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Statistical Inference For Namagers

This document provides an overview of key concepts in statistics and probability including descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, and regression. It defines terms like mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, z-scores, t-scores, confidence intervals, p-values, and when to use different probability distributions and statistical tests.

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Zainab Abizer Merchant
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69 views

Statistical Inference For Namagers

This document provides an overview of key concepts in statistics and probability including descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, and regression. It defines terms like mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, z-scores, t-scores, confidence intervals, p-values, and when to use different probability distributions and statistical tests.

Uploaded by

Zainab Abizer Merchant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SI for Managers - Summary

Probability = |E|
|S|
Experiment
1- Census to gather data from population Denoted by Eng.
Letter
- Sur!ey to gather data from Sample Denoted by "ree#
Letter
Variable
1- Categori$al %&ualitati!e'
a. 1 Category Summary (able )ar* Pie* Pareta Chat
b. Category Contingen$y table Side by Side $hart
- +umeri$al %&uantitati!e'
i. Dis$rete
ii. Continuous
b. ,rdered -rray Stem and leaf
$. Distributions
d. .re/uen$y Distributions 0istogram* Polygon* ,gi!e
Numerical Descriptive Measures
Central (enden$y Central 1alue
1-
a. 2ean -

x . fx
or

x/ n

b. 2edian 2iddle 1alue 3after arranging data in
as$ending order4 %use if outliers'
$. 2ode 2ost 5epeated 1alue
- 1ariation S$attering of 1alue
a. 5ange =
x
l
x
s
b. 1arian$e =

xu
n1
for sample* for populate
!arian$e =

2
=

xu
n
Empirical Rule
a.
u+

= 678 of the data


b.
u+

2
= 978 of the data
Types of Event
a. Probability %:-1' CD. ;ithout repla$ement
%nC<'<%#C#-<'=+Cn formula else do manually'
b. >mpossible E!ent = :
$. Possible E!ent = 1
Counting Tecni!ue
a. -ddition
b. 2ultipli$ation %)rea#-up of tas#'
T"E#RM
1- E<pe$ted 1alue of ? = E%?' =

x . fx
- 1arian$e =

2
=

x
2
. fx

( x. fx)
2

$R#$ERTIES #% ME&N ' V&RI&NCE a(b) a-b) a*b
DISTRI+,TI#N
DISCRETE CONTINIOUS
+ormal +ormal
)inomial
Poisson
1. +ormal P%?=<' = @ =
xu


. )inomial = b %<* n* p' =
b(x , n, p)=

x
n
(
n
x
)
p
x
q
nx
n A :
B. Poisson = p %
x, u
=

e
u
u
x
x !
;hen n A :
From the desk of ZA Monday, August !, "#!
Standard De!iation =

xu
n
ShoCs ris# fa$tor A if high
$. Co-eD$ient of 1arian$e = S=
u
< 1::
d. E-S$ore =
xu

for lo$ating e<treme outliers


B- Shape pattern of distribution %L-0'
a. )o< Plot "raphi$al representation of data
b. &uartile = i%nF1' = G 3after arranging data in
as$ending order4
$. De$ile H%nF1'=1: 3after arranging data in as$ending
order4
d. Per$entile = #%nF1'=1:: 3after arranging data in
as$ending order4
G. )inomial to Poisson -ppro<imation Chen P I : or 1 and
nA:
7. )inomial to +ormal Chen nA : use formula $ % n&*
=npq
6. 2a#e ne$essary $orre$tion fa$tor* it Cill be mentioned in
the /uestionJ formula C.. = to ma#e Class )oundary in
+ormal Distribution
C#M$&RIS#N #% CI VS $oint Testing
From the desk of ZA Monday, August !, "#!
From the desk of ZA Monday, August !, "#!
Con-.ence Interval
"ypotesis
Testing
Table
$op
Samp
le

1
=
2

1

2
C. R.=
o

xz

2
xu

<<x+z

2
xu

2
=
xu
/ n
@ 1 tail nAB: KnoCn

x
x
(1x
2
)+z

1
n
1
+

2
n
2
(1x
2
)z

1
n
1
+

2
n
2
<
1

2
<

x
(1x
2
)d
o

1
n
1
+

2
n
2
z

2
=
@ tail nAB: KnoCn

=
xt

2
xu
s
<<x+t

2
xu
s
t

2
=
xu
s/ n
t 1 tail nLB: Mn#noCn

x
x
(
1x
2
)+t

2
s
p

1
n
1
+
1
n
2
(1x
2
)t

2
s
p

1
n
1
+
1
n
2
<
1

2
<

;here s
p
=

(
n
1
1
)
s
1
2
+
(
n
2
1
)
s
2
2
n
1
+n
2
2
N
v=n
1
+n
2
2
x
(1x
2
)d
o
s
p

1
n
1
+
1
n
2
t

2
=
d
o
=
1

2
t tail nLB:

1
=
2
Mn#noC
n

=
x
x
(1x
2
)+t

s
1
n
1
+
s
2
n
2
(1x
2
)t

s
1
n
1
+
s
2
n
2
<
1

2
<

;here
V=
(
s
1
2
n
1
+
s
2
2
n
2
)
2
(
s
1
2
n
1
)
2
n
1
1
+
(
s
2
2
n
2
)
2
n
2
1
x
(1x
2
)d
o

s
1
2
n
1
+
s
2
2
n
2
t

2
=
t tail nLB:
Mn#noC
n

1

2

2
/ Steps in "ypotesis
i- 0o J use % s'gn
ii- 01 J De(ne % or

)))) " ta'* , + or , ))))) # ta'*


iii- (est informationJ -o&u*at'on ty&e . use of ta/*e
i!- De$ision $riteria J a*0ays (nd o +

1 Re2e3t 4o
!- (esti$ Statisti$J (nd 5 o 5 6a*ue from formu*a and 3r't'3a* 6a*ue from the ta/*e
!i- 5esultJ 3om&are resu*ts and g'6e 3on3*us'on
&N#V&
i- CSS = (..=n (iO = n# %e/ual' J (..=n (iO = + %une/ual'
ii- (SS = ?iHO (..O = n# %e/ual' J ?iHO (..O = + %une/ual'
iii- ESS = (SS CSS
i!- ;rite all a!erages
!- (est >nformation J pop type and f table for pop
!i- De$ision CriteriaJ . $al A . $riti$al J reHe$t 0o
!ii- (esti$ Statisti$J -+,1- (-)LE
Sample Mean SM D0f MMS % cal
CSS 1alue of CSS n-1 = 11 CCS= 11 = 22S1 22S1 = 22S
ESS 1alue of ESS K%n-1' = 1
+-# = 1 for
une/ual
ESS = 1 = 22S
!iii- C5>(>C-L 1-LMEJ .rom -lpha Ce Cill Pnd . $riti$al f %11*1'
i<- 5esult
<- Con$lusion
RE1RESSI#N
< = ? ? bar* y = Q Q bar
Q = )o F )1 <
;here* )1 = Summation <y = summation <O
)o = Q - )1 <
From the desk of ZA Monday, August !, "#!

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