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http://issa.vndv.com

    

("#$  )
2
S =
d
3

C SI

y iC

:&   *)  (

SI

1
2

1
2

10

. 123 56$7 *)  926  :;

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

10

("#$   )
::>?   *) 
2
S = d 1 y iC SI
3
1
2

C SI

d1 =

2
8

d
2 5@5A 126B #    *)  (& C

1
2

2
9

1
2

1
2
10

123 <=> 56$7 *)  926  :;

1
8
2

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

1
2

10

("#$   )
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2
S = d
3
C SI

1 1

2 2
8

d :.D( 126 E5B FB1? G :HI$ J KK# @

y iC SI
1
2
2

1
1
2

1
2

1
2
2
9

1
2

1 1

2 2
10

123 <=> 56$7 *)  926  :;

1
8
2

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

1
2

10

("#$   )
::>?   *) 
2
S = d
3

1
4

C SI

d :.D( 126 E5B FB1?

C SI

1
2

1
2

1
4
1
2

10

123 <=> 56$7 *)  926  :;

1
8
2

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

1
2

10

"#$ N ::O
5H  * &.G 2P>  )KK  5H@ 5KG 1H :7 P@2 K56$7 5KG  QRS 2T>
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Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

d d N ::O
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5H  * &.G 2P>  )KK 

3X  1 G

d
2

d
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5KG 2 1H :7 P@2 K56$7 5KG  QRS 2T>

:V5W
d
2

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

"#$ N ::O "H;  

1
2

1 1

2 2

1
2
2

d ?
C SI

1
4

1
2

1 1
2 2
1 1

2 2

1
2
2

1
2

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

1 1

2 2
1
4

"#$ N ::O (

1
2

1 1

2 2

1
2
2

d ?
C SI

d =d

)*)5IB  

1
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1 1
2
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1 1

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1
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Dr. HEITHAM

1 1

2 2
1
4

1N 12" PV  :V5

Z >1# =@ KI" \ #$] A & 2I@

P = g .m =

g .dm = g
D

m =

dp =

=KI N .$

dm ,
D

dm



dP = gdm
=KI N

dm

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

1N 12" PV  :V5

x

1  1 SG G yz 1$  1 I 1 N

xG
"P?

=KI N .$

dm



dP = gdm
=KI N

1
).#

x
y

yz

= x G .P = x .dp =
D

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

1N 12" PV  :V5

x

1  1 SG G yz 1$  1 I 1 N

P .x G = x .dP

=KI N .$

P = dp T@ K@5
D

xG

x .dp

=
dp




dP = gdm
=KI N

dm

x
y

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

1N 12" PV  :V5

"P?   3( :V5W 5N> SBe NI B

yG

y .dp

=
dp

zG

=KI N

dm



dP = gdm

z .dp

=
dp

=KI N .$

x
y

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

B G ":5 G g:I$>   N] NB ( h.I$@ 5KG

xF =

yz

x .dp

=
,
dp
y .dp

=
,
dp
z .dp

=
dp
D

yF

M xz
=
P

zF =

xy

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

1  1@ ZG  i; @1j1 \#j 5 ] N. 1#@ l: D6>  R3

:)mH$G ZI2P "#j  I R "? 

:1#@ l:B

dm

dS

dS

dm

dm $6>

e
2

dm = .dV = .e .dS dp = g . .e .dS

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

1@ ZG  i; @1j1 \#j 5 ] N. 1#@ l: D6>  R3

:)mH$G ZI2P "#j  I R "?  1 

y .d p

y
dp
. g .e . y d S
ydS
G

M xz
=
=
P

. g .e . d S
S

dS

M
=
S

g . y .e .d S

g .e .d S
D

yG =

ydS

Mz
,
=
S
dS

yz

1$  *) o27 "   S & ;5 ] N 1$@ e 0

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

5KG

1@ ZG  i; @1j1 \#j 5 ] N. 1#@ l: D6>  R3

:)mH$G ZI2P "#j  I R "?  1 
T@ K@5 p$K@

zC =

zdS
=

dS

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

M
S

 :; )SK> 5KG

1 . @1 ]iP 1j1 >  R3   ZBe "#eB

:= & E

xC =

x dS

dS

yC =

ydS
Mx
=
S
dS

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

y 1  1   )>1# I
dS = dx .dy

m y = x .dS = xdydx = xdy

S
S
x1 0
xn

dx = xydx
x1

xn

xn

dS

my = xydx

dy

dx
Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

x1

K: 1 1   )>1# I

dS = dx .dy
xn y
xn

y2
m x = y .dS = ydydx = ydy dx = dx
2
S
S
x1 0
x1

xn

mx =
dS

x1

dy

y
y
2

dx
Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

y
dx
2

456 1 ''!3
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dm



dF = adm

G
G
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'=4 '<$!8 '1,:

'783

a = .r

"!

"! @)

= M = r .dF
Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

'!3' 1 456
: 1    "! #$ *) (!' +",' !

G
G
>=?' 1

783' 1,' :#

dm



dF = adm

783' 1,:' <$!8' 4='

x
y

M = r .dFy = r .d (a .m )
D

= r .d (r ..m ) = r .dm
2

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

'!3' 1 456
: 1   $! "! #$ *) (!' +",' !

G
>=?' 1

783' 1,' :#

dm



dF = adm

1,:' <$!8' 4='

783'

M = . r dm = I r .

4A' 4( +",' !' 1

y
D

I = r dm
2

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

'!3' 1 456

x
z

4A' 4( +",' !' 1

G
>=?' 1

783' 1,' :#

dm



dF = adm
1,:' <$!8' 4='
783'

x
y

y
'!' C<*)

r2 = y 2 +z 2

I x =
Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

2
2
y
+
z
(
)dm

'!3' 1 456

y
z

4A' 4( +",' !' 1

G
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783' 1,' :#

dm



dF = adm
1,:' <$!8' 4='
783'

x
y

y
'!' C<*)

r2 = x 2 +z 2

I y = (x 2 + z 2 )dm
D

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

'!3' 1 456

z
z

4A' 4( +",' !' 1

G
>=?' 1

783' 1,' :#

dm



dF = adm
1,:' <$!8' 4='
783'

x
y

y
'!' C<*)

r2 = x 2 + y 2

I x = (x 2 + y 2 )dm
D

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

'!3' 1 456
I4F J= (!"A$> EF' 4G4 +",' H4E"' 13' '!' 5$!F ,'!3A$

dm = edS I = e r dS
2

4A' 4( K"' !' 1

i = r dS
2

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

'!3' 1 456
I4F J= (!"A$> EF' 4G4 +",' H4E"' 13' '!' 5$!F ,'!3A$

y
=x

dF = (x ds )e
ds
x

i x = y dS
2

i y = x dS
2

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

"!(!A' !' 1 ("!

di y = x dS i y =
2

xn

x1

x dS

y 2
x dy
0

dy

dx
Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

xn
2
dx
x
=

x 1 ydx

"!(!A' !' 1 ("!

4"NA O*!' 3' 1 ("!P8 )'!#'> EF') @< #'

2 i =n 2
2 3 i =n 2
i y = d x i y i C si = d ri y i C si
3 i =1
3 i =1

dx
Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

"!(!A' !' 1 ("!

x 4A' 4( '!3'("!
di x = y dS = i x =
2

xn

x1

dS

y 2
y dy
0

dy

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

dx

1 xn 3
dx = x y dx
3 1


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t

( )

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2u 2u 2u
u
u
u
u
p

+ u
+ v
+ w
=
+ 2 + 2 + 2
x
t
x
y
z
x
y
z
2v
v
v
v
v
p
2v
2v

+ u
+ v
+ w
=
+ 2 + 2 + 2
x
t
x
y
z
y
y
z
2w 2w 2w
w
w
w
w
p

+ u
+ v
+ w
=
+ 2 +
+
x
t
x
y
z
z
y 2 z 2
Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009


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: #%&" * +&,* -." &01 234
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u =v =w = 0
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=
=
=
= 2 = 2 = 2 =0
t x y z x
y
z
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p
p
p
= g
=0
=0
z
y
x

. GN > 9M .H, GN ,: ":Q> R %&*

dp
= g dp = gdz p = gz + c
Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009
dz


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: #%&" * +&,* -." &01 234
VK  * *CM >6+U <S& TB 9& :0C+
p 0 , YZ[ M 7 YZ[\ 1 -.&

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p = p 0 gz
:  G7B" A=" %& _^] GR 9: S* 9& 7M *4+

p = p 0 + gz
Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009


:K> 6+ YZ[ T 1
:"Tb%= * VK >6+ 0de& YZ[ T >K%

F = p .n .dS
S

:("4 -.")&7" 9!

F = ( p 0 + gz ).ds
S

:\1

z .dS = m x
x

9& 1 "1&6 :7 H%

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

 :K> 6+ YZ[ T 1

:"Tb%= * VK >6+ 0de& YZ[ T >K%
& =&Z* G.* * VK "1 :JCK


*

hDhc h

z
c

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

GAQ H0*
G. -! T 0d_ "KA:

 :K> 6+ YZ[ T 1

:"Tb%= * VK >6+ 0de& YZ[ T >K%
&0g4% VK> 6+ -.& -! T :JCK


>6+ , YZ[ & YZN
&VK6 6%< S

F1

>6+ ( , YZ[ )YZN

&VK6 6< S

hDhc h

F2

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

c
D

GAQ H0*
G. -! T 0d_ "KA:

 :K> 6+ YZ[ T 1

:"Tb%= * VK >6+ 0de& YZ[ T >K%
&0g4% VK> 6+ -.& -! T :JCK

F = F1 + F2 = ( p 0 + gh ).n1ds + p 0 .n 2ds =
S

p 0 (n1 + n 2 )ds + gh .n1ds
S

n1 = 1







n 2 = n1 (n1 + n 2 )ds = 0
S




F = g h .n1ds
S

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

 :K> 6+ YZ[ T 1

:"Tb%= * VK >6+ 0de& YZ[ T >K%
&0g4% VK> 6+ -.& -! T :JCK
G*7 ^ 2i4 0^ 7&M * VK=&

F = g hds .n1 F = g hds

S
S
:

F = g hds

:4M

h = z .sin F = g .sin zds

S

:"1&6 :7 H%\ 1

M x = zds = S .z C

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA

2009
S

 :K> 6+ YZ[ T 1

:"Tb%= * VK >6+ 0de& YZ[ T >K%
&0g4% VK> 6+ -.& -! T :JCK

F = g sin .z C S = ghC S
hC , z

\1
C

"1& GAd H0& ,> 6+ JCK4& G.& d1#" 1& GAd H0* & = 

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

 :K> 6+ YZ[ T 1

:"Tb%= * VK >6+ 0de& YZ[ T >K%
&0g4% VK> 6+ -.& -! T :JCK
: &-! T 0d_ "KA:
VK*" A* 1 H%& ,*

dM = dF .z = ghdS .z = gz .sin .dS .z

dM = g .sin .z 2dS M = .g .sin z 2dS

S

M = .g .sin .I x
I x = z C2 .S + I C
M = .g .sin (z C2 .S + I C )
Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

 :K> 6+ YZ[ T 1

:"Tb%= * VK >6+ 0de& YZ[ T >K%
&0g4% VK> 6+ -.& -! T :JCK
: &-! T 0d_ "KA:
":d "S * 4M

M = F .z D .g .hC .S .z D = .g .sin (z C2 .S + I C )
hC = z C .sin
.g .z C .sin .S .z D = .g .sin (z C2 .S + I C )

IC
z D = zC +
zCS

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009

 :K> 6+ YZ[ T 1

:"Tb%= * VK >6+ 0de& YZ[ T >K%
&0g4% VK> 6+ -.& -! T :JCK
-! H0* GAQ H0* = "!& 1 447&M

IC
e = z D zC =
zCS
IC , g ,S > 0 e > 0
A! VK VCgM &41 <6+ JCK4M GAQ H0* G& . YZ[ H0* -AM

Dr. HEITHAM ISSA 2009