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Setup Apache CENTOS

Virtual hosts allow running multiple domains from a single IP address. The document provides steps to set up a virtual host including creating directories, granting permissions, editing configuration files, and restarting Apache. Key steps include adding a virtual host section to Apache's configuration file with the domain name, document root, and other settings. Additional virtual hosts can be added by repeating the process and specifying unique settings for each.

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86 views16 pages

Setup Apache CENTOS

Virtual hosts allow running multiple domains from a single IP address. The document provides steps to set up a virtual host including creating directories, granting permissions, editing configuration files, and restarting Apache. Key steps include adding a virtual host section to Apache's configuration file with the domain name, document root, and other settings. Additional virtual hosts can be added by repeating the process and specifying unique settings for each.

Uploaded by

qwewrrtrhgbgbgbghtt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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About Virtual Hosts

Virtual Hosts are used to run more than one domain off of a single IP address.
This is especially useful to people who need to run several sites off of one
virtual private server. The sites display different information to the visitors,
depending on with which the users accessed the site.There is no limit to the
number of virtual hosts that can be added to a VPS.


Set Up
The steps in this tutorial require the user to have root privileges. You can see
how to set that up in the Initial Server Setup in steps 3 and 4. Furthermore, if I
reference the user in a step, Ill use the name www. You can implement
whatever username suits you.

Additionally, you need to have apache already installed and running on your
virtual server
If this is not the case, you can download it with this command:
sudo yum install httpd


Step One Create a New Directory

The first step in creating a virtual host is to a create a directory where we will
keep the new websites information.

This location will be your Document Root in the Apache virtual configuration
file later on. By adding a -p to the line of code, the command automatically
generates all the parents for the new directory.
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/public_html

You will need to designate an actual DNS approved domain, or an IP address,
to test that a virtual host is working. In this tutorial we will use example.com as
a placeholder for a correct domain name.

However, should you want to use an unapproved domain name to test the
process you will find information on how to make it work on your local
computer in Step Six.


Step TwoGrant Permissions

We need to grant ownership of the directory to the user, instead of just
keeping it on the root system.
sudo chown -R www:www /var/www/example.com/public_html

Additionally, it is important to make sure that everyone will be able to read our
new files.
sudo chmod 755 /var/www

Now you are all done with permissions.


Step Three Create the Page

We need to create a new file called index.html within our configurations
directory.
sudo vi /var/www/example.com/public_html/index.html

We can add some text to the file so we will have something to look at when
the IP redirects to the virtual host.
<html>
<head>
<title>www.example.com</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Success: You Have Set Up a Virtual Host</h1>
</body>
</html>

Save and Exit


Step FourTurn on Virtual Hosts

The next step is to enter into the apache configuration file itself.
sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

There are a few lines to look for.
Make sure that your text matches what you see below.
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80

Scroll down to the very bottom of the document to the section called Virtual
Hosts.
NameVirtualHost *:80
#
# NOTE: NameVirtualHost cannot be used without a port specifier
# (e.g. :80) if mod_ssl is being used, due to the nature of the
# SSL protocol.
#

#
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for requests without a known
# server name.
#
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com/public_html
ServerName www.example.com
ServerAlias example.com
ErrorLog /var/www/example.com/error.log
CustomLog /var/www/example.com/requests.log
</VirtualHost>

The most important lines to focus on are the lines that say NameVirtualHost,
Virtual Host, Document Root, and Server Name. Lets take these one at a
time.

-Uncomment (remove the number sign) NameVirtualHost without making any
changes. The star means that any IP address going through port 80 will be a
virtual host. As your system probably only has one IP address this is not an
issuehowever, if you prefer, you can replace the star with your IP address.

-You can leave the rest of the number marks in place until you reach the line
<VirtualHost *:80> . Uncomment everything from there through <VirtualHost>.

-Leave <VirtualHost *:80> as isits details must match with those in the
NameVirtual Host section. If you replaced the star with your IP address in that
section, be sure to do the same here.

-Document Root is key! For this section, write in the extension of the new
directory created in Step One. If the document root is incorrect or absent you
will not be able to set up the virtual host.

-Server Name is another important piece of information, containing the virtual
hosts domain name (eg. www.example.com). Make sure that you spell the
domain out in full; we will put in any alternate possibilities in the next line.

-ServerAlias is a new line in the config file that is not there by default. Adding it
will allow you to list a few variants of the domain name, for example without
the www in the front.



The rest of the lines in this section are not required to set up a virtual host.
However, it is still helpful to know what they do.

-Server admin asks for the webmasters email.

-The Error Logs and Custom Logs keep track of any issues with the server.
The error log covers issues that arise while maintaining the server, and the
custom log tracks server requests. You can set up a custom location for these
processes.

-Make sure that <VirtualHost> is uncommented; then save and exit.


Step FiveRestart Apache

Weve made a lot of the changes to the configuration. However, they will not
take effect until Apache is restarted.
First stop all apache processes:
sudo apachectl -k stop

Then start up apache once again.
sudo /etc/init.d/httpd start

You may see the following error:
Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for
ServerName

The message is just a warning, and you will be able to access your virtual host
without any further issues.


Optional Step SixSetting Up the Local Hosts

If you have pointed your domain name to your virtual private servers IP
address you can skip this stepyou do not need to set up local hosts. Your
virtual hosts should work. However, if want to try out your new virtual hosts
without having to connect to an actual domain name, you can set up local
hosts on your computer alone.

For this step, make sure you are on the computer itself, not your droplet.

To proceed with this step you need to know your computers administrative
password, otherwise you will be required to use an actual domain name to test
the virtual hosts.

If you are on a Mac or Linux, access the root user ( su ) on the computer and
open up your hosts file:
nano /etc/hosts

If you are on a Windows Computer, you can find the directions to alter the
host file on theMicrosoft site

You can add the local hosts details to this file, as seen in the example below.
As long as that line is there, directing your browser toward, say, example.com
will give you all the virtual host details for the corresponding IP address.
# Host Database
#
# localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
# when the system is booting. Do not change this entry.
##
127.0.0.1 localhost

#Virtual Hosts
12.34.56.789 www.example.com

However, it may be a good idea to delete these made up addresses out of the
local hosts folder when you are done to avoid any future confusion.


Step SevenRESULTS: See Your Virtual Host in Action

Once you have finished setting up your virtual host, you can see how it looks
online. Type your ip address into the browser (ie. http://12.34.56.789)

It should look somewhat similar to my handy screenshot

Good Job!


Adding More Virtual Hosts

To create additional virtual hosts, you can just repeat the process above,
being careful to set up a new document root with the appropriate new domain
name each time. Then just copy and paste the new Virtual Host information
into the Apache Config file, as shown below
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com/public_html
ServerName www.example.com
ServerAlias example.com
ErrorLog /etc/var/www/example.com/error.log
CustomLog /var/www/example.com/requests.log
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot /var/www/example.org/public_html
ServerName www.example.org
ServerAlias example.org
ErrorLog /var/www/example.org/error.log
CustomLog /var/www/example.orgrequests.log
</VirtualHost>

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inShare
About LAMP

LAMP stack is a group of open source software used to get web servers up
and running. The acronym stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. Since
the server is already running CentOS, the linux part is taken care of. Here is
how to install the rest.


Set Up
The steps in this tutorial require the user on the virtual private server to have
root privileges. You can see how to set that up in the Initial Server Setup
Tutorial in steps 3 and 4.


Step OneInstall Apache

Apache is a free open source software which runs over 50% of the worlds
web servers.

To install apache, open terminal and type in this command:
sudo yum install httpd

Once it installs, you can start apache running on your VPS:
sudo service httpd start

Thats it. To check if Apache is installed, direct your browser to your servers
IP address (eg. http://12.34.56.789). The page should display the words It
works!" like this.


How to find your Servers IP address

You can run the following command to reveal your servers IP address.
ifconfig eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2 }'


Step TwoInstall MySQL

MySQL is a powerful database management system used for organizing and
retrieving data on a virtual server

To install MySQL, open terminal and type in these commands:
sudo yum install mysql-server
sudo service mysqld start

During the installation, MySQL will ask you for your permission twice. After
you say Yes to both, MySQL will install.

Once it is done installing, you can set a root MySQL password:
sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

The prompt will ask you for your current root password.

Since you just installed MySQL, you most likely wont have one, so leave it
blank by pressing enter.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Then the prompt will ask you if you want to set a root password. Go ahead
and choose Y and follow the instructions.

CentOS automates the process of setting up MySQL, asking you a series of
yes or no questions.

Its easiest just to say Yes to all the options. At the end, MySQL will reload
and implement the new changes.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
... Success!

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MySQL!


Step ThreeInstall PHP

PHP is an open source web scripting language that is widely used to build
dynamic webpages.

To install PHP on your virtual private server, open terminal and type in this
command:
sudo yum install php php-mysql

Once you answer yes to the PHP prompt, PHP will be installed.


PHP Modules

PHP also has a variety of useful libraries and modules that you can add onto
your server. You can see the libraries that are available by typing:
yum search php-

Terminal then will display the list of possible modules. The beginning looks
like this:
php-bcmath.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the bcmath library
php-cli.x86_64 : Command-line interface for PHP
php-common.x86_64 : Common files for PHP
php-dba.x86_64 : A database abstraction layer module for PHP applications
php-devel.x86_64 : Files needed for building PHP extensions
php-embedded.x86_64 : PHP library for embedding in applications
php-enchant.x86_64 : Human Language and Character Encoding Support
php-gd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the gd graphics library
php-imap.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use IMAP
To see more details about what each module does, type the following
command into terminal, replacing the name of the module with whatever
library you want to learn about.
yum info name of the module

Once you decide to install the module, type:
sudo yum install name of the module

You can install multiple libraries at once by separating the name of each
module with a space.

Congratulations! You now have LAMP stack on your droplet!

We should also set the processes to run automatically when the server boots
(php will run automatically once Apache starts):
sudo chkconfig httpd on
sudo chkconfig mysqld on


Step FourRESULTS: See PHP on your Server

Although LAMP is installed on your virtual server, we can still take a look and
see the components online by creating a quick php info page

To set this up, first create a new file:
sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php

Add in the following line:
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Then Save and Exit.

Restart apache so that all of the changes take effect on your virtual server:
sudo service httpd restart

Finish up by visiting your php info page (make sure you replace the example
ip address with your correct one): http://12.34.56.789/info.php

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