Dear Friends,

These formulae are useful for every competitive exam based on aptitude. For any
clarification and help you can contact me at [email protected]
With Regards
Amit Garg
[email protected]

Utility of These Formulae
Basic formulae for CSAT which are very common in use.
Handy during exam days
Diversified applicability
Minimum effort maximum output in limited time
Save Calculation time hence improve speed
No need to refer too many books for formulae.

Number System


Divisibility

a.) By 2: unit digit is even
0, 2, 4, 6, 8
b.) By 4: Last two digits should be divisible by 4.
c.) By 8: Last three digit should be divisible by 8
d.) By 5: unit digit should be either 0 or 5.
e.) By 3: Sum of digits should be multiple of 3.
f.) By 9: sums of the digits should be multiple of 9.
g.) By 11: difference of sum of odd and even digits should be either 0 or multiple of 11.
h.) By 6: divisibility by both 3 and 2.
i.) By 12: divisibility by both 4 and 3.
j.) By 14: divisibility by both 2 and 7.
k.) By 21: divisibility by both 3 and 7.
l.) By 15: divisibility by both 3 and 5.
m.) By 18: even number divisible by 9.


Factorials

Table Factorials
1 1 1!
2 2 2!
Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
3 6 3!
4 20 4!
5 120 5!
6 720 6!
7 5040 7!
8 40320 8!
9 362880 9!
10 3628800 10!


Factorial Values will help in calculation for permutation and combination
chapter also.



Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Factors

N=p
a
. q
b
. r
c
e.g. 60=
2

p,q, r are the prime no., a,b,c are the respective power


Sum of the Factors =
p
a+1
1
p 1
x
q
b+1
1
q 1

No of a factors = (a+1) (b+1) (c+1)
Relative co-prime )
q
)(
p
N( = N
1
1
1
1
Product of factors: - = N
2
1 1 1 ) + )(c + )(b + (a

Surds

1. a = a x a
2. ab = b x a
3.

=
4. ( ) ab b + a = b + a 2
2
+
5. ( ) ab b + a = b a 2
2

6. ( )( ) b a = b a b + a




Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Square : remembering these value will help in saving calculation time.


Number with Power (N
2
) Square

11
2
121
12
2
144
13
2
169
14
2
196
15
2
225
16
2
256
17
2
289
18
2
324
19
2
361
20
2
400
21
2
441
22
2
484
23
2
529
24
2
576
25
2
625
26
2
676
27
2
729
28
2
784
29
2
841
30
2
900
31
2
961
32
2
1024


Cube of number 1 to 20 table


Number with Power N
3
Cube

1
3
1
2
3
8
3
3
27
4
3
64
5
3
125
6
3
216
7
3
343
8
3
512
9
3
729
10
3
1000
11
3
1331
12
3
1728
13
3
2197
14
3
2744
15
3
3375
Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
16
3
4096
17
3
4913
18
3
5832
19
3
6859
20
3
8000






Value of A Power results
2
1
2
2
2
4
2
3
8
2
4
16
2
5
32
2
6
64
2
7
128
2
8
256
2
9
512
2
10
1024
2
11
2048



Square root of number

Number with under root sign after the square root


1 1
2 1.414
3 1.732
4 2
5 2.236
6 4.449
7 2.646
8 2.828
9 3
10 3.162




Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Number with cube root sign after the cube root



3
1 1
3
2 1.260
3
3 1.442
4

1.587
5

1.710
3
6 1.817
3
7 1.913
3
8 2
3
9 2.080
3
10 2.154



Numbers Power
3
1
3
3
2
9
3
3
27
3
4
81
3
5
243
3
6
729
3
7
2187


4
1
4
4
2
16
4
3
64
4
4
256
4
5
1024


5
1
5
5
2
25
5
3
125
5
4
625
5
5
3125



6
1
6
6
2
36
6
3
216
6
4
1296

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]

7
1
7
7
2
49
7
3
343
7
4
2401

8
1
8
8
2
64
8
3
512
8
4
4096


9
1
9
9
2
81
9
3
729
9
4
6561





Squares

(1.) 25-50
e. g. 37 50-13
=Base 25-13/ 13
2
= 12/ 169
1 Carry forward
=1369

(2.) 50-75
e. g. 69
50+19
=25+19/ 19
2

=44/ 361
3 Carry forward
4761

(3.) 75-100
e. g. 87
=100-13
=87-13/13
2
=74/169
1 Carry forward
7569
(4.) 100-125
e. g. 112
=100+12
=112+12/12
2
=124/144
Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
1 Carry forward
12544

Cube

e. g. 153

Step 1. 1
3
/ 1
2
*5 / 1
1
*5
2
/ 5
3

Step 2. 1 5 25 125

Step 3. +10 +50

Step 4. 1 15 75 125

12 Carry forward
Step. 5. 1 15 75+12=87 5
8 Carry forward
Step 6. 3375



e. g. 28

Step 1. 2

2
2
*8 2*8
2
8

Step 2. 8 4*8 2*64 512

Step 3. 8 32 128 512

+64 +256

Step 4. 8 96 384 512

51 carry forward

Step 5. 8 96 384+51 2

43 Carry forward

Step 6. 8 96 435 2

= 21952



Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Square root



Number with Power (N
2
) Square

1
2
1
2
2
4
3
2
9
4
2
16
5
2
25
6
2
36
7
2
49
8
2
64
9
2
81
10
2
100

Observations

# Square of any number can't end with unit digit 2, 3, 7, and 8.

# Sum of the digits of the square of any number is 1, 4,7,9


Mean

digit 1/4/9/7 always.

Unit digit of unit digit

x of x

1
9 1
2
8 4
3
7 9
4
6 6

5 5
0 0

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
e. g. If we have to find out 1681
Unit digit 1

So unit digit of x is either 1 or 9
And 40
2
= 1600, 50
2
=2500

So answer can be 41 or 49
But 45
2
= 2025
So answer is 41
2
= 1681


To find cube root, square root by observing unit digit

N
3
N
2
N
1
1 1 1
8 4 2
27 9 3
64 16 4
125 25 5
216 36 6
343 49 7
512 64 8
729 81 9
1000 100 10
Observe bold digit

e. g. 6859

Unit digit is 9 so unit digit of
3
x will be 9 if 6859 is perfect cube.

10

= 1000
20

= 8000

So 6859

= 19














Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]










Arithmetical Progression


T
n
= a + (n-1) d

To find nth term.
T
n
=nth term
a= 1
st
Term
n - total number of term
d= common difference
How many 3 digit numbers are divisible by 6 in all?
Ans 150
n=

+1
n = number of term


S
n
= l) + (a
n
2


S n = Sum of n term
A = 1
st
term
L= last term


S n = [ ] )d (n +
n
1 2a
2

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Geometrical Progression G. P.


T n = ar
n-1

T n = n
th
term
a= 1
st
term
r= Common ratio


S n =
r) (
) a(r
n

1
1
for r>1 and r 1


S n =
r
) r a(
n

1
1
for r<1 and r 1


If L denoted the last term then for r>1

S n =
lr a
r 1


Sum of a G. P. up to infinity

S =
a
1 r
for IrI <1






















Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]






Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Arithmetic Equation

(1.) ) b + ab b)(a + (a = b + a
2 3

2 3

(2.) ) b + ab + b)(a (a = b a
2 2 3 3

(3.) b) + ab(a b) + (a = b + a
3
3
3 3

(4.) b) ab(a + b) (a = b a 3
3 3 3

(5.) ab b) (a = b) (a 4
2 2
+
(6.) ab + b) (a = b) + (a 4
2 2

(7.) b) + a)(a + c)(c + (b + c + b + a = c) + b + (a
3 3 3
3
3


If a+b+c=0 then the value of
a
3
+b
3
+c
3
is 3abc
(8.) (a+b+c)
2
= a
2
+b
2
+c
2
+2(ab+bc+ca)

Even/Odd

Odd + Odd = Even
Odd + even = odd
Even + even = even
Odd odd = even
Odd even = odd
Even even = even
Odd * odd = odd
Odd * even = even
Even * even = even
Odd Odd = odd/fraction
Even even = even/odd
e.g. If a and b are odd numbers, then which of the following is even?
(a) a+b*
(b) a+b+1
(c) ab
(d) ab + 2

Counting principle: -

1. Sum of all the first n natural number=
2
1) + n(n

2.
Sum of 1
st
n odd number is= n
2
3. Sum of 1
st
n even number is= n (n+1)
4. Sum of square of 1
st
n natural number=
6
1 2n 1 ) + )( + n(n

5. Sum of cubes of 1
st
n natural number=
2
2
1
(

) + n(n

6. Sum of odd numbers <= n where n is a natural number

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Case A: if n is odd-
[
n+1
2
]
2

Case B: if n is even--
[
n
2
]
2

7. Sum of even number <=n where n is a natural number

Case A: if n is odd-
)
`

\
|
|

\
|
1
2 2
+
n n

Case B: if n is even-
( ) ( )
(

2
1
2
1 + n n

e.g, Sum of the 1
st
45 natural no. is?
Ans 1035



11
2
=121
101
2
=10201
111
2
=12321
121
2
=14641
1001
2
=1002001
10101
2
=102030201

= ,000 1,00 316.227
= 1000 31.6227
= 10 3.16


Represent the Table of N natural number

1-10 = 55
11-20 = 155 210
21-30 = 255 465
31-40 = 355 820
41-50 = 455 1275
51-60 = 555 1830
61-70 = 655 2485
71-80 = 755 3240
81-90 = 855 4095
91-100 = 955 5050






Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]

















Percentage

Percentage


Fraction Decimal

This table is useful for Percentage, Profit and Loss, Partnership and Data Interpretation.




1
1
= 100%
2
1
= 200%
3
1
= 300%



1
2
= 50%= . 5
2
2
= 100%= 1
3
2
= 150%= 1. 5



1
3
= 33. 33%= .33
2
3
= 66.66%= . 66
3
3
= 100%= 1
4
3
= 133. 33%= 1. 33



1
4
= 25%= . 25
2
4
= 50%= . 5
3
4
= 75%= . 75
4
4
= 100%= 1
5
4
= 125%= 1. 25



1
5
= 20%= .20
2
5
= 40%= . 40
3
5
= 60%= .60
4
5
= 80%= .80
5
5
= 100%= 1.0



1
6
= 16.66%= .166
2
6
= 33.33%= .33
3
6
= 50%= .5
4
6
= 66.66%= . 66


5
6
= 83.33%= . 83
--


1
7
= 14.28%= .142
2
7
= 28.56%= .285
3
7
= 42.85%= . 428
4
7
= 54.14%

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]

5
7
= 71.42%
6
7
= 85.71%
--

125 12.5%.
8
1
= =
2
8
= 25%
3
8
= 37.5%
4
8
= 50%
5
8
= 62.5%
6
8
= 75%


7
8
= 87.5%
---


1
9
= 11.11%
2
9
= 22.22%
3
9
= 33.33%
4
9
= 44.44%
5
9
= 55.55%
6
9
= 66.66%


7
9
= 77.77%
8
9
= 88.88%
----


1
11
= 09.09%
2
11
= 18.18%
3
11
= 27.27%
4
11
= 36.36%
5
11
= 45.45%


6
11
= 54.54%
7
11
= 63.63%
------



1
12
= 08.33%
2
12
= 16.66%
3
12
= 25%
4
12
= 33.33%
5
12
= 41.66%
---------


1
13
= 07.07%
2
13
= 14.14%
3
13
= 21.21%
--------------------------------------


1
14
= 07.14%
2
14
= 14.28%
3
14
= 21.21%
4
14
= 28.56%
--------------------


1
15
= 06.67%
2
15
= 13.33%
3
15
= 20%
-----------------------------------------


1
16
= 06.25%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

05.88%
17
1
= ----------------------------------------------------------------------------


1
19
= 05.05%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------


1
20
= 5%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------


1
21
= 04.95%
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


1
25
= 4%
--------------------------------------------------
Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]


1
30
= 3.33%
-----------------------------------------------


1
40
= 2.5%
-------------------------------------------------------


1
60
= 01.66%
--------------------------------------------------------








Reasoning


Logical Venn Diagrams

T-1. Doctor, Engineers, Lawyers










T-2. Seconds, minutes, Hours







Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]




Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
T-3. Table, chair, furniture











T-4. Males, Father, Brother










T-5. Dogs, Pets, Cats








T-6. Clerks, Govt. Employee, Educated person









T-7. Engineers, Human being, Rats







Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]



T-8. Females, Mothers, Doctors









T-9. Males, Father, Children










Alphabetical Numerical series


Alpha - Numeric
A - 1
B - 2
C - 3
D - 4
E - 5
F - 6
G - 7
H - 8
I - 9
J - 10
K - 11
L - 12
M - 13
N - 14
O - 15
P - 16
Q - 17
R - 18
Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
S - 19
T - 20
U - 21
V - 22
W - 23
X - 24
Y - 25
Z - 26


Mirror Image
AHIMOTUVWXY

Small Letter i, l, o, v, w, x

Water image
CDEHIKOX
Small letter c, i, o
Common HIOX




Water image special care
M
W


Ranking A B C D E F G H I J K L M
From Starting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

And last Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N




















Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]



Blood Relationship

Grandfather/Grand Parents



Mother-in-low Mother/Father Uncle
Father-in-low Aunt




Cousin I Brother/Sister



Son-in-low Son/Daughter Nephew
Daughter-in-low Niece

Grand Children



Same level relationship: - brother/sister/cousin

Brother-in-low/sister-in-low/Husband/Wife

One level above relationship: - Mother-in-low/Father-in-low

Mother/Father/Uncle/Aunt

One level below relationship: - Son-in-low/Son/Nephew
Daughter-in-low/daughter/Niece

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Cutting of Cube

Distribution of Cut

X axis y-axis z-axis No. Of price
6 0 0 7
1 5 0 12
2 4 0 15
3 3 0 16
1 1 4 20
1 2 3 24
2 2 2 27











2. Coloring of Cube

27 (3)
3

Small
cube
64 (4)
3
Small
Cube
125 (5)
3
Small
cube
216 (6
)3
Small
cube
343 (7)
3
Small
cube
512 (8)
3
Small
cube
1000 (10)
3
Small
cube
3 faces
colored
8 factors 8 8 8 8 8 8
2 faces
colored
(3-2)*12
Edges
(4-2)*12 (5-2)*12 (6-2)*12 (7-2)*12 (8-2)*12 (10-2)*12
1 faces
colored
(3-2)
2
*6
Faces
(4-2)
2
*6

(5-2)
2
*6

(6-2)
2
*6

(7-2)
2
*6

(8-2)
2
*6

(10-2)
2
*6

No faces
colored
(3-2)
3
(4-2)
3
(5-2)
3
(6-2)
3
(7-2)
3
(8-2)
3
(10-2)
3








Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Two dices Events

Sum of the numberof two dices No of Events
2 1, 1 1
3 {1, 2}, {2, 1} 2
4 {1, 3}, {3, 1}, {2, 2} 3
5 {1, 4} {4, 1} {2, 3}. {3, 2} 4
6 {1, 5} {5, 1} {4, 2} {2, 4} {3, 3} 5
7 {1, 6} {6, 1} {2, 5} {5, 2} {4, 3} {3, 4} 6
12 6, 6 1
11 {6, 5} {5, 6} 2
10 {6, 4} {4, 6} {5, 5} 3
9 {6, 3} {3, 6} {5, 4} {4, 5} 4
8 {6, 2} {2, 6} {5, 3} {3, 5}{4, 4} 5



Calendar
Odd day
Non leap Year 365/7=52week+ one odd day

Leap Year 366/7= 52 weeks + 2 odd day

31 day Months

January Short form JMMJAOD
March
May
July
August
October
December

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
3. 100 years - 5 odd days
200 years 3 odd days
300 years - 1 odd day
400 years 0 day

4. Century Non-Leap year

100
200
300
500
600
700
900
1000
1100 and so on

5. Century Leap year
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400 and so on

Month Leap year Odd day Non Leap year odd day
Jan 3 3
Feb 1 0
Mar 3 3
Apr 2 2
May 3 3
June 2 2
July 3 3
Aug 3 3
Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Sep 2 2
Oct 3 3
Nov 2 2
Dec 3 3

Following table will help in Time speed distance , Trains and pie charts
Percentage Km/hr income of speed m/s
2.5% 9
0
/9km/hr 2.5m/s
5% 18 5m/s
7.5% 27 7.5m/s
10% 36 10m/s
12.5% 45 12.5m/s
15% 54 15m/s
17.5% 63 17.5m/s
20% 72 20m/s
22.5% 81 22.5m/s
25% 90 25m/s
27.5% 99 27.5m/s
30% 108 30m/s



Simple Interest

I =
100
t r p


P=
t r
I

100


R=
t p
I

100


T=
r p
I

100

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]
Compound Interest


I. Case I Annually

A=
t
r
+ p
(

100
1
II. Case II: - Compound Interest half-yearly

A=
2t
200
1
(

r
+ p
III. Case III: - Compound Interest Quarterly

A=
4t
400
1
(

r
+ p


IV. Case IV
r
1
rate for 1
st
year
r
2
rate for 2
nd
year
r
3
rate for 3
rd
year

A=
(

100
1
100
1
100
1
3 2 1
r
+
r
+
r
+ p


V. Multiple of Amount in 2x, 3x and 4x years under compound Interest
Time / year Amount Amount Amount Amount
X 2 times 3 times 4 times 5 times
2x 4 times 9 times 16 times 25 times

3x 8 times 27 times 64 times 125 times
4x 16 times 81 times 256 times 625 times\


VI At what rate % Compound Interest does a sum of money becomes
nine fold in 2 yrs.
9x= x(1+

)
2
3= (1+

)
r/ 100= 2
r = 200 %


Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at [email protected]