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S Pss Example T Tests

1. The document describes conducting a two-sample t-test in SPSS to test the hypothesis that the mean pollution indexes are the same for two areas (Area A and Area B) of a city using a significance level of 0.05. 2. Air pollution index data for each area is entered into SPSS and normal Q-Q plots are created to assess the normality assumption for each group. 3. An independent samples t-test is run with the pollution index as the test variable and area as the grouping variable. 4. The t-test results fail to reject the null hypothesis of equal means between the two areas, as the p-value of 0.1616 is

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Essenzo Ferdi
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47 views

S Pss Example T Tests

1. The document describes conducting a two-sample t-test in SPSS to test the hypothesis that the mean pollution indexes are the same for two areas (Area A and Area B) of a city using a significance level of 0.05. 2. Air pollution index data for each area is entered into SPSS and normal Q-Q plots are created to assess the normality assumption for each group. 3. An independent samples t-test is run with the pollution index as the test variable and area as the grouping variable. 4. The t-test results fail to reject the null hypothesis of equal means between the two areas, as the p-value of 0.1616 is

Uploaded by

Essenzo Ferdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Two-Sample T-Tests in SPSS STAT 314

The table below shows the observed pollution indexes of air samples in two areas of a city. Test the
hypothesis that the mean pollution indexes are the same for the two areas. (Use ! = 0.05.)

Area A Area B
2.92 4.69 1.84 3.44
1.88 4.86 0.95 3.69
5.35 5.81 4.26 4.95
3.81 5.55 3.18 4.47

1. Enter the values into one variable and the corresponding sample number (1 for Area A, 2 for
Area B) into another variable (see upper-left figure, below). Be sure to code your variables
appropriately. Now it is time to check the normality assumption. Select Split File from the
Data menu so that we can tell SPSS that we want separate QQ Plots for each group (see
upper-right figure, below). Select Organize output by groups and enter area as the variable
that groups are based upon (see lower-left figure, below). Now create Normal QQ Plots to
assess the normality of each group (see separate handout on Normal QQ Plots). Once youve
created your QQ Plots and determined that your groups are approximately normally distributed,
select Split File from the Data menu and then select Analyze all cases, do not create
groups in order to return SPSS to its normal data analysis mode (see lower-right figure, below).





2. Select Analyze ! Compare Means ! Independent-Samples T Test (see upper figure, below).

3. Select Pollution Index as the test variable and click Define Groups. For Group 1, enter 1
(Area A), and for Group 2, enter 2 (Area B). Click the Options button and enter the
appropriate confidence level (95%), if needed. Click Continue to close the options and then
click OK (see the 3 lower figures, below).








4. Your output should look like this.




5. You should use the output information in the following manner to answer the question.

Step 0: Check Assumptions
Since the points of each Q-Q Plot lie close to their respective diagonal lines, we conclude
that each of the data groups is from an approximately normally distributed population.
Step 1: Hypotheses

H
0
:
A
!
B
= 0
H
a
:
A
!
B
" 0

Step 2: Significance Level
! = 0.05
Step 3: Rejection Region
Since we don!t know the population variances ( !
A
2
and !
B
2
) but think that they are not
equal (air varies across different areas of the same city due to industrialization,
vegetation, etc.), we!ll use the non-pooled t-test (Equal variances not assumed).

Reject the null hypothesis if p-value " 0.05.
Step 4: Test Statistic

From the output, T = 1.4779 with 13.9939 degrees of freedom.
p-value = Sig.(2-tailed) = 0.1616
Step 5: Conclusion
Since p-value = 0.1616 > 0.05 = !, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Step 6: State conclusion in words
At the ! = 0.05 level of significance, there is not enough evidence to conclude that the
mean pollution indexes are the same for the two areas. [Since we failed to reject the null
hypothesis, no confidence interval is needed.]

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