Mr.

Chapman
APUSH Review
Significant Political Parties of U.S. History
Why parties?
Not mentione in Constit!tion
"iewe as a negative force in early U.S.
o #.W. warne against them in $arewell Aress
Parties forme aro!n Hamilton an %efferson & were an esta'lishe fact 'y ()*+
Serve as a vital lin, 'etween people an government
Ma-or f!nction of parties is to nominate caniates
Another role is to inform the people & stim!late interest & participation
.he party also serves to ens!re goo performance 'y its officeholers
Most officeholers are chosen on 'asis of their party
.he party o!t of power serves as a watchog against the one in power
While /
r
parties e0ist1 political realities are s!ch that the ominant parties hol the power
.he ma-or parties see, the same pri2e 3votes4 & therefore play to the mile
Federalist Party
5riginal avocates of Constit!tion
S!pporters of Washington & Aams amins.
New 6nglan7'ase
Strong central govt. & promotion of '!siness interests
Attempte to stifle issent w8 Alien & Seition Acts 3()*94
:ost to ;emocratic7Rep!'s. <n (9==
:oss of Hamilton left party witho!t powerf!l leaership
"oice opposition to 6m'argo Act of (9=) & War of (9(>
Hartfor Convention was last concerte effort
$eeralist achievements?
o Use Const. to evelop wor,a'le system of govt.
o 6sta'lishe nation@s creit an fostere economic prosperity
o Create a co!rt system
o ;emonstrate a'ility of govt. to enforce laws
o Aept the nation from war & instit!te isolationist foreign policy
Reasons for ownfall?
o Sprea of emocratic ieals1 especially in the West
o #rowing reali2ation that $eeralists in@t tr!st the common people
o 5pposition to $eeralist economic meas!res
o Pro76nglish foreign policy
o Seen as trampling civil rights with Alien & Seition Acts
Democratic Party
5ne of olest political organi2ations in the worl
5riginally Anti7$eeralists then ;emocratic7Rep!'licans
Small govt.1 agrarian interests1 immigrants1 states rights1 pro7$rench
%efferson1 Maison1 & Monroe B .he "irginia ;ynasty
(9()7>C 6ra of #oo $eelings 3no real opposition party4
(9>D B Sectional & personal animosities ivie party
o National Rep!'licans 3later Whigs4
:e 'y Clay1 %E Aams1 We'ster
S!pporte 'y lanowners1 'an,ers1 merchants1 man!fact!rers
S!pporte strong central govt.1 Natl. Fan,1 protective tariffs
Resem'le Hamiltonian $eeralists
o ;emocrats?
:e 'y %ac,son an "an F!ren
Mr. Chapman
APUSH Review
S!pporte 'y small farmers1 newly emerging '!sinessmen an city la'orers
#enerally oppose an all7powerf!l feeral govt.
Resem'le %effersonians
Jacksonian Democracy vs. Jeffersonian Democracy
%efferson %ac,son
Felieve that capa'le1 well7e!cate leaers sho!l
govern in the people@s interests.
Felieve that the people themselves sho!l manage
governmental affairs.
Reflecte chiefly an agric!lt!ral society Reflecte an agric!lt!ral as well as a rising
in!strial society.
:imite emocracy chiefly to its political aspects 60pane emocracy from its political aspects to
incl!e social an economic aspects.
%ac,sonian ;emocrats remove property & religio!s G!alifications from officeholing an voting
o Also increase n!m'er of electe rather than appointe positions
o Shorter terms of office
Nominating conventions hel to pic, caniates1 rather than party ca!c!s
%ac,son ha to wor, har to ,eep factions together
60ample B anti7tariff iss!e 3Calho!n4 & n!llification
o %ac,son ha to threaten force to control e0treme state rights faction
Pre7Civil War iss!es fragmente the party
o Party ha iffic!lt time settling on one nominee at conventions
o (9+= split 3;o!glas 3N4 an Frec,enrige 3S4
o :incoln wins & 'egins ecaes of Rep!'lican leaership
Post7Civil War pro'lems for ;ems.
o Fringing So!thern wing of party 'ac, into power
Create HSoli So!thI one party r!le in So!th
Re!ce 'lac, voting participation1 AAA intimiate freemen
o 5vercoming scanal7plag!e ;em. Party machines in cities
.ilen 3;4 ma,es his name fighting corr!ption
Clevelan wins on Civil Service reform
;ems s!pport $ree Silver !ring (9*=@s
Wilson ta,es avantage of (*(> Rep!' party split
o HNew $reeomI progressive program
o Wilson acte as party leaer1 g!iing ;ems in Congress who promote his programs
o Wilsonian programs incl.?
Preserving an strengthening emocratic1 capitalist society 'y progressive
reforms
:ower tariffs
<mprove 'an,ing system 3$eeral Reserve4
Stronger 'i2 reg!lation
Protection for !nions an wor,ers
o Progressivism ene after WW<1 !e in part to str!ggle over .reaty of ". an Wilson@s
failing health
:ast progressive meas!res were (9
th
& (*
th
Amenments
New ;eal an $air ;eal eras?
o $;R an New ;eal won tremeno!s s!pport for party
o .r!man carrie on many $;R programs & his $air ;eal create more
<ncl. efense of la'or & s!pport of civil rights legislation
Some So!thern ;ems 'rea, off to form ;i0iecrat party in orer to preserve
White s!premacy in So!th
;ems lost Presiency in (*C> election to 6isenhower 3R4
o So!thern s!pport helpe Rep!'s
Mr. Chapman
APUSH Review
Aenney won 'ac, White Ho!se
o :i'eral HNew $rontierI an active s!pport of civil rights le to significant legislation
o %ohnson finishe many %$A pro-ects & instit!te his own H#reat SocietyI an HWar on
PovertyI
6!cational1 welfare1 an civil rights legislation
"ietnam War ivie ;emocratic Party
o (*+9 B :F% ref!se to r!n B wie pool of caniates ran1 incl. R$A
o Hotly ivie ;NC B Rep!'s & Ni0on ta,e avantage & win
Watergate helpe ;ems re!nite & event!ally win with Carter
o High 'lac, t!rno!t & isg!st with Rep!'s 3Watergate4 helpe
Carter presiency very wea,
o Poor relations 'etween Carter an ;ems in Congress
o Some foreign policy victories1 '!t poor economy & hostage crisis in <ran pave way for
Reagan HRevol!tionI
;ems !na'le to 'rea, Rep!'lican hol on White Ho!se !ntil Clinton in (**>
o Reform Party Caniate Ross Perot splits Rep!' vote
Rep!'s capt!re control of Congress in (**D
o Heavy partisan relationship thro!gho!t Clinton years
Many traitionally ;emocratic voters no longer HsoliI
o Some la'or organi2ations an minority gro!ps 3recently Hispanics4
o So!th increasingly Rep!'lican
Anti-Masonic Party
(
st
thir party in U.S.
$orme to co!nter allege s!'version of p!'lic instit!tions 'y $reemasons
Hel national nominating convention in (9/( 3William Wirt4
$oc!se on efeating %ac,son 3a Mason4
$aile to o so & merge with Whigs in (9/9
Liberty Party
An anti7slavery party fo!ne in (9/* 'y a'olitionists
$aile to win elections1 so it merge with other gro!ps to form $ree Soil Party
Whig Party (!"#-$%&
5riginally the National Rep!'licans
$orme to oppose HAing AnrewI %ac,son
Avocate strong feeral role in nation@s economic evelopment
Program ,nown as the American System
o $e. sponsore improvements
o High tariff & a national 'an,
Not very !nifie B tene to s!ffer from sectionalism
Won presiency with William Henry Harrison
o %ohn .yler 3;em in Whig clothing4 s!cceee WHH & vetoe Whig programs
o 60pelle from the party
Slavery iss!e ivie the Whigs 3Conscience vs. Cotton4
o Cotton Whigs went over to the ;ems
o Conscience Whigs -oine Anow7Nothings & later1 the Rep!'s
American ('no(-)othing& Party
Anti7foreign1 anti7Roman Catholic in response to increase immigration
o <mmigrants tene to 'ecome part of !r'an ;emocratic Party machines
o When as,e a'o!t the native7Protestant organi2ation1 mem'ers answere H< ,now
nothingI
o So!th immigration restrictions & increase of nationali2ation perio 3C to >( yrs.4
Party won recognition 'eca!se of Whig & ;emocrat ivies over slavery
A7N@s 'ro,e !p over slavery as well B most Northern mem'ers -oine Rep!'s.
Free-*oil Party
Mr. Chapman
APUSH Review
5rgani2e in (9D9 to oppose e0tension of slavery into the territories
Mae !p of former :i'erty Party mem'ers1 anti7slavery Whigs1 an some New Jor, ;emocrats
$7S caniate in (9D9 was "an F!ren
o ;ivie NJ vote eno!gh for Kach .aylor to win NJ & the presiency
Party lost strength in (9C> election
Most mem'ers 'ecame Rep!'licans
+e,-blican Party
.raitionally conservative with s!pport from !pper mile class & corporate1 financial1 an
farming interests.
#enerally :aisse27faire1 free enterprise1 fiscal responsi'ility & oppose to welfare state
$orme o!t of sectionalism & slavery iss!es
%C $remont the first pre2 caniate 3lost to F!chanan4
(9+= platform plege free7soil
:incoln@s win le to secession & Civil War
(9+D tic,et 3then National Union Party4 'roaene to incl!e So!thern ;em. %ohnson
Civil War wea,ene ;em party & le to )= years of nearly !n'ro,en Rep!'. ;ominance
;!ring Reconstr!ction B a ivie
o Raical Rep!'licans
o :i'eral Rep!'lican Party
Split an scanals cost Rep!'s Congress in (9)D
(9)+ Hayes victory & Comp. of (9))
#ile Age ominate 'y Rep!'s.1 '!t presients were wea,
Rep!'s ta,e White Ho!se in (9*+ with McAinley
o S!pporte 'y in!strial northeast & '!siness comm!nity
o Committe to conservative economics
o .ene to 'e in favor of imperialist activity
.. Roosevelt steere party towar progressive reform
..R. vs. .aft split allowe Wilson to win in (*(> 3..R. ran as Progressive Party caniate4
Rep!'licans won control of Congress in (*(9 & prevente U.S. from -oining :eag!e of Nations or
signing .reaty of "ersailles
Rep!'licans ominate the (*>=@s B pro7'!siness era
Hoover fail!re to en #reat ;epression le to $;R victory
Won 'ac, White Ho!se with 6isenhower
o Won re7election after moerate foreign policy1 ening Aorean War1 & personal pop!larity
3H< :i,e <,eI4
Rep!'s 'itterly ivie after Ni0on loss in (*+=
o Ultra7conservative Farry #olwater 3R7AK4 ran against :F% in (*+D 3lost4
o Party organi2ation in sham'les1 '!t 'o!nces 'ac, to ta,e avantage of chaos 'ro!ght on
'y "ietnam
o Ni0on wins (*+9 election against H!mphrey
Ni0on re7electe in (*)>1 'eating anti7war ;em. #eorge Mc#overn
o F!t ;ems controlle Congress
o Watergate estroye Ni0on1 an Rep!'lican1 crei'ility
o #eral $or follows Ni0on after resignation '!t is not electe in own right
Carter isasters allow Reagan to win 'y wie margin in (*9=
o Strong anti7Soviet policies 3Peace thro!gh Strength4
o Conservative social an economic policy 3e0cept heavy military spening4
o Soli foreign policy victories incl. fall of Soviet Union 3!ner F!sh4
F!sh fail!re to capitali2e on #!lf War victory an overcome economic woes opens oor for Fill
Clinton
Caniacy of Ross Perot 3Reform4 split Rep!'. vote
Mr. Chapman
APUSH Review
o Rep!'s gain control of Congress in (**D B giving stiff resistance to Clinton7'ac,e
legislation
#eorge W. F!sh wins conteste election in >===
o <n part 'eca!se of anti7Clinton moo s!rro!ning ;em. caniate #ore
o Slow start wipe o!t 'y s!en impact of Septem'er (( attac, in >==(
o Fitterly ivie Congress 3along party lines4 thro!gho!t Clinton & F!sh years
Po,-list Party
$orme 'y farmers who felt ma-or parties were controlle 'y in!strialists
National convention in (9*>
o Platform?
$ree coinage of silver
#ra!ate income ta0
#overnment ownership of !tilities
Secret 'allots & irect election of Senators
o Also enorse pro7la'or plan,s to win la'or vote
Strongest in West B won significant elections in (9*D
.hrew s!pport 'ehin William %ennings Fryan in (9*+ '!t lost to McAinley
Pop!list party isappeare '!t goals emerge later with Progressive Party
Progressive Party
.he name of / separate political organi2ations over time
Party fo!ne in (*(> 'y pro7Roosevelt Rep!'licans who wante to o!st .aft
Also ,nown as F!ll Moose Party
Calle for social an political reforms
o <ncl!ing conservation1 women@s s!ffrage1 pop!lar election of Senators
Progressives s!pporte Charles 6. H!ghes 3R4 in (*(+ losing 'i
o :e to 'rea, !p of party
Party re7emerges in (*>D with caniacy of Ro'ert :a$ollette
o ;efeate 'y Coolige 3R4
A /
r
Progressive party emerge in the (*D=@s B left7wing opponents to .r!man
o Party was ientifie with comm!nism & never accomplishe anything significant
Di.iecrats
So!thern ;emocrats who 'ro,e away from the ;ems in (*D9
Anti7civil rights
Strom .h!rmon 3S.C.4 their presiential caniate
+eform Party
$o!ne 'y H. Ross Perot
Ran 3as inepenent4 in (**> B spoiler cost F!sh the White Ho!se
Avocate 'alance '!get1 campaign reform1 term limits1 ta0 reform1 immigration restrictions1
limits on per,s for office7holers1 promotion of U.S. -o's an 'alance trae agreements
Party has since split into factions