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!!!!class12 Global Warming - Temp PH and Algal Growth II - USED

The document discusses how increasing carbon dioxide levels can affect pH in aquatic systems. It explains how CO2 dissolves in water according to Henry's law and how this increased CO2 drives the pH down by forming carbonic acid. It notes that oceans are acidifying rapidly due to anthropogenic CO2 and that this acidification threatens organisms like mollusks and corals by compromising the accretion of their carbonate shells and skeletons.

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Kristen Johnson
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33 views10 pages

!!!!class12 Global Warming - Temp PH and Algal Growth II - USED

The document discusses how increasing carbon dioxide levels can affect pH in aquatic systems. It explains how CO2 dissolves in water according to Henry's law and how this increased CO2 drives the pH down by forming carbonic acid. It notes that oceans are acidifying rapidly due to anthropogenic CO2 and that this acidification threatens organisms like mollusks and corals by compromising the accretion of their carbonate shells and skeletons.

Uploaded by

Kristen Johnson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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04/03/2014

1
Global Warming:
Temperature, pH & Algal Growth
04/03/2014
2
The model uses Dt=.2, Runge-Kutta4, and time = 1500 hours. Run the
simulation at 18, 27.5, and 33 degrees C by changing the value inside the
TEMP converter. Enter the maximum algae abundances at these
temperatures.
Max Algae Abundance
24.0 C
27.5 C
33.0 C

04/03/2014
3
Carbon Dioxide

Algae need CO2 for photosynthesis
Give off CO2 during respiration
Drives pH in aquatic ecosystems

04/03/2014
4
CO
2
& Acidity of Aquatic Systems
As CO
2
concentrations in the atmosphere increases what
happens to CO
2
concentration in water?
More CO
2
dissolves into water - Henrys law
William Henry
"At a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas that
dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly
proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium
with that liquid. W. Henry
In a mixture of gases, each gas has a partial pressure which is the
hypothetical pressure of that gas if it alone occupied the volume of
the mixture at the same temperature.

The total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is the sum of the partial
pressures of each individual gas in the mixture.
[G] = pp(G)/ K

[G] = concentration of gas G in H2O
Pp
G
= partial pressure of gas
K = Henrys law constant for gas G, a
function of temp. & salinity
Henrys Law
What is concentration in moles/L and pg/L of CO2 in water with temp = 25
o
C?

Percent CO2 in atmosphere = .0397

Pp
CO2
= .000397 atm
K
CO2
= 29.41 Latm/mol

[CO2] = .000397 atm/29.41 atm/mol = .00001349 mol/L

Mass of 1 mol of CO2 = 12+(16x2) = 12+32 = 44 g
Grams of CO2/L = .00001349*44g = .0005939 g/L = 5.939x10
-4
g/L

= 5.939x10
8
pg/L

04/03/2014
5
[G] = pp(G)/ K

[G] = concentration of gas G in H2O
Pp
G
= partial pressure of gas
K = Henrys law constant for gas G, a
function of temp. & salinity
Henrys Law
How many grams of carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in a 1 L bottle of
carbonated water if the manufacturer uses a pressure of 2.4 atm in the bottling
process at 25 C?
[CO2] = 2.4 atm/29.76 atm/(mol/L) = 0.08 mol/L
Mass of 1 mol of CO2 = 12+(16x2) = 12+32 = 44 g
g of CO2 = 8.06 x 10-2 mol x 44 g/mol
g of CO2 = 3.52 g
CO
2
& Acidity of Aquatic Systems
When CO
2
dissolves in water it forms carbonic acid H
2
CO
3

which can dissociate into bicarbonate HCO
3
-
and an

H
+
ion.
HCO
3
-
can further dissociate into carbonate CO
3
2-
and an H
+

As CO
2
concentration increases on the left what happens?
Drives the reaction to the right per - Le Chateliers Principle
Causes more H
+
ions to be released thus decreasing pH
Le Chatelier
If a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in
concentration, temperature, volume, or partial pressure, then
the equilibrium shifts to counteract the imposed change and a
new equilibrium is established.
04/03/2014
6
Calculating pH

[H
+
]
2
=

1.349x10
-5
mol/L*4.45x10-7 = 6e
-12

SQRT(6e
-12
) = 2.45x10
-6

-LOG10(2.45x10
-6
) = 5.6

Knowing the concentration of CO2 we can calculate pH
by solving for [H
+
]
2
from the following equilibrium
constant:
Dissolved inorganic carbon
CO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
CO
3
H
+
+ HCO
3
-
2H
+
+ CO
3
2-
These species known as Dissolved Inorganic Cabon (DIC)
pH < 6 most DIC is H
2
CO
3

6 < pH < 10 most DIC is HCO
3
-

pH > 10 most DIC is CO
3
2-
DIC availability is a potential constraint on productivity
Speciation of CO
2
Dependent on pH
04/03/2014
7
Oceans Acidifying Rapidly
Changes in sea surface pH caused by
anthropogenic CO
2
1700-2000
H+ 30%
H+ 70%
Nonlinear small change in
CO
2
causes large change in pH
04/03/2014
8
Increasing CO2 Levels Drive Acidification
Global warming and ocean acidification will compromise carbonate accretion,
with corals becoming increasingly rare, driving reefs increasingly toward the
tipping point for functional collapse. Future scenarios predict increasingly
serious consequences for reef fisheries, tourism, coastal protection, and people.
04/03/2014
9
Molluscs, Calcareous Plankton, etc.
Foraminifera
Coccolithophores
Impact on Aquatic Organisms
04/03/2014
10
Models Inadequate to Predict Ecosystem Impact
Definitions
Standing crop total amount of producer biomass/carbon
in an ecosystem at a given point in time

Production:: creation of new organic matter

Gross Primary Production (GPP): total amount of
energy fixed (or CO
2
taken up) by all autotrophs in an ecosystem

Net Primary Production (NPP): energy remaining
after autotrophs have met their own energetic needs
NPP = GPP R
PP

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