YOUTH DEVELOPMENT -

POLICY TO PRACTICE



involving fresh outlooks and new ideas



A GUIDE FOR
LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN
SOUTH AUSTRALIA


September 2005








































An initiative of the Local
Government Youth Services
Forum supported by the
Local Government
Association of South
Australia,
the
Government of South
Australia through the Office
for Youth,
and the Youth Affairs
Council of South Australia






Funding provided by the
Government of South Australia
through the Office for Youth
Funding provided by the
Local Government
Research and
Development Scheme

Project assistance by the
Youth Affairs Council of
South Australia
Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Prepared by Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates




PREFACE


This Guide has been developed to assist Local Government Councils in South Australia to
further understand and cater for the specific needs of young people in their local
communities.

Over the past few decades, Local Governments role in youth affairs has been impacted
upon by a range of factors. Firstly, there is the historic shift in focus of Local Government
from roads and rubbish to encompass community services. Secondly, structural and
legislative reforms have required enhanced approaches to strategic planning, and more
accountable forms of governance. Thirdly, young people are an inherent part of a
dynamic changing culture, which sometimes poses challenges for Local Government in an
environment of changing Government policies and service delivery practices.

What Councils do has a direct effect on young people and likewise young people and their
activities and interests impact on the community in which they live, study and work.
Emerging trends suggest that Local Government is increasingly focusing on involving
young people in decision making processes, and organizing and supporting existing
community groups and programs in their role in youth affairs.

Through encouragement, support and involvement young people are able to contribute in
a positive way to the social, economic and cultural life of the community.

Defining a role in youth affairs does not mean that Councils will have to take on a
whole new set of responsibilities. It is more about building youth needs and issues
into existing strategic planning and funding priorities, and ensuring young people
are listened to, heard and responded to as part of everyday Council business.

It is acknowledged that many Councils in South Australia have shown leadership in the
area of youth affairs through the development of Youth Policy and comprehensive Youth
Plans. This Guide builds on these efforts and offers examples and models for other
Councils to progress down this path.

Across the State young people, Council staff, Elected Members, and youth service
providers from the Government and non-Government sectors have committed their time
and energy at consultation events to informing the development of this Guide. A range of
good practice examples have also been highlighted through that process, which are
showcased in Part 2 of this publication.

Sincere thanks is extended to all those who have participated for their valuable and
welcome contributions.








Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Prepared by Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates


CONTENTS

Welcome!


PART 1 THE GUIDE


1. Why Develop a Youth Policy? 1

2. How Do Councils Approach Youth Policy Development 1
2.1 Youth Advisory Committees 2

3. Getting Started A Five Step Plan 2

4. Applying the Five Step Plan 4

Step 1: Research and Data collection 4

Step 2: Communication and Consultation 4
What Councils Do? 5
Recognising diversity and reaching the quiet voices 6
What young people told us 7

Step 3: Draft Youth Policy and Plan 8

Step 4: Council Endorsement 11

Step 5: Implementation 11

5. Moving Towards Good Practice in Youth Development 13
5.1 What young people say good practice looks like 13
5.2 Enhancing Youth Development practice 14
5.3 Youth friendly Good Practice Checklist 14
5.4 Bringing Council Members and Staff along
through the process 15

6. Further Resources 16

7. Acknowledgements 16

Appendices
Appendix A: References and Examples
of Youth Policies and Plans 17
Appendix B: Translating Words into Actions 19
Appendix C: LGA Draft Youth Policy, July 2005 20
Appendix D: Youth Policy Key Principles 21

Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Prepared by Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates



PART 2 - GOOD PRACTICE EXAMPLES


Communicating with Young People

City of West Torrens QP Youth Quarterly Newspaper 2.1
Adelaide City Council Spinach Web Site 2.2

Young People Influencing Decision Making

City of Whyalla Skate Park Project 2.3
Renmark Paringa Council Youth Support Committees 2.4

Responsiveness and Flexibility

City of Playford Youth Employment Project 2.5
City of Port Adelaide Drop in Program at LeFevre Community Centre 2.6
Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council The Domain 2.7

Valuing Young Peoples Contribution to Community Life

District Council of Grant Statement of Commitment to Young People 2.8
District Council of Orroroo Carrieton Supporting young volunteers 2.9

Fostering Artistic and Cultural Expression

City of West Torrens Community Mural Program 2.10
City of Salisbury Blue Cat Caf 2.11
The Coorong District Council Event at Camp Coorong 2.12

Collaborative Approaches and Partnerships

Onkaparinga Youth Development Model 2.13
City of Charles Sturt One Stop Shop: Information and assistance 2.14


Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Prepared by Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates
Welcome!
Over the past three decades, Local Government has emerged as an important local and
regional area planner and taken on the role of catalyst, facilitator, advocate, and direct
provider of community services. More recently, during the 1990s, urban planning policies
brought to focus social issues related to housing diversity, community safety and social
infrastructure, and enhancing access to services and facilities. These processes also
highlighted the specific needs of certain groups of people in our community, for example,
people who are growing older, people with a disability, people from diverse cultural
backgrounds, and young people.

The important role that Local Government plays in social development is now enshrined in
legislation. The roles, functions and objectives of Councils are set out in the Local
Government Act 1999 (SA) within which Councils operate. The role of Councils (Section
6) include:
to provide services and facilities and in a socially just and ecologically
sustainable manner;
to encourage and develop initiatives for improving the quality of life of the
community; and
to represent the interests of the community to the wider community.

The objectives of Councils (Section 8) include:
to participate with other Councils and spheres of Government in policy and
planning;
to ensure a proper balance within its community between economic, social,
environmental and cultural considerations;
to ensure equitable access to services, facilities and programs.

There is also a requirement for Councils to prepare and adopt a strategic approach to
achieve the objectives, as above (Section 122). To meet these requirements social
planning needs to be part of Councils overall strategic plans to ensure a planned
approach to addressing local social issues, integration and co-ordination of services, and
the most effective and efficient use of valuable community resources.

Councils Taking a Leadership Role

It is acknowledged that many Councils in South Australia have shown leadership in the
area of youth affairs through the development of Youth Policy and comprehensive Youth
Plans. Some of these good practice examples are showcased in Part 2 of this publication.
In those cases, the material in this Guide will be familiar because it describes much of the
planning and activities currently undertaken. Nevertheless, it might provide some useful
reminders, as well as ideas to help improve upon what is already being done.

In other Councils, officers with specialist knowledge in other disciplines undertake, what is
for them a new responsibility that of Youth Policy development. In these cases, the
Guide can be used to steer through the process of developing a Youth Policy that is
integrated across the Council organisation and the Strategic Plan.

The development of Youth Policy forms part of and is integrated with Councils overall
social planning process. The following publication is therefore recommended as a
companion resource to this Guide.

Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Prepared by Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates

A Guide to Social Planning for Local Government in South Australia - (Gould,
Heylen, and Carnegie, 2002). This publication is available via www.lga.sa.gov.au

It is also to be noted that it is only when youth issues are identified, prioritised, and
addressed through initiatives in Councils strategic plan (with equitable allocation
of resources) that policy moves to practice. Central to this process is the effective
engagement of young people in the process, and facilitation of young peoples
active contribution and participation through consultative and decision making
processes.

But before we start, lets clarify the terms used in this Guide.

Youth and young people are those aged between 12 and 25 years.
1


A Youth Policy is a statement of Councils attitudes, values and aspirations relating to
young people in the Council area. The policy is the underlying philosophical foundation
for youth development in the Council area.

A strategic plan, referred to in this Guide as a Youth Plan, sets out strategies to
address priority needs in accordance with the Youth Policy. A Youth Plan falls under
the umbrella of social development, defined as improving quality of life through
achieving short-term and long term outcomes in a coordinated and holistic way.

Youth development as a subset of social development focuses on social issues
facing young people, such as ensuring access to support, services and life
opportunities, informing decisions which affect their lives, and creating an environment
where young peoples contributions are recognised, valued and encouraged.

The steps to be taken to respond to the priority issues are further developed through
an Action Plan or Implementation Plan. That is, who is responsible for doing what, by
when, and what resources will be allocated?

The definitions adopted and the Youth Policy framework is of course a matter for
individual Councils to decide upon.

A Youth Policy may be part of Councils policy statements in its Strategic or Social
Plan, or the subject of a separate Youth Policy.

Strategic responses may be identified within the framework of Councils Strategic Plan
Goals or be articulated in a separate Youth Plan.

Clearly, what ever the situation, the form of the Youth Policy will need to be consistent
with Council standards and guidelines for planning documents.

This Guide assumes a separate Youth Policy and Plan will be prepared.

1
Refer to Young People in South Australia ABS Data at www.lga.sa.gov.au for distribution of
youth population in South Australia by Local Government Council areas.
Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates
1


1. WHY DEVELOP A YOUTH POLICY?

Developing a Youth Policy is a visible way for Councils to recognise the important part
young people play in the community and the unique contributions they make to community
life.

A Youth Policy puts young people on Councils agenda and provides a reference point for
assessing and responding to the needs of young people in Council decision making and
planning processes. It also promotes working with young people effectively, developing
good relationships, encouraging and supporting involvement of young people, and
celebrating their achievements.

In the 2004 Youth Survey of Councils the following benefits of developing a Youth Policy
were identified.

Increased awareness of Council and staff of the value and importance of including
young people in Council decisions that impact on their lives
A clearly articulated commitment by Council, agreed with and visible to young people,
and an Action Plan to do things that respond to the issues they raise
Consultation not only engaged local young people to help work out responses but also
identified opportunities for enhanced collaboration and partnerships.
Resources are more effectively targeted to where there is the greatest priority need
The participatory process and increased awareness empowered young people to
make decisions about what they wanted, and fostered a sense of worth and belonging
in their local community
Information is being used as a lobbying tool, and to improve co-ordination between
Council functions and with Government and non-government agencies externally


2. COUNCILS APPROACH TO YOUTH POLICY, PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

Each Councils approach to youth policy, planning and development will depend on their
individual circumstances, in particular
the geographic size and population of the Council area
the available resources and Councils priorities (informed by community views)
Councils service delivery orientation and the role it intends to take in relation to youth
the extent of Councils strategic approach to collaboration with other agencies.

Youth development initiatives might be documented in a separate Youth Policy and Plan,
or included in Councils overall Strategic Plan.

In either case, an integrated approach to planning (across Council functions and with
relevant external agencies) is central to the efficiency and effectiveness of Councils
efforts in enhancing the quality of life for their young people.

The findings of the 2004 Youth Survey shows staffing responsibility for youth policy and
planning also varies from Council to Council. Councils either employ social or community
planners, and/or youth development staff in full time or part-time positions, or recognise
these roles in other position descriptions. The level of resources and extent of skills,
experience, and professional expertise in youth development therefore varies
considerably across all Local Government in South Australia.

Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates
2

2.1 Youth Advisory Committees

The Government of South Australia, through the Office for Youth, provides grant funding
to support Councils to create and strengthen Youth Advisory Committees and most
Councils in South Australia have taken up this initiative in support Youth Advisory
Committees in various ways.

A Youth Advisory Committee (YAC) is a group of young people (12-25 years of age) who
consult with other local young people, discuss local youth issues, and provide information
and advice to their local Council, service delivery agencies and youth networks. Through
this engagement, their views can be taken into account in decision-making processes.

The most effective YACs are likely to be those where the membership reflects the
diversity in the local community, and where encouragement and support is provided to;
engage and maintain membership of culturally diverse participants; and
match activities to themes where there is greater interest, for example cultural festivals
such as NAIDOC events and Harmony Day.


3. GETTING STARTED - A FIVE STEP PLAN

The following issues will need to be considered prior to starting work on the Youth Policy.

Following Council endorsement to prepare a Youth Policy and Plan, the first steps are
o to identify the approach to Youth Policy development and documentation in
accordance with Councils protocols,
o to confirm the level of commitment of Council resources,
o to establish a clear project management structure, project plan, and
allocate responsibility for specific project tasks (see Figure 1).

A good practice approach is to convene a Project or Reference Group to guide the
Youth Policy development. Agreement should be reached on the extent of involvement
of Group members and reporting arrangements. Group Members could include:
o Council representatives Council Member/s and relevant staff (such as
community services, infrastructure, recreation, cultural development)
o Local young people from various backgrounds
o Representatives from Government and non-Government agencies
providing services to young people
o Education, employment and economic development.

Consultation is central to preparing a Youth Policy and Plan. The extent and scope of
external consultations for the Youth Policy will depend on the available resources and
timeframes, and Councils views about external involvement in policy development.

Consultation will need to target young people, Youth Advisory Committee members,
youth networks, education sector (schools, tertiary education and alternative education
programs), Council Members and staff, youth service and social support providers,
economic, recreational and cultural development interests. This will ensure that the
Youth Policy and Plan responds to local youth priority needs.
o What is important to young people? Their expectations and aspirations
o What are the barriers to young peoples participation?
o Do they know what services are available to them locally?
o How can Council do things better?
Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates
3


The consultation phase also provides an opportunity to increase awareness about
what Councils do, what is available locally, and about voting and standing as
candidates in Local Government elections (see at www.lga.sa.gov.au)

Figure 1 below depicts a Five Step Project Plan for a participatory and integrated
approach.

Figure 1: A Five Step Project Plan Timeframe is a minimum of six months.




++
Council
endorsement
Project
Group
Convened
Project Plan
Developed
STEP 1: Research and Data Collection
Demographic Youth Profile
Literature Review - Youth needs/issues
Issues Paper Research background for
consultations
STEP 2: Consultation
Young People
Agencies/Sector Representatives
Council Members and Staff
The broader community


Values
Aspirations
Barriers to
Access and
participation
Partnership
opportunities

Issues
Needs
Service
Gaps
Strategy
Ideas
STEP 3: Draft Youth Policy and Plan
Consult and agree with Internal Stakeholders
Comment/Feedback from external participants
STEP 4: Council Endorsement
Advise participants
Launch the Youth Policy and Plan and celebrate
STEP 5: Implementation
Monitor, review and evaluate outcomes

Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates
4

4. APPLYING THE FIVE STEP PLAN

Step 1: Research and Data Collection

What to Collect? Why is it useful?
Socio-economic Profile Data
Develop a socio-economic profile, for
example, 5-11, 12-17 and 18-25 years of
age cohorts from ABS data.
Break down profile to statistical local areas
if possible.
Compare to State average for trends.
Identify health issues relevant to young
people from regional health reports and
data
Employment data can be accessed through
Regional Development boards, Centrelink,
or Australian Government Department of
Work Place Relations www.dewr.gov.au

Service Mapping
Map services available for young people in
the area. This could also be done during the
Consultation phase using a simple
questionnaire targeting relevant agencies
Profiles the socio-economic status and
cultural diversity of young people
Assists in identifying geographic locations
of high numbers or concentrations of young
people, and areas of potential disadvantage
Indicators of disadvantage and potential
issues for young people. For example:
o Low vehicle ownership in an area of
limited public transport may affect
access to employment, services,
and social and recreational options
o High levels of young people
unemployed in area with limited
options for useful things to do.
o Young people leaving the district for
tertiary education and work
opportunities

Identifies services available to local young
people and possible service gaps.

Local Reports and Studies relating to young
people in the Council area
Past studies undertaken by Council
Reports and relevant findings by other
agencies, for example, relating to economic
development, health or transport planning
Enquire with key agencies in your area
about what is available

Builds onto the picture of the local youth
profile prepared from statistical data and
analysis
Identifies local issues and what concerns
young people
Identifies future directions of key service
providers
An Issues Paper could be prepared as a
resource for the Consultation Phase from
the information collected.

Step 2: Communication and Consultation

A consultation plan will clarify whom to involve (targeting young people and youth
networks), and appropriate communication and consultation techniques and timeframes.
Some techniques are suggested in the table which follows, but for further guidance refer
to the 2. Making it Real: a resource for community consultation.

Prepare a mailing list of stakeholders, and add further contacts along the way.

Prepare a flyer in advance and provide to stakeholders when inviting there
involvement, with a summary of Councils approach to developing the Youth Policy
and Plan, how to access further information, for example, an Issues Paper.

Invite young people through communication networks that they access school
networks, street press, local community radio, and websites (see Web Site Design
Usability of Websites for Teenagers and Low Literacy Users, Appendix A). Display
Posters and flyers and talk to young people in places where they people gather
shops, skate parks, notice boards at schools and tertiary education institutions.
Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates
5

Who to Consult? What do we want to find out or achieve?
Young People, including
Youth Advisory Committees
School and tertiary student representatives
Youth networks
Canvas young people in shopping malls
and places where young people hang out

Techniques:
Invitations to small focus groups late
afternoon, avoid sporting schedules
YAC members to each bring along 5 peers
Talk to young people where they hang out
One to one interviews in malls and centres
Provide food, drinks and friendship
At an accessible and welcoming venue

Increased awareness of young people
about what Councils do and opportunities
for participation decision making, voting,
standing as a candidate in Council elections
What is important to young people?
What gets in the way of participation?
What issues concern young people?
Are they aware of the services available to
them?
How can Councils do things better?
Engage young people in working out ways
to address issues

What Councils do

It is not unusual that some young people (amongst others) find it difficult to understand the
connection between Councils and their own lives. Beyond the traditional Council image of
rates, roads and rubbish.


Whilst Councils have listed specific youth facilities in response to the 2004 Youth Survey prompts,
the wide range of facilities under the care and control of Councils are also to be noted. These
facilities offer recreation and service opportunities which are worthy of promoting locally to facilitate
enhanced access by young people.


Its a typical Sunday youve been down at the beach swimming and walking along the
jetty, and are heading home, riding along the bike-path when you decide to call into your local
library to logon to the internet and pick up some information about whats happening locally.
That afternoon you watch a game of tennis at the local sports reserve after having a BBQ with a
few friends in the nearby park.


Did you know that most of the activities you did that day were maintained or provided by
your local Council?


Resources to assist Councils to promote what Councils do and opportunities for
involvement through youth consultation events are available through the LGA website at
www.lga.sa.gov.au, in particular What Councils Do and information about elections and
voting enrolling to vote, voting and standing as a candidate in Local Government
elections.

Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates
6

Recognising Diversity and Reaching the Quiet Voices

Whilst many young people may share similar views and concerns, it is only through
effective engagement with young people that their specific views and needs will be
identified and future planning will effectively address priority needs.

In addition, the emerging issues and responses by Councils observed in the 2004 Youth
Survey highlights the diversity of young peoples cultural backgrounds, interests and
abilities. Consultation planning will need to include approaches to ensure the inclusion of:
young Indigenous people, and young people from multi-cultural and/or non-English
speaking backgrounds involving community leaders in the process, ensuring venues
are culturally appropriate and welcoming, and using interpreters;
young parents supporting child care arrangements and/or arranging to meet young
parents where they gather for group activities; and
young people with a disability ensure easy and front of house disabled access to
venues, and involve carers where appropriate.

Who else to Consult What do we want to find?
Youth sector representatives
Youth Networks
Youth specific service delivery agencies
Youth Centre staff and volunteers
Education Schools, TAFE, Universities
Techniques:
Questionnaire posted, on line, telephone
Invitation to Consultation Forums
One to one interviews

Local youth issues and needs
Representing needs of the silent voices
Extent and location of the experience of
disadvantage
Priority needs

Other stakeholders
Government and non-Government (could
include a simple service mapping survey)
o Health, housing, family and youth
services, counselling, community
support services, SAPOL
o Economic, employment and cultural
interests
o Recreation and leisure interests
The broader community
Techniques:
Questionnaire posted, on line, telephone
Invitation to Consultation Forums
One to one interviews

Service mapping (See also Step 1)
Service gaps and priority needs. Note:
Council may have a role in advocacy or
representing the interests of local youth to
relevant agencies and/or other spheres of
Government
Potential strategies and role for Council
Opportunities for partnerships and to
enhance collaborative approaches

Broader community issues and impacts
affecting planning for youth development.
Opportunities for partnerships

Council organisation
Elected Members
Council staff urban planning,
infrastructure, community and economic
development, recreation, information
services and libraries
Techniques
Briefing and Workshop Sessions
One-to-one interviews
Comment on draft documents
Enhance understanding and awareness of
youth issues across the organisation
Bring Elected Members and staff along
through the process, to maintain their
commitment during implementation
Ensure an integrated approach to planning
Explore opportunities for strategic
responses, for example, in areas of
economic and cultural development, public
spaces, and community security and safety

Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates
7


WHAT YOUNG PEOPLE TOLD US
(The outcome of six Youth Focus Groups informed the development of this Guide. Consultation
notes are available at www.lga.sa.gov.au, go to Projects, Community, Youth)

Values important to young people?
(Translate into Youth Policy values and principles)

Young people are diverse and have individual potential
Young people have fresh outlooks, are open minded, and have new ideas.
Young people are concerned about their future and the environment
Young people are entitled to be given opportunities and treated equitably
Participation by young people needs a mutual and supportive relationship between young
people and the community, based on respect and acceptance.
Young people are willing to express their own opinions to decision makers, help develop
solutions and be accountable.
Community support, access to confidential advice about health and sexuality issues, and
feeling accepted.

What issues concern you? Where are the gaps?
(Aim to address key issues and priority needs)

Theres nothing to do around here Boredom (sporting clubs closed in smaller country
towns)
Its OK if you play sport, but Im more into arts and culture
We get picked on for things we didnt do Young people have a poor image
There are no safe places to hang out
Working in the processing plant is not a good look. We need more job options
Access to affordable transport and housing, and emergency accommodation
Unemployment alternative and flexible learning programs tailored to local industries
Alcohol and drug abuse and dependency hoons on the road
Family breakdowns depression risk of suicide
Young immigrants, refugees and those with a disability are isolated

How do you think Councils can do things better?
See also 6. Moving Towards Good Practice in Youth Development)

Value the opinions, views, skills and knowledge of young people
Involve young people in planning future programs, services and events
Include all young people diversity is an asset
Facilitate community agencies to co-ordinate services make meeting spaces available
Prepare a directory of youth support services, networks and events
Allow young people to make mistakes, and assist them to learn and develop from new
knowledge and ways of doing things
Give feedback about decision making processes and what will happen with ideas, and provide
feedback

Getting information and having your say - What works for young people
See also 6.3 Youth Friendly Good Practice Checklist (Maximising participation)

Communicate meaningful information in a timely way that is relevant to young people. Use
email, SMS, youth newsletters, street press, local media, posters where young people hang
out. Talk to young people at schools, TAFE, and go where young people are shops, skate
parks, places where they hang out
Provide ongoing and supported options for involvement networks, committees, and mentors
Provide resources transport, attendant carers, interpreters and reimbursement of expenses
Provide food, make it fun and offer friendship.

Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates
8

Step 3: Draft Youth Policy and Plan

Having completed Step 1 and Step 2, the next task is to write up the Draft Youth Policy
and Plan from research findings and consultation outcomes recorded along the way.

As previously noted the framework for the document will depend upon Councils protocols
for policy and planning documents. It may be prepared as a stand alone Youth Policy and
Plan, or if it is to be integrated into Councils overall strategic plan the Youth Policy and
Plan will need to be tailored to suit that form.

The following checklist suggests the topics to include in the Youth Policy and Plan and
provides some examples for each topic.

Youth Policy


Introduction and Background What to include



What is the impetus and rationale
for developing a Youth Policy and
Plan?

Include definitions:
Youth or young people
Youth development
(See page ii, Welcome! )


What steps will Council take to
engage young people, and
encourage youth participation in
Council business?

Refer to key points in the Issues Paper to highlight
Demographic profile of young people and
emerging trends
Youth needs identified through consultation
program, such as
o Higher than average young people in the
area
o Culturally diverse youth population
o Young people leaving the area for study
or work and not coming back
o Isolation, barriers to accessing services
and/or facilities and target groups

Describe what Council will do to capture the
interests of young people and foster participation.
(see Page 11,


Policy Statement Vision or Aim Example


Check existing Council policies to
guide the format for this topic.
Aim to demonstrate Councils
commitment to young people
as valued community
members, engaging them in
local governance, minimising
barriers to participation in local
affairs and community life

(Refer Appendix C: LGA Draft
Youth Policy)
Create an environment in which young people
will have opportunities to be involved, learn
and develop and have a sense of well being
Encourage participation of young people in
Local Government and in planning for their
own unique social, cultural and service needs
Provide a future direction for Council and the
community for identifying and addressing the
issues affecting young peoples participation
in community life, and celebrating their
achievements


Principles and Values Examples



Not that Council actions impact on
the lives of young people, for
example in the areas of
infrastructure and facilities,
advocacy, planning, direct
service delivery, and through
partnerships.
Councils planning processes will be informed
by young peoples views and aspirations to
ensure fair and equitable access to a range of
services and facilities
Opportunities will be provided for young
people to actively participate in the civic and
social life of the community and to influence
decisions that affect their lives.
Youth Development Policy to Practice A Guide for Local Government in South Australia
Margaret Heylen and Janet Gould Janet Gould + Associates
9


Principles and Values (contd) Examples (contd)



Consistent with social planning
principles, these will include
principles and values related to
social justice and equity
access
recognising diversity
experiences of disadvantage
participation, empowerment
purposeful engagement
independence and choice
innovative responses
partnerships and collaboration
responsiveness

(Refer Appendix D: Youth Policy
Key Principles)


Council is committed to young people having
access to appropriate and legitimate spaces,
and access to affordable and safe activities.
Through regular review, Council will strive to
ensure services to young people remain
relevant whether through direct service
delivery, in partnership, as a broker, or an
advocate
Wherever possible, a choice of services
should be available in the knowledge that all
young people are not all the same, and that
the exercise of choice is vital to the
maintenance of their dignity and
independence



Youth Plan (Refer Appendix A for examples of Youth Policies and Plans)


Youth Plan (or Strategy) Examples of Goals and Strategies

























The Youth Plan will set out the
steps Council will take to address
the issues identified, and strategies
for fostering participation of young
people in planning and decision
making processes.

The issues could be summarised in
this section under
topic headings such as
Decision Making, Employment
and Training, Information,
Recreation and Leisure, Public
Space, Housing, or
Council strategic plan goals

Develop goals and strategies
consistent with Councils strategic
plan framework and protocols.

Further develop strategies into
detailed action plans, to identify
the steps to be taken to implement
the strategies, the timeframes, and
the resources allocated.

(Refer: Appendix B: Translating
works into actions)



Governance Goal: (or Decision Making)
Increase participation of young people in decision
making processes and local governance

Strategies
Maintain and further develop and support the
YAC program
Provide further opportunities and promote the
involvement and interest of young people in
planning and decision making processes (see
Step 5: Implementation)
Encourage young people to vote and stand as
a candidate in Local Government elections.



Planning Goal: (or Public Spaces)
Provide affordable access to appropriate youth
spaces and public places, which are safe and
promote fun, social and cultural opportunities

Strategies
Ensure urban design processes take account
of the specific needs of young people, and the
need for safe and welcoming spaces
Create partnerships to facilitate the provision
of appropriate youth spaces and social
options in the Council area



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The following options are suggested to engage young people in Council business and
local community life.
Provide access to information which is meaningful to young people, through networks
such as youth newspapers, street media, and websites.
Convene National Youth Week events and youth forums.
Provide youth specific spaces, centres and services (for example, Library areas,
recreation spaces, and community support services.
Foster and promote local options for artistic expression and passive involvement, as
well as physical and active recreational options. This could include cultural and
friendship events, sporting clinics which interest specific culturally groups.
Celebrate achievements and promote a positive image of young people.
Acknowledge experiences of disadvantage impacting on some young people, and in
those cases, the need for special measures to be taken to enhance the quality of life
and life opportunities for those affected young people.
Encourage involvement of young people in volunteering locally.

Some ways of encouraging active youth participation in Council business follow.
Targeted campaigns to foster and encourage young people to vote in Local
Government elections
Promoting amongst youth networks the opportunity to stand as a candidate in Local
Government elections.
Invite and encourage involvement in Youth Advisory Committees and other Council
planning committees and decision making structures.
Actively seeking out young people to be involved in consultation forums.
Ensuring consultation forums are youth friendly.
Reimburse expenses for travel, child care, and provide food and drinks.

Links to examples of Local Government Youth Policies and Plans and other useful
resources are provided in Appendix A. Other resources are as follows.
Creating Communities A Good practice guide to arts and cultural
development in Local Government (Fraser, 2004) an initiative of the Creative
Communities Network. This publication is available via www.lga.sa.gov.au
Doing It A guide for Local Government to involving young people in
volunteering - a Volunteer SA publication, available for a small fee from Volunteer SA.
Contact telephone: 8221 7177.


Review and Evaluation Linking to Councils strategic









Include statements about
how the Youth Policy and Plan
is linked to Councils strategic
planning process
who will be responsible for
action planning,
implementation and review

Identify the process which will be
used to review achievements?
A Youth Action Plan will be developed in
conjunction with Councils 3-year Strategic
Plan.
An annual review of achievements will be
undertaken, and an Action Plan will be
prepared for the ensuing 12 month period in
conjunction with Councils budget planning
cycle

Achievements will be reviewed annually by a
Focus Group involving the Youth Policy
Project Team, YAC, and targeted
stakeholders through invitation.
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Once the Draft Youth Policy and Plan is written, the next steps will involve some or all of
the following.

Consult with internal stakeholders and seek agreement on the Draft Youth Policy and
Plan.

Convene a focus group of young people and relevant agency representatives to obtain
feedback about, and commitment to, the Draft Policy and Plan.

When the Draft has been finally edited and completed, refer the Draft to the Youth
Policy Project Team for endorsement. Gaining their endorsement should be almost a
matter of having them rubber stamp it, if you have been continuing to consult with
them and seeking their comments on documentation through the process.

Forward the final Draft Youth Policy and Plan to Council for endorsement, and if
necessary arrange a briefing workshop for Council Members and senior staff prior to
its presentation to Council for endorsement.


Step 4: Council Endorsement

Once endorsed by Council, advise participants in the consultation program the Youth
Policy and Plan is completed. For example, the document could be made accessible via
Councils website, and a notice could be sent to all participants thanking them for their
involvement, advising of how to access the document. Include a invitation to telephone the
Council office for a copy if internet access is not an option.

As stated at the outset of this Guide the Youth Policy and Plan does not necessarily
commit Councils to new responsibilities or resources, but it may commit Council to
working more effectively with young people.

This new approach will require whole of Council understanding and commitment to
embrace the Youth Policy in all aspects of Councils operations, structures and processes
during the Implementation Phase, see Step 5.


Step 5: Implementation

Some key issues to consider in achieving an integrated and sustainable approach to the
implementation of the Youth Policy and Plan follow.

How will youth-related input be provided in all decision-making processes across
Council? For example, land use, recreational, cultural and economic development.
Is there an opportunity for youth input in multidisciplinary teams on relevant issues?
Are formal mechanisms such as parallel youth planning groups an option?
Are there opportunities to develop partnerships to address youth issues, such as with
non-government and government agencies, young people, and corporate bodies?
Are there opportunities for a Youth Leadership Program, or for young people to have
access to grant allocation?
Is Council involved in local and regional youth networks? These provide opportunities
for peer support, and to share information about approaches that work.
Information Sessions/feedback about the Youth Policy and Plan for Council, staff,
Youth Advisory Committees and key stakeholders.
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Finally, Councils should regularly monitor and review their Youth Policy and Plan in
consultation with young people themselves (the last task in the Checklist) to determine the
effectiveness of the strategies which have been put in place and progress towards a good
practice approach in youth development.
Its time to launch the Youth Policy and Plan and celebrate!
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5. MOVING TOWARDS GOOD PRACTICE IN YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

Some of the universal principles which are recognised as important to developing Youth
Policy have been highlighted in this Guide. How these principles translate to good youth
practice are discussed in the National Youth Affairs Research Scheme study, Alive and
Motivated: Young people, participation and local government
2
.

5.1 What young people say about good practice

It is based on choice
Has some tangible outcomes for youth related issues for those involved
Involves training, skills development and ongoing support for young people
Demonstrates to young people that their work is valued
Acknowledges the contribution of young people
Is adequately resourced
Takes into account young peoples limited access to time, money and transport
Provides young people with a sense of ownership in decisions
Is regularly reviewed (for relevance)
Involves negotiation and being flexible
Respects the privacy of young people
Allows young people to communicate and write in their own words
Provides young people with feedback
Ensures that events are held at venues accessible to young people
Publicly recognises the contribution of young people
Provides young people with food and drink, and
At least one Council Member is actively involved.

Young people and youth development workers also highlighted other factors which help to
make things work.

Forming relationships with young people based on trust, respect and empathy
Food fun and friendship
Allowing time for young people to understand, have input and make decisions
Active involvement, doing and making things
Flexibility and diversity in activities
Language that is easy to understand
Information that is accessible youth newspapers, street media, websites
Promoting successes.

5.2 Enhancing Youth Development Practice

The National Youth Affairs Research Scheme Study suggests that Council staff seeking to
improve their practice could include a number of aims and corresponding actions which
contribute to quality Local Government youth practice. These are set out in the table
which follows
3
.

2
National Youth Affairs Research Scheme: Alive and Motivated: Young people, participation and
local government 2004 (pp111-112)
3
Ibid (p119)
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Aims Actions by Council and Staff
Clarity of purpose Make clear the level of participation sought attendance, advice, or
full civic participation
Employ youth practitioners Employ, nurture, finance and educate youth practitioners with
experience, dedication, education, an interest in young people and
an ability to use language that is recognised both by young people
and with Local Government settings
Constellation of activities Publicly demonstrate their loyalty, respect and faith in young people
by funding and initiating a constellation of programs and activities to
cater to young peoples wide variety of interests, needs and passions
Community involvement Model their respect for young people by persuading local business,
elected members and other community leaders to give their time and
loyalty to youth initiatives
Creativity and ingenuity Find imaginative, creative and ingenious ways to excite young people
about the possibilities of involving themselves in civic life
Celebrate young people Publicly demonstrate their admiration for young peoples
achievements action and potential
Make life interesting Draw upon participatory methods that excite young people, enthuse
their passion and aspire them to do great things.
Integrate Find ways to include young people, their interests and their matters to
be integrated into the main business of Council
Listen to young people Provide means by which young people can call attention to their
interest and what is important to them
Freedom from harassment Restore young peoples ability to contribute to the safe use of public
spaces and public facilities without unnecessary constraints.

5.3 Youth Friendly Good Practice Checklist

The following youth friendly Good Practice Checklist has been drawn from the
Volunteering SA publication Doing it! The publication, referred to earlier in Step 3, focuses
on making volunteering youth friendly, but the checklist can be applied to a range of youth
development activities.

Identify the young people you are targeting (life stages)
School students
Tertiary Students
Young job seekers
Young parents
Young women
Young men
Young people with disabilities
Indigenous young people
Culturally and linguistically diverse young people

Be aware of stereotypes
What are some of the stereotypes we hear about young people?
Are they myth or fact? Sometime true for some young people - Not true of all?
How might stereotypes impact on attitudes towards young people and how they regard
themselves?
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Attracting Young People
Do young people perceive your organisation as welcoming?
Do you advertise in youth media street press, youth newsletters and through IT
(see Web Site Design, Appendix A)?
Consider timing options before and after education schedules
Avoid sporting fixture timings
Allow time for travel by bus or bike rather than motor vehicle
Can out of pocket expenses be met in some way travel, child care?

Volunteering
Is your organisation youth friendly consider attitudes, welcoming and relaxed
environment
Does stereotyping impact on ability to recruit young people as volunteers
Check timing issues, above
Are there opportunities for short, medium and long-term, and flexible opportunities
Can volunteer work be done off site
Are there opportunities for young people to teach others new skills, such as
information technology and computer skills
Will the volunteer activity lead to personal growth?
Can the activity be recognised through a certificate of acknowledgement or a
reference letter?

Decision making
Can decision making tasks be incorporated into roles for young people?
How can you better involve young people in informing Council decision making?


5.4 Bringing Council Members and Staff along through the process

The check list which follows suggests ways to foster increased understanding of youth
issues and Council commitment to a role in youth affairs. The check list has been
prepared from ideas offered by staff working in the area of youth development.

Get to know Council staff and Elected Members and introduce the 'youth' initiatives
that are working well in your area.
Use the email system to promote your work or your communitys good work with
young people, for example, local achievements, and milestones.
Build some 'internal' pride about the community you all work and/or live in. Promote
the idea that Council doing good things for young people is something to be proud of.
If you have a staff newsletter, use that for promotion. Prepare an article about a youth
volunteer or interesting project.
After you have developed a project brief for your youth strategy, ask your senior
manager to co-present to Council with you, to start engaging Council Members in the
process.
Tell them what you're about to do and why you need a Youth Policy and/or Plan.
Cover methodology so they know you are going to do a thorough job. There may not
be much feedback, but it is the first opportunity for Council Members to voice their
opinions, which may be nothing to do with the project brief but rather about
perceptions of positive or negative experiences they may have with young people in
the area.
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When an issues or background paper is prepared, brief Council Members again and
discuss the issues young people raised and ideas for the strategy.
o The aim is to find out what they might like to see or what they may not want to
endorse.
o Statistics might be knew information and prompt support for certain initiatives,
and young people's role in governance may be an area familiar to Council
Members
Early briefings can also highlight contentious areas and topics, and the Youth Policy
and Plan may need to be carefully worded to gain endorsement, for example,
Develop a youth citizenship initiative rather than Develop a youth citizenship
initiative and encourage young people to vote in council elections.
Send drafts to senior staff and general managers for feedback before presenting the
final draft to Council.


6. FURTHER RESOURCES

It is acknowledged that many Councils in South Australia have shown leadership in the
area of youth affairs through the development of Youth Policy and comprehensive Youth
Plans.

Through the research and consultation phases for the development of this Guide, a range
of good practice examples have been highlighted and are showcased in Part 2 of this
Guide.

This Guide was particularly designed to guide those Councils and staff new to Youth
Policy development in Local Government through the key processes of developing a
Youth Policy and Plan.

Further resources and links to examples of good practice Youth Policies are included in
the Appendices to this report. Councils are encouraged to seek support and assistance as
they develop local Youth Policy and Plans, through the established links and networks
with peers in Local Government and Youth Networks.

7. ACKNOWLDEGEMENTS

The support and commitment of the Steering Committee is also acknowledged and the
project consultants sincerely thank members of that group, in particular Angela De Conno,
followed by Lily Bukva as Project Co-ordinator.

Local Government Youth Services Forum Project Steering Committee
Angela DeConno, Project Officer Youth Strategy, City of Tea Tree Gully (Chair until
October 2004)
Lilly Bukva, Youth Development Officer, City of Playford (Chair from November 2004)
Kathy Mickan, Youth Development Officer, City of Mitcham
Anna Jacobs, Youth Development Officer, and Megan Hanley, Community
Development Officer, City of Whyalla
Belinda Saunders, Sector Development Officer, Youth Affairs Council of South
Australia
Adam Kilvert, Senior Policy Officer,, Office for Youth
Chris Russell, Director, Policy and Public Affairs, Local Government Association of
South Australia
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APPENDIX A

REFERENCES and EXAMPLES OF YOUTH POLICIES AND PLANS

References

A Guide to Social Planning for Local Government in South Australia - (Gould,
Heylen, and Carnegie, 2002). This publication is available via www.lga.sa.gov.au

Further resources prepared as part of the research for the Youth Policy
Guidelines Project are available at www.lga.sa.gov.au
Literature Review Youth Policy
2004 Youth Survey of Councils Report
Young People in South Australia ABS Data

Alive and Motivated: Young people, participation and Local Government, a
National Youth Affairs Research Scheme project. This publication is available via
www.facs.gov.au/internet/facsinternet.nsf/aboutfacs/programs/youth-nyars.htm

Making it Real: a resource for community consultation (Sharley, 2001) an
initiative of the Local Government Community Services Association of South Australia.
The publication is available via www.makingitreal.va.com.au and www.lgcsasa.asn.au

Creating Communities A Good practice guide to arts and cultural
development in Local Government (Fraser, 2004) an initiative of the Creative
Communities Network. This publication is available via www.lga.sa.gov.au

Connecting Young People in Local Communities. A guide to development of
Local Government Youth Charter, 2004. Municipal Association of Victoria. This publication
is available via www.mav.asn.au

Bikes, bands and strategic plans Including Young People in the Business
of Local Government (1996) A resource Kit for Local Government in Queensland via
www.lgaq.asn.au


Website Design

Useability of website for teenagers - www.useit.com/alertbox/20050131.html
Low literacy users www.useit.com/alertbox/20050314.html
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Examples of Local Government Youth Policies and Plans

City of Adelaide (SA)
The Time of Your Life Youth Policy 2004
(www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/council/publications/Policies/Youth_Policy.pdf)

City of Charles Sturt (SA)
Youth Services (www.charlessturt.sa.gov.au)

District Council of Grant (SA)
Statement of Commitment to Young People (www.dcgrant.sa.gov.au)

Renmark Paringa Council (SA)
Youth Policy (www.renmarkparinga.sa.gov.au)

City of Salisbury (SA)
Young People in Focus Youth Strategy 2002-2005
Responding to Young People Youth Policy and Strategy Framework 1998
(http://cweb.salisbury.sa.gov.au/manifest/servlet/binaries?img=984&stypen=html)

City of Onkaparinga (SA)
Youth Participation - A New Approach to Local Government Youth Services (2000)
(www.onkaparinga.sa.gov.au)

City of Playford (SA)
Youth Development Strategy and Policy 2005-2010
(www.playford.sa.gov.au)

City of Sydney (NSW) draft Youth Interagency Youth Strategy Action Plan 2004
http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/)

Moreland City Council Youth Strategy (Vic) 2004-4009
(http://www.moreland.vic.gov.au/)

City of Casey Youth Strategy 2001 2011 (Vic)
(http://www.casey.vic.gov.au/policiesstrategies/article.asp?Item=1635)

Brisbane City Council Youth Strategy 2003-2006 (Quld)
(http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/)

Darwin City Council Youth Strategy 2003-2006 (NT)
(http://www.darwin.nt.gov.au/)

City of Kalgoorlie Boulder Focus on Youth a Living in Harmony Project 2002 (WA)
(http://www.kalbould.wa.gov.au/assets/pdf/youth_needs_analysis.pdf)
(http://www.kalbould.wa.gov.au/assets/pdf/youth_strategic_plan.pdf)

Local Government Association of Queensland
(http://www.lgaq.asn.au/)

Local Government Association of Tasmania
(http://www.lgat.asn.au/)
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APPENDIX B

TRANSLATING WORDS INTO ACTIONS

Further examples of how to translate what young people say into Council actions, are
provided in the table below
4
.

Issues Identified Possible Council Strategies

We want to feel part of the community

Involve young people in decision making
structures across all relevant areas of council
activity (For example, through committees and
Reference Groups)

Involve young people as Council ambassadors

I expect to feel safe and welcome Promote a positive image of young people
through Councils newsletters and recognise
and celebrate their contributions and
achievements

Involve young people in decisions about
designing and planning of safe spaces and
places to hang out

We want a sustainable local community that
provides us with education, training, jobs and
things to do in our spare time
Advocate for pathways to local employment and
relevant training and educational programs

Explore options for increasing access to
recreational facilities and community social
options

We want safe places to just hang out Provide opportunities for young people to make
connections locally through participation in
activities and community events.

Explore options for providing access to places
and spaces that are welcoming, accessible,
affordable and inclusive of young people

We want services that are relevant and
accessible and youth focused
Consult with young people to identify the
services they need and service gaps

Involve young people in the management of
relevant services and facilities

Consider issues of cost, distance and transport
when providing services and opportunities for
young people



4
A Guide for the Development of a Local Government Youth Charter, 2004 (Municipal Association
of Victoria).
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APPENDIX C

DRAFT LOCAL GOVERNMENT YOUTH POLICY
5

Young people - 12 25 years of age

Local Government in South Australia affirms its respect for all young people and acknowledges
their right to be involved in matters which impact on their quality of life and aspirations for the
future.

Defining a role for Local Government in youth affairs is not necessarily about taking on new
responsibilities, but about recognising youth needs in existing consultative, planning and service
functions to ensure young peoples needs are catered for in accordance with the principles of
access and equity.

Local Government acknowledges:
the important role young people play in the social, economic and cultural life of the community
now and into the future;
young peoples right to participate in local affairs and recognises the need to encourage their
involvement as future voters and community leaders;
the diversity of young peoples interests and cultural backgrounds, and their need for cultural
and artistic expression;
the central role education, training, employment, and access to social support play in enabling
young people to participate in community life and equip them for the future; and
Councils have a leadership role in understanding and responding to the needs of young
people, and representing their interests to other spheres of Government and the broader
community.

Local Government supports:
participatory structures and membership that reflects the diverse interests and cultural
backgrounds of young people locally;
partnerships and shared responsibility between Councils, young people, other spheres of
government and with community agencies to foster collaborative responses and enhanced
access to affordable community services and support;
the participation of young people in fun activities to learn new skills, develop capacity to
participate in community life, and which engender community spirit and pride; and
review and monitoring of trends, and responsive and flexible approaches to address emerging
youth issues in culturally appropriate ways.

Local Government commits to:
fostering a safe community where young people are respected, have opportunities to belong,
and feel they are valued in the community;
enhancing communication with young people listening, responding and providing feedback
about matters impact on their quality of life;
involving young people in meaningful ways in civic life, such as planning and decision making
processes, and in voting and elections;
promoting a positive image about the role young people play in the community and celebrating
their achievements; and
representing the needs of young people to community agencies and other spheres of
Government, and advocating for the provision of infrastructure to enable young people to
access accommodation, social, educational and employment opportunities, and support
services.


5
Draft LGA Youth Policy endorsed by LGA State Executive in July 2005, for presentation to LGA
AGM in October 2005
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APPENDIX D

YOUTH POLICY KEY PRINCIPLES

Consistent with social planning values and principles, the key principles that are central to Youth
Policy are as follows.

Equity means fair distribution of economic resources, political power and opportunities for
young people to participate in the life of the community. Note: equity is different to equal.
Equal means being the same. Equity means being fair, which does not assume that everyone
has the same capacity to participate in community life. Some young people experience socio-
economic disadvantage, and specific programs or services may need to be provided to
address these particular or unique circumstances and needs to level the playing field.

Diversity young people come from diverse cultural, economic and family backgrounds, and
have diverse views, aspirations and interests. Specific attention is required to young people
who have experiences of disadvantage, for example, young indigenous people, young people
with a physical or intellectual disability, mental health problems, those living in dysfunctional
family environments, or young people who are carers caring for other family members, and
young people living in poverty.

Access means fair and equal access to a range of quality services essential to achieving and
maintaining a reasonable quality of life. Barriers to access for young people can be as a result
of a disability, low level of English literacy, geographic location, lack of knowledge or
information, being unable to afford to pay for services, and lack of transport.

Independence and Choice young people should be able to choose from a range of options
and alternatives in housing, education, and employment opportunities as well as community
support services, leisure and recreational pursuits.

Advocacy Local Government has a legitimate role and is well placed to advocate and lobby
for the needs and aspirations of young people in local communities.

Purposeful engagement an understanding that decisions which relate to quality of life for
young people must be informed by their views. Information should be provided in meaningful
ways through networks that young people use, and appropriate opportunities for involvement.

Participation and empowerment creating opportunities and a range of options for young
people to actively participate in civic, social and political life, and to influence decisions that
affect the living environment and daily lives.

Responsiveness means planning in advance and that services and resources are available
in a timely manner, that is, when they are needed.

Adaptability and Flexibility plans and program implementation should be flexible to
accommodate changing community needs over time.

Partnerships and collaboration planning and provision of services should be integrated,
where possible, and be coordinated between, or in partnership with, government agencies,
non-government agencies and the community.