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09 Numeric Control

The document discusses numerical control (NC) and NC programming. It defines NC, describes its history and advantages/disadvantages. It outlines the basic components of an NC system and programming steps. Common NC codes and their uses are explained. Guidelines for writing NC programs and terms for milling operations are also covered.

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Sunilkumar Reddy
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49 views

09 Numeric Control

The document discusses numerical control (NC) and NC programming. It defines NC, describes its history and advantages/disadvantages. It outlines the basic components of an NC system and programming steps. Common NC codes and their uses are explained. Guidelines for writing NC programs and terms for milling operations are also covered.

Uploaded by

Sunilkumar Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Page 1
R. Jerz 1
2/13/2006
Numerical Control
Numerical Control
R. Jerz 2
2/13/2006
Definition of NC
Definition of NC
a form of programmable automation in
which the mechanical actions of a
machine tool or other equipment are
controlled by a program containing
coded alphanumeric data
R. Jerz 3
2/13/2006
History of NC
History of NC
1948-1952
John Parsons, late 40s, conceived NC
idea
1952 MIT built first NC milling
machine
Aircraft industry
R. Jerz 4
2/13/2006
Manual Machining
Manual Machining
Sequence of machining steps
Feed, speed, depth of cut for each operation
Tooling
Clamps
Stops
Coolant
Part quality depends upon skill of operator
R. Jerz 5
2/13/2006
Advantages of NC
Advantages of NC
Runs automatically
Greater flexibility
Less machine idle time
Complex geometries
Reduced fixturing
Higher accuracy .0001"
Reduced scrap
Enhances engineering
change
Reduced inventory
Faster prototypes
Reduced tooling cost
Increases
productivity
Less inspection time
R. Jerz 6
2/13/2006
Disadvantages of NC
Disadvantages of NC
Machine cost
Programming training
Higher maintenance cost
Higher skilled workers
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Page 2
R. Jerz 7
2/13/2006
Basic Components
Basic Components
Program of instruction (part program)
Machine control unit
Processing equipment
R. Jerz 8
2/13/2006
Programming NC Machines
Programming NC Machines
Language definition
EIA RS-274D Standard
Lines of code
Typical block of Code
R. Jerz 9
2/13/2006
Element of Part Program
Element of Part Program
Words [N, G, X, Y, Z, I, J, K, F, S, T, M]
Parameters [a number]
Examples
G03, M06, T01, F6.2
R. Jerz 10
2/13/2006
NC Programs
NC Programs
Most common NC Words
N - Sequence number
G - Preparatory work
X,Y, Z Linear movement
I, J, K Rotational movement
F - Feed
S - Speed
T - Tool selection
M Miscellaneous
Example: N00 G92 X0 Y-050 Z010
Format: Post Processors
R. Jerz 11
2/13/2006
NC Programming
NC Programming
R. Jerz 12
2/13/2006
Common G Codes
Common G Codes
G00 Rapid traverse
G01 linear interpolation
G02 circular interpolation (cw)
G03 circular interpolation (ccw)
G90 absolute coordinates
G91 incremental coordinates
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Page 3
R. Jerz 13
2/13/2006
Common M Codes
Common M Codes
M00 pause
M02 end of program
M03 turn spindle on
M05 turn spindle off
M06 tool change
R. Jerz 14
2/13/2006
Guidelines
Guidelines
Order on line: N, G, X, Y, Z, I, J, K, F, S, T, M
One location code per line (no X2X8)
Some codes need not repeat (X,Y, F)
First block should move tool to safe location
Move tool back to safe location at EOP
If unsure, put G and M codes on separate lines
R. Jerz 15
2/13/2006
NC Programming Steps
NC Programming Steps
Plan the process
Know machining
Know NC programming
Know Geometry/math
Determine cutting conditions
Write code
Test & Debug code
Run parts
Set tool origin
R. Jerz 16
2/13/2006
Terms for Milling
Terms for Milling
Face
Contour/engrave
Pocket
Drill
R. Jerz 17
2/13/2006
Computer Assisted
Programming
Computer Assisted
Programming
CAD/CAM

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