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Language Reference: Nano - Arduino

The document provides an overview of the Arduino programming language including its core structure, data types, variables, functions, operators, and libraries. It explains that Arduino programs are structured using setup() and loop() functions and can include conditional statements, loops, arithmetic and bitwise operators. Additionally, it lists many of the built-in functions for digital and analog I/O, timing, math, random numbers, serial communication and more.

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Alfredo Salazar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views

Language Reference: Nano - Arduino

The document provides an overview of the Arduino programming language including its core structure, data types, variables, functions, operators, and libraries. It explains that Arduino programs are structured using setup() and loop() functions and can include conditional statements, loops, arithmetic and bitwise operators. Additionally, it lists many of the built-in functions for digital and analog I/O, timing, math, random numbers, serial communication and more.

Uploaded by

Alfredo Salazar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NANO ARDUINO

Download the Arduino Software


The open-source Arduino environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the i/o
board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and
based on Processing, avr-gcc, and other open source software.
Reference Language | Libraries | Comparison | Changes
LANGUAGE REFERENCE
Arduino programs can be divided in three main parts: structure, values (variables and
constants), and functions.
Structure
setup()
loop()
Control Structures
if
if...else
for
switch case
while
do... while
break
continue
return
goto
Further Syntax
; (semicolon)
{} (curly braces)
// (single line
comment)
/* */ (multi-line
comment)
#define
#include
Variables
Constants
HIGH | LOW
INPUT | OUTPUT
| INPUT_PULLUP
LED_BUILTIN
true | false
integer constants
floating point
constants
Data Types
void
boolean
char
unsigned char
byte
int
unsigned int
word
long
unsigned long
short
float
double
string - char array
String - object
Functions
Digital I/O
pinMode()
digitalWrite()
digitalRead()
Analog I/O
analogReference()
analogRead()
analogWrite() - PWM
Due only
analogReadResolution()
analogWriteResolution()
Advanced I/O
tone()
noTone()
shiftOut()
shiftIn()
pulseIn()
Time
millis()
Arithmetic Operators
= (assignment
operator)
+ (addition)
- (subtraction)
* (multiplication)
/ (division)
% (modulo)
Comparison Operators
== (equal to)
!= (not equal to)
< (less than)
> (greater than)
<= (less than or
equal to)
>= (greater than
or equal to)
Boolean Operators
&& (and)
|| (or)
! (not)
Pointer Access
Operators
* dereference
operator
& reference
operator
Bitwise Operators
& (bitwise and)
| (bitwise or)
^ (bitwise xor)
~ (bitwise not)
<< (bitshift left)
>> (bitshift right)

array
Conversion
char()
byte()
int()
word()
long()
float()
Variable Scope &
Qualifiers
variable scope
static
volatile
const
Utilities
sizeof()
micros()
delay()
delayMicroseconds()
Math
min()
max()
abs()
constrain()
map()
pow()
sqrt()
Trigonometry
sin()
cos()
tan()
Random Numbers
randomSeed()
random()
Bits and Bytes
lowByte()
highByte()
bitRead()
bitWrite()
bitSet()
bitClear()
bit()
External Interrupts
attachInterrupt()
detachInterrupt()
Interrupts
interrupts()
noInterrupts()
Compound Operators
++ (increment)
-- (decrement)
+= (compound
addition)
-= (compound
subtraction)
*= (compound
multiplication)
/= (compound
division)
&= (compound
bitwise and)
|= (compound
bitwise or)
Communication
Serial
Stream
USB (Leonardo and Due only)
Keyboard
Mouse
Looking for something else?
See the libraries page for
interfacing with particular types of
hardware. Try the list of
community-contributed code. The
Arduino language is based on
C/C++. It links against AVR Libc
and allows the use of any of its
functions; see its user manual for
details.
Reference Home
Corrections, suggestions, and new documentation should be posted to the Forum.
The text of the Arduino reference is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License.
Code samples in the reference are released into the public domain.

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