2

Standard Trench/Embankment Installation

Concrete pipe should be installed in accordance with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications,
Section 27 or ASTM C1479. Figure 1 shows the basic pipe and soil terminology.

Overfill Soil
Category I, II, III

Do/6 (Min.)

Do (Min.)

Do

Haunch

Springline

Lower Side
Di

Bedding
See Tables 1 & 2
Outer bedding
materials and
compaction each
side, same
requirements
as haunch

Do/3

Middle bedding loosely

placed uncompacted
bedding except Type 4

Foundation

There are four types of Standard Installations, each with its own soil and compaction requirements. Type 1 bedding provides the most support using highly compacted granular material,
while Type 4 provides for less support allowing the use of silts and clay soils with little or no compaction. These four choices provide flexibility and versatility for the designer and contractor, as
well as performance and economy for the owner that are not available with other types of pipe.
The soil and compaction requirements are provided in Table 1. Table 2 shows the equivalent soil designations per the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and AASHTO.
To facilitate your selection of the proper reinforced concrete pipe using the most beneficial Standard Installation for the conditions at the site, fill height tables are provided on the following
pages. The required 0.01 inch crack D-Loads in units of lbs per linear foot per foot of diameter are provided numerically and the class of pipe per ASTM C76 (AASHTO M 170) meeting this
requirement is designated by color of the cell.

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

3
Table 1: Standard Installation Soils and Minimum Compaction Requirements

Installation
Bedding
Haunch and

Type

Thickness

Outer Bedding

Lower Side

Type 1

Do /24 minimum, not

95% Category I
less than 3 (75 mm)
If rock foundation, use
Do /12 minimum, not
less than 6 (150 mm)

90% Category I,
95% Category II,
or
100% Category III

Type 2

Do /24 minimum, not

90% Category I
less than 3 (75 mm)
or
If rock foundation, use
95% Category II
Do /12 minimum, not
less than 6 (150 mm)

85% Category I,
90% Category II,
or
95% Category III

Type 3

Do /24 minimum, not

less than 3 (75 mm)
If rock foundation, use
Do /12 minimum, not
less than 6 (150 mm)

85% Category I,
90% Category II,
or
95% Category III

85% Category I,
90% Category II,
or
95% Category III

Type 4

No bedding required
No compaction
except if rock
required, except if
foundation, use Do /12
Category III,
minimum, not
use 85%
less than 6 (150 mm)

No compaction
required, except if
Category III,
use 85%

Reference: ASCE 15-98, Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe
Using Standard Installations (SIDD), 1998.

Table 3: Reinforced Pipe Classes for 0.01 inch

Crack Per ASTM C 76 (lbs/ft/ft)
Class I

800

Class II

1000

Class III

1350

Class IV

2000

Class V

3000

Special Design

> 3000

Table 2: Equivalent USCS and AASHTO Soil Classifications

for Standard Installation Soil Designations

Representative Soil Types

Percent Compaction

Standard Modified
SIDD
USCS
AASHTO Proctor Proctor
Gravelly
SW, SP,
A1, A3
Sand
GW, GP
(Category I)

100
95
90
85
80
61

95
90
85
80
75
59

Sandy
GM, SM, ML,
A2, A4
Silt
Also GC, SC
(Category II) with less than

20% passing

#200 sieve

100
95
90
85
80
49

95
90
85
80
75
46

Silty
CL, MH,
A5, A6
Clay
GC, SC
(Category III)

100
95
90
85
80
45

90
85
80
75
70
40

Not Allowed
CH
A7
for Haunch
or Bedding

100
95
90
45

90
85
80
40

Reference: ASCE 15-98, Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete
Pipe Using Standard Installations (SIDD), 1998.

NOTES:
1. Compaction and soil symbols i.e. 95% Category I refers to Category I soil material with a minimum
Standard Proctor compaction of 95%. See Table 2 for equivalent Modified Proctor values.
2. Soil in the outer bedding, haunch, and lower side zones shall be compacted to at least the same
compaction as the majority of soil in the overfill zone.

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

4
The following Fill Height Tables have been developed by the American Concrete Pipe Association (ACPA) using the indirect design method in accordance with Section
12.10.4.3 of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification, 6th Edition, 2012 with 2013 Interim.
Class I
Class IV
Fill Height Tables are based on:
D-Load (lb/ft/ft) for Type 1 Bedding
Class II
Class V
1. gs = 120 pcf
Class
III
Special Design
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition - this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions
4. A Type 1 installation requires greater soil stiffness from the surrounding soils than the Type 2, 3, and 4 installations, and is thus harder to achieve.
Therefore, field verification of soil properties and compaction levels should be performed.

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

10

11

12

13

14

12

1612

1399

888

695

633

620

635

661

544

603

662

721

780

839

15

1546

1344

856

673

614

602

617

644

532

589

646

704

761

818

18

1462

1307

836

660

604

593

608

634

526

583

639

696

752

809

21

1309

1281

823

653

598

588

604

630

525

581

637

693

749

805

24

1287

1262

814

648

595

587

603

629

527

583

638

694

750

805

27

1230

1217

789

636

587

582

600

627

530

586

642

697

753

809

30

1581

1272

819

660

605

598

615

640

535

591

646

702

758

814

33

1443

1222

798

651

599

596

615

641

541

597

653

709

765

821

36

1329

1187

780

643

595

595

616

643

547

603

660

716

772

829

42

1151

1099

745

627

587

591

613

641

553

609

665

721

778

834

48

1019

961

713

614

582

589

612

641

560

616

673

729

785

841

54

969

919

689

604

578

589

613

643

569

625

681

737

794

850

60

994

890

670

596

577

590

615

646

578

634

691

747

804

860

66

946

865

657

589

576

592

618

651

588

644

701

758

814

871

72

881

844

647

584

578

595

622

656

598

655

712

769

826

883

78

827

823

637

582

579

597

625

659

606

663

720

777

834

892

84

782

805

629

580

580

600

628

664

615

672

729

786

843

901

90

744

789

622

580

582

603

632

668

712

681

738

795

853

910

96

712

749

616

580

585

606

637

673

718

690

747

805

862

920

102

685

723

623

587

592

614

645

682

727

774

757

814

872

929

108

662

711

629

595

600

623

654

691

736

783

766

824

882

940

114

642

715

636

603

609

631

663

700

745

793

842

834

892

950

120

625

720

642

609

617

640

672

709

755

802

852

844

903

961

126

611

726

649

617

625

649

681

719

764

812

862

913

913

971

132

599

731

651

625

634

658

690

728

774

822

872

924

976

983

138

589

736

645

633

643

667

699

738

784

832

883

934

987

994

144

580

742

651

642

652

676

709

747

794

843

893

945

998

1052

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

5
Fill Height Tables are based on:
Class I
Class IV
D-Load (lb/ft/ft) for Type 1 Bedding
1. gs = 120 pcf
Class II
Class V
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
Class III
Special Design
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions
4. A Type 1 installation requires greater soil stiffness from the surrounding soils than the Type 2, 3, and 4 installations, and is thus harder to achieve.
Therefore, field verification of soil properties and compaction levels should be performed.

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

12

898

957

1016

1075

1134

1194

1253

1312

1371

1430

1489

1548

1607

1666

15

876

933

990

1048

1105

1163

1220

1277

1335

1392

1449

1507

1564

1621

18

865

921

978

1034

1091

1147

1203

1260

1316

1373

1429

1485

1542

1598

21

861

917

973

1029

1084

1140

1196

1252

1308

1364

1420

1476

1532

1588

24

861

917

972

1028

1084

1139

1195

1251

1306

1362

1418

1474

1529

1585

27

864

920

975

1031

1087

1142

1198

1254

1309

1365

1421

1476

1532

1588

30

870

925

981

1037

1093

1148

1204

1260

1316

1372

1427

1483

1539

1595

33

877

933

989

1045

1101

1157

1213

1269

1325

1381

1437

1493

1549

1605

36

885

941

998

1054

1110

1167

1223

1279

1335

1392

1448

1504

1561

1617

42

890

946

1002

1058

1115

1171

1227

1283

1339

1395

1451

1508

1564

1620

48

897

953

1010

1066

1122

1178

1234

1290

1346

1403

1459

1515

1571

1627

54

906

963

1019

1075

1131

1188

1244

1300

1356

1413

1469

1525

1581

1638

60

917

973

1029

1086

1142

1199

1255

1312

1368

1425

1481

1538

1594

1650

66

928

985

1041

1098

1155

1211

1268

1325

1381

1438

1495

1552

1608

1665

72

940

997

1054

1111

1168

1225

1282

1339

1396

1453

1510

1567

1624

1681

78

949

1006

1063

1120

1177

1234

1291

1348

1405

1462

1519

1576

1633

1690

84

958

1015

1072

1129

1186

1244

1301

1358

1415

1472

1529

1587

1644

1701

90

967

1024

1082

1139

1196

1254

1311

1368

1425

1483

1540

1597

1655

1712

96

977

1034

1092

1149

1207

1264

1322

1379

1436

1494

1551

1609

1666

1723

102

987

1045

1102

1160

1217

1275

1333

1390

1448

1505

1563

1620

1678

1736

108

997

1055

1113

1171

1228

1286

1344

1402

1459

1517

1575

1633

1690

1748

114

1008

1066

1124

1182

1240

1298

1356

1413

1471

1529

1587

1645

1703

1761

120

1019

1077

1135

1193

1251

1309

1367

1426

1484

1542

1600

1658

1716

1774

126

1030

1088

1146

1205

1263

1321

1380

1438

1496

1555

1613

1671

1730

1788

132

1041

1100

1158

1217

1275

1334

1392

1451

1509

1568

1626

1685

1743

1802

138

1052

1111

1170

1229

1287

1346

1405

1464

1522

1581

1640

1698

1757

1816

144

1064

1123

1182

1241

1300

1359

1418

1477

1536

1595

1654

1712

1771

1830

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

6
Fill Height Tables are based on:
Class I
Class IV
D-Load (lb/ft/ft) for Type 1 Bedding
1. gs = 120 pcf
Class II
Class V
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
Class III
Special Design
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions
4. A Type 1 installation requires greater soil stiffness from the surrounding soils than the Type 2, 3, and 4 installations, and is thus harder to achieve.
Therefore, field verification of soil properties and compaction levels should be performed.

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

12

1725

1784

1843

1902

1961

2020

2079

2139

2198

2257

2316

2375

2434

2493

15

1679

1736

1793

1851

1908

1965

2023

2080

2138

2195

2252

2310

2367

2424

18

1655

1711

1767

1824

1880

1937

1993

2049

2106

2162

2219

2275

2331

2388

21

1643

1699

1755

1811

1867

1923

1979

2035

2091

2147

2203

2258

2314

2370

24

1641

1696

1752

1808

1863

1919

1975

2030

2086

2142

2197

2253

2309

2365

27

1643

1699

1755

1810

1866

1922

1977

2033

2089

2144

2200

2256

2311

2367

30

1650

1706

1762

1818

1874

1929

1985

2041

2097

2152

2208

2264

2320

2376

33

1661

1717

1773

1829

1885

1941

1997

2053

2109

2165

2221

2277

2333

2389

36

1673

1730

1786

1842

1899

1955

2011

2067

2124

2180

2236

2293

2349

2405

42

1676

1732

1788

1845

1901

1957

2013

2069

2125

2181

2238

2294

2350

2406

48

1683

1740

1796

1852

1908

1964

2020

2077

2133

2189

2245

2301

2357

2414

54

1694

1750

1807

1863

1919

1975

2032

2088

2144

2200

2257

2313

2369

2426

60

1707

1763

1820

1876

1933

1989

2046

2102

2159

2215

2271

2328

2384

2441

66

1722

1778

1835

1892

1948

2005

2062

2119

2175

2232

2289

2345

2402

2459

72

1738

1795

1852

1909

1966

2023

2080

2137

2194

2251

2308

2365

2422

2479

78

1748

1805

1862

1919

1976

2033

2090

2147

2204

2261

2318

2375

2432

2489

84

1758

1815

1872

1929

1987

2044

2101

2158

2215

2272

2330

2387

2444

2501

90

1769

1826

1884

1941

1998

2056

2113

2170

2227

2285

2342

2399

2457

2514

96

1781

1838

1896

1953

2011

2068

2125

2183

2240

2298

2355

2413

2470

2527

102

1793

1851

1908

1966

2024

2081

2139

2196

2254

2311

2369

2427

2484

2542

108

1806

1864

1921

1979

2037

2095

2152

2210

2268

2326

2383

2441

2499

2557

114

1819

1877

1935

1993

2051

2109

2167

2224

2282

2340

2398

2456

2514

2572

120

1832

1891

1949

2007

2065

2123

2181

2239

2297

2355

2414

2472

2530

2588

126

1846

1905

1963

2021

2079

2138

2196

2254

2313

2371

2429

2488

2546

2604

132

1860

1919

1977

2036

2094

2153

2211

2270

2328

2387

2446

2504

2563

2621

138

1875

1933

1992

2051

2110

2168

2227

2286

2345

2403

2462

2521

2579

2638

144

1889

1948

2007

2066

2125

2184

2243

2302

2361

2420

2479

2538

2597

2656

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

7
Fill Height Tables are based on:
Class I
D-Load (lb/ft/ft) for Type 1 Bedding
1. gs = 120 pcf
Class II
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
Class III
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions
4. A Type 1 installation requires greater soil stiffness from the surrounding soils than the Type 2, 3, and 4 installations, and is thus
harder to achieve. Therefore, field verification of soil properties and compaction levels should be performed.

Class IV
Class V
Special Design

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

12

2552

2611

2670

2729

2788

2847

2906

2965

3024

3084

3143

3202

15

2482

2539

2596

2654

2711

2768

2826

2883

2940

2998

3055

3112

18

2444

2501

2557

2614

2670

2726

2783

2839

2896

2952

3008

3065

21

2426

2482

2538

2594

2650

2706

2762

2817

2873

2929

2985

3041

24

2420

2476

2532

2587

2643

2699

2754

2810

2866

2921

2977

3033

27

2423

2478

2534

2590

2645

2701

2757

2812

2868

2924

2979

3035

30

2431

2487

2543

2599

2654

2710

2766

2822

2878

2933

2989

3045

33

2445

2501

2557

2613

2669

2725

2781

2837

2893

2949

3005

3061

36

2462

2518

2574

2631

2687

2743

2799

2856

2912

2968

3025

3081

42

2462

2518

2575

2631

2687

2743

2799

2855

2911

2968

3024

3080

48

2470

2526

2582

2638

2694

2750

2807

2863

2919

2975

3031

3087

54

2482

2538

2594

2651

2707

2763

2819

2876

2932

2988

3044

3101

60

2497

2554

2610

2667

2723

2780

2836

2892

2949

3005

3062

3118

66

2515

2572

2629

2686

2742

2799

2856

2912

2969

3026

3082

3139

72

2536

2593

2650

2707

2764

2821

2878

2935

2992

3049

3106

3163

78

2546

2603

2661

2718

2775

2832

2889

2946

3003

3060

3117

3174

84

2558

2615

2673

2730

2787

2844

2901

2958

3016

3073

3130

3187

90

2571

2628

2686

2743

2800

2858

2915

2972

3030

3087

3144

3201

96

2585

2642

2700

2757

2815

2872

2929

2987

3044

3102

3159

3217

102

2599

2657

2715

2772

2830

2887

2945

3002

3060

3118

3175

3233

108

2614

2672

2730

2788

2845

2903

2961

3019

3076

3134

3192

3250

114

2630

2688

2746

2804

2862

2920

2978

3035

3093

3151

3209

3267

120

2646

2704

2762

2820

2879

2937

2995

3053

3111

3169

3227

3285

126

2663

2721

2779

2838

2896

2954

3013

3071

3129

3187

3246

3304

132

2680

2738

2797

2855

2914

2972

3031

3089

3148

3206

3265

3323

138

2697

2756

2814

2873

2932

2991

3049

3108

3167

3226

3284

3343

144

2715

2774

2833

2892

2950

3009

3068

3127

3186

3245

3304

3363

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

8
Fill Height Tables are based on:
D-Load (lb/ft/ft)
1. gs = 120 pcf
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions

Class I
Class II
Class III

for Type 2 Bedding

Class IV
Class V
Special Design

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

10

11

12

13

14

12

1492

1322

880

727

694

705

741

788

704

781

858

934

1011

1087

15

1434

1272

851

707

676

688

724

771

691

843

841

915

990

1065

18

1358

1240

834

697

668

680

717

763

688

837

835

909

983

1056

21

1220

1218

824

692

665

678

715

762

689

839

836

909

983

1056

24

1202

1203

818

690

665

680

717

764

694

844

841

915

988

1062

27

1151

1162

796

679

657

675

714

762

696

846

842

915

989

1062

1471

1213

823

701

674

690

727

773

699

850

845

919

992

1065

33

1347

1168

805

693

669

688

727

773

704

855

850

923

996

1069

36

1244

1137

789

687

665

687

728

775

710

861

856

929

1003

1076

42

1084

1059

759

673

659

685

726

773

715

867

861

933

1006

1079

48

966

935

732

663

655

684

726

774

722

874

867

940

1013

1085

54

923

899

712

655

654

685

728

777

731

884

876

948

1021

1094

60

948

875

696

650

654

688

731

781

740

894

885

958

1031

1103

66

906

855

687

646

655

691

736

787

750

906

896

969

1041

1114

30

72

850

837

679

643

658

696

741

793

761

918

907

980

1053

1126

78

802

820

672

642

660

697

744

796

768

925

913

986

1059

1131

84

763

805

665

641

661

700

747

799

775

932

920

993

1065

1138

90

730

791

660

641

664

703

750

803

863

940

927

999

1072

1144

96

703

756

655

642

666

706

754

807

867

948

934

1006

1078

1151

102

679

734

662

649

674

714

761

814

875

1019

941

1013

1086

1158

108

660

723

668

657

681

721

769

822

882

1027

949

1021

1093

1165

114

643

729

675

665

689

729

776

830

890

1036

1016

1028

1100

1172

120

629

734

682

670

697

737

784

837

898

1044

1024

1036

1108

1180

126

617

740

689

678

705

744

792

845

905

1053

1032

1097

1115

1187

132

607

745

691

686

712

752

800

853

913

1061

1039

1105

1171

1195

138

599

751

686

694

720

760

808

861

921

1070

1047

1112

1178

1203

144

592

757

692

701

728

768

816

869

929

1079

1055

1120

1186

1253

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

9
Fill Height Tables are based on:
D-Load (lb/ft/ft)
1. gs = 120 pcf
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions

Class I
Class II
Class III

for Type 2 Bedding

Class IV
Class V
Special Design

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)
12

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

1164

1240

1317

1393

1470

1547

1623

1700

1776

1853

1929

2006

2083

2159

15

1139

1214

1289

1363

1438

1513

1587

1662

1737

1811

1886

1961

2035

2110

18

1130

1204

1278

1351

1425

1499

1573

1647

1720

1794

1868

1942

2015

2089

21

1130

1203

1277

1350

1424

1497

1570

1644

1717

1791

1864

1938

2011

2085

24

1135

1209

1282

1356

1429

1503

1576

1650

1723

1797

1870

1944

2017

2091

27

1135

1208

1282

1355

1428

1501

1574

1648

1721

1794

1867

1940

2014

2087

30

1138

1211

1284

1357

1430

1503

1576

1649

1722

1796

1869

1942

2015

2088

33

1143

1216

1289

1362

1435

1508

1581

1654

1727

1800

1874

1947

2020

2093

36

1149

1222

1295

1369

1442

1515

1588

1662

1735

1808

1881

1954

2028

2101

42

1152

1225

1298

1370

1443

1516

1589

1662

1735

1807

1880

1953

2026

2099

48

1158

1231

1303

1376

1449

1521

1594

1667

1739

1812

1885

1957

2030

2102

54

1166

1239

1311

1384

1457

1529

1602

1674

1747

1820

1892

1965

2037

2110

60

1176

1249

1321

1394

1467

1539

1612

1684

1757

1830

1902

1975

2048

2120

66

1187

1260

1332

1405

1478

1551

1623

1696

1769

1842

1914

1987

2060

2133

72

1199

1272

1345

1418

1490

1563

1636

1709

1782

1855

1928

2001

2074

2147

78

1204

1277

1350

1422

1495

1568

1640

1713

1786

1858

1931

2004

2076

2149

84

1210

1283

1355

1428

1500

1573

1645

1718

1790

1863

1935

2008

2080

2153

90

1216

1289

1361

1433

1506

1578

1650

1723

1795

1867

1940

2012

2084

2157

96

1223

1295

1367

1439

1512

1584

1656

1728

1800

1873

1945

2017

2089

2161

102

1230

1302

1374

1446

1518

1590

1662

1734

1806

1878

1950

2022

2094

2166

108

1237

1309

1381

1453

1524

1596

1668

1740

1812

1884

1956

2028

2100

2172

114

1244

1316

1388

1459

1531

1603

1675

1747

1819

1890

1962

2034

2106

2178

120

1251

1323

1395

1467

1538

1610

1682

1754

1825

1897

1969

2041

2112

2184

126

1259

1330

1402

1474

1545

1617

1689

1760

1832

1904

1975

2047

2119

2190

132

1266

1338

1410

1481

1553

1624

1696

1768

1839

1911

1982

2054

2125

2197

138

1274

1346

1417

1489

1560

1632

1703

1775

1846

1918

1989

2061

2132

2204

144

1282

1353

1425

1496

1568

1639

1711

1782

1854

1925

1996

2068

2139

2211

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

10
Fill Height Tables are based on:
D-Load (lb/ft/ft)
1. gs = 120 pcf
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions

Class I
Class II
Class III

for Type 2 Bedding

Class IV
Class V
Special Design

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

12

2236

2312

2389

2465

2542

2618

2695

2772

2848

2925

3001

3078

3154

3231

15

2185

2259

2334

2409

2483

2558

2633

2707

2782

2857

2931

3006

3081

3155

18

2163

2237

2310

2384

2458

2532

2605

2679

2753

2827

2900

2974

3048

3122

21

2158

2231

2305

2378

2452

2525

2599

2672

2745

2819

2892

2966

3039

3113

24

2164

2238

2311

2385

2458

2532

2605

2679

2752

2826

2899

2973

3046

3120

27

2160

2233

2306

2380

2453

2526

2599

2672

2746

2819

2892

2965

3038

3112

30

2161

2234

2307

2380

2453

2526

2599

2673

2746

2819

2892

2965

3038

3111

33

2166

2239

2312

2385

2458

2531

2605

2678

2751

2824

2897

2970

3043

3116

36

2174

2247

2320

2394

2467

2540

2613

2687

2760

2833

2906

2979

3053

3126

42

2172

2244

2317

2390

2463

2536

2609

2681

2754

2827

2900

2973

3046

3118

48

2175

2248

2320

2393

2466

2538

2611

2684

2756

2829

2902

2974

3047

3119

54

2183

2255

2328

2400

2473

2546

2618

2691

2763

2836

2908

2981

3054

3126

60

2193

2266

2338

2411

2483

2556

2629

2701

2774

2847

2919

2992

3065

3137

66

2205

2278

2351

2424

2496

2569

2642

2715

2787

2860

2933

3006

3078

3151

72

2220

2293

2365

2438

2511

2584

2657

2730

2803

2876

2949

3022

3095

3168

78

2222

2295

2367

2440

2513

2585

2658

2731

2803

2876

2949

3021

3094

3167

84

2225

2298

2370

2443

2515

2588

2660

2733

2805

2878

2950

3023

3095

3168

90

2229

2301

2374

2446

2518

2591

2663

2735

2808

2880

2952

3025

3097

3169

96

2233

2306

2378

2450

2522

2594

2667

2739

2811

2883

2955

3028

3100

3172

102

2238

2311

2383

2455

2527

2599

2671

2743

2815

2887

2959

3031

3103

3175

108

2244

2316

2388

2460

2532

2604

2676

2748

2819

2891

2963

3035

3107

3179

114

2250

2322

2393

2465

2537

2609

2681

2753

2824

2896

2968

3040

3112

3184

120

2256

2328

2399

2471

2543

2615

2686

2758

2830

2902

2973

3045

3117

3189

126

2262

2334

2405

2477

2549

2620

2692

2764

2835

2907

2979

3050

3122

3194

132

2269

2340

2412

2483

2555

2627

2698

2770

2841

2913

2985

3056

3128

3199

138

2275

2347

2418

2490

2562

2633

2705

2776

2848

2919

2991

3062

3134

3205

144

2282

2354

2425

2497

2568

2640

2711

2783

2854

2925

2997

3068

3140

3211

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

11
Fill Height Tables are based on:
D-Load (lb/ft/ft)
1. gs = 120 pcf
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions

Class I
Class II
Class III

for Type 3 Bedding

Class IV
Class V
Special Design

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

10

11

12

13

14

12

1518

1369

947

817

805

838

896

964

902

1000

1098

1196

1294

1392

15

1459

1318

916

794

783

815

872

939

880

975

1070

1165

1260

1355

18

1384

1285

897

781

772

804

860

926

870

963

1057

1150

1243

1337

21

1247

1263

886

775

767

799

855

921

867

959

1051

1144

1236

1329

24

1229

1248

879

772

765

798

854

920

868

960

1051

1143

1235

1327

27

1179

1209

858

763

759

795

853

919

872

963

1055

1147

1238

1330

30

1500

1260

887

786

777

812

868

933

878

970

1061

1153

1245

1337

33

1378

1218

871

780

775

813

871

936

886

978

1070

1162

1254

1345

36

1276

1189

857

776

774

815

875

941

895

987

1079

1172

1264

1356

42

1119

1113

829

765

770

815

875

942

903

995

1087

1179

1271

1363

48

1004

992

808

758

770

817

879

946

913

1005

1097

1189

1281

1373

54

963

958

791

753

771

822

884

953

926

1018

1109

1201

1293

1385

60

991

937

778

751

775

828

891

961

939

1031

1123

1216

1308

1400

66

952

920

772

751

779

835

900

970

954

1046

1138

1231

1323

1416

72

898

905

768

751

786

843

909

981

969

1062

1154

1247

1340

1433

78

853

890

762

752

790

847

913

985

977

1070

1162

1255

1348

1440

84

816

878

758

754

794

852

918

991

986

1079

1171

1263

1355

1448

90

786

866

755

756

798

857

924

996

1076

1088

1180

1272

1364

1456

96

760

833

753

759

803

862

930

1003

1083

1097

1189

1281

1373

1464

102

739

814

761

769

813

872

939

1012

1092

1174

1198

1290

1382

1473

108

722

805

770

778

822

882

949

1022

1102

1184

1208

1299

1391

1482

114

708

813

779

788

832

892

959

1032

1112

1194

1277

1309

1400

1492

120

696

821

788

796

842

902

969

1042

1121

1203

1287

1319

1410

1501

126

687

829

798

806

852

912

979

1052

1131

1213

1297

1382

1420

1511

132

679

837

802

816

863

922

989

1062

1141

1223

1307

1391

1477

1521

138

673

845

800

826

873

932

999

1072

1152

1233

1317

1401

1487

1531

144

669

853

808

837

883

943

1010

1082

1162

1244

1327

1411

1497

1583

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

12
Fill Height Tables are based on:
D-Load (lb/ft/ft)
1. gs = 120 pcf
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions

Class I
Class II
Class III

for Type 3 Bedding

Class IV
Class V
Special Design

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

12

1490

1588

1686

1784

1882

1980

2078

2176

2274

2372

2470

2568

2666

2764

15

1450

1545

1640

1735

1830

1925

2020

2115

2210

2305

2401

2496

2591

2686

18

1430

1523

1617

1710

1803

1897

1990

2083

2177

2270

2363

2457

2550

2643

21

1421

1513

1606

1698

1790

1883

1975

2068

2160

2252

2345

2437

2529

2622

24

1419

1511

1603

1695

1786

1878

1970

2062

2154

2246

2338

2430

2521

2613

27

1422

1514

1605

1697

1789

1880

1972

2064

2155

2247

2339

2431

2522

2614

30

1428

1520

1612

1704

1795

1887

1979

2071

2162

2254

2346

2437

2529

2621

33

1437

1529

1621

1713

1805

1897

1989

2081

2173

2265

2357

2449

2541

2633

36

1449

1541

1633

1726

1818

1910

2003

2095

2187

2280

2372

2464

2557

2649

42

1455

1547

1639

1731

1823

1915

2007

2098

2190

2282

2374

2466

2558

2650

48

1465

1556

1648

1740

1832

1924

2016

2108

2200

2291

2383

2475

2567

2659

54

1477

1569

1661

1753

1845

1937

2029

2121

2213

2305

2397

2489

2581

2673

60

1492

1584

1676

1768

1861

1953

2045

2137

2229

2321

2413

2506

2598

2690

66

1508

1601

1693

1786

1878

1970

2063

2155

2248

2340

2433

2525

2617

2710

72

1526

1619

1711

1804

1897

1990

2083

2175

2268

2361

2454

2547

2639

2732

78

1533

1625

1718

1810

1903

1995

2088

2180

2273

2365

2458

2550

2643

2735

84

1540

1632

1725

1817

1909

2001

2094

2186

2278

2370

2463

2555

2647

2740

90

1548

1640

1732

1824

1916

2008

2100

2192

2284

2377

2469

2561

2653

2745

96

1556

1648

1740

1832

1924

2016

2108

2199

2291

2383

2475

2567

2659

2751

102

1565

1657

1748

1840

1932

2024

2115

2207

2299

2390

2482

2574

2666

2757

108

1574

1666

1757

1849

1940

2032

2123

2215

2307

2398

2490

2581

2673

2764

114

1583

1675

1766

1857

1949

2040

2132

2223

2315

2406

2498

2589

2680

2772

120

1593

1684

1775

1866

1958

2049

2140

2232

2323

2414

2506

2597

2688

2780

126

1602

1693

1785

1876

1967

2058

2149

2241

2332

2423

2514

2605

2697

2788

132

1612

1703

1794

1885

1976

2067

2158

2250

2341

2432

2523

2614

2705

2796

138

1622

1713

1804

1895

1986

2077

2168

2259

2350

2441

2532

2623

2714

2805

144

1632

1722

1813

1904

1995

2086

2177

2268

2359

2450

2541

2632

2723

2814

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

13
Fill Height Tables are based on:
D-Load (lb/ft/ft)
1. gs = 120 pcf
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions

for Type 3 Bedding

Class I
Class II
Class III

Class IV
Class V
Special Design

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

12

2862

2960

15

2781

2876

3058

3156

3254

3352

3450

2971

3066

3161

3256

3351

18

2737

2830

2923

3017

3110

3203

3297

21

2714

2807

2899

2991

3084

3176

3268

24

2705

2797

2889

2981

3073

3165

3256

27

2706

2797

2889

2981

3072

3164

3256

30

2713

2804

2896

2988

3080

3171

3263

33

2725

2817

2909

3001

3093

3185

3277

36

2741

2833

2926

3018

3110

3203

3295

42

2742

2834

2926

3018

3110

3202

3294

48

2751

2843

2935

3026

3118

3210

3302

54

2765

2857

2948

3040

3132

3224

3316

60

2782

2874

2966

3058

3151

3243

3335

66

2802

2895

2987

3080

3172

3265

3357

72

2825

2918

3011

3103

3196

3289

3382

78

2828

2920

3013

3105

3198

3290

3383

84

2832

2924

3016

3109

3201

3293

3385

90

2837

2929

3021

3113

3205

3297

3389

96

2843

2934

3026

3118

3210

3302

3394

102

2849

2941

3032

3124

3216

3308

3399

108

2856

2947

3039

3131

3222

3314

3405

114

2863

2955

3046

3138

3229

3320

3412

120

2871

2962

3054

3145

3236

3328

3419

126

2879

2970

3061

3153

3244

3335

3426

132

2887

2979

3070

3161

3252

3343

3434

138

2896

2987

3078

3169

3260

3351

3442

144

2905

2996

3087

3178

3269

3360

3450

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

14
Fill Height Tables are based on:
D-Load (lb/ft/ft)
1. gs = 120 pcf
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions

Class I
Class II
Class III

for Type 4 Bedding

Class IV
Class V
Special Design

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

10

11

12

13

14

12

1579

1481

1111

1032

1071

1154

1264

1383

1372

1521

1671

1820

1969

2119

15

1519

1426

1073

998

1036

1116

1221

1336

1326

1616

1612

1756

1899

2042

18

1443

1391

1050

978

1015

1093

1195

1307

1297

1580

1576

1715

1854

1994

21

1306

1366

1035

966

1002

1079

1179

1288

1279

1557

1552

1688

1825

1961

24

1288

1349

1025

959

994

1070

1168

1276

1267

1541

1535

1670

1804

1938

27

1238

1309

1002

945

982

1060

1158

1265

1259

1531

1524

1657

1790

1922

30

1560

1360

1029

965

995

1070

1166

1270

1254

1524

1517

1648

1780

1911

33

1437

1316

1010

955

988

1064

1160

1264

1252

1520

1512

1642

1773

1903

36

1336

1285

993

947

982

1060

1157

1260

1251

1518

1509

1639

1768

1898

42

1181

1211

966

935

976

1057

1153

1256

1252

1518

1508

1636

1764

1892

48

1068

1090

941

927

973

1056

1152

1255

1257

1522

1511

1638

1765

1892

54

1029

1058

925

921

973

1058

1154

1257

1264

1529

1516

1642

1768

1894

60

1059

1038

912

918

975

1062

1158

1261

1273

1538

1523

1649

1774

1899

66

1021

1022

906

917

978

1066

1163

1266

1282

1548

1532

1657

1781

1906

72

969

1008

902

917

984

1072

1169

1272

1292

1559

1541

1666

1790

1914

78

927

996

899

920

990

1079

1176

1280

1303

1570

1551

1675

1799

1923

84

893

986

898

925

997

1086

1184

1288

1315

1582

1562

1686

1810

1933

90

866

978

898

931

1004

1094

1192

1296

1408

1595

1574

1697

1820

1944

96

844

948

899

936

1012

1102

1201

1305

1417

1608

1585

1708

1831

1955

102

826

932

911

949

1024

1115

1214

1318

1429

1685

1597

1720

1843

1966

108

812

927

923

962

1037

1128

1226

1330

1441

1698

1609

1732

1855

1978

114

801

938

935

975

1050

1141

1239

1343

1454

1712

1682

1745

1867

1990

120

793

949

947

986

1063

1154

1252

1356

1467

1726

1694

1757

1879

2002

126

786

960

959

999

1076

1167

1265

1369

1480

1740

1707

1823

1892

2014

132

782

971

967

1013

1090

1180

1278

1382

1493

1754

1720

1836

1952

2027

138

779

982

968

1026

1103

1194

1292

1395

1506

1769

1733

1848

1965

2040

144

778

994

980

1039

1116

1207

1305

1409

1519

1783

1746

1861

1978

2095

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

15
Fill Height Tables are based on:
D-Load (lb/ft/ft)
1. gs = 120 pcf
2. AASHTO HL-93 live load
3. Positive Projecting Embankment Condition this gives conservative results in comparison to trench conditions

Class I
Class II
Class III

for Type 4 Bedding

Class IV
Class V
Special Design

Fill Height in Feet

Pipe Size (in)

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

12

2268

2417

2566

2716

2865

3014

3163

3313

3462

3611

3760

15

2185

2329

2472

2615

2759

2902

3045

3189

3332

3475

3618

18

2133

2272

2412

2551

2690

2830

2969

3108

3247

3387

3526

21

2098

2234

2370

2507

2643

2780

2916

3053

3189

3326

3462

24

2073

2207

2341

2476

2610

2744

2879

3013

3147

3282

3416

27

2055

2188

2320

2453

2586

2718

2851

2984

3116

3249

3382

30

2042

2174

2305

2436

2568

2699

2830

2962

3093

3225

3356

33

2033

2164

2294

2424

2554

2685

2815

2945

3075

3206

3336

36

2027

2156

2286

2415

2544

2674

2803

2932

3062

3191

3321

42

2020

2148

2276

2404

2532

2660

2788

2916

3044

3171

3299

48

2018

2145

2272

2399

2526

2653

2780

2907

3033

3160

3287

54

2020

2146

2273

2399

2525

2651

2777

2903

3029

3155

3281

60

2025

2150

2276

2401

2526

2652

2777

2903

3028

3153

3279

66

2031

2156

2281

2406

2531

2655

2780

2905

3030

3155

3280

72

2039

2163

2288

2412

2536

2661

2785

2909

3034

3158

3283

78

2047

2171

2295

2419

2543

2667

2791

2915

3039

3163

3287

84

2057

2181

2304

2428

2552

2675

2799

2923

3046

3170

3294

90

2067

2190

2314

2437

2561

2684

2807

2931

3054

3178

3301

96

2078

2201

2324

2447

2570

2693

2817

2940

3063

3186

3309

102

2089

2212

2335

2458

2581

2704

2826

2949

3072

3195

3318

108

2100

2223

2346

2469

2591

2714

2837

2959

3082

3205

3328

114

2112

2235

2357

2480

2602

2725

2848

2970

3093

3215

3338

120

2124

2247

2369

2491

2614

2736

2859

2981

3103

3226

3348

126

2137

2259

2381

2503

2626

2748

2870

2992

3115

3237

3359

132

2149

2271

2393

2515

2638

2760

2882

3004

3126

3248

3370

138

2162

2284

2406

2528

2650

2772

2894

3016

3138

3260

3382

144

2174

2296

2418

2540

2662

2784

2906

3028

3150

3272

3393

2013 American Concrete Pipe Association, all rights reserved.

Resource # 16-201 (Revised 08/13)

16
The preceding fill height tables are based on a concrete pipe installed
in a positive projecting embankment installation with a soil unit weight
of 120 lbs/ft3 and HL-93 live load per the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
specifications at the surface. Pipe outside diameters were based on a wall C
thickness since the larger outside diameters would represent the highest soil
overburden load on the pipe. The required classes of pipe do not account
for construction loads or any other load induced on the pipe prior to its
completed installation, or live load in excess of HL-93.
Dimensions of Circular Concrete Pipe - Metric Units

Wall B

Wall C

Designated Actual Minimum Average Minimum Average

Internal
Internal Wall Weight Wall Weight

Diameter Diameter
Thickness kg/m Thickness kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm

300
305
50
162
69
197

375 381 57 216 75 262

450 457 63 253 82 335
525
533
69
327
88
417
600
610
75
430
94
505

675 686 82 500
100 602
750
762
88
598
107
708

825 838 94 695
113 821
900
914
100
832
119
940
975
991
113
923
125
1090
1050
1067
117
1057
132
1207
1200
1219
125
1324
144
1504

1350 1372 138 1589 157 1829

1500 1524 150 1927 169 2192
1650
1676
163
2295
182
2582
1800
1829
175
2695
194
2998
1950
1981
188
3125
207
3457
2100
2134
200
3585
219
3943

2250 2286 213 4078 232 4460

2400 2438 225 4598 244 5009

2550 2591 238 5179 257 5595
2700
2743
250
5752
269
6202

3000 3048 279 6344 298 7521
3600
3658
330
8104
349 10,540

Dimensions of Circular Concrete Pipe - Imperial Units

Wall A

Wall B

Wall C

Minimum Average Minimum Average Minimum Average

Internal Wall Weight Wall Weight Wall Weight

Diameter Thickness pounds Thickness pounds Thickness pounds
inches
inches
per foot
inches
per foot
inches
per foot

12 1-3/4
79 2
93 2-3/4
133
15 1-7/8 103 2-1/4 127 3
177
18 2
131 2-1/2 168 3-1/4
226
21 2-1/4 171 2-3/4 214 3-1/2
281
24 2-1/2 217 3
264 3-3/4
341
27 2-5/8 255 3-1/4 322 4
406
30 2-3/4 295 3-1/2 384 4-1/4
476
33 2-7/8 336 3-3/4 451 4-1/2
552
36 3
383 4
524 4-3/4
633
42 3-1/2 520 4-1/2 686 5-1/4
811
48 4
683 5
867 5-3/4
1011
54 4-1/2 864 5-1/2 1068 6-1/4 1232
60 5
1064 6
1295 6-3/4 1473
66 5-1/2 1287 6-1/2 1542 7-1/4
1735
72 6
1532 7
1811 7-3/4 2023
78 6-1/2 1797 7-1/2 2100 8-1/4 2329
84 7
2085 8
2409 8-3/4 2656
90 7-1/2 2395 8-1/2 2740 9-1/4 3004
96 8
2710 9
3090 9-3/4 3374

102 8-1/2 3078 9-1/2 3480 10-1/4 3765

108 9
3446 10
3865 10-3/4 4178

114 9-1/2 3840 10-1/2 4278 11-1/4 4611

120 10
4263 11
4716 11-3/4 5066

126 10-1/2 4690 11-1/2 5175 12-1/4 5542

132 11
5148 12
5655 12-3/4 6040

138 11-1/2 5627 12-1/2 6156 13-1/4 6558

144 12
6126 13
6679 13-3/4 7098

150 12-1/2 6647 13-1/2 7223 14-1/4 7659

156 13
7190 14
7789 14-3/4 8242

162 13-1/2 7754 14-1/2 8375 15-1/4 8846

168 14
8339 15
8983 15-3/4 9471

174 14-1/2 8945 15-1/2 9612 16-1/4 10,117

180 15
9572 16 10,263 16-3/4 10,785

E-mail: [email protected]
www.concrete-pipe.org
Resource # 16-201 (10/13)