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Linux Softwares and Use

The document provides information about Linux software and its default desktop environment. It discusses the major desktop environments GNOME and KDE and default software like Firefox for web browsing, Thunderbird for email, and OpenOffice for word processing. It describes the typical areas of the default Fedora desktop - the menu panel, desktop area, and window list panel. The desktop area contains locations like Computer, Home, and Trash. It also outlines important file management commands and directories in the Linux file system like /home, /bin, and /usr.

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Vijay Kumar Reddy
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views

Linux Softwares and Use

The document provides information about Linux software and its default desktop environment. It discusses the major desktop environments GNOME and KDE and default software like Firefox for web browsing, Thunderbird for email, and OpenOffice for word processing. It describes the typical areas of the default Fedora desktop - the menu panel, desktop area, and window list panel. The desktop area contains locations like Computer, Home, and Trash. It also outlines important file management commands and directories in the Linux file system like /home, /bin, and /usr.

Uploaded by

Vijay Kumar Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module-3 Linux Softwares and Use

Module-3 Linux Softwares and Use


Tushar B Kute
[email protected]
http://snashlug.org
[email protected]
Other:

Ubuntu

Mandriva

SuSE
The right Linux desktop
There are two major desktops in the Linux world: GNOME
and KDE.
Other are: Xmonad X!"e Xu#untu
$ %e# #rowser: Mo&illa 'ire!ox Goo(le )hrome
Email: Mozilla Thunderbird
%ord pro"essor : OpenO!!i"e.or( %riter
*resentation pro(ram : OpenO!!i"e.or( +mpress
Default Fedora Desktop
The default desktop has three distint areas!
"rom top to bottom# the areas are:
The menu panel
The desktop area
The window list panel
The Desktop Area
The Desktop Area

Computer - This contains all volumes (or disks) mounted on


the computer. These are also listed in the Places menu.
Computer is equivalent to My Computer on Microsoft Windows.

Home - This is where the logged-in user stores all files by


default such as music movies and documents. There is a
different home directory for each user and by default users
cannot access each others! home directories. Home is
equivalent to My Documents on Microsoft Windows.

Trash - "eleted files are moved to Trash. #mpty Trash by


right-clicking the icon and clicking Empty Trash.
Ofce
Ofce
Software
Software
word proessor#
spreadsheet#
presentation and
database appliation
)al"
%riter
+mpress
Web Browser:
Web Browser: "irefox
OOo Draw:
OOo Draw: $rawin%
Other software installed
Other software installed

vlc media player.

qmmp audio player.

$heese.

%nkscape

&imp

'(b

Wine

)ate*

&ambas

'a+am
Terminal Window
MO!"TO#S
Linux text-based interface
Linux text-based interface
"ommand to show the "ontent
o! "urrent dire"tor,
"ommand to show the "ontent
o! "urrent dire"tor, with option
-al
The prompt . shows that
#ash shell is usin(
&ll L'(U) ommands start with the name of the
ommand and an be followed b* options and ar%uments!
$inu% Shell
$inu% Shell

Shell interprets the ommand and


re+uest ser,ie from kernel

Similar to $-S but $-S has onl* one


set of interfae while Linux an selet
different shell
.
/ourne &%ain shell 0/ash1# T2 shell
0Tsh1# 3 shell 03sh1
Kernel
/ash T"sh 0sh
ls
pwd
whoami

$ifferent shell has similar but different funtionalit*

/ash is the default for Linux

4raphial user interfae of Linux is in fat an appliation


pro%ram work on the shell
File management
File management
Dire&tor' Tree
Dire&tor' Tree
0root1
5hen *ou lo% on the the
Linux -S usin% *our
username *ou are
automatiall* loated in
*our home diretor*!
The most important subdire&tories
The most important subdire&tories
inside the root dire&tor' are:
inside the root dire&tor' are:

/bin , %mportant )inu* commands available to the average user.

/boot , The files necessary for the system to boot. -ot all )inu*
distributions use this one. .edora does.

/dev , /ll device drivers. "evice drivers are the files that your )inu*
system uses to talk to your hardware. .or e*ample there!s a file in
the 0dev directory for your particular make and model of monitor
and all of your )inu* computer!s communications with the monitor
go through that file.

/etc , 1ystem configuration files.

/home , #very user e*cept root gets her own folder in here named
for her login account. 1o the user who logs in with linda has the
directory 0home0linda where all of her personal files are kept.

/lib , 1ystem libraries. )ibraries are 2ust bunches of programming


code that the programs on your system use to get things done.
The most important subdire&tories
The most important subdire&tories
inside the root dire&tor' are:
inside the root dire&tor' are:

/mnt : Mount points. When you temporarily load the contents of a


$"-34M or 516 drive you typically use a special name under 0mnt.
.or e*ample many distributions (including .edora) come by default
with the directory 0mnt0cdrom which is where your $"-34M drive!s
contents are made accessible.

/root , The root user!s home directory.

/sbin , #ssential commands that are only for the system administrator.

/tmp , Temporary files and storage space. "on!t put anything in here
that you want to keep. Most )inu* distributions (including .edora) are
set up to delete any file that!s been in this directory longer than three
days.

/usr , 7rograms and data that can be shared across many systems
and don!t need to be changed.

/var , "ata that changes constantly (log files that contain information
about what!s happening on your system data on its way to the printer
and so on).
(ome dire&tor'
(ome dire&tor'

8ou can see what your home directory is called by


entering

pwd (print current working directory)


)ommands:
* +root dire&tor',
*root - home dire&tor' of the user root
pwd - 'ou &an see 'our home dire&tor'
df - to see disk spa&e available
&d - to &han.e to different dire&tor' or to .o ba&k to home dir
// 0 move to parent dire&tor'
ls - list the &ontents of a dire&tor'1 Options: 0l +more info,
0a +displa's hidden files,
0t +sort b' time,
0r +oldest first,
E%ample: ls -ltr : displa' an lon. list of files that are sorted b' time2 displa' the oldest
ones first
Some of the basi ommands *ou
should learn are the ones that help
*ou na,i%ate the file s*stem!
p : op* one file to another
rm : remo,e a file
man : ask for the manual 0or help1 of a ommand
e!%! man d ask for the manual of the ommand d
&at : to show the ontent of a text file
e!%! at ab!txt show the ontent of ab!txt
whoami : to show the username of the urrent user
$iretor* is denoted b* a 6 0slash1 harater
Exeutable pro%ram b* a 7
8idden file preeded b* a ! 0dot1
Names in #lue are dire"tories indi"ated #, a
letter d at the #e(innin( o! the line
The "on"ept o! simple !ile and
dire"tor, is similar to DO1
Te%t editors
Te%t editors
9. #macs
:. ;% editor
(. gedit
Advan&ed editors
Advan&ed editors
9. -etbeans.
:. #clipse.
34
Linux is Not Windows
Linux is Not Windows
5roblem 67: $inu% isn8t e%a&tl' the same as Windows/
5roblem 69: $inu% is too different from Windows
5roblem 6:: )ulture sho&k
5roblem 6;: The m'th of <user0friendl'<
This presentation is reated usin% Libre-ffie 5riter 9!:!;!9 a,ailable freel*
under 4(U publi liense!
Thank you

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