Experiment no.

#7
The Burette

Group no. #3 Hydrogen Due Date: August 1, 2014
Group member: Paden, Lucen Jane M. Date Performed: July 25, 2014
Diaz, Calvin Klean B.
Medina, Enrico M.

ABSTRACT
This experiment was conducted to determine the accuracy and performed the correct
techniques and skills in reading and delivering volume of a liquid using a burette.
It sought to answer the following questions: What is the mean volume of one drop on the
following drops: 30 drops, 40 drops and several half-drops? Was there a difference in the mean
volume of one drop of 30 drops and 40 drops? Was there a difference in the calculated mean
volume of one full drop and the mean volume of half-drop? Was the burette, accurate?
Thirty (30) drops, forty (40) drops and 15 half-drops were tested in the experiment.
About five point fifty one (5.51) ml was used as the zero reading of the burette. Three (3) trials
were done for each treatment. The results showed that the mean volume of one were as follows:
0.0484 ml for 30 drops, 0.049 ml for 40 drops and 0.025 ml for 15 half-drops. There was a
difference in the mean volume of one drop of 30 and 40 drops. There was a difference in the
mean volume of full drops and half-drops. And basically, burette was accurate.
Based on the result and analysis of the experiment, the correct techniques and skills in
reading and delivering volume of liquids were successfully performed. Burette because of its
accuracy, was a suitable instrument to be used at a small quantity of volume of liquid and
solutions in the laboratory.


CHAPTER I
Introduction

For making accurate measurements in analytical procedures, next in importance to the
balance is equipment for the measurement of volume. A burette is a laboratory apparatus used in
quantitative chemical analysis to measure the volume of a liquid or a gas. It consists of a
graduated glass tube with a stopcock (turning plug) at one end. On a liquid burette, the stopcock
is at the bottom, and the precise volume of the liquid dispensed can be determined by reading the
graduations marked on the glass tube at the eye level before and after dispensing it. It is designed
to accurately deliver between 30 and 50 mL of a solution.

Francois Antoine Henri Descroizilles developed the first Burette on 1791. Joseph Louis
Gay-Lussac invented a more complete Burnett later. And late on, Karl Freidrick Mohr improved
burette which had a tip at the bottom and a clamp (a 'Mohr's clip'), which made it much easier to
use than its predecessors, which were more similar to a graduated cylinder.

When using 50 ml burette, the standard deviation of single burette reading was assumed
to be 0.02 ml. Parallax, another source of error in reading a burette, occurs if the eye is above or
below the level of the meniscus. This error can be minimized by use of the burette card on the
graduation mark as guides to keep the eye level with the meniscus. When calculating the mean
volume of one drop the equation can be used,

.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the accuracy and performed the correct
techniques and skills in reading and delivering volume of a liquid using a burette.




CHAPTER II
Methodology

This chapter presents the detailed procedure in reading and delivering the volume of
liquid delivered of a burette.
The burette was mounted in a burette stand and filled with distilled water. The zero
reading of the volume was adjusted to any mark of the burette but not exactly at 0.00 ml to avoid
bias in the measurement. The initial reading was recorded within thirty (30) seconds interval. A
burette reading card was use to took the initial reading. Burette reading card can be constructed
by putting a black electrical tape around an index card.
A five (5) millimeter of distilled water was run into a two hundred fifty (250) ml
Erlenmeyer flask. The burette reading card was use to took the final reading after thirty (30)
seconds had passed. The instructor in-charged was ask to took the final reading.
The burette was refilled with distilled water and new zero reading was took. Thirty (30)
drops was added to the Erlenmeyer flask and the final reading of the burette was taken. The
procedure was repeated using forty (40) drops. The mean volume of one (1) drop was calculated.
A half-drop was practiced on the flask and the mean volume of several half-drop was calculated
and was compared to the results of full drops.


CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter consists of presentation, analysis and interpretation of data gathered in the
experimentation.
Table 7.1 Reading of burette filled w/ distilled water


Burette filled w/
water
5 ml run into the
flask

% error
of
initial
reading
% error
of final
reading
Time of reading
(second)
30 second

30 second
Initial reading Final reading
Trial 1 3.50 ml

8.50 ml 0 % 0 %
Trial 2
3.50 ml
8.50 ml 0 % 0 %
Trial 3
3.50 ml
8.50 ml 0 % 0 %
Instructors
reading
3.50 ml 8.50 ml 0 % 0 %
Average mean 3.50 ml 8.50 ml
Standard
deviation
0 0

Table 7.1 presents the initial and final reading of burette filled with distilled water. The
data indicates that the values in Column 3 (the final reading) were obtained by subtracting the
volume from Column 2 data (the initial reading) from the corresponding delivered volume run in
the Erlenmeyer flask which is five (5) ml.
This clearly implies that the results gave an accurate and precise value of measurements
since column 4 and 5 indicates the standard deviation and percent (%) error of zero.





Table 7.2 Initial and final reading of the volume of 30 and 40 drops
Drops trials Initial
reading
(zero
reading)
% error Final
reading
%
error
Mean
vol.
(1drop)
Standard
deviation
initial Final

30 drops
1
st
5.52 ml 0.18% 6.96 ml 0.00% 0.048
ml/drop

0.01

0.01
2
nd
5.50 ml 0.18% 6.95 ml 0.14% 0.0483
ml/drop
3
rd
5.51 ml 0.00% 6.97 ml 0.14% 0.049
ml/drop
mean 5.51 ml 6.96 ml 0.0484
ml

40 drops 1
st
6.96 ml 0.043% 8.93 ml 0.11% 0.049
ml/drop
0.015 0.01
2
nd
6.95 ml 0.19% 8.95 ml 0.11% 0.050
ml/drop
3
rd
6.98 ml 0.24% 8.94 ml 0.00% 0.049
ml/drop
mean 6.963 ml 8.94 ml 0.049
ml/drop


This table presents the initial and final reading of the volume of thirty (30) and forty (40)
drops. The column 3 data in the table above indicates the zero point where the initial reading
should be taken. The value in the column 5 which correspond to the final reading of the burette
was taken account in the amount of drops indicated in the table column 1 (respectively; 30 and
40 drops).
Table 7.1 also shows the standard deviation and percent (%) error of the data. Each trial
readings (shown in column two (2) above) of the burette were significantly important, since
these trials will show the accuracy and precision of the measurement obtained from the
experiment.
.


Table 7.3 Mean volume of a half-drop
no. of
half-
trials Initial reading
(zero reading)
Final reading volume of half-drops
drops

15 half-
drops
1
st
8.93 ml 9.31 ml 0.025 ml/half-drop
2
nd
8.95 ml 9.33 ml 0.024 ml/half-drop
3
rd
8.94 ml 9.32 ml 0.025 ml/half-drop
Mean 8.94 ml 9.32 ml 0.025 ml/half-drop

This table presents the mean volume of half-drops. The value in column 3 indicates the
zero reading which basically the initial reading of the burette. The value in the column 5 which
correspond to the final reading of the burette was taken account in the amount of drops indicated
in the table column 1(15 half-drops).


CHAPTER IV
Summary and Conclusions
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the accuracy and performed the correct
techniques and skills in reading and delivering volume of a liquid using a burette.
Specifically it sought to answer the following questions:
What is the mean volume of one drop on the following drops: 30 drops, 40 drops and
several half-drops?
Was there a difference in the mean volume of one drop of 30 drops and 40 drops?
Was there a difference in the calculated mean volume of one full drop and the mean
volume of half-drop?
Was the burette, accurate?

The activity employed an experimental method to determine the accuracy of the instrument.
Thirty (30) drops, forty (40) drops and 15 half-drops were tested in the experiment. About five
point fifty one (5.51) ml was used as the zero reading of the burette. Three (3) trials were done
for each treatment. Reading the burette was done at thirty (30) seconds interval. The reading of
the volume was recorded. Mean and the ml/drop were used to answer the questions.
Summary of Findings:
0.0484 ml for 30 drops, 0.049 ml for 40 drops and 0.025 ml for 15 half-drops.
There was a difference in the mean volume of one drop of 30 and 40 drops.
There was a difference in the mean volume of full drops and half-drops.
Yes, basically accurate.

Conclusion:
Based on the result and analysis of the experiment, the correct techniques and skills in
reading and delivering volume of liquids were successfully performed. Burette because of its
accuracy, was a suitable instrument to be used at a small quantity of volume of liquid and
solutions in the laboratory.





APPENDIX
Working formula:
Mean

Calculate the mean of initial and final reading
Solution:
Mean=

= 5.51 g
Note: table 7.1 has the same mean calculation with table 7.2.


Working formula:

Calculate the standard deviation
Given: trial 1=5.52 g, trial 2= 5.50 g, trial 3= 5.51 g
Mean= 5.51 g
Solution:
Xi ( xi- ) (xi- )
2

5.52 g (5.52 g-5.51 g) 0.0001
5.50 g (5.50 g-5.51 g) 0.0001
5.51 g (5.51 g-5.51 g) 0.000
=5.51 g =0.0001

SD=

= 0.01
Working formula:
volume of one full drop =

Given: initial reading= 5.52 ml, final reading= 6.96 ml
No. of drops = 30 drops
Solution:
Final volume= 6.96 ml-5.52 ml = 1.44 ml
Volume of one full drop =


= 0.048 ml/drop
Note: the calculation for volume of half-drop is the same with full drops.