nzks.

kkpk;Z
nzks.kkpk;Z
Academy
Academy
&
&
Resonant Classes
Resonant Classes
MATHEMATICS
BY
Attri D.
SEQUENCES
0
&
SERIES

1
nzks.kkpk;Z Academy Resonant
Classes
S.C. F. 57, Sector 7 S.C.O. 53, Sector 17
Kurukshetra Kurukshetra
SEQUENCES AND SERIES
IMPORTANT TOOLS / TECHNIQUES TIPS
A sequence is a function whose domain is the set of natural numbers
and the range of the sequence is subset of real numbers (complex
numbers), then it is called real (complex) sequence. Sequences are
generally denoted by
{ }
n n
a a , > <
or
( ) n f
where n
a
of
( ) n f
give us the value
at n. A sequence can be described in three ways :
(i) By explicit formula (i.e., just like functions).
(ii) By recursion formula, i.e., two or more terms are connected
through some defnite relation.
(iii) By describing through language.
For example,
1 +

n
n
a
n
is a sequence given by explicit formula. The
sequence whose nth and
( ) 1 n
th terms are connected as
1
2

n n
a a
is
called a recursion sequence. In such sequences if the frst term is known
then all other terms can be found by applying recursion formula
successively.
Finally a sequence given by n
a
= nth prime (
7 , 5 , 3 , 2
4 3 2 1
a a a a
etc.) can neither be expressed by explicit formula nor by recursion
formula. (Still remains a mystery and conjecture in number theory). But
there are sequences, which can be given both by recursion formula and by
explicit formula. For example
( ) 1 + n a a
n
d,(a and d are constants) or
d a a
n n

1
with
a a
1
describe the same sequence which is called an
arithmetic sequence. An advanced example is the sequence
{ }
n
u
where n
u
denote the number of no match of n diferent objects. The recursion
formula is
( ) ( )
2 1
1
+
+
n n n
u u n u
with
0 , 1
1 0
u u
while the explicit formula is
( )

,
_

+ + + + +
!
1
...
! 4
1
! 3
1
! 2
1
! 1
1
!
n
n u
n
n .
MONOTONICITY OF A SEQUENCE
A sequence
{ }
n
a
is said to be monotonically increasing
( ) MI
if
n n
a a >
+1
for all n and is said to monotonically decreasing
( ) MD
if
n n
a a <
+1
for all n. A sequence is said to be non monotonic if it is neither MI nor MD.
For example the sequence
1 +

n
n
a
n
is MI,
n
a
n
1

is MD while n
n
n a
1

is non-
2
&
monotonic note that the n
n
n a
1

is MD if
3 n
. (follows by showing that
corresponding real function
x
x
1
is monotonically decreasing in
( ) , 3
and
1 lim
n
a
).
The advanced examples for MI, MD and non monotonic sequence are
n
n
n
a
,
_

+
1
1 ,
n
n
n
a

,
_

+
1
1 and
n a
n
sin
respectively.
BOUNDEDNESS OF A SEQUENCE
A sequence
{ }
n
a
is said to be bounded if
k a
n
<
for all natural
numbers n. For example the sequence
n a
n
sin
is bounded since
1 <
n
a
for all n. The sequence
n
n

,
_

+
1
1 is bounded since 3
1
1 2 <
,
_

+
n
n
. The
sequence
n
n
1
is also bounded since
2
1
<
n
n
for all n.
CONVERGENCE OF A SEQUENCE
A sequence
{ }
n
a
is said to be convergent if
n
n
a

lim
exist. If the
sequence diverges to . If a sequence neither diverges to nor tends to a
limit, it is said to be oscillatary. For example
n a
n
sin
is oscillatary. There
is a remarkable theorem in mathematical analysis which states that every
bounded monotonic sequence is convergent.
Note:
(i) If
n n n n
a
n
2
1
...
3
1
2
1
1
1
+ +
+
+
+
+
+

then

2
1
1 2
1
2
1
...
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+
+

+
n n n n n n
a
n
1
1
1 2
1
2 2
1
1
+

+
+
+

+
n n n
a a
n n
( ) ( )
0
2 2 1 2
1
>
+ +

n n

{ }
n
a
is MI.
(ii) If
( ) n f
is a sequence then the function
( ) x f
(where x is in some
subset of real numbers) may difer from
( ) n f
in various ways. For
example range of the sequence
n sin
is the set
{ } ... , 3 sin , sin , 1 sin
while range of the function
x sin
is
[ ] 1 , 1
.
( ) x f
may not even make
sense.
(iii) If > <
n
a is given by
1 2
1
...
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1

+ + + + + +
n
n
a
then
n a
n
n
< <
2
which clearly proves that n
a
diverges to .
(iv) At times the monotonicity of a sequence can be proved by proving
the monotonicity of corresponding real function by using
diferentiable functions. For example
( )
x
x x f
1

is MD in
( ) , e
which
implies ... 5 4 3
5 4 3
> > since
( ) , ... , 5 , 4 , 3 e
otherwise a
monotonicity is proved by showing
0
1
>
+ n n
a a
for all n.
3
(v) If
{ }
n
a
is MI and converges to l then
1 <
n
a
for all n.
SERIES
If
... ... , , ,
3 2 1 n
a a a a
is a sequence then the expression
... ...
3 2 1
+ + + + +
n
a a a a
is a series. A series is fnite or infnite according as the
number of terms in the corresponding sequence is fnite of infnite.
PROGRESSIONS
It is not that the terms of a sequence always follow a certain pattern
or they are described by some explicit formula for the nth term. Those
sequence whose terms follow certain pattern are called progressions.
i.e., (i) 2, 4, 6, 28 (ii) 2, 6, 18, 54, 1458 (iii) 1, 8, 27, 64,
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.)
A sequence whose terms increase or decrease by a fxed number is
called an arithmetic progression. The fxed number is called the common
diference of the A.P.
( ) ( ) ( ) d n a d a d a a 1 ... 2 + + + + + + +
( ) L d n a T
n
+ 1
(last term)
Also
d T T
n n

1
.
nth term from the end:
( ) d n L T
n
1
(because nth term from the end is a)
OR
If a is the frst term and d the common diference of an A.P. having m
terms, then nth term from the end is
( ) [ ] 1 n m
, i.e.,
( ) 1 + n m
th term from
the beginning. Thus nth term from the end =
( ) . d n m a +
Sum of n term:
( ) [ ] [ ] l a
n
d n a
n
S
n
+ +
2
1 2
2
Also
n n n
T S S
1
.
Arithmetic mean (A.M.)
4
Single Arithmetic Mean: If A be the single A.M. between a and b, then,
2
b a
A
+

. A.M. of n positive numbers is

n
a a a
n
+ + + ...
2 1
.
n-Arithmetic Mean: If n
A A A ... , ,
2 1 be n A.M. between a and b. Therefore
b A A A a
n
..., , , ,
2 1 are in A.P.
Use
( )
1
1 ,
2
+

+ +
+
n
a b
d b d n a b T
n
Now
1
1
+

+ +
n
a b
a b a A

,
_

+ +
1
2 2
2
n
a b
a b a A

,
_

+ +
1 n
a b
n a nd a A
n .
Sum of n A.M.s between a and b
( ) ( ) b a b A A A a A A A
n n
+ + + + + + + + + ... ...
2 1 2 1
( ) ( ) ..... .......... ..........
2
2
b a b a
n
+ +
+

by using
( )
1
]
1

+ l a
n
S
n
2
( ) n
b a
n
n
b a
,
_

1
]
1

+
+
2
1
2
2
times the A.M. between a and b.
Facts about A.P.
1.If the nth term of any sequence is linear expression in n then
sequence is A.P. with common diference as coef. of n.
2.If sum of n terms of any sequence is quadratic expression in n then
sequence is A.P. with common diference twice the coef. of
2
n .
3.If any odd number of quantities are in A.P., then its frst most middle
and the last term are always in A.P. with common diference
.
2
1
d
n

,
_

4.If a fxed number is added or subtracted to each term of a given A.P.,
then the resulting series is also A.P.
5.If each term of an A.P. is multiplied or divided by a non-zero constant
then resulting series is also an A.P.
6.If
......... , ,
2 1
a a
and
. .......... , ,
2 1
b b
are two A.P. then
(a)
.. .......... , , ,
3 3 2 2 1 1
b a b a b a + + +
are also in A.P.
(b)
.. .......... , , ,
3 3 2 2 1 1
b a b a b a
are also in A.P.
(c)
.. .......... , , ,
3 3 2 2 1 1
b a b a b a
may not in A.P.
(d)
.. .......... , / , / , /
3 3 2 2 1 1
b a b a b a
may not be A.P.
7.If n
a a a ...... , ,
2 1 are in A.P., then
(a)
........
2 3 1 2 1
+ + +
n n n
a a a a a a
5
(b) r n k
a a
a
k r k r
r

+

+
0 ,
2
.
8.If
q T
p

and
p T
q

, then
0
+q p
T
and
r q p T
r
+
9.If
q
T
p
1

and
p
T
q
1

, then
1
pq
T
10. If q p
qT pT
, then
0
+q p
T
11. If
p S q S
q p
,
, then
( ) q p S
q p
+
+
12. If q p
S S
, then
0
+q p
S
13.
n n
n n
b a
b a
+
+
+ 1 1
is the A.M. between a and b if n = 0.
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (G.P.)
A sequence fnite or infnite of non-zero numbers in which every
term, except the frst one, bears a constant ratio with its proceeding term,
is called a geometric progression.
1
1 1 2
, , ...

+ + + +
n
n n
n
n
T
T
r l ar T ar ar ar a
.
nth term from the end:
1

n
n
r
l
T
.
If a is the frst term and r is the common ratio of a fnite G.P., consisting of
m terms, then nth term from the end is
( ) [ ] 1 n m
th, i.e.,
( ) 1 + n m
th term
from the beginning and is given by
n m
ar

.
Sum of n terms:
( )
r
r a
S
n
n

1
1
(if r < 1), also
1

r
a lr
S
n
, if
1 r
( )
1
1

r
r a
S
n
n
(if r > 1), also
r
a
S

1
, if
1 < r
n n
a S
(if r = 1).
SINGLE GEOMETRIC MEANS
A number G is said to be the single geometric mean between two
given numbers a and b, if a, G, b are in G.P., i.e.,
. . . M G ab G
of n
positive number is
n
n
a a a ... , ,
2 1
.
n Geometric mean: The numbers n
G G G ... , ,
2 1 are said to be the n
geometric means between two given positive numbers a and b if a
b G G G
n
... , ,
2 1 are in G.P.
Let n
G G G ... , ,
2 1 be the n geometric means between two given
numbers a and b. Then a,
n
G G G ... , ,
2 1
b are in G.P.

b T
n

+2
, b ar
n

+1
or a b r
n
/
1

+
Now
1
1
1
+

,
_

n
a
b
a ar G
6
1
2
2
2
+

,
_

n
a
b
a ar G

1 +

,
_

n
n
n
n
a
b
a ar G .
Product of n G.M. between a and b: Let a and b are two given numbers
and n
G G G ... , ,
2 1 are n geometric means between them, then,
1
1
1
2
+
+
+

,
_

n
n
n
a
b
r b ar T
n
n
ar ar ar G G G ....... . ... , ,
2
2 1

( )
( )
2
1
1
1
2
1
... 3 2 1
+
+
+
+ + +
1
1
]
1

,
_

n n
n
n
n n
n n n
a
b
a r a r a
( )
n
n
n
ab
a
b
a
,
_

2
.
The product of n geometric means between two given numbers is nth power
of the single G.M. between them.
Remark: If A and G are the A.M. and G.M. between a and b.

A
b a

+
2
and G ab .
Consider a quadratic equation whose roots are a and b is
( ) 0 2 , 0
2 2 2
+ + + G Ax x ab x b a x
2 2
2 2
2
4 4 2
G A A x
G A A
x t
t
.
Hence, if A and G are A.M. and G.M. between a and b then a and b are
given by
2 2
G A A x t .
Facts of G.P.:
1.If
.... .......... , ,
2 1
a a
are in G.P., then
.. .......... , ,
3 2 1
k a k a k a
are also in G.P.
.... .......... , ,
3 2 1
k
a
k
a
k
a
are also in G.P., where
0 k
..... ..........
1
,
1
,
1
3 2 1
a a a
are also in G.P.
.... .......... , ,
3 2 1
k k k
a a a
are also in G.P.
2.If
... , ,
3 2 1
X X X
and
... , , ,
3 2 1
Y Y Y
are two G.P., then
... , ,
2 2 1 1
Y X Y X
and
... / , /
2 2 1 1
Y X Y X
are also in G.P.
3.If
... , ,
3 2 1
X X X
and
... , , ,
3 2 1
Y Y Y
are two G.P., then
... ,
2 2 1 1
Y X Y X t
are not in G.P.
4.If
... ,
2 1
x x
is G.P. of +ve terms, then
... , log , log
2 1
x x
is an A.P. and
vice versa.
5.If
P T
p

and
Q T
q

, then
q p
p n
q n
n
Q
P
T

1
]
1

1
7
6.
p T
n m

+ and
q T
n m

, then
pq T
m

and
n
m
n
p
q
p T
2

,
_

7.If a, b, c are the pth, qth and rth terms of G.P., then 1
r c q b r a
c b a
8.
n n
n n
b a
b a
+
+
+ + 1 1
is the G.M. between a and b if
2
1
n
.
HARMONIC PROGRESSION (H.P.)
A sequence of non-zero numbers,
... , , ,
3 2 1
a a a
is said to be H.P. if
the sequence
... , / 1 , / 1 , / 1
3 2 1
a a a
are in A.P.
nth term of H.P.:
( ) d n a
T
n
1
1
+

.
Harmonic Mean (H.M.)
b a
ab
H
+

2
If n
a a a a ... , , ,
3 2 1 be n, non-zero numbers then their Harmonic
Mean H is given by
n
a a a
n
H
1
......... ..........
1 1
2 1
+ + +

.
If n
H H H ... , ,
2 1 are n Harmonic mean between a and b then
b H H H a
n
/ 1 , / 1 ... , / 1 , / 1 , / 1
2 1 are in A.P.
Facts about H.P.:
1.Sum of H.P. does not exist.
2.If
q T
p

and
p T
q

, then
1 ,
+

+ pq q p
T
q p
pq
T
and
m
pq
T
m

.
3.If
qr T
p

and
pr T
q

, then
pq T
r

.
4.
n n
n n
b a
b a
+
+
+ + 1 1
is H.M. between a and b if n = 1.
5.If H is the H.M. between a and b, then
(i) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 H b H a H
(ii)
b a b H a H
1 1 1 1
+

(iii)
2

+
+

+
b H
b H
a H
a H
.
8
ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES (AGP)
If the numbers
, ... , , ,
2 1 0
b b b
are in A.P. then the series
... ...
3
3
2
2 1 0
+ + + + + +
n
n
x b x b x b x b b
is called n
a
Arithmetico-Geometric Series
(AGP). Since
... , , 1
2
x x
are in G.P.
The nth term of such a series can be found by multiplying the nth
terms of A.P. and G.P. involved in the AGP. The sum upto n terms is found
by using the following technique
Let
n
n
x b x b x b x b b S + + + + + ...
3
3
2
2 1 0
1
1
3
2
2
1 0
...
+

+ + + + +
n
n
n
n
x b x b x b x b x b Sx
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
2
2 0 1 0
... 1
+

+ + + +
n
n
n
n n
x b x b b x b b x b b b x S
Now
d b b b b b b
n n

1 1 2 0 1
...
( ) ( )
1 2
0
... 1
+
+ + + +
n
n
n
x b x x x d b x S
( )
1
0
1
1
+

+
n
n
n
x b
x
x x
d b

( )
( ) 1 1
1
1
1
2
0
+

n
n
n
x b
x
x dx
x
b
S
.
SUMMATION OF SERIES
Finding the summation of series is not always possible in algebra.
The summation of only limited class of series can be found. We can fnd the
sum of an AP, GP, AGP up to n terms. The sum of an HP cannot be found in
general the sum of a series whose nth term is a polynomial can be found by
using the summation formulae
3 2
, , n n n
where
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3
1
2
1 1
2
1
,
6
1 2 1
,
2
1

,
_

+ +

n n
j
n n n
j
n n
j
n j
j
n j
j
n j
j
.(*)
The summation can be found in two steps
(i)Finding nth term n
T
(ii)Finding sum by using formulae (*)
To fnd nth term
n
T
of a series we frst of all fnd the diference of
successive terms. If it a constant then the series is an AP and the sum is
determined by usual formula. In case these diference are not constant
then we fnd the second order diferences if they are constant the nth term
n
T
should be a polynomial of degree 2 otherwise we fnd third order
diferences and so on. It rth order diferences become constant then
n
T
should be polynomial of degree r. For example the series 2 + 9 + 28 + 65 +
126 + 217 + . has frst order diferences are 7, 19, 37, 61, 91, . has
second order diferences as12, 18, 24, 30, . has third order diferences
as 6, 6, 6, .. which is constant.

n
T
will be polynomial of degree 3.
d n c n b n a T
n
+ + +
2 3
Since
65 , 28 , 9 , 2 1
4 3 2
T T T T
1
3
+ n T
n
.
9
OTHER CASES OF SUMMATION
Method of diferences: We have already described the method of
diference when nth term is a polynomial in n. The method of diference
may work out in general. In this method we try to express nth term n
T
as
a diference of two terms. Suppose we want the sum of the series
n
u u u u + + + + ...
3 2 1 . We try to express n
U
as a diference of two terms.
If
n n n
v v u
+1
, then
ln ...
1 1
u u u + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 3 1 2
... v v v v v v v v
n n n
+ + +
+ +
.
Thus 1 1
v v S
n n

+ .
At times we do partial fractions by hit and trial by expressing the
numerator as a diference of extreme terms. For instance we want to fnd
the sum of the series
...
5 . 4 . 3
1
4 . 3 . 2
1
3 . 2 . 1
1
+ + +
upto n terms
we note that
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
]
1

+ +
+

+ +

2 1
2
2
1
2 1
1
n n n
n n
n n n
T
n
( ) ( ) ( )
1
]
1

+ +

2 1
1
1
1
2
1
n n n n

( ) ( )
1
]
1

+ +

2 1
1
2 . 1
1
2
1
n n
S
n
(On putting n = 1, 2, 3, and adding)
STANDARD RESULTS AND IMPORTANT TIPS
(i) n n n
T S S
1 for all n.
(ii) The infnite AGPs play a dominant role in binomial problems. They
are also used in fnding number of ways of dividing identical objects
in distinct boxes. The important infnite AGPs are
(a)
( ) 1 1 , ... 3 2 1
2 2
< + +

x x x x
(b)
( ) 1 , 1 ... 10 6 3 1
3 3 2
< + + + +

x x x x x
((b) the second order diferences are constant).
(iii) At times by adding a suitable quantity to the frst term of a series the
series will reduce to a single term only. For instance to fnd sum of
the series
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
...
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 1
3
2 1
2
1
1
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+

b b b
b
b b
b
b
b
S
n
up to n terms
We add 1 to the frst term then
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
b b
b
+

+
+
and
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
2
1
1 1
1
1 1 1
1
b b b b
b
b + +

+ +
+
+

and so on.
Therefore
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1 ... 1 1
1
2 1
+
+ + +

n
n
b b b
S

( ) ( ) ( )
n
b b b + + +

1 ... 1 1
1
1
2 1
10
(iv) a, b, c are in A.P., G.P. or H.P. according as
c
a
b
a
a
a
c b
b a
, ,

respectively.
(v) If A, G and H represent A.M., G.M. and H.M. means respectively then
(a)A, G, H are in G.P. i.e. . .
2
H A G
(b)
H G A
, equality holds only when the two numbers are same.
(vi) The least value of the expression
( )
n
a a a a + + + + ...
3 2 1

,
_

+ + + +
n
a a a a
1
...
1 1 1
3 2 1
is
2
n , in particular the least value of
( )

,
_

+ + + +
! x
! x
1 1 1
is 9.
(vii) In an A.P. x, y, z are the pth, qth and rth term respectively then
0
1 1 1
r q p
! x
.
(viii)In an G.P. x, y, z are pth, qth and rth term respectively then
0
1 1 1
log log log
r q p
! x
.
(ix) In an H.P. x, y, z are the pth, qth and rth term respectively then
0
1 1 1
1 1 1
r q p
! x
.
11
Type 1 (NCERT Questions)
Exercise 9.1
E.1.Write the frst three terms in each of the following sequences
defned by the following :
(i) a
n
= 2n + 5 (ii) a
n
=
4
3 n
E.2.What is the 20
th
term of the sequence defned by
a
n
= (n 1) (2 n) (3 + n)?
E.3.Let the sequence a
n
be defned as follows :
a
1
= 1, a
n
= a
n1
+ 2 for n 2.
Find frst fve terms and write corresponding series.
Write the frst fve terms of each of the sequence in Exercise 1 to 6
whose nth term are :
1. a
n
= n (n + 2) 2. a
n
=
1 n
n
+
3. a
n
= 2
n
4. a
n
=
6
3 n 2
5. a
n
= (1)
n1
5
n+1
6. a
n
= n
4
5 n
2
+
Find the indicated terms in each of the sequence in Exercise 7 to 10
whose nth terms are :
7. a
n
= 4n 3 ; a
17
, a
24
8. a
n
=
1
2
2
a ,
n
n
9. a
n
= (1)
n1
n
3
;a
9
10. a
n
=
20
a ;
3 n
) 2 n ( n
+

Write the frst fve terms of each of sequence in Exercise 11 to 13 and

obtain the corresponding series :
11. a
1
= 3, a
n
= 3a
n1
+ 2 for all n > 1
12. a
1
= 1, a
n
= 2 n ,
n
a
1 n

13. a
1
= a
2
= 2, a
n
= a
n1
1, n > 2
14. The Fibonacci sequence is defned by
1 = a
1
= a
2
and a
n
= a
n1
+ a
n2
, n > 2
Find
n
1 n
a
a
+
, for n = 1,2,3,4,5
Exercise 9.2
E.4.In an A.P. if mth term is n and the nth term is m, where m n,
fnd the pth term.
12
E.5.If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is
2
1
nP +
n (n1) Q, where P and Q
are constants, fnd the common diference.
E.6.The sum of n terms of two arithmetic progression are in the ratio
(3n+8) : (7n+15). Find the ratio of their 12
th
terms.
E.7.The income of a person is Rs. 3,00,000, in the frst year and
receives an increase of Rs. 10,000 to his income per year for the
next 19 years. Find the total amount, he received in 20 years.
E.8.Insert 6 numbers between 3 and 24 such that the resulting
sequence is an A.P.
1. Find the sum of odd integers from 1 to 2001.
2. Find the sum of all natural numbers lying between 100 and
1000, which are multiple of 5.
3. In an A.P., the frst term is 2 and the sum of the frst fve terms is
one-fourth of the next fve terms. Show that 20
th
term is112.
4. How many terms of the A.P. 6,
2
11

, 5,... are needed to give

the sum 25?
5. In an A.P., if pth term is
q
1
and qth term is
p
1
, prove that the sum
of frst pq terms is
( ) 1 pq
2
1
+
, where p q.
6. If the sum of a certain number of terms of the A.P. 25, 22, 19,...
is 116. Find the last terms.
7. Find the sum to n terms of the A.P., whose kth term is 5k +1,.
8. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is (pn + qn
2
), where p and q are
constants, fnd the common diference.
9. The sums of n terms of two arithmetic progressions are in the
ration 5n + 4 : 9n + 6. Find the ratio of their 18
th
terms.
10. If the sum of frst p terms of an A.P. is equal to the sum of the
frst q terms, then fnd the sum of the frst (p + q) terms.
11. Sum of the frst p, q and r terms of an A.P. are a, b and c,
respectively. Prove that
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 q p
r
c
p r
q
b
r q
p
a
+ +
12. The ratio of the sums of m and n terms of an A.P. is m
2
: n
2
. Show
that the ratio of mth and nth term is (2m 1) : (2n 1).
13
13. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is 3n
2
+ 5n and its mth term is
164, fnd the value of m.
14. Insert fve numbers between 8 and 26 such that the resulting
sequence is an A.P.
15. If
1 1
+
+
n n
n n
b a
b a
is the A.M. between a and b, then fnd the value of
n.
16. Between 1 and 31, m numbers have been inserted in such a way
that the resulting sequence is an A.P. and the ratio of 7
th
and (m
1)
th
numbers is 5 : 9. Find the value of m.
17. A man starts repaying a loan as frst installment of Rs. 100. If he
increases the installment by Rs. 5 every month, what amount he
will pay in the 30
th
installment?
18. The diference between any two consecutive interior angles of a
polygon is 5
0
. If the smallest angle is 120
0
, fnd the number of
the sides of the polygon.
Exercise 9.3
E.9.Find the 10
th
and nth terms of the G.P. 5, 25, 125,....
E.10.Which term of the G.P., 2,8,32,....up to n terms is 131072?
E.11.In a G.P., the 3
rd
term is 24 and the 6
th
term is 192. Find the 10
th
term.
E.12.Find the sum of frst n terms and the sum of the frst 5 terms of
the geometric series
...
9
4
3
2
1 + + +
E.13.How many terms of the G.P. 3,
4
3
,
2
3
,... are needed to give the
sum
512
3069
?
E.14.The sum of frst three terms of a G.P. is
12
13
are their products is
1. Find the common ratio and the terms.
E.15.Find the sum of the sequence 7,77,777,7777,... to n terms.
E.16.A person has 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great grandparents,
and so on. Find the number of his ancestors during the ten
generations preceding his own.
E.17.Insert three numbers between 1 and 256 so that the resulting
sequence is a G.P.
14
E.18.If A.M. and G.M. of two positive numbers a and b are 10 and 8,
respectively, fnd the numbers.
1. Find the 20
th
and nth terms of the G.P.
,...
8
5
,
4
5
,
2
5
2. Find the 12
th
term of a G.P. whose 8
th
term is 192 and the
common ratio is 2.
3. The 5
th
, 8
th
and 11
th
of a G.P. are p, q and s, respectively. Show
that q
2
= ps.
4. The 4
th
term of a G.P. is square of its second term, and the frst
term is 3. Determine its 7
th
term.
5. Which term of the following sequence :
(a) 2,2 2 , 4,... is 128? (b)
729 ,.... 3 3 , 3 , 3 "#
?
(c)

19683
1
is ,....
27
1
,
9
1
,
3
1
6. For what values of x, the numbers
7
2
, ! ,
7
2

are in G.P.?
Find the sum to indicated number of terms in each of the
geometric progressions in Exercise 7 to 10.
7. 0.15, 0.015,0.0015,...20 terms.
8.
,... 7 3 , 21 , 7
n terms.
9. 1, a, a
2
, a
3
, ..n terms (if a 1).
10. x
3
, x
5
, x
7
,..n terms (if x t1).
11. Evaluate
11
1 "
(2 + 3
k
).
12. The sum of frst three terms of a G.P. is
10
39
and their product is
1. Find the common ratio and the terms.
13. How many terms of G.P. 3, 3
2
, 3
3
,... are needed to give the sum
120?
14. The sum of frst three terms of a G.P. is 16 and the sum of the
next three terms is 128. Determine the frst term, the common
ratio and the sum to n terms of the G.P.
15. Given a G.P. with a = 729 and 7
th
term 64, determine S
7
.
16. Find a G.P. for which sum of the frst two terms is 4 and the
ffth term is 4 times the third term.
17. If the 4
th
, 10
th
and 16
th
terms of a G.P. are x, y and z,
respectively. Prove that x, y, z are in G.P.
15
18. Find the sum to n terms of the sequence, 8, 88, 888, 8888....
19. Find the sum of the products of the corresponding terms of the
sequence 2, 4,8,16, 32 and 128, 32, 8, 2,
2
1
.
20. Show that the products of the corresponding terms of the
sequence a, ar, ar
2
,... ar
n1
and A, AR, AR
2
,.. AR
n1
form a G.P,
and fnd the common ratio.
21. Find four numbers forming a geometric progression in which the
third term is greater than the frst term by 9, and the second term
is greater than the 4
th
by 18.
22. If the p
th
, q
th
and r
th
terms of a G.P. are a, b, and c, respectively.
Prove that a
qr
b
rp
c
Pq
= 1.
23. If the frst and the n
th
term of a G.P. are a and b, respectively,
and if P is the product of n terms, prove that P
2
= (ab)
n
24. Show that the ratio of the sum of frst n terms of a G.P. to the
sum of terms from
(n+1)
th
to (2n)
th
term is
n
r
1
.
25. If a, b, c and d are in G.P. show that
(a
2
+ b
2
+c
2
) (b
2
+ c
2
d
2
) = (ab + bc + cd)
2
26. Insert two number between 3 and 81 so that the resulting
sequence is G.P.
27. Find the value of n so that
n n
1 n 1 n
b a
b a
+
+
+ +
may be the geometric mean
between a and b.
28. The sum of two numbers is 6 times their geometric means, show
that numbers are in the ratio
( ) ( ) 2 2 3 # 2 2 3 +
.
29. If A and G be A.M. and G.M., respectively between two positive
numbers, prove that the numbers are
( ) ( ) $ % $ % % + t
.
30. The number of bacteria in a certain culture doubles every hour. If
there were 30 bacteria present in the culture originally, how
many bacteria will be present at the end of 2
nd
hour, 4
th
hour and
n
th
hour?
31. What will Rs 500 amounts to in 10 years after its deposit in a
bank which pays annual interest rate of 10% compounded
annually?
16
32. If A.M. and G.M. of roots of a quadratic equation are 8 and 5,
respectively, then obtain the quadratic equation.
Exercise 9.4
E.19.Find the sum to n terms of the series : 5 + 11 + 19 + 29+ 41...
E.20.Find the sum to n terms of the series whose n
th
term is n (n + 3).
Find the sum to n terms of each of the series in Exercise 1 to 7.
1. 1 2 + 2 3 + 3 4 + 4 5+.......
2. 1 2 3 +2 3 4 + 3 4 5 +.......
3. 3 1
2
+ 5 2
2
+ 7 3
2
+.......
4.
4 3
1
3 2
1
2 1
1

+.........
5. 5
2
+ 6
2

+ 7
2
+...........+20
2
6. 3 8 + 6 11 + 9 14 +........
7. 1
2
+(1
2
+ 2
2
) + (1
2
+ 2
2
+ 3
2
)+.......
Find the sum to n terms of the series in Exercises 8 to 10 whose nth
terms is given by
8. n (n + 1) (n + 4).
9. n
2
+ 2
n
10. (2n 1)
2
Miscellaneous Examles
E.21.If p
th
, q
th
, r
th
and s
th
terms of an A.P. are in G.P then show that
(p q), (q r), (r s) are also in G.P.
E.22.If a, b, c are in G.P. and
&
1
'
1
!
1
c b a
, prove that x, y, z are in A.P.
E.23.If a, b, c, d and p are diferent real numbers such that
(a
2
+b
2
+c
2
) p
2

2

(ab + bc + cd) p +(b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
) 0 then show that
a,b,c and d are in G.P.
E.24.If p,q,r are in G.P. and the equations, px
2
+ 2qx + r = 0 and
dx
2
+ 2ex + = 0 have a common root, then show that
r
(
,
q
)
,
p
*
are
in A.P.
1. Show that the sum of (m + n)
th
and (m n)
th
terms of an A.P. is
equal to twice the m
th
term.
2. If the sum of three numbers in A.P., is 24 and their product is
440, fnd the numbers.
3. Let the sum of n, 2n, 3n terms of an A.P. be S
1
, S
2
and S
3
,
respectively, show that S
3
= 3 (S
2
S
1
).
17
4. Find the sum of all numbers between 200 and 400 which are
divisible by 7.
5. Find the sum of integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by 2 or
5.
6. Find the sum of all two digit numbers which when divided by 4,
yields 1 as remainder.
7. If f is a function satisfying f (x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y N such
that
f(1) = 3 and
n
x 1
f(x) = 120, fnd the value of n.
8. The sum of terms of G.P. is 315 whose frst term and the common
ratio are 5 and 2, respectively. Find the last term and the number
of terms.
9. The frst term of a G.P. is 1. The sum of the third term and ffth
term is 90. Find the common ratio of G.P.
10. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 56. If we subtract 1,7,21
from these numbers in that order, we obtain an arithmetic
progression. Find the numbers.
11. A G.P. consists of an even number of terms. If the sum of all the
terms is 5 times the sum of terms occupying odd places, then
fnd its common ratio.
12. The sum of the frst four terms of an A.P. is 56. The sum of the
last four terms is 112. If its frst term is 11, then fnd the number
of terms.
13. If
( ) 0

+
x
dx c
dx c
cx b
cx b
bx a
bx a
, then show that a, b, c and d are in
G.P.
14. Let S be the sum, P the product and R the sum of reciprocals of n
terms in a G.P. Prove that P
2
R
n
= S
n
.
15. The P
th
, q
th
and r
th
terms of an A.P. are a, b, c, respectively. Show
that
(q r) a + (r p) b+ (p q) c = 0
16. If

,
_

+
,
_

+
,
_

+
b a
c $
a c
b $
c b
a
1 1 1 1 1 1
are in A.P. prove that a, b, c are in A.P.
17. If a, b, c, d are in G.P. prove that (a
n
+ b
n
), (b
n
+ c
n
), (c
n
+ d
n
) are in
G.P.
18
18. If a and b are the roots of x
2

3x + p = 0 and c, d are roots of
x
2
12 x + q = 0, where a, b, c, d form a G.P. Prove that
(q + p) : (q p) = 17 : 15.
19. The ratio of the A.M. and G.M. of two positive numbers a and b,
is m : n. Show that a : b = ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
n m m % n m m + .
20. If a,b,c are in A.P; b, c, d are in G.P. and
e
$
d
$
c
1 1 1
are in A.P. prove
that a,c,e are in G.P.
21. Find the sum of the following series up to n terms :
(i) 5 + 55 + 555 +... (ii) .6 + .66 + .666 +...
22. Find the 20
th
term of the series 2 4 + 4 6 + 6 8 +...+ n
terms.
23. Find the sum of the frst n terms of the series : 3 + 7+ 13+ 21+
31+...
24. If S
1
, S
2
, S
3
are the sum of frst n natural numbers, their squares
and their cubes, respectively, show that
( )
1 3
2
2
8 1 9 S S S +
.
25. Find the sum of the following series up to n terms :
5 3 1
3 2 1
3 1
2 1
1
1
3 3 3 2 2 3
+ +
+ +
+
+
+
+ +...
26. Show that
( )
( ) 1 3
5 3
1 3 2 2 1
1 3 2 2 1
2 2 2
2 2 2
+
+

+ + + +
+ + +
n
n
n n &&&
n n &&&
.
27. A farmer buys a used tractor for Rs 12000. He pays Rs 6000
cash and agrees to pay the balance in annual installments of
Rs 500 plus 12% interest on the unpaid amount. How much will
the tractor cost him?
28. Shamashad Ali buys a scooter for Rs 22000. He pays Rs 4000
cash and agrees to pay the balance in annual installment of
Rs 1000 plus 10% interest on the unpaid amount. How much will
the scooter cost him?
29. A man deposited Rs 1000 in a bank at the rate of 5% simple
interest annually. Find the amount in 15
th
year since he
deposited the amount and also calculate the total amount after
20 years.
31. A manufacturer reckons that the value of a machine, which costs
him Rs. 15625, will depreciate each year by 20%. Find the
estimated value at the end of 5 years.
19
32. 150 workers were engaged to fnish a job in a certain number of
days. 4 workers dropped out on second day, 4 more workers
dropped out on third day and so on.
20
Type II (Extra practice Questions)
1. Write the frst three terms of the sequences whose nth term T
n
is
given by :
(i)
1 2
1 2
+
+
n
n
(ii)
( )
4
1 1
n

2. Write the frst six terms of the sequence given by :
(i) a
1
= a
2
= 1, a
n
= 2a
n1
+ 3a
n2
, n > 2
(ii) a
1
=
2
1
, a
2
= 1, a
n+2
= a
n
a
n+1
, n 1.
3. Find the 20
th
and nth term of the sequence 4,9,14,19,...
4. Show that the sequence : log a, log
2
3 2
b
a
l'( $
b
a
,.... is an A.P.
5. Write down the series whose rth term is
6
1
3
1
+ r
. Is it an
arithmetic series?
6. Which term of the series 37+32+27+22+... is 103?
7. Find the 20
th
term of the series 2 4 + 4 6 + 6 8 +.... n terms.
8. If log
10
2, log
10
(2
x
1) and log
10
(2
x
+ 3) are in A.P. then fnd the
value of x.
9. For what value of n, the nth term of the series:
"3 + 10 + 17 +...." and "63 + 65 + 67 +....." are equal?
10. Determine the 1
st
term and the 40
th
term of the A.P. whose 7
th
term is 34 and 15
th
term is 74.
11. The 2
nd
, 31
st
and last term of an A.P. are
2
1
4
3
7 $
and
2
1
6
respectively. Find the frst term and the number of terms.
12. Which term of the sequence 19,
5
2
17
5
1
18 $
,..... is the frst negative
term?
13. If (p + 1)th term of an A.P. is twice the (q + 1)th term, prove that
the (3p +1)th term is twice the (p + q + 1)th term.
14. The fourth term of an A.P. is equal to three times the frst term
and the seventh term exceeds twice the third term by one. Find
the frst term and the common diference.
15. If m times the mth term of an A.P. is equal to n times its nth term,
then show that (m + n)th term of the A.P. is zero.
21
16. If pth, qth, rth terms of an A.P. be a, b, c respectively, then prove
that
p (b c) + q (c a) + r (a b) = 0.
17. Prove that the product of the 2
nd
and 3
rd
terms of an A.P. exceeds
the product of the 1
st
and 4
th
by twice the square of the diference
between the 1
st
and 2
nd
.
18. If a, b, c are in A.P., show that :
(i)
ab
$
ca
$
bc
1 1 1
are in A.P.
(ii) a
2
(b + c), b
2
(c + a), c
2
(c + b) are in A.P.
(iii)
( ) ( ) ( )
ab
b a c
$
ca
a c b
$
bc
c b a + + +
are in A.P.
(iv) b + c a, c + a b, a + b c are in A.P.
(v)
b a
$
a c
$
c b + + +
1 1 1
are in A.P.
(vi) (b + c)
2
a
2
, (c + a)
2
b
2
, (a + b)
2
c
2
are in A.P.
19. The sum of the frst three consecutive terms of an A.P. is 9 and
the sum of their squares is 35. Find T
n
.
20. Find four numbers in A.P. whose sum is 20 and the sum of
whose squares is 120.
21. Evaluate :
(i)
+ + +
3
1
9
2
9
1
.... 25terms (ii) 5 +13 + 21 +.....+ 181.
22. Find the A.P. in which the sum of any number of terms is always
three times the square of the number of these terms.
23. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is nP +
2
1
n (n 1) Q, where P
and Q are constant, fnd the common diference.
24. Find the sum of all integers which are divisible by 7 and lying
between 50 and 500.
25. Find the sum of all 3-digit numbers which leave the remainder 1
when divided by 4.
26. Find the sum of all natural numbers less than 1000 and which
are neither divisible by 5 nor by 2.
27. How many terms of the sequence 12, 9, 6, 3,.... must be
taken to make the sum 54?
22
28. Determine the sum of the frst 35 terms of an A.P. if its second
term is 2 and seventh term is 22.
23
29. If the frst term of an A.P. is 2 and the sum of frst fve terms is
equal to one-fourth of the sum of the next fve terms, then :
(i) show that T
20
= 112
(ii) fnd the sum of frst 30 terms
30. The sum of frst four terms of an A.P. is 56. The sum of the last
four terms is 112. If its frst term is 11, then fnd the number of
terms.
31. If the sum of frst m terms of an A.P. be n and the sum of frst n
terms be m, show that the sum of frst m + n terms is (m + n).
32. The pth term of an A.P. is a qth term is b. Show that the sum of
its (p + q) terms is
1
]
1

+ +
+
q p
b a
b a
q p
2
.
33. If the sum of frst n, 2n, 3n terms of an A.P. are S
1
, S
2
, S
3
respectively, show that S
3
= 3 (S
2
S
1
).
34. If the sum of m terms of an A.P. is to the sum of n terms of the
same A.P. is as m
2
: n
2
; prove that the ratio of its mth and nth
terms is 2m 1 : 2n 1.
35. If S
1
, S
2
, S
3
,.....S
m
are the sums of n terms of m A.P.'s whose frst
terms are 1, 2, 3,...., m and common diferences are 1, 3,
5,....,2m 1 respectively. Show that :
S
1
+ S
2
+ S
3
+.....+S
m
=
( )
2
1 + mn mn
.
36. If the sum of the frst m terms of an A.P. is equal to the sum of
the next p and terms and also to the sum of the next q terms,
prove that :
( ) ( )

,
_

,
_

+
p m
q m
q m
p m
1 1 1 1
37. Insert three A.M.s between 11 and 14.
38. Prove that if the number of terms of an A.P. is odd, then the
middle term is the A.M. between the frst and the last terms.
39. The sum of two numbers is 13/6. An even number of A.M.s are
being inserted between them and their sum exceeds their number
by 1. Find the number of A.M.s inserted.
24
40. Find n such that
1 1
+
+
n n
n n
b a
b a
may be the A.M. between distinct
numbers a and b.
41. There are in A.M.s between 7 and 85 such that (n 3)the mean :
nth mean is as 11 : 24. Find n.
42. If the A.M. between pth and qth terms of an A.P. be equal to the
A.M. between rth and sth terms of the A.P., show that p
+ q = r + s.
43. Hari buys a scooter for Rs. 22,000. He pays Rs. 4,000 cash and
agrees to pay the balance in annual installments of Rs. 1,000
plus 10% interest on the unpaid amount. Find the total payment
for the scooter.
44. A manufacturer of radio sets produced 600 units in the third year
and units in the seventh year. Assuming the production increases
uniformly by a fxed number every year, fnd (i) the production in
the frst year (ii) the total production in 7 years and (iii) the
production in the 10
th
year.
45. 150 workers were engaged to fnish a job in a certain number of
days. 4 workers dropped out on second day, 4 more workers
dropped out on third day and so on. It took 8 more days to fnish
the work. Find the number of days in which the work was
completed.
46. Two cars start together in the same direction from the same
place. The frst goes at uniform speed of 10 k.p.h. The second
goes at a speed of 8 k.p.h. in the frst hour and increases the
speed by km each succeeding hours. After how many hours
will the second car overtake the frst if both cars goes non-stop?
47. Find the 9
th
and nth terms of the sequence 3, 6, 12, 24.
48. Write down the series whose rth term is 5.2
r+1
. Is it a geometric
series?
49. Which term of the series
+ + 1
2
1
4
1
..... is 256?
50. For what value of n, the nth terms of the series "5 + 10 +
20+......." and "1280+ 640+ 320+....." are equal?
25
51. Show that the products of the corresponding terms of the
sequences a, ar, ar
2
,....., ar
n1
and A, AR AR
2
,..., AR
n1
from a G.P.
and fnd the common ratio.
52. If a, b, c are in G.P. and a
1/x
= b
1/y
= c
1/z
, prove that x, y, z are in
A.P.
53. The 6
th
, 12
th
and 18
th
terms of a G.P. are a, b, c respectively.
Show that b
2
= ac.
54. The frst term of a G.P. is 1. The sum of third and ffth terms is
90. Find the common ratio of the G.P.
55. If the 5
th
term of a G.P. is 16 and the 10
th
term is
2
1
, fnd the G.P.
Also fnd its 15
th
term.
56. If a, b, c, d and p are diferent real numbers such that :
(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) p
2
2 (ab + bc + cd) p + (b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
) 0, then show
that a, b, c, d are in G.P.
57. If a and b are the roots of x
2
3x + p = 0 and c, d are the roots of
x
2
12 x+q = 0, where a, b, c, d are in G.P., prove that
15
17

+
p q
p q
.
58. If three distinct real numbers a, b, c are in G.P. and a + b +
c = bx, then show that x 1 or x 3.
59. If p, q, r are in A.P. and x, y, z are in G.P., prove that that
x
qr
. y
rp
.z
pq
= 1.
60. If a, b, c, d in G.P., show that the following are also in G.P.
(i) a
2
b
2
, b
2
c
2
, c
2
d
2
(ii) a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
, ab + bc + cd, b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
(iii) a
n
+ b
n
, b
n
+ c
n
, c
n
+ d
n
.
61. If the pth and qth terms of a G.P. are q and p respectively, show
that (p + q)th term is
( )
q p
q p
p ) q

1
.
62. Find four numbers forming a G.P. where the third term is greater
than the frst by 9 and the second term is greater than the fourth
by 18.
63. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 13/12 and their product is
1. Find the numbers.
26
64. The product of three numbers in G.P. is 1000. If we add 6 to its
second number and 7 to its third number, the resulting three
numbers form an A.P. Find the numbers in G.P.
65. The sum of the frst three terms of a G.P. is 7 and sum of their
squares 21. Determinate frst fve terms of the G.P.
66. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 56. If we subtract 1, 7, 21
from these numbers in this order, we obtain an A.P. Find the
numbers.
67. There are four numbers such that the frst three of these from an
A.P. and the last three form a G.P. The sum of the frst and the
third numbers is 2 and that of the second and fourth is 26, what
are these numbers?
68. Evaluate :
(i)
&&&&&& + +
9
4
3
2
1
10 terms (ii) 2 64 2 2 2 2 + + &&&&&
69. Find the least value of n for which the sum 1+ 3 + 3
2
+... n terms
is greater than 70000.
70. Determine the number of terms in the G.P. (T
n
) if T
1
= 3, T
n
= 96
and S
n
= 189.
71. How many terms of the G.P.
3 3 3 3 $ $
,.... sum up to 39 + 3 13 ?
72. The second and ffth terms of a G.P. are and 1/16
respectively. Find the sum of the G.P. upto 8 terms.
73. Show that the ratio of the sum of frst n terms of a G.P. to the
sum of terms from (n + 1)th term to (2n)th term is
n
r
1
, where r is
the common ratio of the G.P.
74. If f is a function satisfying f (x + y) = f (x) f (y) for all x, y N
such that f (1) = 3 and ( ) x f
n
x 1
= 120, fnd the value of n.
75. Find the sum of 50 terms of the sequence 7, 7.7, 7.77, 7.777,...
76. Find the sum of n terms of the sequence
x + y, x
2
+ xy + y
2
, x
3
+ x
2
y + xy
2
+ y
3
,.....
77. Find the sum to n terms of the sequence
$&&&&
x
x $
x
x $
x
x
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
1 1 1

,
_

+
,
_

+
,
_

+
27
78. The sum of frst three terms of a G.P. is 16 and the sum of the
next three terms is 128. Determine the frst term, common ratio
and the sum to n terms of the G.P.
79. If S
1
, S
2
, S
3
,....S
n
be the sums of n terms of n G.P.'s whose frst
term is 1 in each term and common ratios are 1, 2, 3,...., n
respectively, then prove that
S
1
, S
2
+ 2S
3
+ 3S
4
+.... + (n 1) S
n
= 1
n
+ 2
n
+ 3
n
+.... + n
n
.
80. A G.P. consists of an even number of terms. If the sum of all the
terms is 5 times the sum of the terms occupying the odd places.
Find the common ratio of the G.P.
81. If S
n
denotes the sum of n term of a G.P., prove that
(S
10
S
20
)
2
= S
10
(S
30
S
20
).
82. Find the G.M. between the numbers :
(i) 72 and 882 (ii) 0.027 and 7.5
83. If A.M. and G.M. of roots of a quadratic equation are 8 and 5
respectively then obtain the quadratic equation.
84. If G is the G.M. between a and b, show that
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
G b G a G

.
85. The A.M. between two positive numbers is 34 and their G.M. is
16. Find the numbers.
86. Insert 5 G.M. between 1/3 and 9 and verify that their product is
the 5
th
power of the G.M. between 1/3 and 9.
87. If two G.M.sg
1
and g
2
and one A.M. A be inserted between two
numbers, then show that
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
(
(
(
(
A +
.
88. If A and G be respectively the A.M. and G.M. between two
positive numbers, prove that the numbers are
2 2
G A A t .
89. Find n such that
1 1
+
+
n n
n n
b a
b a
may be the G.M. between distinct
positive numbers a and b.
90. If a, b, c are in A.P. ; b,c,d are in G.P. and
e d c
1
,
1
,
1
are in A.P. :
prove that a,c,e are in G.P.
91. The sum of two numbers is 6 times their geometric mean. Show
that the numbers are in the ration 2 2 3 # 2 2 3 + .
28
92. Nitin writes letters to four of his friends. He asks each of them to
copy the letter and mail to four diferent persons with the request
that they continue the chain similarly. Assuming that the chain is
not broken and that it costs 50 paise to mail one letter, fnd the
total money spent on postage till the 8
th
set of letters is mailed.
93. An insect starts from a point and travels in a straight path 1 mm
in the frst second and half of the distance covered in the
previous second in the succeeding second. In how much time
would it reach a point 3 mm away from its starting point.
94. Find the following sums :
(i) 12 +13+14+.+37 (ii) 1
2
+2
2
+3
2
+..+20
2
(iii) 18
2
+19
2
+20
2
++47
2
(iv) 11
3
+12
3
+13
3
+.+25
3
(iv) 2
3
+4
3
+6
3
+.+18
3
95. Find the sum of frst n terms of the series : 1
2
+3
2
+5
2
+..
96. Find the sum of n terms of the series whose nth terms is
(2n 1)
2
.
97. Find the sum of the series: 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + to n terms.
98. Sum the series : 1.3
2
+2.5
2
+3.7
2
+..to 20 terms.
99. If S
1
, S
2
, S
3
are the sum of the frst n natural numbers, their
squares and their cubes respectively, show that S
3
(1+8S
1
) =
2
2
9S .
100.If the line segment joining the points A (a,b) and B (c,d) subtends
and angle at the origin, show that.
2 2 2 2
cos
d c b a
bd ac
+ +
+

.
101.If D is the mid-point of the side BC of a triangle ABC, prove that
( )
2 2 2 2
2 D* AD A* A+ + +
.
102.Find the sum of frst n terms of the sequence : 2,5,10,17,26,..
103.Find the sum of frst n terms of the series : 5+7+13+31+85+.
104.Show that the sequence > <
n
a defned by a
n
= 4n +5 is an A.P.
Also, fnds it common diference.
105.Show that the sequence > <
n
a defned by a
n
= 2n
2
+1 is not an
A.P.
29
106.Show that the sequence > <
n
a is an A.P. if its nth term is a linear
expression in n and in such a case the common diference is
equal to the coefcient of n.
107.Show that the sequence log a, log

,
_

,
_

,
_

3
4
2
3 2
log , log ,
b
a
b
a
b
a
, form an
A.P.
108.The nth term of a sequence is 3n 2. It the sequence an A.P.? If
so, fnd its 10
th
term.
109.Show that the sequence 9, 12, 15, 18, is an A.P. Find its 16
th
term and the general term.
110.Show that the sequence log a log (ab), log (ab
2
), log (ab
3
), is an
A.P. Find its nth term.
111.Which term of the sequence 72,70,68,66, is 40?
112.Which term of the sequence 4,9,14,19, is 124.?
113.How many terms are there in the sequence 3,6,9,12,.,111?
114.Is 184 a term of the sequence 3,7,11,?
115.Which term of the sequence 20,
4
3
17 ,
2
1
18 ,
4
1
19
, is the frst
negative term?
116.Which term of the sequence 8 6i, 7 4i, 6 2i, is (i) purely
real (ii) purely imaginary?
117.If pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. are a,b,c respectively, then
show that :
(i) a(q r) + b (r p) + c(p q) = 0
(ii) (a b) r + (b c) p + (c a) q = 0.
118.Show that the sum of (m+n)
th
and (m n)
th
term of an A.P. is equal
to twice the m
th
term.
119.Show that there is no A.P. which consists only of distinct prime
numbers.
120.If m times the mth term of an A.P. is equal to n times its nth term,
show that the (m +n)th term of the A.P. is zero.
121.If the pth term of an A.P. is q and the qth term is p, prove that its
nth term is (p +qn).
122.If the mth term of an A.P. b 1/n and nth term be 1/m, then show
that its (mn)th term is 1.
123.Determine the number of terms in the A.P. 3,7,11,.407. Also,
fnd its 20
th
term from the end.
30
124. How many numbers of two digits are divisible by 7?
125.In an A.P. the sum of the terms equidistant from the beginning
and end is always same and equal to the sum of frst and last
term.
126.In the arithmetic progressions 2,5,8, upto 500 terms, and
3,5,7,9,.. upto 60 term, fnd how many terms are identical.
127.Find the number of terms common to the two A.P.s 3,7,11,.407
and 2,9,16,..,709.
128.If n
a a a a ,...., , ,
3 2 1 are in A.P., where
0 >
"
a
for all I, show that
n n n
a a
n
a a a a a a +

+
+ +
+
+
+
1 1 3 2 2 1
1 1
...
1 1
129.If n
a a a a ,...., , ,
3 2 1 be an A.P. of non-zero terms, prove that
n n n
a a
n
a a a a a a
1 1 3 2 2 1
1 1
....
1 1
+ + +

130.The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 3, and their product is 8.

Find the numbers.
131.Find four numbers is A.P. where sum is 20 and the sum of whose
squares is 120.
132.Divide 32 into four parts which are in A.P. such that the product
of extremes is to the product of means is 7 : 15.
133.If the fourth power of the common diferent of an A.. with integer
entries is added to the product of any four on consecutive terms
of it. Prove that the resulting sum is the square of an integer.
134.Find the sum of 20 terms of the A.P. 1,4,7,10.
135.Find the sum of the series: 5+13+21++181.
136.Find the sum of all three digit natural numbers, which are
divisible by 7.
137.Find the sum of all natural between 250 and 1000 which are
exactly divisible by 3.
138.Find the sum of all odd integers between 2 and 100 divisible by
3.
139.Prove that a sequence is an A.P. if the sum of its n terms is of
the form An
2
+ Bn, where A, B are constants.
140.If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is pn + qn
2
, where p and q are
constants, fnd the common diference.
141.If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is 3n
2
+ 5n and its mth term is
164, fnd the value of m.
31
142.Find the sum of frst 20 terms of an A.P., in which 3
rd
term is 7
and 7
th
term is two more than thrice of its 3
rd
term.
143.The sum of the frst four terms of an A.P. is 56. The sum of the
last four terms is 112. If its frst term is 11, then fnd the number
of terms.
144.Find the sum of frst 24 terms of the A.P. a
1
, a
2
, a
3
,, if it is
known that a
1
+ a
5
+ a
10
+a
15
+ a
20
+ a
24
= 225.
145.If the m
th
term of an A.P. is
n
1
and the nth term is
m
1
, show that
the sum of mn terms is
( ) 1
2
1
+ mn
, where m n.
146.Find the sum to n terms of the sequence <a
n
>, where
a
n
= 5 6n, n N.
147.How many terms of the series 54, 51, 48, be taken so that
their sum is 513? Explain the double answer.
148.Find the number of terms in the series 20,
3
2
18 ,
3
1
19
,. Of which
the sum is 300, explain the double answer.
149.Solve 1 + 6+ 11+16+.+ x = 148.
150.If the frst of an A.P. is 2 and the sum of frs fve terms is equal
to one-fourth of the sum of the next fve terms, fnd the sum of
frs 30 terms.
151.The sum of the frst p,q,r terms of an A.P. are a,b,c respectively.
Show that
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 + + q p
r
c
p r
q
b
r q
q
a
152.The sum of n, 2n, 3n terms of an A.P. are S
1
, S
2
, S
3
respectively.
Prove that S
3
= 3 (S
2
S
1
).
153.The sums of n terms of three arithmetical progression are S
1
, S
2
and S
3
. The frst terms of each is unity and common diferences
are 1,2, and 3 respectively. Prove that S
1
+S
3
= 2S
2
.
154.The pth term of an A.P. is a and qth term is b. Prove that the sum
of its (p+q) terms is

'

+ +
+
q p
b a
b a
q p
2
.
155.If in an A.P. the sum of m terms is equal to n and the sum of n
terms is equal to m, then prove that the sum of (m+n) terms is
(m+n).
32
156.If the sum of frst m terms of an A.P. is the same as the sum of
its frst n term show that the sum of its (m+n) terms is zero.
157.The ratio of the sum of n terms of two A.Ps is (7n +1) : (4n +27).
Find the ratio of their mth terms.
158.The sum of n terms of two arithmetic progressive are in the ratio
(3n+8) : (7n+5). Find the ratio of their 12
th
terms.
159.The ratio of the sums of m and n terms of an A.P. is m
2
: n
2
. Show
that the ratio of the mth and nth terms is (2m 1) : (2n 1).
160.If there are (2n +1) terms in A.P, then prove that the ratio of the
sum of odd terms and the sum of even terms is (n+1) : n.
161.The interior angles of a polygon are in A.P. The smallest angle in
120
0
and the common diferent is 5
0
. Find the number of sides of
the polygon.
162.The frst, second and the last terms of an A.P. are a,b,c
respective. Prove that the sum is :
( ) ( )
( ) a b
a c b c a

+ +
2
2
163.Let S
k
be the sum of frst k terms of an A.P. What must this
progression be fore the ratio
x
kx
S
S
to be independent of x.
164. Let S
n
be the sum of frst n terms of an A.P. with non-zero
common diference. Find the ratio of frst term and common
diference if
1
2 1
n
n n
S
S
in independent of n
1
.
165.Let S
n
denote the sum of the frst n terms of A.P. If S
2n
= 3 S
n
,
then prove that
6
3

n
n
S
S
166.If S
1
, S
2
, S
3
,.S
m
are the sums of n terms of A.P.s whose frst
terms are 1,2,3, m and common diference are 1,3,5,
(2m 1) respectively. Show that
( ) 1
2
....
2 1
+ + + + mn
mn
S S S
m
167.If a,b,c are in A.P., prove that the following are also in A.P.
(i) b+c,c+a,a+b (ii)
( ) ( ) ( ) b a c a c b c b a + + +
2 2 2
, ,
(iii)
b a a c c b + + +
1
,
1
,
1
33
(iv)
ab ca bc
1
,
1
,
1
(v)

,
_

+
,
_

+
,
_

+
b a
c
a c
b
c b
a
1 1
,
1 1
,
1 1
(vi) ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ]
2 2 2 2 2 2
, , c b a b a c a c b + + +
168.If a
2
,b
2
,c
2
are in A.P. then prove that the following are also in A.P.
(i)
b a a c c b + + +
1
,
1
,
1
(ii)
b a
c
a c
b
c b
a
+ + +
, ,
169.If
c
c b a
b
b a c
a
a c b + + +
, ,
are in A.P., prove that
c b a
1
,
1
,
1
are also in
A.P.
170.If
ab c ac b bc a 2 , 2 , 2
2 2 2
+ + +
are in A.P. show that
b a a c c b
1
,
1
,
1
are
in A.P.
171.If ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
, , b a a c c b are in A.P., prove that
b a a c c b
1
,
1
,
1
are in
A.P.
172.If a,b,c are in A.P., then prove that :
(i) ( ) ( ) ac b c a
2 2
4 (ii)
( )
2 2 3 3 3
3 4 c a b c b a + + +
173.If
( ) ( ) ( ) b a c a c b c b a + + +
2 2 2
, ,
are in A.P., show that either a,b,c, are in
A.P., or ab+bc+ca=0.
174.Insert three arithmetic means between 3 and 19.
175.For what value of n,
n n
n n
b a
b a
+
+
+ + 1 1
is the arithmetic mean of a and b?
176.If n arithmetic means are inserted between 20 and 80 such that
the ratio of frst mean to the last mean is 1 : 3, then fnd the
value of n.
177.Between 1 and 31 are inserted m arithmetic means so that the
ratio of the 7
th
and (m1) the means is 5 : 9. Find the value of m.
178.Prove that the sum of arithmetic means between two numbers in
n times the single A.M. between them.
179.The sum of two numbers is
6
13
. An even number of arithmetic
means are being inserted between them and their sum exceeds
their number by 1. Find the number of means inserted.
180.If the A.M. between the pth and qth term of an A.P. be equal to
the A.M. between rth and sth terms of the A.P., then show that
p + q = r + s.
34
181.Suppose x and y are two real numbers such that the rth mean
between x and 2 y is equal to the rth mean between 2x and y
when n arithmetic means are inserted between them in both the
cases. Show that
1
1

+
x
!
r
n
.
182.The digits of a positive integer, having three digits, are in A.P.
and their sum is 15. The number of obtained by reversing the
digits is 594 less than the original number. Find the number.
183.Two car start together in the same direction from the same place.
The frst goes with uniform speed of 10 km/h. The second goes
at the speed of 8 km/h in the frst hour and increase the speed
by km each succeeding hour. After how many hours will be
second car overtake the frst car if both cars go non-stop?
184.A man replays a loan of Rs. 3250 by paying Rs. 20 in the frst
month and then increases the payment by Rs. 15 every month.
How long will it take him to clear the loan.?
185.150 workers were engaged to fnish a piece of work in a certain
number of days. Four workers dropped the second day, four more
workers dropped the third day and so on. It takes 8 more days to
fnish the work now. Find the number of days in which the work
was completed.
186.Along a road lie an odd number of stones placed at intervals of
10 meters. These stones have to be assembled around the middle
stone. A person can carry only one stone at a time. A man
carried the job with one of the end stones by carrying them in
succession. In carrying all the stones he covered a distance of
3km. Find the number of stones.
187.Find the 9
th
term and the general term of progression
,.... 2 1 ,
2
1
,
4
1

188.Find the 5
th
term of the progression
( )
,......
3 24
7 2 5
,
12
2 2 3
,
3 2
1 2
, 1

,
_

,
_

189.Find 4
th
term from the end of the G.P. 3,6,12,24,...,3072.
190.Which term of the G.P. 2,1,
128
1
,...
4
1
,
2
1
"#
?
35
191.Which term of the G.P. 5,10,20,40,... is 5120.
192.Which term of the G.P. 2,8,32, is 131072?
193.The fourth, seventh and the last term of a G.P. are 10, 80 and
2560 respectively. Find the frst term and the number of terms in
the G.P.
194.The frst term of a G.P. is 1. The sum of the third and ffth terms
is 90. Find the common ratio of the G.P.?
195.If the 4
th
and 9
th
terms of a G.P. be 54 and 13122 respectively,
fnd the G.P.
196.Find a G.P. for which the sum of frst two terms is 4 and the
ffth term is 4 times.
197.If the frst and the nth terms of a G.P. are a and b respectively
and if P is the product of the frst n terms, prove that ( )
n
ab P
2
.
198.The third term of a G.P. is 4. Find the product of its frst fve
terms.
199.The (m+n)th and (mn)th terms of a G.P. are p and q respectively.
Show that the mth and nth terms are
pq
and p
n m
p
q
2 /

,
_

respectively.
200.If the pth, qth and rth terms of a G.P. are a,b,c respectively, prove
that
( ) ( ) ( )
1 . .
q p p r r q
c b a .
201.If a,b,c are respectively the pth, qth and rth terms of G.P., show
that
(q r) log a + (r p) log b + (p q) log c = 0.
202.If pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P., as well as a G.P. are a,b and
c respectively prove that 1
b a a c c b
c b a .
203.Find all sequence which are simultaneously A.P. and G.P.
204.In a fnite G.P. the product of the terms equidistant from the
beginning and the end is always same and equal to the product
of frst and lost term.
205.Show that the products of the corresponding terms of the
sequences a, ar, ar
2
,.,ar
n1
and A, AR, AR
2
,AR
n1
form a G.P.,
and fnd the common ratio.
206.Find four numbers forming a geometric progression in which the
third term is greater that the frst term by 9, and second term is
greater than the 4
th
by 18.
36
207.The frst term of a G.P. is 1. The sum of the third term and ffth
term in 90. Find the common ratio of the G.P.
208.The number of bacteria in a certain culture doubles every hour. If
there were 30 bacteria present in the culture originally, how
many bacteria will be present at the end of 2
nd
hour, 4
th
hour and
nth hour?
209.What will Rs 500 amounts to in 10 years after its deposit in a
bank which pays annual interest rate of 10% compounded
annually?
210.A manufacturer reckons that the value of a machine, which costs
him Rs 15625, will depreciate each year by 20%. Find the
estimated value at the end of 5 years.
211.If the sum of three numbers in G.P. is 38 and their product is
1728, fnd them.
212.If the continued product of three numbers in G.P. is 216 and the
sum of their products in pairs is 156, fnd the numbers.
213.Find three numbers in G.P. whose sum is 13 and the sum of
whose squares is 91.
214.Find four numbers in G.P. whose sum is 85 and product is 4096.
215.Three numbers are in G.P. whose sum is 70. If the extremes be
each multiplied by 4 and the means by 5, they will be in A.P.
Find the numbers.
216.Find three numbers in G.P. whose sum is 52 and the sum of
whose products in pairs is 624.
217.The product of frst three terms of a G.P. is 1000. If 6 is added to
its second terms and 7 added to its third term, the terms become
in A.P. Find the G.P.
218.Find four numbers in G.P. in which the third term is greater than
the frst by 9 and the second term is greater than the fourth by
18.
219.The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 56. If we subtract 1,7,21
from these numbers in that order, we obtain an arithmetic
progression. Find the numbers.
220.Find the sum of 7 terms of the G.P. 3,6,12,
221.Find the sum of 10 terms of the G.P. 1,1/2,1/4,1/8
37
222.Find the sum to 7 terms of the sequence

,
_

+ +

,
_

+ +

,
_

+ +
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
5
3
5
2
5
1
,
5
3
5
2
5
1
,
5
3
5
2
5
1

38
223.Find the sum to n terms of the sequence
,...
1
,
1
,
1
2
3
3
2
2
2
2

,
_

,
_

,
_

+
x
x
x
x
x
x
224.Sum the series :
x(x + y) + x
2
(x
2
+ y
2
) + x
3
(x
3
+ y
3
)+.to n terms
225.Find the sum to n terms of the sequence <a
n
> given by
a
n
= 2
n
+3n, n N
226.Find the sum of the series 2+6+18+..+4374
227.Find the sum of the following series :
(i) 5+55+555+to n terms
(ii) 0.7+0.77+0.777+ to n terms.
228.Prove that the sum to n terms of the series 11+103+1005+. Is
( )
2
1 10
9
10
n
n
+
.
229.The sum of frst three terms of a G.P. is 16 and the sum of the
next three terms is 128. Find the sum of n terms of the G.P.
230.Find a G.P. for which the sum of the frst two terms is 4 and the
ffth term is 4 times the third term.
231.Determine the number of terms in G.P. <a
n
>, if a
1
=3, a
n
= 96 and
S
n
= 189.
232.Find the least value of n for which the sum 1+3+3
2
+. To n term
is greater than 7000.
233.How many terms of the geometric series 1+4+16+64+.will take
the same 5461?
234.The sum of some terms of a G.P. is 315 whose frst term and the
common ratio are 5 and 2, respectively. Find the last term and
the number of terms.
235.In a increasing G.P., the sum of the frst and the last term is 66,
the product of the second and the last but one is 128 and the
sum of the term is 126. How many terms are there in the
progression.?
236.Find the sum of the product of the corresponding terms of the
sequences 2,4,8,16,32 and 128,32,8,2
2
1
.
237.If S
1
,S
2
and S
3
be respectively the sum of n, 2n and 3n terms of a
G.P., prove that
39
S
1
(S
3
S
2
) = (S
2
S
1
)
2
238.If S be the sum, P the product R the sum of the reciprocals of n
terms of a G.P., prove that
2
P
,
S
n

,
_

239.If f is a function satisfying f (x + y) = f (x) f (y) for all x , y N

such that f (1) = 3 and ( ) x f
n
x 1
= 120, fnd the value of n.
240.A person writes a letter to four of his friends. He asks each one
of them to apply the letter and mail to four diferent persons with
instruction that they move the chain similarly. Assuming that the
chain is not broken and that it costs 50 paise to mail one letter.
Find the amount spent on the postage when 8
th
set of letter is
mailed.
241.Find the sum to infnity of the G.P.
,...
64
5
,
16
5
,
4
5

242.Sum the following geometric series to infnity
(i)
( ) ( ) + + + + ..... 1 2 1 1 2
(ii)
+ + + + + + ....
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
6 5 4 3 2
243.Prove that : 6
1/2
. 6
1/4
. 6
1/8
. = 6.
244.Find the sum of an infnitely decreasing G.P., whose frst term is
equal to b +2 and the common ratio to 2/c, where b is the least
value of the product of the roots of the equation (m
2
+1) x
2
3 x+
(m
2
+1)
2
= 0, and c is the greatest value of the sum of its roots.
245.If b = a + a
2
+ a
3
+., prove that
b
b
a
+ 1
246.If x =
+ + + + + + + .... , ... , ....
4 2 2 2
r
c
r
c
c and
r
b
r
b
b !
r
a
r
a
a
, prove
that
c
ab

x!

.
247.If x = 1 +a+a
2
+...., where |a|<1 and y =1 + b + b
2
+..., where
|b| <1. Prove that
1+ab+a
2
b
2
+.....=
1 + ! x
x!
.
248.If A =1 +r
a
+ r
2a
+.... to and B= 1+r
b
+r
2b
+...., prove that
b a
+
+
A
A
r
/ 1 / 1
1 1

,
_

,
_

40
249.If
, sin cos , sin , cos
2 2
0
2
0
2
0

n n
n
n
n
n
n
! x

where 0 < , < /2 then prove
that xz+yz z = xy.
250.If |x| <1 and |y| <1, fnd the sum to infnity of the series (x+y) +
(x
2
+ xy + y
2
) + (x
3
+x
2
y+xy
2
+y
3
)+....
251.The frst term of a G.P. is 2 and the sum to infnity is 6. Find the
common ratio.
252.The sum of an infnite G.P. is 8, its second term is 2, fnd the frst
term .
253.The sum of an infnite G.P. is 57 and the sum of their cubes is
9747, fnd the G.P.
254.The sum of an infnite geometric series is 15 and the sum of the
squares of these terms is 45. Find the series.
255.If each term of an infnite G.P is twice the sum of the terms
following it, then fnd the common ratio of the G.P.
256.Which is the rational number having the decimal expansion 356 . 0
?
257.Use geometric series to express 0.555 ... = 5 . 0 as a rational
number.
258.A square is drawn by joining the mid-points of the sides of a
square. A third square is drawn inside the second square in the
same way and the process is continued indefnitely. If the side of
the square is 10 cm, fnd the sum of the areas of all the squares
so formed.
259.After striking a foor a certain ball rebounds

,
_

5
4
th of the height
from which is has fallen. Find the total distance that it travels
before coming to rest, if it is gently dropped from a height of 120
meters.
260.The inventor of the chess board suggested a reward of one grain
of wheat for the frst square, 2 grains for the second, 4 grains for
the third and so on, doubling the number of the grains for
subsequent squares. How many grains would have to be given to
inventor? (There are 64 squares in the chess board).
41
261.If p,q,r are in A.P., show that the pth, qth and rth terms of any
G.P. are in G.P.
262.If a,b,c are in A.P. and x,y,z are in G.P., then show that x
bc
. y
c
a
.z
ab
= 1.
263.If a,b,c are in G.P., then prove that log a
n
, log b
n
, log c
n
are in A.P.
264.If mth, nth and pth terms of a G.P. from three consecutive terms
of a G.P. prove that m,n and p form three consecutive of
arithmetic sequence.
265.Three numbers whose sum is 15 are in A.P.If 1,4,19 be added to
them respectively then they are in G.P. Find the numbers.
266.If a,b,c are in G.P. and x, y are the arithmetic means of a,b and c
respectively then prove that :
b ! x
and
!
c
x
a 2 1 1
2 + +
267.If a,b,c,d are in G.P. show that :
(i) (b c)
2
+ (c a)
2
+(d b)
2
= (a d)
2
(ii) (ab + bc + cd)
2
= (a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
) (b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
).
268.If a,b,c,d are in G.P., prove that a + b, b + c, c + d are also in G.P.
269.If a,b,c,d are in G.P., prove that a
n
+ b
n
, b
n
+ c
n
, c
n
+ d
n
are also in
G.P.
270.If a,b,c are in G.P. and a
1/x
= b
1/y
= c
1/z
, prove that x,y,z are in
A.P.
271.If a
2
+ b
2
, ab + bc and b
2
+ c
2
are in G.P., prove that a,b,c are also
in G.P
272.Insert 5 geometric means between 576 and 9.
273.Find the value of n so that
n n
n n
b a
b a
+
+
+ + 1 1
may be the geometric mean
between a and b.
274.Find two positive numbers whose diference is 12 and whose
A.M. exceeds the G.M. by 2.
275.Find two numbers whose arithmetic mean is 34 and the
geometric mean is 16.
276.If a,b,c are in G.P. and the equations ax
2
+ 2bx + c = 0 and
dx
2
+2ex+f=0have a common root, then show that
c
f
b
e
a
d
, ,
are in
A.P.
42
277.If the A.M. and G.M between two numbers are in the ratio m : n,
then prove that the numbers are in the ratio
2 2 2 2
# n m m n m m + .
278.Let x be the arithmetic mean and y, z be two geometric means
between any two positive numbers. Then, prove that
2
3 3

+
x!
!
.
279.If a is the A.M. of b and c and the two geometric means are G
1
and G
2
, then prove that abc G G 2
3
2
3
1
+
280.If one geometric mean G and two arithmetic means A
1
and A
2
be
inserted between two given quantities, prove that G
2
= (2A
1
A
2
)
(2A
2
A
1
).
281.Find the sum to n terms of series 1
2
+ 3
2
+ 5
2
+... to n terms.
282.Find the sum of the series 2
2
+ 4
2
+ 6
2
+....+(2n)
2
283.Find the sum to n terms of the series 1.2.3.+2.3.4+3.4.5+.....
284.Find the sum of n terms of the series 1.2
2
+ 2.3
2
+ 3.4
2
+...
285.Sum the series 3.8 + 6.11 + 9.14 +... to n terms.
286.Find the sum of n terms of the series whose nth term is
(i) 2n
2
3n +5 (ii) n
2
+ 2
n
287.Find the sum of the following series to n terms:
....
5 3 1
3 2 1
3 1
2 1
1
1
3 3 3 3 3 3
+
+ +
+ +
+
+
+
+
288.Show that :
( )
( ) 1 3
5 3
1 ... 3 2 2 1
1 ... 3 2 2 1
2 2 2
2 2 2
+

+ + + +
+ + +
n
n
n n
n n
.
289.If S
1
,S
2
,S
3
are the sums of frst n natural numbers, their squares,
their cubes respectively, show that
( )
1 3
2
2
8 1 9 S S S +
.
290.Find the sum to n terms of the series:
( ) ( ) ... 3 2 1 2 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + + + + +
291.The sequence N of natural numbers is divided into classes as
follows :
1 2
3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
.............................................
.............................................
Show that the sum of the numbers in nth row in n (2n
2
+1)
292. If
k
k
S
k
+ + +

... 2 1
, fnd the value of
2 2
2
2
1
...
n
S S S + + +
.
43
293.Sum to n terms the series ... 6 5 4 3 2 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + +
294.Find the sum of all products of the frst n natural numbers taken
two by two.
295.Find the sum of the series :
1.n + 2. (n 1) +3. (n 2)+...+(n 1). 2 + n. 1.
296.Find the sum to n terms of the series
3+15+35+63+...
297.Find the sum to n terms of the series :
1+5+12+22+35+...
298.Find the sum of frst n terms of the following series :
(i) 3+7+13+21+31+... (ii) 5+11+19+29+41+...
299.Sum of the following series to n terms : 5+7+13+31+85+....
300.Find the sum to n terms of the series :
( ) 1 .
1
...
4 . 3
1
3 . 2
1
2 . 1
1
+
+ + +
n n
.
301.Find the sum to n terms of the series :
...
7 . 5
1
5 . 3
1
3 . 1
1
+ + +
302.Find the sum :
( )( ) b a ar b ar
n
r
+ + +

1
1
303.Find the sum to n terms of the series :
...
4 . 3
7
3 . 2
5
2 . 1
3
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + +
304.Find the sum to n term of the given series. Then,
...
3 3 1
3
2 2 1
2
1 1 1
1
4 2 4 2 4 2
+
+ +
+
+ +
+
+ +
44
Type III (Objective Type Question)
1. If x, y and z are the
-. -.
q p ,
and
-.
r
terms respectively of an A.P. and
also of a G.P., then
! x x !
! x

is equal to:
(a)x y z (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 1
2. The third term of a geometric progression is 4. The product of the frst
fve terms is:
(a)
3
4
(b)
5
4
(c)
4
4
(d) none of these.
3. a, b, c are in G.P., then the equations 0 2
2
+ + c bx ax and
0 2
2
+ + f ex dx
have a common root if
c
f
b
e
a
d
, , are in
(a)A.P. (b) G.P. (c) H.P. (d) none of these.
4. If
( ) ( ) ( ) c b a n " c a n l b a n l + + 2 , ,
are in A.P., then
(a)a, b, c are in A.P. (b)
2 2 2
, , c b a
are in A.P.
(c)a, b, c are in G.P. (d) a, b, c are in H.P.
5. Let x be the arithmetic mean and y, z be the two geometric means
between any two positive numbers. Then
x!
!
3 3
+
=
(a)2 (b) 1 (c) (d) none of these.
6. The harmonic mean of the roots of ( ) ( ) 0 5 2 8 5 4 2 5
2
+ + + + x x is
(a)2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
7. The following consecutive terms
,
1
1
x + x
x

1
1
,
1
1
of a series are in
(a)H.P. (b) G.P. (c) A.P. (d) A.P. & G.P.
8. If
r q p , ,
are in G.P. and
p
1
+an

,
q
1
+an

, r
1
+an

, are in A.P. then p, q,

r satisfed the relation
(a)
r q p
(b)
r q p
(c)
r q p +
(d) none of these.
9. The sum to n terms of the series
( ) ( ) ( ) ... ! 3 3 ! 2 2 ! 1 1 + + +

(a)
( ) 1 ! 1 + n
(b)
( ) 1 ! 1 n
(c)
( ) 1 ! 1 + n
(d)
( ) 1 ! 1 + + n
10. The sum of the series
...
16
15
8
7
4
3
2
1
+ + + +
up to n terms is :
(a)
n
n
2
1
1+
(b)
n
n
2
1
+
(c)
n
n
2
1
2 +
(d)
n
n
2
1
1+ +

11. Let
r
-
denote the
-.
r
terms of an A.P. If
n
-
m
1
and
m
-
n
1
then
mn
-
equals
(a)
mn
1
(b)
n m
1 1
+ (c) 1 (d) 0
12. Let
... , , ,
3 2 1
a a a
be in A.P. and r q p
a a a , ,
be in G.P. Then p q
a a #
is
equal to
(a)
p q
p r

(b)
q r
p q

(c)
p q
q r

(d) None of these

13. If
3 2 1
, , x x x
as well as
3 2 1
, ! ! !
are in G.P. with some common ratio,
then the points
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2 1 1
, , , , , ! x ! x ! x
.
(a)lie of a st.line (b) lie on an ellipse
(c)lie on a circle (d) are vertices of a triangle
45
14. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that 2 + + + d c b a , then
( ) ( ) d c b a M + +
satisfes the relation
(a)
1 0 M
(b)
2 1 M
(c)
3 2 M
(d)
4 3 M
15. The coefcient of
15
x in the product
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x x x x x . 2 1 ... . 2 1 2 1 2 1 1
15 2 2
is equal to
(a)
121 105
2 2
(b)
105 121
2 2
(c)
104 120
2 2
(d)None of these
16. In the sequence 1, 2, 2, 3,3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, , where n consecutive
terms have the value n, the 150
th
term is equal to
(a)16 (b) 17 (c) 18 (d) None of these
17. The minimum value of
, x
x x
+

, 4 4
1
, is
(a)2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) None of these
18. If
7 log 5 log 3 log
9 7 5
+ + x
then
(a)
2
3
x (b)
3
2
1
x
(c)
3
2
3
x
(d) None of these
19. The product of n positive numbers is 1. Their sum is
(a) a positive integer (b) divisible by n
(c)equal to
n
n
1
+ (d) greater than or equal to n
20. The least value of
, 0001 . 0 log log 2
100 a
a

1 > a
is
(a)2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) none of these
21. If
2
0

< < x then the minimum value of ( )
3
2 cos cos sin x ec x x + + is
(a)27 (b) 13.5 (c) 6.75 (d) none of these
22. If
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
r
n
r
x x x x x

+ + + +
0
128 4 2
1 ... 1 1 1
then n is
(a)255 (b) 127 (c) 63 (d) None of these
23. It is given that
...
3
1
2
1
1
1
4 4 4
+ + +
to
90
4

. Then
...
5
1
3
1
1
1
4 4 4
+ + +
to is
equal to
(a)
96
4

(b)
45
4

(c)
90
89
4

(d) none of these

24. If n is an odd integer greater than or equal to 1 then the value of
( ) ( ) ( )
3 1 3 3 3
1 . 1 ... 2 1

+ +
n
n n n is
(a)
( ) ( )
4
1 2 . 1
2
+ n n
(b)
( ) ( )
4
1 2 . 1
2
n n
(c)
( ) ( )
4
1 2 . 1
2
+ + n n
(d) None of these
25. Let
( ) ! . n n -
n

B. Then
n
n
-

15
1
is equal to
(a)
1 ! 15
(b)
1 ! 15 +
(c)
1 ! 16
(d) None of these
26. Let
( )
1
]
1

+
100 2
1 n
n f
where
[ ] x
denotes the integral part of x. Then the
value of
( ) n f
n

100
1
is
46
(a)50 (b) 51 (c) 1 (d) none of these
27. In the given square, a diagonal is drawn, and parallel line segments
joining points on the adjacent sides are drawn on both sides of the
diagonal. The length of the diagonal is 2 n cm. If the distance
between consecutive line segment be
2
1
cm then the sum of the
lengths of all possible line segments and the diagonal is
(a)
( ) cm n n 2 1 + (b) cm n
2
(c)
( ) cm n n 2 +
(d) cm n 2
2
28. ABC is a right-angled triangle in which

90 + and BC = a. If n
points
n
L L L , ... , ,
2 1
on AB are such that AB is divided in 1 + n equal
parts and
n n
M L M L M L , ... , ,
2 2 1 1
are line segments parallel to BC and
n
M M M , ... , ,
2 1
are on AC then the sum of the lengths of
n n
M L M L M L ..., , ,
2 2 1 1
is
(a)
( )
2
1 + n a
(b)
( )
2
1 n a
(c)
2
an
(d) insufcient data
29. If
... log log log
4
1
3
1
5 5
5
+ + + x x x
upto 7 terms = 35, then x is equal to
(a)5 (b) 25 (c) 125 (d) none of these
30. The sum of n terms of the series
...
4 . 3
7
3 . 2
5
2 . 1
3
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + +
is
(a)
( )
2
2
2 +
+
n
n n
(b)
( )
2
2
1
2
+
+
n
n n
(c)
( )
2
2
3
2
+
+
n
n n
(d) None of these.
31. The rational form of
. .
123 . 0
is
(a)
990
123
(b)
990
122
(c)
990
121
(d) none of these.
32. The number is 111.1, 91 times is
(a)a fraction (b) a prime integer
(c)not a prime integer (d) None of these.
33. The sum of n terms of the series
...
15 11
1
11 7
1
7 3
1
+
+
+
+
+
+
is
(a)
n
n 3 4 3 + +
(b)
3 4 3 + + n
n
(c)
3 4 3 + + n
(d)
3 4 3
1
+ + n
34. If
... , , ,
3 2 1
a a a
are in G.P. and
... , , ,
3 2 1
x x x
are positive real numbers
such that
...
3 2 1
1
3
1
2
1
1

x x x
a a a
, then
... , , ,
3 2 1
x x x
are in
(a)A.P. (b) G.P. (c) H.P. (d) None of these.
47
35. If
c b a , ,
are in H.P., then
(a)
c b a
c
b a c
b
a c a
a
+ + +
, , are H.P. (b)
c b a b b
+

1 1 3
(c)
2
,
2
,
2
b
c
b b
a + + are in G.P. (d)
b a
c
a c
b
c b
a
+ + +
, , are in A.P.
36. If a, b, c are in G.P. then

+
+
+

c b
a b
c b
a b

(a)
2 2
c b (b) a, c (c) a, b (d) 0
37.
... ! 4 . 4 ! 3 . 3 ! 2 . 2 ! 1 . 1 + + + +
to n terms is equal to
(a)
1 ! n
(b)
( ) ! 1 + n
(c)
( ) 1 ! 1 + n
(d) None of these.
38. If a, x, b are in A.P. a, y, b are in G.P. and a, z, b are in H.P. such that
x 9
and
0 , 0 > > b a
, then
(a)
! 3
(b)
! x 3
(c)
x ! + 2
(d) None of these.
39. If x, y, z are three real numbers of the same sign, then the value of
x

!
!
x
+ +
lies in the interval
(a)
[ ) , 2
(b)
[ ) , 3
(c)
( ) , 3
(d)
( ) 3 ,
40. The sum of n terms of the series ... 6 . 2 5 4 . 2 3 2 . 2 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + + + + + is
( )
2
1
2
+ n n

when n is even. When n is odd the sum is
(a)
( )
2
1
2
+ n n
(b)
( )
2
1
2
n n
(c) ( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2
2
+ + n n (d) None of these.
41. If
n
T
denotes the nth term of the series ... 18 11 6 3 2 + + + + + , then
50
T
is
given by
(a) 1 49
2
(b)
2
49 (c) 1 50
2
+ (d) 2 49
2
+
42. Let
( ) x f
be a function such that
( ) ( ) x f x f ,
and
( ) x f
are in G.P. Then
( ) x f
is a
(a)constant function (b) logarithmic function
(c)exponential function (d) linear function.
43. If a, b, c are three unequal numbers such that a, b, c are in A.P. and
a b c a b , ,
are in G.P. Then at
c b a # #
is
(a)
4 # 3 # 2
(b)
3 # 2 # 1
(c)
5 # 4 # 3
(d) none of these
44. If
( ) c a + log
,
( ) ( ) c b a a c + 2 log , log
are in A.P., then
(a)a, b, c, are in A.P. (b)
2 2 2
, , c b a
are in A.P.
(c)
c b a , ,
are in G.P. (d) a, b, c are in H.P.
45. If in a triangle PQR, sin P, sin Q, sin R are in A.P., then
(a)the altitudes are in A.P. (b) the altitudes are in H.P.
(c)the medians are in G.P. (d) the medians are in A.P.
48
46. If
1 , 1 , 1 > > > ! x
are in G.P. then
! x log 1
1
,
log 1
1
,
log 1
1
+ + +
are in
(a)A.P. (b) H.P. (c) G.P. (d) None of these
47. Let the positive numbers a, b, c be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are
(a)neither in A.P./G.P./H.P. (b) in A.P.
(c)in G.P. (d) in H.P.
48. The sum of all odd proper divisors of 360 is
(a)77 (b) 78 (c) 81 (d) none of these.
49. If the sum of the frst 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5, 8, is equal to the
sum of the frst n terms of the A.P. 57, 59, 61, then n equals
(a)10 (b) 12 (c) 11 (d) 13
50. The A.M., G.M. and H.M. of two numbers are x, y and z respectively.
Then which of the following is true?
(a)
x ! < <
(b)
x ! < <
(c)
! x < <
(d)
! x < <
.

49
Type-1 (NCERT Ansers)
Exercise 9.1
Exercise 9.2
Exercise 9.3
50
Exercise 9.4

Miscellaneous Examles

51
Type II (Anser Extra !ractice Questions)
1. (i)
7
9
(ii)
2
1
2. (i) 1,1,5,13,41,121
(ii) 1/2, 1, 1/2,1/2, 1/4,1/8
3. 99, 5n 1 5.
6
7
6
5
2
1
+ +
6. n = 29 7. 1680
8. log
2
5. 9. 13 10. 199 11. 59 12. n = 25
13. T
3p+1
= 2T
p+q+1
14. 3 15. 0 19. 2n1, 2n+7
20. 2,4,6,8, 8,6,4,2 21. (i)
9
325
(ii) 2139
22. 3,9,15 23. Q. 24. 17696 25. 123525
26. 200000 27. n = 12 28. 2310 29. (i) 112 (ii) 2550
30. 11 31. (m+n) 37.
4
53
,
2
25
,
4
47
39. 12
40. n =1 41. n = 5 43. Rs. 39,100
44. (i) 550 units. (ii) 4375 units (iii) 775 units
45. 25 days 46. 9 hours 47. 768 48. 20+40+80...
49. 11
th
term 50. 5 54. 3 or 3 55.
64
1
62. 3,6,12, 24 63.
2
2
3
3
, , , , , , , , , , , ar ar a
r
a
r
a
ar ar
r
a
r
a
ar a
r
a
64. 20,10,5, Case II- 5,10,20.
65. Case I 1,2,4,8,16 , Case II r =
2
1
66. Case I 32, 16, 8, Case II 8, 16, 32
67. Case I 3, 1, 5, 25 Case II 7, 1, 5, 25
68. (i)
19683
11605
(ii) 127 2 126 69. 9 70. 6
71. 6 72.
128
85
73.
n
r
1
74. 4 75.
( )
49
10 4490
81
7

+
76.
( ) ( )
1
]
1

!
! !
x
x x
! x
n
1
1
1
1 1
2 2 2
77.
n
x
x
x
x
n
n
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
+
1
]
1

78.
( ) 1 2
7
16

n
80. 4 82. (i) 252(ii) 0.45
83. 0 25 16
2
+ x x 85. 64,4 86.
3 3 , 3 , 1 ,
3
1
89. n =
2
1
92. 43,690 93. n N
94. (i) 637 (ii) 2870 (iii) 33935 (iv) 102600 (v) 16200
52
95.
( )
3
1 4
2
n n
96.
( )
3
1 4
2
n n
97.
( ) ( )
4
6 5 1
2
+ + + n n n n
98. 188090 102.
( )
6
7 3 2
2
+ + n n n
103.
( ) 1 8 3
2
1
+ n
n
108.28 111.n = 17 112.n = 25 113.n=37
114.n=
4
1
46
115.n =28 116.(i) n =4 (ii) n = 9
123.331 124.n =13 125.a
1
+ a
n
126.k = 1,2,3,....20
127.k = 1,2,3,...,14 130.4,1,2, or 2,1,4
131.2,4,6,8 or 8,6,4,2 132. d=2,6,10,14 134.590
135.2139 136.70336 137.156375
138.867 140.a
n-1
= p+q {2(2-1)1} 141.m =27
142.740 143.n = 11 144.900 146. S
n
= n(23n)
147.n = 18 or, 19 148.n = 25 or 36 149.x = 1+(81) 5 = 36
150.2550 157.
23 8
6 14
+

m
m
158.
16
7
160.= (n+1) : n
161.n=9 163.d=2a 164.
2
1

d
a
174.7,11,15
175.n=0 176.n=11 177.m =14 179.n = 6
182.852 183.t = 9 184.n=20 185.n=25
186.25 187.( )
3 1
2 1

n n
188.
( )
144
1 2
4

189.384
190.n=9 191.n =11 192.n=9 193.n=12 194.r=t3
195.2,6,18,54 196.
,... 32 , 16 , 8 , 4
197. ( ) [ ] ( )
n n
ab ab P
2 / 2
198.4
5
203.a
1
=a
2
=a
3
204.a
1
a
n
for all 1 <k<n
206.3,6,12,24 207.3 or 3 208.30 2
n
209.
( )
10
1 . 1 500
210.Rs. 5120 211.8,12,18 or 18,12,8.
212.18,6,2 or 2,6,18 213.1,3,9 or 9,3,1
214.1,4,16,64 or 64,16,4,1 215.10,20,40 or 40,20,10
216.4,12,36 or 36,12,4 217.5,10,20,... or 20,10,5...
218.3,6,12,24 219.8,16 and 32 or 32, 16 and 8.
220.381 221.
512
1023
222.
,
_

21
5
1
1
62
19
223.
n
x
x
x
x
S
n
n
n
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
+

,
_

,
_

224.
( )

,
_

,
_

1
1
1
1
2
2
2
x!
x!
x!
x
x
x S
n n
n 225.
( ) ( ) 1
2
3
1 2 2 + + n
n
n
226.6560 227.(i)
{ } n
n
9 10 10
81
5
1

+
(ii)

'

+
n
n
10
1
1 9
81
7
53
229.
( ) 1 2
7
16

n
230.
,.. 16 , 8 , 4 ,..
3
16
,
3
8
,
3
4
'r
231.n =6
232.8.69 233.n =7 234.160 235.n=6
236.496 239.n=4 240.Rs 43690
241.1 242.(i)
2
2 3 4 +
(ii)
24
19
244.9
250.
( ) ( ) ! x
x! ! x

+
1 1
251.r =2/3 252. a=4 253.19,38/3,76/9,...
254.
+ + + + ....
27
40
9
20
3
10
5
255.
3
1
r
256.
990
353
257.
9
5
258.257.sq.cm. 259.1080 metres
260.2
64
1 261.a
p
, a
q
, a
r
are in G.P.
265.26,5,16 or 2,5,8 272.18 273.n=
2
1

274.a = 16, b =4 275.a =64, b =4 281.

( ) 1 4
3
2
n
n
282.
( )( ) 1 2 1
3
2
+ + n n n
283.
( )( ) ( )
4
3 2 1 + + + n n n n
284.
( ) ( ) ( )
12
5 3 2 1 + + + n n n n
285.S
n
= 3n (n+1 (n+3)
286.(i)
( ) 23 3 4
6
2
+ n n
n
S
n
(ii)
( ) ( )
( ) 1 2 2
6
1 2 1
+
+ +
n
n n n
287.
( ) 13 9 2
24
2
+ + n n
n
290.
( ) ( ) 2 1
12
2
+ + n n
n
292.
( ) 13 9 2
24
2
+ + n n
n
293.
( )
2
1 + n n
294.
( )
( ) ( ) 2 3 1
24
1
+
+
n n
n n
295.
( )( )
6
2 1 + + n n n
296.
( ) 1 6 4
3
2
+ n n
n
297.
( )
2
1
2
+ n n
298.(i)
( ) 5 3
3
2
+ + n n
n
(ii)
3
) 4 )( 2 ( + + n n n
299.
( ) n n 8 1 3
2
1
+
300.
1
1
1
+

n
301.
1 2 + n
n
302.
( ) ( ) ( ) b a n b a
n
+ + + 1
303.
( )
2
2
1
2
+
+
n
n n
304.
( ) 1 2
2
2
+ +
+
n n
n n
54