usually denoted by Mjj and cofactors of a,y is ( - 1 M j j and it is denoted by Ay or C,y.
311 312 313
Let A = 321 322 323
331 332 333
Then
6.3. Properties of Determinants
A = an Mi i - 312 Mi 2 + a-13 Mi3
= an Cn + ai2 C12 + ai3 C13.
(i) The determinant remains unaltered if its rows and columns are interchanged.
(ii) The interchange of any two rows (columns) in A changes its sign
(iii) If all the elements of a row (column) in A are zero or if two rows (columns) are identical (or
proportional), then the value of A is zero.
(iv) If all the elements of one row (or column) is multiplied by a non zero number k, then the value of the
new determinant is k times the value of the original determinant.
(v) If the elements of a row (column) of a determinant are multiplied by a non zero number k and then
added to the corresponding elements of another row (column), then the value of the determinant
remains unaltered.
(vi) If A becomes zero on putting x = a, then we say that (x - a) is a factor of A.
ai + bi C1 ai bi C1 Xi bi Ci
(vii) 32 + X
2 b2 C2
= 32 b2 C2
+ bz C2
a3 + X3 bs C3 a3 b3 C3 x
3
bs C3
ai a2 a3 ai 0 0
(viii) 0 b2 bs = ai t>2 C3 = bi bi 0
0 0 C3 ci 02 C3
ai bi Ci ai
P1 71
(ix) 32 b2 C2
X
<*2 p2 Y2
33 b3 C3 3 p
3
73
58 Obj ective Mathematics
ai ai +i?i(3i + ciyi
a
2
a-| + >2PI + C2Y1
a3ai + b3pi + C3Y1
aia.2 + >1^2 + C1Y2
a2CC2 + + C2Y2
a3a2 + fc*3p2 + C3Y2
ai a3 + bip3 + C1Y3
a
2
a3 + >2p3 + C2Y3
a33 + teP3 + C3Y3
Note that we can also multiply rows by columns or columns by rows or columns by columns.
6.4. Systems of Linear Equations
The system of homogeneous linear equations
ai x+ b\y+ ci z = 0
a2*+ bzy+ C2Z = 0
and 33X + b^y + C3Z = 0
has a non trivial solution (i.e. at least one of x, y, z is non zero) if
ai >1 ci
a = 32 >2 c2 = 0
a3 te <5
and if a ^ 0, then x = y = z = 0 is the only solution of above system (Trivial solution).
Cramer's Rule : Let us consider a system of equations
a-ix+ toiy+ ci z = di
a2X+ b>2y+ C2Z = cfc
a3X+i>3y+ C3Z = cfe
Here
ai
61 C1 d^ bi C1
a = a2 b2 C2 ai = cfe b2 C2
as bs c3 d
3
c3
ai d^ c1 ai bi <*
a2 = a2 ch. C2 A3 = a2 to cfe
a3 cfe c3 a3 cfe
x =
Al
a
- y =
a2
a
and z =
a3
a '
By Cramer' s rule, we have.
Remarks:
(i) A / 0, then system will have unique finite solution, and so equations are consistent.
(ii) If a = 0, and at least one of a1, a2, a3 be non zero, then the system has no solution i.e., equations
are inconsistent.
(iii) If a = a1 = a2 = a3 = 0 then equations will have infinite number of solutions, and at least one
cofactor of a is non zero, i.e. equations are consistent.
6.5.. Differentiation of Determinant Function
ft
If F (x) =
92 93
hi /12 h3
where ft, h, h\ flu, 52, g3; hi, te, hx are the functions of x, then
ft' fe' h' ft f2 ft
F' ( x ) =
91
92
93
+
91' 92' 93'
+
91 92 fits
/72 h3 /71 /n' /13'
Determinants 59
MULTIPLE CHOICE - I
Each question in this part has four choices out of which just one is correct. Indicate your choice of correct
answer for each question by writing one of the letters a, b, c, d whichever is appropriate.
1. If the value of the determinant
1
1 is positive, then
c
a 1
1 b
1 1
(a) abc > 1
(c) abc <
is
(b) positive r o, i = j
(d) q
2
+ pr
If
H - l ;
i>i
i < j
(b)abc > - 8
(d) abc > - 2.
Given that q* - pr < 0, p > 0 the value of
p <7 px+qy
q r qx+ ry
px + qy qx + ry 0
(a) zero
(c) negative
3. I f / ( n) = a" + P" and
3 1 +/ ( 1) 1 +/ ( 2)
1 + / d ) 1 +/ ( 2) 1 +/ ( 3)
1 +/ ( 2) 1 +/ ( 3) 1 +/ ( 4)
= k (1 - a)
2
(1 - P)
2
(1 - Y)
2
, then k =
(a) 1 (b) - 1
(c) txp (d) apy
If x, y, z are integers in A.P., lying between 1
and 9, and x 51, y 41 and z 31 are three-digits
numbers then the value of
5 4 3
x51 y 41 z 31
z
(b) x - y + z
(d) x + 2y + z
x y
(a) x + y + z
( c) 0
5. If
1 1 1 1 be a
A, =
a b c
, A
2
=
1 ca b
2
a b
2
2
C
1 ab c
, then
3 + 2? 5 - i 7 - 3 i
7. If z = i 2i -3i
3 - 2 i 5 + i 7 + 3i
(a) z is purely real
(b) z is purely imaginary
(c) z is mixed complex number, with imaginary
part positive
(d) None of these
8. In a third order determinant a,-, denotes the
element in the ith row and the yth column
then the value of the determinant
(a) 0 ( b) l
(c) - 1 (d) None of these
then
(a) A, + A
2
= 0
(c) A, =A
2
(b) A, + 2A
2
= 0
(d) A, = 2 A
2
9. If
A(x) = log (1 + x")
cos X
then
(a) A (x) is divisible by x
(b) A (x) = 0
(c) A' (x) = 0
(d) None of these
10. The value of
log (x/y) log
a
(y/z)
log,, (y/z) log,, (z/x)
log
c
(z/x) log, (x/y)
(a) 1
(c) log
a
xyz
1 +x
z
x
e
tan x
x
sin x
2
sin x
6. If a, p are non real numbers satisfying
the determinant
log
fl
(z/x)
log
h
(x/y)
log
c
(y/z)
(b) 1
(d) None of these
11. If V- 1 = i, and to is a non real cube root of
unity then the value of
x
3
1 = 0 then the value of
X+ 1
a
P
(a) 0
(c) + 1
a
k + p
P
1
X+ a
is equal to
1
(
1 -i
(0
- 1
co
2
1
(b) V
(d) - 1
(a) 1
(c) CO
1 + i + to
- 1 - (' + to
- 1
(b) i
(d) 0
is equal to
60 Obj ective Mathematics
is expanded in
12. If the determinant
cos 2x sin
2
x cos 4x
si n
2
* c o s l r cos
2
*
cos 4x cos
2
x cos 2x
powers of sin x then the constant term in the
expansion is
(a) I (b) 2
( c ) - l ( d) - 2
13. Using the factor theorem it is found that
b + c,c + a and a + b are three factors of the
-2a a + b a + c
b +a -2b b + c
c + a c + b 2c
other factor in the value of the determinant is
( b) 2
(d) None of these
of the determinant
in/A
14
determinant
(a) 4
(c) a + b + c
The value
The
- in/3
in/4
in/3
1
- 2m/3
e e
(a) 2 +
(c) - 2 +
15. If
1
f(x)= 2x
(x
2/71/3
1
IS
( b ) - ( 2 + V2)
(d)2-<3
x
x ( x - l )
1) x C* - I ) ( o r -
x + 1
x(x+ 1)
2) .v (A
2
1)
t hen/ (200) is equal to
(a) 1
(c) 200
16. If
<h. =
1
2k
2k- 1
( b) 0
(d) - 200
n
n
2
+ i;+ 1
i
n'
2
n + n
and L
* = 1
D
k
n~ + n + 1
56 then n equals
( a) 4 ( b) 6
(c) 8 (d) None of these
17. If a, b, c arc sides of a triangle and
a
(a+ l)
2
1/
(b+ l)
2
( c +1 r
= 0, then
( - 1 ) (b-iy (c-1)
(a) A ABC is an equilateral triangle
(b) A ABC is a right angled isoscelcs triangle
(c) A ABC is an isosceles triangle
(d) None of these
18. If the system of equations 2 x - y + z = 0,
x-2y + z = 0, tx-y + 2z = 0 has infinitely
many solutions and f(x) be a continuous
function, such that f(5+x) +f{x) = 2 then
r
2
'
f(x)dx=
(a)0
( c) 5
(b) 2t
(d )t
19. If
a
x
x
X
X
p
X
X
X
X
Y
X
= f ( x ) - x f ' ( x ) then
/ (A) is equal to
( a ) ( x - o t ) ( * - P ) ( * - 7 ) ( x - S )
(b) (x + a)(x + P) (x + y) (x + 5)
(c)2(x-a)(x-P)(x-y)(x-8)
(d) None of these
20. For positive numbers x, y, z the numerical
value of the determinant
1 log^y log
x
z
log,, A; 3 log
v
z is
log, A- log
;
y 5
(a) 0
(b) log* logy logz
( c) l
(d)8
21. If f ( x ) = ax + bx + c, a, b, c e R and
equation f ( x ) -x = 0 has imaginary roots a
and P and "{, 8 be the roots of f ( f ( x ) ) - x = 0
2 a 5
then p 0 a is
Y P 1
(a)0
(b) purely real
(c) purely imaginary
(d) none of these
22. If n is a positive integer, then
n + 2
r
'-n+l
n + 4 ^
l
+ 2
H + 3 ~
L
n + 1
n + 4
n
L
n + 2
n + 5,-,
(
-n + 3
n + \
r
C
H + 2
n +
ti + 3
n + (>
n
l
h + 4
(a) 3
( c) - 5
(b)
(d)
- 1
- 9
Determinants 61
23. Let A(x) =
(x-2)
( x - 1 )
X
( x - i r
2
( x+1) (x + 2)"
Then the coefficient of x in A (x) is
( a) - 3 ( b) - 2
( c ) - l (d) 0
X cos X
i f / M =
si nx
2
X
tan x 1
e
sec x
2
,1/2
then the value of J / ( x) dx is equal to
-n/2
( b) 3
( d) 0
(a) 5
( c) l
25. If
0
sin x
cos x
cos x
0
sin x
sin 2x = 1,
- sin x
cos x
0
then
equals
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) None of these
26. If a, (5, y are the roots of the equation
x + px + q = 0, then the value of the
a p Y
determinant p y a is
Y a p
(a) 4 ( b) 2
( c) 0 (d) - 2
27. If a, b, c > 0 and x,y,ze R, then the value of
the determinant
{a + a
x
)
2
(b
>
+ b~
y
)
2
(c
z
+ c~
z
)
2
(a) 6
( c) 2
-x.2
a )
(b
y
~b->)
2
(c
z
-c-f
(b)4
( d) 0
is
28. I f A + fl+C = 7t, then
sin (A + B + Q sin B cos C
- sin B 0 tan A
cos (A + B) - tan A 0
(a) 1 (b) 0
( c ) - l ( d) 2
is equal to
cos x
cos 2x
cos 3x
29. L e t f ( x )
Then/ ' ( 71/ 2) =
(a) 8
(c)4
30. The value of
sin x
sin 2x
sin 3x
cos x
2 cos 2x
3 cos 3x
( b) 6
(d) 2
( - D
n
a
(-1 )"
+ l
b
( - 1) '
n + 1
a+ 1 1 -b 1 + c
a- 1 b+ 1 1 - c
a a + 1 a- 1
( - 1 )"b
1 -b b+ 1
(_1)
+ 2
c
1+c
1 - c
is equal to
( b) l
(d) None of these
(a) 3
( c ) - l
31. If 3" is a factor of the determinant
1 1 1
n + 3/ + 6
c
n + 6,
"C,
n + 3 si ri TVs-i
t-2 <-2
then the maximum value of n is
( a) 7 (b) 5
( c) 3 ( d) l
32. If a, b, c are non zero real numbers and if the
equations {a - l ) x = y + z,
{b - 1) y = z + x, {c - 1) z = x + y has a non
trivial solution then ab + bc + ca equals
(a) a + b + c (b) abc
(c) 1 (d) None of these
MULTIPLE CHOICE -II
Each question in this part, has one or more than one correct answer(s). For each question, write the letters
a, b, c, d corresponding to the correct answer(s).
33. The determinant
A =
2 2
a + x
ab
ac
ab
12 , 2
b + x
be
ac
be
2 , 2
C + X
is divisible by
(a) x
(c)x
3
(b) x
(d) x
4
62 Obj ective Mathematics
34. If
D
k
=
-,k- 1
1
k(k + 1)
y z
sin kQ
sm
' n + 1
2 " 1
n + 1
9 sin 1 0
sin 9/ 2
then Z)^ is equal to
k= 1
( a) 0
(b) independent of n
(c) independent of 0
(d) independent of x, y and z
35. The value of the determinant
V6 2 i 3 + V6
< U V3~+VsTz 3 < 2 + < 6 i is
Vl8~ V2+Vl 2"j ^ l z f +2 i
(a) Complex (b) Real
(c) Irrationa (d) Rational
36. The determinant
a b aa + b
b c ba+c
aa + b ba + c 0
is equal to zero, if
(a) a, b, c are in A.P.
(b) a, b, c are in G.P.
(c) a, b, c are in H.P.
(d) a is a root of ax + b x + c = 0
(e) (x - a ) is a factor of ax + 2bx + c
37. The digits A, B, C are such that the three digit
numbers A88, 6B8, 86C are divisible by 72
then the determinant
A 6 8
8 B 6 is divisible by
8 8 C
(a) 72 (b) 144
(c) 288 (d) 216
38. If a> b> c and the system of equations
ax + by + cz = 0, bx+cy + az = 0,
cx + ay + bz = 0 has a non trivial solution
then both the roots of the quadratic equation
at
2
+ bt + c = 0 are
(a) real (b) of opposite sign
(c) positive (d) complex
39. The roots of the equation
2 2 2 2 2
3x x + xcos 8 + cos 6 x + * s i n 9 + sin 6
sin 2 6
X +X COS 0 + COS 0
2 2
x +x sin 9 + si n 9
3 cos
2
9
1 +
sin 29
1 +
3 sin
2
6
(b) sin
2
0, cos
2
0
are
(a) sin 0, cos 0
(c) sin 0, cos
2
0 (d) sin
2
0, cos 0
40. In a triangle ABC the value of the
determinant
. A
s m -
sin (A + B + Q
'A+B+C
cos
. B
sin
2
. B
sin
sin
cos
tan (A + B + C) sin
is less than or equal to
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/4
(c) 1/8 (d) None of these
41. If
At
4
+ Bp + Ct
2
+ Dt + E =
t +3t t - 1 f 3
f+1 2 t t-3
t-3 t + 4 31
then E equals
(a) 33 (b) - 39
(c) 27 (d) 24
42. If a, (3, y are real numbers, then
1 (cos ((3 - a)
1
cos (p - y)
A = cos (a - P)
cos (a - y)
is equal to
( a ) - l
cos (y - a)
cos (Y - P)
1
(b) cos a cos P cos y
(c) cos a + cos P + cos y (d) None of these
43. If all elements of a third order determinant
are equal to 1 or - 1, then the determinant
itself is
(a) an odd number (b) an even number
(c) an imaginary number (d) a real number
44. The coefficient of x in the determinant
is
(l+x)"
1
*
1
(l+x)
f l l &2
(l+x)
a
^
(1 +xp
b
< (1 +xf^
(1 +xp
b
'- ( l + x ) "
A
(1 +x)
a
^
(a) 4 ( b) 2
(c)0 (d) - 2
Determinants 63
45. If a, P be the roots of the equation
ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 Let S = a" + (3" for n > 1
(a)
s
1
(b
2
- Aac)
3 1 +5, 1 +S
2
,
s
b
2
- Aac
(c) 4
a
Let A =
1 +5,
1 +S
2
1 +S
3
,
s
b
2
- Aac
(c) 4
a
1 +S
2 1+S
3
1 +S
4
then A =
Practice Test
(b)
(d)
(a + b + c)
2
(b
2
- Aac)
(a + b + c)
M.M : 20 Time : 30 Min
(A) There are 10 parts in this question. Each part has one or more than one correct answer(s).
[10 x 2 = 20]
t hen t he value of 5a + 4(3 + 3y + 28 + X =
1. If /
y
k + 2
y
k + 3
(a)-11 (b)0
(c) - 16 (d) 16
6. Let
1 sin 0 1
A= - s i n 6 1 s i ne ; 0 <6 <2r c t he n
- 1 - sin 6 1
k k + 2 k + 3
X X X
k k + 2 * + 3
y y y
k k + 2 k + 3
Z Z Z
= ( x - y) (y - z ) ( z - x )
1 1
+
x y
t hen
(a) & = - 2 (b) k = - 1
(c) k = 0 (c) k = 1
2. If f
r
(x), g
r
(x), h
r
(x), r = 1, 2, 3 are
polynomials in x such t hat
fr Sr (a) - K (
a
).
r
= L 2, 3 and
fl (x) f
2
(x) f
3
(:x)
F (x) = g! (x) g
2
(x) g
3
(x)
h
x
(x) h
2
(x) h
3
(x)
t hen F' (x) at x = a is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) None of these
3. The largest value of a third order
det ermi nant whose elements are equal to 1
or 0 is
( a) 0 (b)2
(c) 4 (d) 6
4. Let f(x) =
(a )p
5. Let
x
6
P
sin x cos x
- 1 0 where p is
2 3
P P
d.
3
a constant. Then j \f (x)| at x = 0 is
dx
(b )p+p
2
3
(c) p +p (d) independent o f p
x 2 ..
x
2
x 6 = ax
4
+ px
3
+ "p? + 8 x + X
x x 6
n n + 1 n + 2
1
n
n + l
p
"re + 1
re + 2
p
"n + 2
l
c
re + ly-,
c
r e + l
n + 2
r
+2
(a) A = 0 (b) A e (0, oo)
(c) A e [ - 1, 2] (d) A e [2, 4]
7. Let fix) =
where t he symbols have t hei r usual
meanings. The f(x) is divisible by
(a) n + n + 1 (b) (TI + 1)!
(c) n ! (d) none of t hese
8. Eliminating a, b, c, from
c a b
X =
b-c
,y-
c -
1 -X x
(a) 1
-y y
1 -z z
1 -x
(b) 1 1
1 z
1 - X
(c)
y
1
-z z
= 0
we get
= 0
= 0
(d) None of these
9. The system of equations
x-y cos G + z cos 26 = 0,
- x cos 0 + y - z cos 0 = 0,
x cos 20 ~y cos 0 + z = 0,
has non trivial solution for 0 equals to
64
10.
(a) TI / 3
(c) 2TT/3
Let A(x) =
(b) TC/6
(d) TC/12
x + a x + b x + a - c
x + b x + c x- 1
x + c x + d x-b +d
and
Record Your Score
1. First attempt
2. Second attempt
3. Third attempt
Obj ective Mathematics
A(x) dx = - 16 where a, b, c, d are in A.P.,
o
t hen the common difference of t he A.P. is
equal to
(a) + 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Max. Marks
must be 100%
Answers
Multiple Choice-I
l . ( b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (b)
7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (d)
11. (d)
12. (c)
13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (b)
19. (a) 20. (d) 21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (d)
25. (d) 26. (c) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (c) 32. (b)
Multiple Choice -II
33. (a), (b), (c), (d) 34.(a), (b), (c),(d) 35. (a), (b) 36. (b), (e)
37. (a), (b), (c) 38. (a), (b) 39. (a) 40. (c) 41. (b) 42. (d)
43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (b)
Practice Test
1. (b)
2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a)
6. (d)
7. (a),.(c) 8. (b), (c) 9. (a), (b), (c), (d) 10. (b)
PROBABILITY
7.1. Definition
The probability of an event to occur is the ratio of the number of cases in its favour to the total number of
cases (equally likely).
p _ _ n( ) _ number of favourable cases
n (S) total number of cases
Remark : If a is the number of cases favourable to the event , b is the number of cases favourable to
t he event ", t hen odds in favour of ar e a : b and odds against of E a r e b: a
a
In this case P() =
and P ( ) =
a+ b
b
a + b
P (E)+ P ( ) = 1.
0 < P (E) < 1 therefore maximum value of P (E) = 1 and the minimum value of P () = 0.
7.2. Type of Events :
(i) Equally likely Events : The given events are said to be equally likely, if none of them is expected to
occur in preference to the other.
(ii) Independent Events : Two events are said to be independent if the occurrence of one does not
depend upon the other. If a set of events E-\, E2,..., E
n
for Independent Events.
P ( 1 n E2 n 3 n . . . . n n ) = P ( 1 ) P ( 2 ) . . . . P ()
(iii) Mutually Exclusive Events : A set of events is said to be mutually exclusive if occurrence of one of
them precludes the occurrence of any of the remaining events.
If a set of events 1, 2 E
n
for mutually exclusive events. Here P (1 n 20 n E
n
) = <|>
then P (1 u 2 u .... u ) = P (1) + P (2) + P (3) + .... + P (7)
(iv) Exhaustive Events : A set of events is said to be Exhaustive if the performance of the experiment
results in the occurrence of at least one of them
If a set of Events 1, 2,...,
n
t hen for Exhaustive Events
P ( 1 u 2 u . . . . u En) = 1
(v) Mutually Exclusive and Exhaustive Events : A set of events is said to be mutually exclusive and
exhaustive if above two conditions are satisfied.
If a set of Events 1, 2 E
n
then for mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
P ( 1 u 2 u . . . . u En) = P( i ) + P(
2
) + ... + P(
n
) = 1
(vi) Compound Events : If 1, 2, E
n
are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events then, if i s any
event
P( ) = P ( n / ) =. P(/) P
/= 1 /=1
( E
if P(;) > 0
7.3. Conditional Probability
The probability of occurrence of an event 1, given that 2 has already occured is called the conditional
( F \
probability of occurrence of 1 on the condition that 2 has already occured. It is denoted by P
1
66 Obj ective Mathematics
/. e..
P | #
P( i n E
2
)
P{Ez)
,
2
* $
7.4. Baye's Theorem or Inverse Probability :
If E1, 2 n are n mutually exclusive and exhaustive events such that
P( / ) > 0 (0 < /< n)
and Ei s any event, then for 1 < k< n,
E j n
P ( E * ) P | |
f
k
k= 1
Remark : We can visulise a tree structure here
P(A) = p; P( S) = q;
f?' 7 '
p
\ T l = PI ; pi ^ l = <71;
R '
B
= P2 ; p q = <72;
If we are to find
f A }
v /
Ifl.
we go
P
p f ^ U
p ^ j p ( A )
+
p ^ | j p ( S )
7.5. Multinomial Theorem
If a die has m faces marked 1, 2, 3, ..., m and if such n dices are thrown. Then the probability that the
sum of the numbers on the upper faces is equal to ris given by
. . . . , , r. ... +X
m
)
n
the coefficient of x in
m
7.6. Binomial Distribution
Suppose a binomial experiment has probability of success p and that of failure q(p+q = 1), then
probability of r success in a series of n independent trials is given by
P(r) =
n
Cr ff (f~
r
where p + q = 1 and r = 0, 1, 2, 3 n
Remarks:
(i) The probability of getting at least k success is
P( r > k) = l ^
n
C
r
p
r
q " ~
r
(ii) The probability of getting at most k success is
l<
P (0 < r < k) = ZQ
n
Cr.p
r
. <f~
r
(iii) The mean, the variance and the standard deviation of binomial distribution are np, npq, -Inpq.
Notation : If 1 and 2 are two events, then
(i) 1 u 2 st ands for occurrence of at least one of 1, 2
(ii) 1 n 2 st ands for the simultaneous occurrence of 1, 2.
(iii) E or E or st ands for non occurrence.
(iv) 1' n 2' st ands for non occurrence of both 1 and 2.
Probability 67
7.7. Expectation
If p be the probability of success of a person in any venture and M be the sum of money which he will
receive in case of success, the sum of money denoted by pM is called expectation.
7.8. Important Results
(i) If Ei and 2 are arbitrary events, then
(a) P (Ei u Ez) = P (i) + P (Ez) - P (Ei n Ez).
(b) P (Exactly one of E-\, Ez occurs) = P (Ei n Ez') + P (EV n E
2
)
= P(Ei ) -P(Ein E
z
) + P(E
Z
) - P (Ei n Ez)
= P (i) + P (Ez) - 2P( i n Ez)
= P(Ei u E
2
) - P ( E I n
2
)
(c) P (Neither Ei nor E
2
) = P (Ei' n Ez') = 1 - P (Ei u E
2
)
(d) P( Ei ' u E
2
' ) = 1 - P(Ei n Ez)
(ii) If Ei, E
2
, E
3
are three events then
(a) P (Ei u Ez u E
3
) = P (Ei) + P (E
2
) + P (E
3
) - P (Ei n E
2
)
- P(E
2
n E
3
) - P( E
3
n Ei) + P ( E m E
2
n E
3
)
(b) P (At least two of 1, 2, E
3
occur)
= P (1 n 2) + P ( 2 n 3) + P ( 3 n 1 ) - 2P ( 1 n 2 n 3)
(c) P (Exactly two of Ei, Ez, 3 occur)
= P (1 n 2) + P (2 n 3) + P (E
3
n 1 ) - 3 P(Ei n
2
n E
3
).
(d) P (Exactly one of 1, 2, 3 occur)
= P (1) + P ( 2) + P (3) - 2P (1 n 2) - 2P (E
2
n 3) - 2P ( 3 n 1 ) + 3P ( 1 n Ez n 3).
(iii) If 1,
2
, 3 En are n events then
(a) P (1 u 2 u .... u E
n
) < P (Ei)_+ P (?)_+ .... + P ()_
( b) P ( 1 n 2 n . . . n
n
) > 1 - P ( 1 ) - P ( E
2
) - .... - P ( ) .
MULTIPLE CHOICE - I
Each question in this part has four choices out of which just one is correct. Indicate your choice of correct
answer for each question by writing one of the letters a, b, c, d whichever is appropriate.
1. For n independent events
Aj's, P (A,) = 1/(1 +i ) , / = 1, 2, . . . , n. The
probability that atleast one of the events
occurs is
(a) 1 / n (b) \ / ( n + 1)
(c) n/ (n +1) (d) none of these
2. The probabilities that a student will obtain
grades A, B, C or D are 0.30, 0.35, 0.20 and
0.15 respectively. The probability that he will
receive atleast C grade, is
(a) 0.65 (b) 0.85
(c) 0.80 (d) 0.20
3. The probabilitity that a teacher will give an,
unanounced test during any class meeting is
1/5. If a student is absent twice, the
probability that he will miss at least one test,
is :
(a) 7/25 (b) 9/25
(c) 16/25 (d) 24/25
If the probability for A to fail in an
examination is 0.2 and that for B is 0.3 then
the probability that either A or B fails, is
(a) 0.38 (b) 0.44
(c) 0.50 (d) 0.94
A box contains 15 transistors, 5 of which are
defective. An inspector takes out one
transistor at random, examines it for defects,
and replaces it. After it has been replaced
another inspector does the same thing, and
then so does a third inspector. The
probability that at least one of the inspectors
finds a defective transistor, is equal to
(a) 1/27 (b) 8/27
(c) 19/27 (d) 26/27
68
Obj ective Mathematics
6. There are 5 duplicate and 10 original items in
an automobile shop and 3 items are brought
at random by a customer. The probability
that none of the items is duplicate, is
(a) 20/91 (b) 22/91
(c) 24/91 (d) 89/91
7. Three letters are written to three different
persons and addresses on the three envelopes
are also written. Without looking at the
addresses, the letters are kept in these
envelopes. The probability that all the letters
are not placed into their right envelopes is
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3
(c) 1/6 (d) 5/6
8. A man is known to speak truth in 75% cases.
If he throws an unbiased die and tells his
friend that it is a six, then the probability that
it is actually a six, is
fa) 1/6 (b) 1/8
(c) 3/4 (d) 3/8
9. A bag contains 7 red and 2 white balls and
another bag contains 5 red and 4 white balls.
Two balls are drawn, one from each bag. The
probability that both the balls are white, is
(a) 2/9 (b) 2/3
(c) 8/81 (d) 35/81
10. A bag contains 5 red, 3 white and 2 black
balls. If a ball is picked at random, the
probability that it is red, is
(a) 1/5 (b) 1/2
(c) 3/10 Cd) 9/10
11. A single letter is selected at random from the
word ' PROBABILITY' . The probability that
it is a vowel, is
(a) 2/11 (b) 3/11
(c) 4/11 (d) None of these
12. 10 bulbs out of a sample of 100 bulbs
manufactured by a company are defective.
The probability that 3 out of 4 bulbs, bought
by a customer will not be defective, is :
, , ,100r
(a) C
3
/ C
4
(C) ^ Cy / ^ Ci
(b)
90
C
3
/
96
C
4
(d) ( C
3
x C, ) / C
4
13. Fifteen coupons are numbered 1, 2, 3, ..., 15
respectively. Seven coupons are selected at
random one at a time with replacement. The
probability that the largest number appearing
on a selected coupon is atmost 9, is
(a) ( 1/ 15 )
7
(b) ( 3/ 5 )
7
(c) ( 8/ 15 )
7
(d) None of these
14. The probability that a man aged x years will
die in a year is p. The probability that out of
n men M, , M
2
. . . , M
n
, each aged x, M\ will
die and be the first to die, is :
(a) 1 /n ( b ) l - ( l -p)
n
(c) - j ' (d) - [1 - (1 -p)"]
15. n letters are written to n different persons and
addreses on the n envelopes are also written.
If the letters are placed in the envelopes at
random, the probability that atleast one letter
is not placed in the right envelope, is
(a) 1 -
(c) 1 -
( d ) i - r r
16. Three athletes A, B and C participate in a
race. Both A and B have the same probability
of winning the race and each is twice as
likely to win as C. The probability that B or
C wins the race is
(a) 2/3 (b) 3/5
(c) 3/4 (d) 13/25
17. A number is chosen at random from among
the first 30 natural numbers. The probability
of the number chosen being a prime, is
(a) 1/3 (b) 3/10
(c) 1/30 (d) 11/30
18. Out of 13 applicants for a job, there are 8
men and 5 women. It is desired to select 2
persons for the job. The probability that
atleast one of the selected persons will be a
woman, is
(a) 5/13 (b) 10/13
(c) 14/39 (d) 15/39
19. Two athletes A and B participate in a race
along with other athletes. If the chance of A
winning the race is 1/6 and that of B winning
the same race is 1/8, then the chance that
neither wins the race, is
(a) 1/4 (b) 7/24
(c) 17/24 (d) 35/48
Probability 69
20. Three players A, B, C in this order, cut a pack
of cards, and the whole pack is reshuffled
after each cut. If the winner is one who first
draws a diamond then C' s chance of winning
is
(a) 9/28 (b) 9/37
(c) 9/64 (d) 27/64
21. 6 girls and 5 boys sit together randomly in a
row, the probability that no two boys sit
together, is :
(a)
(c)
6 ! 5 !
11 !
6 ! 7 !
(b)
(d)
6 ! 6 !
11 !
5 ! 7 !
2 ! 11 ! '2 ! 11 !
22. A mapping is selected at random from the set
of all mappings of the set A = {1, 2 ..., ;i} into
itself. The probability that the mapping
selected is bijective, is
W- 7
n !
2"
n
n
23. Three letters are written to three different
persons and addresses on the three envelopes
are also written. Without looking at the
addresses, the letters are kept in these
envelopes. The probability that the letters go
into the right envelopes, is
(a) 1/3 " (b) 1/6
(c) 1/9 (d) 1/27
24. An unbiased die with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4,
5 and 6 is rolled four times. Out of the four
face values obtained, the probability that the
minimum face value is not less than 2 and the
maximum face value is not greater than 5, is
(a) 1/81 (b) 16/81
(c) 65/81 (d) 80/81
25. The probability of guessing correctly alleast
8 out of 10 answers on a true-false
examination, is
(a) 7/64 (b) 7/128
(c) 45/1024 (d) 175/1024
26. The probability that the 13th day of a
randomly chosen month is a second
Saturdav. is
(a) 1/7 ' (b) 1/12
(c) 1/84 (d) 19/84
27. A box contains cards numbered 1 to 100. A
card is drawn at random from the box. The
probability of drawing a number which is a
square, is
(a) 1/5 (b) 2/5
(c) 1/10 (d) None of these
28. An integer is chosen at random from the
numbers 1,2, .., 25. The probability that the
chosen number is divisible by 3 or 4, is
(a) 2/25 (b) 11/25
(c) 12/25 (d) 14/25
29. Two players A and B throw a die alternately
for a prize of Rs. 11/- which is to be won by
a player who first throws a six. If A starts the
game, their respective expectations are
(a) Rs. 6; Rs. 5 (b) Rs. 7; Rs. 4
(c) Rs. 5.50; Rs. 5.50 (d) Rs. 5.75; Rs. 5.25
30. A three-digit number is selected at random
from the set of all three-digit numbers. The
probability that the number selected has all
the three digits same, is
(a) 1/9 (b) 1/10
(c) 1/50 (d) 1/100
31. In a college 20% students fail in
mathematics, 25% in Physics, and 12% in
both subjects. A student of this college is
setected at random. The probability that this
student who has failed in Mathematics would
have failed in Physics too, is :
(01/20 (b) 3/25
(d) 12/25 (d) 3/5
32. A purse contains 4 copper and 3 silver coins,
and a second purse contains 6 copper and 2
silver coins. A coin is taken out from any
purse, the probability that it is a copper coin,
is
(a) 3/7 (b) 4/7
(c) 3/4 (d) 37/56
33. Three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon
are chosen at random. The probability that
the triangle with three vertices is equilateral,
is
< 4
(d)
J _
20
70 Obj ective Mathematics
34. The probabilities of two events A and B are
0-3 and 0-6 respectively. The probability that
both Aan&B occur simultaneously is 018.
Then the probability that neither A nor B
occurs is
(a) 010 (b) 0-28
(c) 0-42 (d) 0-72
35. One mapping is selected at random from all
the mappings of the set A = {1, 2, 3,.., n]
into itself. The probability that the mapping
selected is one to one is given by
(a) A
40.
(C)
( - l )
n-I
(d) None of these
36. Two persons each makes a single throw with
a pair of dice. The probability that the throws
are unequal is given by
( a A
o
( c W
6
73
< V
(d) None of these
37. If the mean and variance of a binomial
variate X are 7/3 and 14/9 respectively. Then
probability that X takes value 6 or 7 is equal
to
(b)
729
13
^ 729
( C )
729
38. A bag contains a white and b black balls.
Two players A and B alternately draw a ball
from the bag, replacing the ball each time
after the draw. A begins the game. If the
probability of A winning (that is drawing a
white ball) is twice the probability of B
winning, then the ratio a: bis equal to
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 1 (d) None of these
39. One ticket is selected at random from 100
tickets numbered 00, 01, 02, ..., 99. Suppose
X and Y are the sum and product of the digit
found on the ticket P (X = 7/Y=0) is given
by
(a) 2/3 (b) 2/19
(c) 1/50 (d) None of these
Let X be a set containing n elements. Two
subsets A and B of X are chosen at random
the probability that A u B = X is
(a)
2n
C
n
/2^ (b) 1/
2
"C
41
(c) 1.3.5. ... (2n - l ) / 2" n ! (d) (3/4)"
A natural number x is chosen at random from
the first 100 natural numbers. The probability
1 0 0
cn-
that x + > 50 is
x
(a) 1/10 (b) 11/50
(c) 1/20 (d) None of these
42. If X and Y are independent binomial variates
B (5, 1/2) and B (7, 1/2) then P(X+Y= 3)
is
(a) 55/1024 (b) 55/4098
(c) 55/2048 (d) None of these
43. A die is rolled three times, the probability of
getting a larger number than the previous
number each time is
(a) 15/216 (b) 5/54
(c) 13/216 (d) 1/18
44. A sum of money is rounded off to the nearest
rupee; the probability that round off error is
at least ten paise is
(a) 19/101 (b) 19/100
(c) 82/101 (d) 81/100
45. Eight coins are tossed at a time, the
probability of getting atleast 6 heads up, is
7 57
(a) 77 ( b) 77
64
37
^ 256
(d)
64
229
256
46. 10% bulbs manufactured by a company are
defective. The probability that out of a
sample of 5 bulbs, none is defective, is
(a) (1/ 2)
5
(b) (1/10)
5
(c) (9/10) (d) (9/10)
5
47. Of the 25 questions in a unit, a student has
worked out only 20. In a sessional test of that
unit, two questions were asked by the
teacher. The probability that the student can
solve both the questions correctly, is
(a) 8/25 (b) 17/25
(c) 9/10 (d) 19/30
Probability 71
(a) I P (A/B) ( b) 1 - P ( A/B)
P(B) P(B)
55. A three digit number, which is multiple of
11, is chosen at random. Probability that the
number so chosen is also a multiple of 9 is
equal to
(a) 1/9 (b) 2/9
(c) 1/100 (d) 9/100
T
, l + 4 p \ - p 1- 2/ 7
so. If ' - , ^ , ' - are probabilities ot
4 4 2
three mutually exclusive events, then
(a )\<P<\
(C)j:<p<\
1
(b ) - J < p < J
(d
1
) None of these
48. The probability that at least one of the events
A and B occur is 0-6. If A and B occur
simultaneously with probability 0\2, then
P(A) + P(B), where Aa ndB are
complements of A and B respectively, is
equal to
(a) 0-4 (b) 0-8
(c) 1-2 (d) 1-4
49. Let /I = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and B = {2, 4, 6, 8}.
An element (a, b) of their cartesian product
A x B is chosen at random. The probability
that a + b = 9. is
(a) 1/5 (b) 2/5
(c) 3/5 (d) 4/5
50. Dialing a telephone number, a man forgot the
last two digits and remembering only that
they are different, dialled them at random.
The probability of the number being dialed
correctly is
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/45
(c) 1/72 (d) 1/90
51. If A and B are any two events, then the
probability that exactly one of them occurs,
is
(a ) P ( A n B ) + B( An B)
(b) P [A u B) + P (A u B)
(c) P(A) + P (B) - P (A n B)
(d) P (A) + P (B) + IP (A n B)
52. A speaks truth in 609c cases and B speaks
truth in 70% cases. The probability that they
will say the same thing while describing a
single event is
(a) 0:56 (b) 0-54
(c) 0-38 (d) 0-94
53. If the integers X and (i are chosen at random
between 1 to 100 then the probability that a
number of the form 7
X
+ 7
U
is dirisible by 5 is
(a) 1/ 4 (b) 1/ 7
(c) 1/8 (d) 1/ 49
54. If two events A and B are _such that P (A) > 0
and B (B) * 1, then P ( A/B ) is equal to
MULTIPLE CHOICE - I I
Each question, in this part, has one or more than one correct answers). For each question, write the letters
a. b. c. d corresponding to the correct answerfs).
57. A box contains tickets numbered 1 to 20. 3
tickets are drawn from the box with
replacement. The probability that the largest
number on the tickets is 7 is
(a) 7/20 (b) 1 - ( 7/ 20 f
(c) 2/10 (d) None of these
58. Two numbers .v and y are chosen at random
from the set {1. 2. 3 30}. The probability
that .v" - y" is divisible by 3 is
(a) 3/29 (b) 4/29
(c) 5/29 (d) None of these
59. A fair die is thrown until a score of less than
five points is obtained. The probability of
obtaining less than three points on the last
throw is
(a) 3/4 (b) 4/5
(c) 5/6 (d) 1/2
60. Seven digits from the digits 1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6, 7.
8. 9 are written in a random order. The
probability that this seven digit number is
divisible by 9 is
(a) 2/9 (b) 1/5
(c) 1/3 (c) 1/9
61. A fair coin is tossed n times. Let X= the
number of times head occurs. If
p (X = 4). P (X = 5) and P (X = 6) are in A.P.
then the value of n can be
72
Obj ective Mathematics
(a) 7 (b) 10
(c) 12 (d) 14
62. A and B are two events, the probability that
exactly one of them occurs is given by
(a) P (A) + P (B) - 2 ( A n f i )
(b) P (A u B) - P (A nB)
(c) P (A') + P{B') - 2P (A' n B')
(d) P (A r\ B") + P (A' n B)
63. A wire of length I is cut into three pieces.
What is the probability that the three pieces
form a triangle ?
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/4
(c) 2/3 (d) None of these
64. Suppose X is a binomial variate
B (5, p) and P (X=2) = P (X= 3), then p is
equal to
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3
(c) 1/4 (d) 1/5
65. A bag contains four tickets marked with 112,
121, 211, 222 one ticket is drawn at random
from the bag. Let E, {i = 1, 2, 3} denote the
event that ith digit on the ticket is 2. Then
(a) and E
2
are independent
(b) E
2
and E
3
are indepndent
(c) E
3
and are independent
(d) ], E
2
, E
3
are independent
66. A bag contains four tickets numbered 00, 01,
10, 11. Four tickets are chosen at random
with replacement, 'the probability that sum of
the numbers on the tickets is 23 is
(a) 3/32 (b) 1/64
(c) 5/256 (d) 7/256
67. A natural number is selected at random from
the set X= (x/1 <x< 100}. The probability
that the number satisfies the inequation
x
2
- 13.x <30, is
(a) 9/ 50 (b) 3/ 20
(c) 2/ 11 (d) None of these
68. Two integers x and y are chosen, without
replacement, at random from the set
{x/0 < x < 10, x is an integer} the probability
that Ix > I < 5 is
87 89
(a)
121
, ^
91
(b)
(d)
121
101
121
69. The adjoining Fig. gives the road plan of
lines connecting two parallel ro^ds
AB and A
X
B
X
. A man walking on the road AB
takes a turn at random to reach the road A jB,.
It is known that he reaches the road A
X
B\
from O by taking a straight line. The chance
that he moves on a straight line from the road
AB to theAjB, is
(a) 0-25 (b) 0 04
(c) 0-2 (d) None of these
70. If a e [ - 20, 0], then the probability that the
graph of the function y=16x + 8 ( a + 5)
x - la - 5 is strictly above the x-axis is
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/17
(c) 17/20 (d) None of these
71. Two distinct numbers are selected at random
from the first twelve natural numbers. The
probability that the sum will be divisible by 3
is
(a) 1/3 (b) 23/66
(c) 1/2 (d) None of these
72. If A and B are independent events such that
0 < P(A) <\,0<P (B)< I then
(a) A, B are mutually exclusive
(b) A and B are independent
(c) A, B are independent
(d) P (A/B) + P (A/B) = 1
73. Given that x e [0, 1] and y e [0, 1]. Let A be
the event of (x, y) satisfying y
2
< x and B be
the event of (x, y) satisfying x < y, then
(a) P (A n B) = (b) A, B are exclusive
(c) P (A) = P (B) (d) P (B) < P (A)
74. The probability that out of 10 persons, all
born in April, at least two have the same
birthday is
30, 30,
(a)-
' 1 0
(C)
(30)
10
( 30) ' -
30
C
10
(b) 1
' 1 0
30 !
(30)
10
(d) None of these
75. A pair of fair dice is rolled together till a sum
of either 5 or 7 is obtained, the probability
that 5 comes before 7 is
(a) 0-2 (b) 0-3
(c) 0-4 (d) 0-5
Probability
73
76. A second order determinant is writeen down
at random using the numbers 1, - 1 as
elements. The probability that the value of
the determinant is non zero is
(a) 1/2 (b) 3/8
(c) 5/8 (d) 1/3
77. A five digit number is chosen at random. The
probability that all the digits are distinct and
digits at odd place are odd and digits at even
places are even is
(a) 1/ 25 (b) 1/ 75
(c) 1/37 (d) 1/ 74
78. A natural number is selected from 1 to 1000
at random, then the probability that a
particular non-zero digit appears at most
once is
(a) 3/ 250 (b) 143/250
(c) 243/250 (d) 7/250
79. If A and B are events at the same experiments
with P(A) = 0-2, P (B) = 0-5, then maximum
value of P(A' nB) is
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2
(c) 1/8 (d) 1/16
80. x
x
,x
2
, Jt
3
, ..., x
i0
are fifty real numbers such
that x
r
<x
r+
\ for r= 1, 2, 3, ..,49. Five
numbers out of these are picked up at
random. The probability that the five
numbers have x
20
as the middle number is
(a)
(c)
2 Q
C
2
x
3 0
C
2
50
C
19
C
2
x
31
C
3
5 0 -
(b)
30
C
2
X
19
C
2
50
c<
(d) None of these
81. If A and B are two events such that
P (A) = 1/ 2 and P (B) = 2/ 3, then
(a) P (A yj B)> 2/ 3
(b) P (A n B') < 1/ 3
(c) \/6<P(Ar^B)<\/2
(d) \/6<P(A' nB)< 1/ 2
82. For two events A and B, if
P(A) = P(A/B)=\/A and P (B/A) = 1/2,
then
(a) A and B are independent
(b) A and B are mutually exclusive
(c) P ( A' / B) = 3/ 4
(d) P (B'/A') = 1/ 2
83. A student appears for tests I, II and III. The
student is successful if he passes either in
tests I and II or tests I and III. The
probabilities of the student passing in tests I,
II, III are p, q and 1/2 respectively. If the
probability that the student is successful is
1/2 then
( a ) p= 1, 0 = 0 ( b) p = 2/ 3, q= 1/ 2
(c) p = 3/ 5, q = 2/ 3
(d) there are infinitely many values of p and q.
84. A bag contains 14 balls of two colours, the
number of balls of each colour being the
same. 7 balls are drawn at random one by
one. The ball in hand is returned to the bag
before each new drawn. If the probability
that at least 3 balls of each colour are drawn
is p then
1 J_
;
2
2
85. All the spades are taken out from a pack of
cards. From these cards; cards are drawn one
by one without replacement till the ace of
spades comes. The probability that the ace
comes in the 4th draw is
(a) 1/13 (b) 12/13
(c) 4/13 (d) None of these
86. Let X be a set containing n elements. If two
subsets A and B of X are picked at random,
the probability that A and B have the same
number of elements is
2
n
,
(b)
(a) p > ^
(c)p<\
(b )
P
= :
(d )p<
C
n 1_
2 ris-,
3" 1.3.5. . . ( 2 n - i )
I a"
2 . n ! 4
87. A die is thrown 2n + 1 times, n e N. The
probability that faces with even numbers
show odd number of times is
(a)
2 n + 1
(b) less than
1
2n + 3 2
(c) greater than 1/2 (d) None of these
88. If E and F arc the complementary events of
the events E and fj cspcct i vcl y then
(a) P (E/F) + P ( E/F) = 1
(b) P (E/F) + P (E/F) = 1
74 Objective Mathematics
89.
(c) P ( E/F) + P (E/F) = 1
(d) P (E/F) + P ( E/F) = 1
A natural number x is chosen at random from
the first one hundred natural numbers. The
probability that
(a) 1/50
(c) 7/25
(x - 20) (x - 40)
( x - 3 0 )
(b) 3/50
(d) 9/50
< 0 is
90. Three six faced fair dice are thrown together.
The probability that the sum of the numbers
appearing on the dice is k (3 < k < 8) is
(a)
(k-\)(k-2)
432
( C) *"' C
2
216
Practice Test
(b)
432
M.M. : 20
Time : 30 Min.
(A) There are 10 parts in this question. Each part has one or more than one correct answer(s).
2.
A four digit number (numered from 0000 to
9999) is said to be lucky if sum of its first
two digits is equal to sum of its l ast two
digits. If a four digit number is picked up at
random, t he probability t hat it is lucky
number is
(a) 1 67 (b) 2-37
(c) 0 067 (d) 0-37
A number is chosen at random from t he
numbers 10 to 99. By seing t he number a
man will l augh if product of t he digits is 12.
If he chosen t hree numbers with
repl acement t hen t he probability t hat he
will l augh at l east once is
s3 ,
t
o
s
3
(a) 1 -
(c) 1
31
45
42
43
(b) 1
(d) 1 - 7c
43
45
41
45
3. If X follows a binomial distribution with
par amet er s n = 8 and p = 1/ 2 t hen
p ( | x-4 | <2) =
(a) 121/ 128 (b) 119/ 128
(c) 117/ 128 (d) 115/ 128
4. Two numbers b and c are chosen at random
(with repl acement from t he numbers 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9). The probability t hat
2
x + bx + c > 0 for all x e R is
(a) 17/123 (b) 32/81
(c) 82/ 125 '(d) 45/143
5. Suppose n boys and m girls take their seats
randoml y round a circle. The probability of
[10 x 2 = 20]
(a) no two boys sit together
(b) no two girls sit together
(c) boys and girls sit alternatively
(d) all t he boys sit together
6. The probabilities of different faces of a
biased dice to appear are as follows :
Face number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Probability 0 1 0-32 0-21 015 005 0 1 7
The dice is t hrown and it is known t hat
ei t her t he face number 1 or 2 will appear.
Then t he probability of t he face number 1
to appear is
(a) 5/21 (b) 5/13
(c) 7/23 (d) 3/10
7. A card is selected at random from cards
numbered as 00, 01, 02, ...,99. An event is
said to have occured. If product of digits of
t he card number is 16. If card is selected 5
times with repl acement each time, t hen t he
probability t hat t he event occurs exactly
t hree times is
,3
(a)
5
C
3
(b)
5
C
a
(c)
5
C
3
3
100
3
100
3
100
3
97
100
97
100
97
100
2
their sitting is (
2n >
C
n
)
1
when
(d) 20 (0 03) (0-97)'
Let A, B, C be t hree mut ual l y i ndependent
events. Consider t he two st at ement s
S j and S
2
.
Probability
75
Sj : A and B u C are independent
S
2
: A and B n C are independent t hen
(a) Both Si and S
2
are t rue
(b) Only Si is t rue
(c) Only S
2
is t rue
(d) Neither Si nor S
2
is t rue
9. Sixteen players Pi, P
2
- ^16 P^ay i
n a
t ournament . They are divided into eight
pairs at random. From each pair a winner
is decided on t he basis of a game played
between the two players of the pair.
Assuming t hat all the players are of equal
strength, the probability t hat exactly one of
Record Your Score
the two players P
t
and P
2
is among t he
eight winners is
(a) 4/15 (b) 7/15
(c) 8/15 (d) 17/30
10. The probabilities t hat a st udent in
Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry
are a, p and y respectively. Of these
subjects, a student has a 75% chance of
passing in at least one, a 50% chance of
passing in at least two, and a 40% chance of
passing in exactly two subjects. Which of
the following relations are t rue ?
(a) a + p + y = 19/ 20
( b) a + P+ y=27/ 20
(c) apy= 1/ 10 (d) aPy = 1/ 4
Max. Marks
1. First attempt
2. Second attempt
3. Third attempt must be 100%
Answers
Multiple Choice
l . ( c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (c)
7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (d)
13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (d)
19. (c) 20. (b) 21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (b)
25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (d)
31. (d) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (c) 36. (d)
37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (d) 41. (d) 42. (a)
43. (b) 44. (d) 45. (c) 46. (d) 47. (d) 48. (c)
49. (a) 50. (d) 51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (c)
55. (a) 56. (d) 57. (d) 58. fd) 59. (d) 60. (d)
Multiple Choice -II
61. (a), fd) 62. (a), (b), (c), (d) 63. (b) 64. (a) 65. (a), (b), (c)
66. (a) 67. (b) 68. (c) 69. (c) 70. (d) 71. (a)
72. (b), (c), (d) 73. (a) 74. (c) 75. (c) 76. fa) 77. (b)
78. (c) 79. (b) 80. (b) 81. (a,, (b), (c), (d) 82. (a), (c), (d)
83. (a), (b), (c), (d) 84. (a) 85. (a) 86. (a, c) 87. (d)
88. (a, d) 89. (d) 90. (a, c)
Practice Test
l . ( c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a), (b), (c) 6. (a)
7. (b), (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (b), (c)
LOGARITHMS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
i.e.,
i.e.,
1. Definition : e is the base of natural logarithm (Napier logarithm).
In x= log
e
x
and logio ei s known as Napierian constant
l og
1 0
e = 0-43429448 ...
I nx= 2 303 logio x Since l nx= logio x. loge 10 = - = 2-30258509 ..
logio e
2. Properti es:
(i) a
k
= x<^> l og
e
x= /c; a > 0, a * 1, x > 0 (ii) a * = e * '
n a
, a > 0
(iii) n! (x) = 2nn /'+ ln(x); x * 0, i=^T, x> 0 (iv) log
a
(mn) = log
a
m+ log
a
n; a > 0, a * 1, m, n> 0
(v) log
a
( m/n) = log
a
m - l o g
a
n ; a >0 , a * 1 , m, n > 0
(vi) log
a
(1) = 0; a > 0 , a * 1 (vii) log
a
a = 1; a > 0, a * 1
(viii) log
a
(mf = n log
a
(m); a > 0, a * 1, m > 0 (ix) a'
096 (x)
= (x)
l ogt , {a)
; b * 1; a, b, xan positive numbers.
loga (x)
(x) a'
9s w
= x; 4 > 0, a * 1 , x > 0 (xi) log/, (x) =
log
a
(b)
; a * 1, bit 1; a, b, xar e positive numbers.
(xiii) log
a
{x)
2k
= 2k \oga I x\; x >0 , a > 0 , a * 1 (xii) loga*(x) = j log
a
(x); a > 0, a * 1, x> 0
(xiv) log
a
2ic
(x) = ^ logi
a
i (x); x > 0, 0; a > 0, a * 1
(xv) log
a
(x
2
) * 2 log
a
(x) Since domain of log
a
(x
2
) is R ~ {0}
and domain of log
a
(x) is (0, <>) are not same and for x < 0, log
a
x is imaginary.
(xvi) log
a
x > 0 if either x > 1, a > 1 o r 0 < x < 1 , 0 < a < 1
(xvii) log
a
x< 0 if either x> 1, 0 < a < 1 or 0 < x < 1, a > 1
(xviii) If log
a
(x) > log
a
(y) then x > y if a > 1 and x < y i f 0 < a < 1
(xix) If a > 1, log
a
(x) < k o 0 < x < a
k
and log
a
(x) > k <=> x > a
k
(xx) If 0 < a < 1, log
a
(x) < k o x > a
k
and log
a
(x) > k o 0 < x < a
k
(xxi) If a" = a
y
t hen the following case hold :
(i) x and y can be any integer if a = 1 (ii) xand y can be any even integer if a = - 1
(iii) xa nd yean be any real number if a = 0 (iv) x=yi f a * 0, - 1, + 1.
MULTIPLE CHOICEI
Each question in this part has four choices out of which just one is correct. Indicate your choice of correct
answer for each question by writing one of the letters a, b, c, d which ever is appropriate.
1. If A = log
2
log
2
log
4
256 + 2 logvy 2 then A =
(a) 2 (b) 3
( c) 5 (d) 7
i l
15 J '
D
| 24 | ' | 80
is equal to
2. 7 1 o g | i f l
+
5 1 o g f f f V 3 1 o g
( a) 0 (b) 1
(c) log 2 (d) log 3
3. For y = log
n
x to be defined ' a' must be
(a) any positive real number
(b) any number (c) > e
(d) any positive real number ^ I
Logarithms and Thei r Properties 77
If log 10 3 = 0-477, the number of digit in 3
40
is
(a) 18 (b) 19
(c) 20 (d) 21
5. If x = log
3
5, y = log
I 7
25, which one of the
following is correct ?
(a )x<y (b )x = y
(c) x > y (d) None of these
6. The domain of the function V(log
0
5 x) is
(a) (1, oo) (b) (0, oo)
(c) (0, 1] (d) (0-5, 1)
7. The number log
2
7 is
(a) an integer (b) a rational number
(c) an irrational number
(d) a prime number
8. The value of
1
13.
(a) xyz (b) abc
( c) 0 ( d) l
1 1 1
- + - : + "
1 1
+ 7 + . . . +
log
2
n log
3
n
1
(a)
(c)
log 43 ! n
1
(b)
(d)
log
43
n
1
is
log
43
n
1
log
42
n log
43
n !
9. l og|
0
tan 1 + log
10
tan 2 + ... + log
I 0
tan 89 =
( a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 27 (d) 81
10. If log
12
27 = a then ! og
6
16 =
1 + log
a
be 1 + log
fc
ca 1 + log
c
ab
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
14.
I f (4
yg* 3 + ( 9 ) i o g 2 4 = ( ] ( ) ) ] o g , 83 t h e n x =
( a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 10 (d) 30
15. If
x
, y, z are in G.P. and a = b
y
= c
z
then
(a) log
fc
a = log
c
b (b) log
c
b = log
a
c
(c) log
fl
c = \og
b
a (d) log
a
b = 2 log
a
c
16
x(y + z-x)
=
y(z + x-y)
=
z(x+y-z)
l og* l ogy l ogz
then x"y
x
= z*'y
l
=
(a )
Z
V (b) x
z
y
x
( c ) / / (d) x
x
y
y
17- If log
3
2, log
3
(2^ - 5), log
3
(2* - 7/ 2) are in
A.P. then x =
(a) 1 (b) 2
( c) 3 (d) 4
18. If y = a' ~
l0

x
and z = a
1
'
lo
s >' then x =
l l
(a) a' +'sz
l
(a) 2-
( c) 4
3-a
3 + a
3 - a
(b) 3
(d) 5
3 a
3 + a
3-a
(c)
(b) a
2+,
g,<
z
i
(d) a
2
->gz
10
19. I f l og^- ^ = 3 Y
t h e n b
=
3+aj [ 3 + a
11- log 7 log
7
(a) 3 log
2
7 (b) 3 log
7
2
(c) 1 - 3 log
7
2 (d) 1 - 3 log
2
7
12. = ^ =
b-c c a a-b
MULTI PLE CHOI CE- I I
Each question in this part, has one or more than one correct answer(s). For each question, write the letters
a, b, c, d corresponding to the correct answer(s).
(a) 2 (b) 8
(c) 32 (d) 64
20. If log
3
( x - 1) < log
0 09
( x - 1) then x lies in
the interval
( a ) ( - oo, i ) (b) (1, 2)
(c) (2, ) (d) None of these
21. The value of 3
,og4 5
5
, og4 3
is
( a) 0 ( b) l
(c) 2 (d) None of these
22. The value of \og
h
a. log
c
b. log
;/
c. log
a
d is
(a) 0 (b) log abed
(c) log 1 (d) 1
23. If x
1 8
= / ' = z
2 8
then 3, 3 log
v
x, 3 log
z
y,
7 l og^ are in
(a) A.P. (b) G.P.
(c) H.P. (d) A.G.P.
24. If - + - > x then x be
log
3
7i log
4
n
78 Obj ective Mathematics
(a) 2 (b)3 ( a) - 2 ( b) - l
(c) n (d) None of these (
c
) o (d) 1
JC
]o
Sl
x
LOG2)' ' 0G2^ , 3 2 ,
TU
, \
Qaa
10S.b LOSC
25. I f - = = ^ - a n d x ; y z = 1 then/: =
2
8.
I f
J ^ L
=

=
l u
^
t h e n
(b -c) (c - a) (a - b)
( a ) - 8 ( b) - 4 b + c ic + a a + h
v
a .b .c -
(c)0
( d ) l 0 g 2
( 2 5 6 j
( b ) 1
+ M ( Ina + lnb \ , a b (c)a + b + c (d) log,, a. log
c
b log
a
c
26. If In - = then + -
29. If log
3
(5 + 4 log
3
(x 1)) = 2, then x =
2 b a
(a)l (b) 3 (a) 2 (b) 4
(c)8 (d) log
2
16
(c)5 (d) 7
27. If n = 1983 ! then the value of
1 ' 1 30. if 2x'
og4 3
+ 3'
084 x
= 27 then x:
- + - + ; + ..
log
2
n l og
3
n log
4
n " ' ' log 1983 n (a) 2 (b) 4
is equal to (c) 8 (d) 16
Practice Test
M.M. : 10 Time 15 Min.
(A) There are 5 parts in this question. Each part has one or more than one correct answer(s).
[ 5 x 2 = 10]
1. The interval of .r in which the inequality
gl / 4 log* x
> 5 i
1 / 5 log
5
x
(a) (0, 5"
2
( b) [ 5
2 Vr
, ~)
(c) both (a) & (b) (d) None of these
2. The solution set of the equation
log
x
2 loga* 2 = log^ 2 is
( b) { 1 / 2 , 2 }
,2
(a) {2- ^, 2^)
(c) { 1/ 4 , 2 j (d) None of these
3. The least value of the expression
2 log]
0
x - \og
x
0 01 is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c)6 (d) 8
4. The solution of the equation
log
7
log
5
(Vx + 5 + -Jx) = 0 is
(a) 1 (b)3
(c) 4 (d) 5
5. The number of solutions of
log
4
(x - 1) = log
2
(x - 3) is
(a) 3
(c)2
Answers
(b) 1
(d)0
Multiple Choice -I
1. (c) 2. (c)
7. (c) 8. (a)
13. (b) 14. (c)
19. (c) 20. (c)
Multiple Choice -II
21. (a) 22. (a), (c)
27. (d) 28. (b), (d)
Practice Test
1. (c) 2. (a)
3. (d)
9. (a)
15. (a)
23. (a)
29. (b)
3. (b)
4. (c)
10. (c)
16. (a)
24. (a)
30. (d)
4. (c)
5.(c)
11. (c)
17. (c)
25. (a), (d)
6. (c)
12. (a)
18. (c)
26. (d)
5. (b)
MATRICES
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS, FORMULAE AND TECHNIQUES
9.1 Definition
An mx n matrix is usually written as
an ai2 am
321 a
2
2 a2n
a
m
i a
m
2 amn
where the symbols ai/ represent any numbers (a/y lies in the Ah row (from top) and /th column (from left)).
Matrices represented by [ ], (), IIII
Note: If two matrices A and B are of the same order, then only their addition and subtraction is
possible and these matrices are said to be conformable for addition or subtraction. On the other
hand if the matrices A and B are of different orders then their addition and subtraction is not
possible and these matrices are called non-conformable for addition and subtraction.
9.2 Various Kinds of Matrices
(i) Idempotent Matrix : A square matrix A is called idempotent provided it satisfies the relation A
2
= A.
(ii) Periodic Matrix : A square matrix A is the least positive integer for which A
k+1
= A, then k is said to
be period of A. For k= 1, we get A
2
= A and we called it to be idempotent matrix.
(iii) Nilpotent Matrix : A square matrix A is called Nilpotent matrix of order m provided it satisfies the
relation A*' = 0 and A~
1
* 0, where k is positive integer and 0 is null matrix and k is the order of the nilpotent
matrix A.
(iv) Involutory Matrix : A square matrix A is called involutory provided it satisfies the relation A
2
= I,
where I is identity matrix.
(v) Symmetric Matrix : A square matrix will be called symmetric if for all values of / and j, i.e., a,j= aji or
A' = A
(vi) Skew Symmetric Matrix : A square matrix is called skew symmetric matrix if (i) a, y=-a// for all
values of / and j. (ii) All diagonal elements are zero, or A' = - A.
Note : Every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as the sum of symmetric and skew symmetric
matrix.
i.e., A (A + A') + ~ (A - A'), where ^ (A + A') and ^ (A - A')
are symmetric and skew symmetric parts of A
(vii) Orthogonal Matrix : A square matrix A is called an orthogonal matrix if the product of the matrix A
and its transpose A' is an identity matrix.
i.e., AA' = I
Note (i) If AA' = / then A"
1
= A'
Note (ii) If A and B are orthogonal then AB is also orthogonal.
80 Obj ective Mathematics
(viii) Complex Conjugate (or Conjugate) of a Matrix : if a matrix A is having complex numbers as its
elements, the matrix obtained from A by replacing each element of A by its conjugate (a ib= a+ ib) is
called the conjugate of matrix A and is denoted by A.
(ix) Hermitian Matrix : A square matrix A such that A' = A is called Hermitian matrix, provided a,/ = ajifor
all values of /' and j or A = A.
(x) Skew-Hermitian Matrix : A square matrix A such that A' = - A is called skew-hermitian matrix,
provided a
f
y = - ay for all values of i and j or A = - A.
(xi) Unitary Matrix : A square matrix A is called a unitary matrix if AA = I, where I is an identity matrix
and A is the transposed conjugate of A.
Properties of Unitary Matrix
(i) If A is unitary matrix, then A' is also unitary.
(ii) If A is unitary matrix, then A~
1
is also unitary.
(iii) If A and B are unitary matrices then AB is also unitary.
9.3 Properties of adjoint A
(a) If A be n rowed square matrix then
(adj A) A = A (adj A) = I A I. In
i.e., the product of a matrix and its adjoint is commutative.
Deductions of a:
Deducation 1. If A is n rowed square singular matrix then
(adj A) A = A (adj A) = 0 (null matrix)
since for singular matrix, I A I =0.
Deduction 2. If A is n rowed square non-singular matrix, then
I adj A I = I A
1
since for singular matrix, I A I * 0.
(b) Adj (AB) = (Adj B) (Adj A)
(c) (Adj A)' = Adj A'
(d) adj (adj A) = I A l "~
2
A, where A is a non-singular matrix.
. 2
(e) I {Adj (Adj) A) I = I A l
tn
' , where A is a non-singular matrix.
(f) Adjoint of a diagonal matrix is a diagonal matrix.
(g) det (nA) = n" det (A)
Note : Inverse of a non-singular diagonal matrix :
" a 0 0 "
A = such that I A I * 0
0 0
I
0 1
C
9.4 Types of Equations
(1) When system of equations is non-homogeneous :
(1) If I A I * 0, then the system of equations is consistent and has a unique solution give by X = A
- 1
B.
(ii) If I A I = 0 and (adj A) B * 0, then the system of equations is inconsistent and has no solutions.
(iii) If I A I = 0 and (adj A) B = O then the system of equations is consistent and has an infinite number
of solutions.
(2) When system of equations is homogeneous :
Matrices
81
(i) If I A I * 0, the system of equations have only trivial solution and it has one solution.
(ii) If I A I = 0, the system of equations has non-trivial solution and it has infinite solutions.
(iii) If No. of equations < No. of unknowns, then it has non trivial solution.
Note : Non-homogeneous linear equations also solved by Cramer's rule this method has been discussed
in the chapter on determinants.
9.5 Rank of Matrix
The rank of a matrix is said to be r if
(i) If has at least minors of order ris different from zero.
(ii) All minors of A of order higher than r ar e zero.
The rank of A is denoted by p (A).
Note 1. The rank of a zero matrix is zero and the rank of an identity matrix of order n is n.
Note 2. The rank of a matrix in echelon form is equal to the number of non-zero rows of the matrix.
Note 3. The rank of a non-singuiar matrix (I A I * 0) of order n is n.
9.6 Types of Linear Equations
(1) Consistent Equations : If Rank of A = Rand of C
(1) Unique Solution : Rank of A = Rank of C = n
where n = number of unknowns
(ii) Infinite Solution : Rank of A = Rank of C = r
where r< n
(2) Inconsistent Equations : i.e., no solutions.
Rank of A # Rank of C.
MULTI PLE CHOI CE- I
Each question in this part has four choices out of which just one is correct. Indicate your choice of correct
answer for each question by writing one of the letters a, b, c, d whichever is appropriate.
1. Let A and B be two matrices, then
(a) AB = BA (b)AB * BA
(c) AB < BA (d) AB > BA
2. Let A and B be two matrices such that
A = 0, AB = 0, then equation always implies
that
(a) B = 0 (b) B * 0
(c) B = - A (d) B = A'
3. In matrices :
(a) (A + B)
2
= A
2
+ 2AB + B
2
(b) (A + B)
2
= A
2
+ B
2
(c) (A + B)
2
* A
2
+ 2AB + B
2
(d) (A + B)
2
= A
2
+ 2BA + B
2
4. The characteristic of an orthogonal matrix A
is
(b) A A"
1
= I
(d) A A' = I
0 0"
3 0 is equal to
0 5
(a) 4
L
(b) 3
( c) 5
(a) A ' A = I
(c) A' A"
1
= I
' 4
5. The rank of 0
0
" 3 - r X 4"
2 5
y
- 3
6.
(a) x = 3,y =
(c) x l,y = -
7. Given A = *
result is true ?
(a) A
2
= I
(d) 1
(b) x = 2,y = 5
(d).x = - l , y = 1
, which of the following
(b) A = - I
(c) A"
1
= 21 (d) None of these
8. With 1 co, co
2
as cube roots of unity, inverse
of which of the following matrices exists ?
(a)
(c)
1
co
CO
>
CO"
CO
CO
2
CO
2
1
CO
1
1
CO
(b)
(d) None of these
If A is an orthogonal matrix, then A
1
equals
82
Obj ective Mathematics
(a) A
(c) A
2
10. If A:
3
- 3
2
(b) A'
(d) None of these
, then trace of A is,
16
(a) 17 (b) 25
(c) 8 (d) 15
11. If A is a square matrix of order n x n, then
adj (adj A) is equal to
(a) I A I" A (b) I A I" ~
1
A
'(c) IA I "
- 2
A (d) I A l" ~
3
A
, * T T
If A is a square matrix, then adj A - (adj A)
is equal to
(a) 2 I A I (b) 2 I A 11
(c) Null (d) Unit matrix
13. If A =
x
is a matrix of rank r, then
(a) r = min (m, n) (b) r > min (m, n)
(c) r < min (m, n) (d) None of these
14. If A is an orthogonal matrix, then
(a) I A I = 0
(c) IA I = 2
15. The matrix
1
1
- 1
(b) IA I = 1
(d) None of these
2 3'
2 3
- 2 - 3
is
(a) idempotent (b) nilpotent
(c) involutory (d) orthogonal
16. Matrix theory was introduced by
(a) Cauchy-Riemann
(b) Caley-Hamilton
(c) Newton
(d) Cacuchy-Schwar
a 0 0
17. If A =
(a)
(c)
0
0
0
b
0
1 /a
0
0
b
0
0"
0
c
0
\/b
0
then A
1
=
(b)
a
0
0
0
0
1/ c
(d)
0
ab
0
- a
0
0
0
0
ac
0
-b
0
18. If A =
(a) A
(c) 3 A
19. The matrix
the line
(a)x=\
(c) y - 1
- 2
1
- 2
- 2
- 2 then adj A=
(b) A
(d) 3 \
T
is the matrix reflection in
(b)x + y = 1
(d) x = y
20. If I is the identity matrix of order n, then
s
-1
( U"
(a) does not exist (b) I
(c) 0 (d) n I
21. If A = is an idempotent matrix
2 - 2 - 4
- 1 3 4
1 - 2 x
then x =
(a) - 5 (b) - 1
( c) - 3 ( d) - 4
22. If A is non-singular matrix, then Det (A
(a) Det
(c) Det
23. The matrix
(b);
1
(d)
Det (A
z
)
1
1
- 1
1
matrix of index
(a) 1
( c) 3
Det (A)
- 3 4
5 4
- 3 - 4
(b) 2
(d) 4
is a nilpotent
24. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix, then trace
of A is
( a) - 5 ( b) 0
(c) 24 (d) 9
25. If the matrix A =
a =
( a) - 2
( c) 0
1
12
1
- i
(b) 1
(d) 1
is unitary, then
26. If 3 A = and AA' = I, then
Matrices 83
( a) - 5 ( b) - 4
( c) - 3 ( d) - 2
27. The sum of two idepotent matrices A and B
is dempotent if AB = BA =
(c) 3 (d^) None of these
29. If A, B, C are non singular n x n matrices,
then (ABC)
1
=
(a) 4
( c) 2
28. The rank of
(b)3
(d) 0
3
(b) cr' B~' A
- 1
is equal to
(a) A"
1
B~
1
C
1
(c) A
- 1
C~
1 1
(d j r ' c ' A " '
30- If A
2
+ A - 1 = 0, then A~
1
=
(a) A - I ( b ) I - A
(c) I + A (d) None of these
(b)2 (a) 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE-II
Each question in this part, has one or more than one correct answer(s). For each question, write the letters
a, b, c, d corresponding to the correct answer(s).
31. If A = then
(a) A"' = 9 A (b) A" = 27 A
.2 , . - !
32. A =
(c) A + A = A" (d) A
4 x + 2
2x - 3 x+\
does not exist
is symmetric, then x
(a)3 (b) 5
( c) 2 (d) 4
33. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. The
following system of equations in x, y and z
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= i = i - f L + y _
2 ,2 ' 2 ,~> 7 > 2 ,2
a Zr b
L
+ = 1 has
c
(a) no solution
(b) unique solution
(c) infinitely many solutions
(d) finitely many solutions
8 - 6
34. If the matrix A = - 6 7
2 - 4
then X -
(a) 3
( c) 2
2
- 4
X
is singular,
(b)4
( d) 5
35. If A is a 3 x 3 matrix and det (3 A)
= k {det ( A) }, k =
( a) 9 (b) 6
(c) 1 (d) 27
36. If A =
cos x sin JC 0
- sin x cos x 0
0 0 1
=/ ( *) , then A ' =
(a ) f ( - x ) (b ) / ( *)
(c )-f{x) (d ) - f ( - x )
37. For all values of X, the rank of the matrix
A =
1
X
&X + 4
5
8 X - 6
2X + 21
i + r
(a) for X = 2, p (A) = 1
(b) for X = - 1, p (A) = 2
( c ) f or A, ? t 2, - l , p( A) = 3
(d) None of these
38. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such
that IA I = - 1,1B \ = 3, then I 3AB I equals
(b) 91
(d) 81
2x + y = 5, x + 3y = 5,
( a) - 9
(c) - 27
39. The equations
x - 2y = 0 have
(a) no solution
(b) one solution
(c) two solutions
(d) infinity many solutions
40. If A is 3 x 4 matrix B is a matrix such A' B
and BA' are both defined. Then B is of the
type
(a) 3 x 4
(b) 3 x 3
(c) 4 x 4
(d) 4 x 3
84 Obj ective Mathematics
Practice Test
M. M: 20 Time : 30 Min
(A) There are 10 parts in this question. Each part has one or more than one correct answer(s).
[10 x 2 = 20]
a 1 (a) A (b) - A
- a ' (
c
)Nul l matrix (d) I
1. If A= [ o f e ] , B= [ - 6 - o ] and C =
t hen t he coorect st at ement is
(a) A = - B
(b) A + B = A - B
(c) AC = BC
(d) CA = CB
2. If A =
5 2
3 1
, t hen A
1
=
(a)
1
- 3
- 2 "
5
(b)
(c)
r
- l
- 3
- 2 "
- 5
(d)
1 2
3 - 5
3. If A =
then
(a) A + B exists
(c) BA exists
1 2
3 5
and B =
5
4
- 5
(b) AB exists
(d) None of these
1 - 2 3
2 - 1 4
3k 4 1
is a
(a) rectangular mat ri
(b) singular mat ri x
(c) square mat ri x
(d) non si ngul ar mat ri x
A and B be 3 x 3 matrices. Then
| A - B [ =0 implies
(a) A = 0 or B = 0
(b) | A | = 0 and | B | = 0
(c) | A | = 0 or | B | = 0
(d) A = 0 and B = 0
1 0 0
6. If A= 0 1 0
a b -1
2
, t hen A is equal to
7. I f X =
(a)
3 - 4
1 - 1
3 n - 4 n
n - r e
, the value of X* is
(b)
2n + n 5 - n
n - n
(c) (d) None of these
3 ( - 4)
1" ( - 1) " .
Matrix A such t hat A
2
= 2 A - I, where I is
the identity matrix. Then for n > 2, A" =
(a) re A- ( r e - 1)1
(b) re A - 1
(c) 2
n
~
1
A - (re - 1) IIJ
(d) 2
n _ 1
A - 1
9. For the equations x + 2y + 3z = 1,
2x + y + 3z = 2, 5x + 5y + 9z = 4,
(a) t here is only one solution
(b) t here exists infinitely many solutions
(c) t here is no solution
(d) None of these
10. Consider the system of equations
aix + b-\y + c-\Z = 0, a^x + b$y + c<g = 0,
age + b$y + C3Z = 0 if
i
c
l
c
2 =0
<*3
b
3
c
3
t hen the system has
(a) more t han two solutions
(b) one trivial and one non-trivial solutions
(c) no solution
(d) only trivial solution (0, 0, 0)
Record Your Score
Max. Marks
1. First attempt
2. Second attempt
3. Third attempt must be 100%
Matrices 90
Answers
Multiple Choice -1
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c)
4. (d) 5. (b)
7. (b) 8. (d)
9. (b) 10. (d)
11. (c)
13. (c) 14. (b)
15. (b)
16. (b)
17. (c)
19. (d) 20. (b)
21. (c)
22. (d) 23. (b)
25. (b) 26. (c)
27. (d)
28. (a) 29. (b)
Multiple choice-ll
31. (a), (c), (d) 32. (b)
33. (b)
34. (a) 35. (d)
37. (a), (b), (c) 38. (a)
39. (b) 40. (a)
35. (d)
Practice Test
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c)
4. (c), (d) 5. (d)
7. (d) 8. (a)
9. (a) 10. (a)
6. (a)
12. (c)
18. (d)
24. (b)
30. (c)
36. (a)
6. (d)