Reported Speech

Was arranged to complete structure task of English

Lecturer :
Maslihatul Umami, S.PdI., M,A.



By:
Anik Ariyanti T.M
Mohammad Roisul Ashdaq







SALATIGASTATE INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC STUDIES
2014/2015


PREFACE
In the name Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful praise be to Allah, the lord of the
world. Pray and peace be upon the prophet of islam, Muhammad SAW his family,
companions and all his follows. Thanks to Allah because of his mercy and blessing for this
humble work entitled Noun Clauses and Reported Speechcan be finished. Shalawat and
salam always dedicated to our prophet Muhammad PBUH who have broke us from the
darkness to the lightness, from the traditional mass until modern mass. We hope, we will
gived a his aid in the Judgment Day.
This paper explain about How to use and create noun clauses and reported speech.
And identfy them in a text.
However, we believes that there are many lacks and faults in this paper. Therefor,
critics and corrections from the readers are needed to have this work more accurate and
perfect.
Finally, we say thanks to the whole side who helped us on the formulated this paper
from opening until ending, may be usefull for all. May Allah always blessing our effort.
Aamin.




Salatiga, Oct 2nd 2014




Contents
CHAPTER I................................................................................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER II .............................................................................................................................................. 5
A. Definition of reported speech ..................................................................................................... 5
B. Reported Speech of statement ................................................................................................... 5
C. Reported Speech of Questions ................................................................................................... 6
D. Reported Speech of Commands, Request and sugesstion ......................................................... 6
E. Verbs in Reported Speech ........................................................................................................... 7
F. Tenses That Change in Reported Speech .................................................................................... 8
G. Modals That Change in Reported Speech ................................................................................... 9
H. Adverbs That Change in Reported Speech ................................................................................ 10
CHAPTER III ........................................................................................................................................... 12
A. Conclution ................................................................................................................................. 12
B. Closing ....................................................................................................................................... 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................... 13












CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

English language is language of international. With mastery English language, so we can
to communicate with many foreigners. In addition, we will can add knowledge. In this
paper, we can discuss about reported speech. Reported speech (sometimes called Indirect
speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be
word for word.While this is okay for sharing stories with friends, this is not the best way to
report a conversation, either in speech or in writing. Kinds of reported speech are: reported
speech of questions, commands and statement. Changes of reported speech there are tenses,
modals, adverbs.












CHAPTER II

A. Definition of reported speech

Reported Speech is a way how we report what someone has said by changing
some of the words said, but retaining the same meaning. Reported speech
sometimes called Indirect speech.
Example:
1. My mother told me, "You have to work harder in the school, or you will fail."
. It shows a better education to use reported speech:
My mother told me that I had to work harder or that I would fail.
2. Ashdaq says: Could you help me?
It show a better education you use reported speech:
Ashdaq says that he asked us to help him.

B. Reported Speech of statement
we generally use that:
In short sentences, we often drop that, but in writing it is a good idea to use it allthetime, even
for short sentences.
NOTE: In reported speech, we repeatthat after and, but and or.
Example: She said that he was hungry and that he wanted to eat soon
NOTE: There are no commas before or after and, but or or in reported speech.
Example: He told me that he had never been to France butthat he wanted to go.
NOTE: There are no commas before or after That.
Example: They promised us that they would tell the truth.
C. Reported Speech of Questions

we use if/whether for yes/no questions. And, the appropriate question words (what,who,
where, when, how, why) for information questions:
Example:
1) Do you go to school every day?
2) Where is your father working these days?
3) Are they going to the picnic?
4) How much did that bookcost?
NOTE:
A question with ischanges towas
A question with arechanges towas/Ade
A question with didchanges to the past perfect (had + past participle).
A question with dochanges to the simple past.
A question with doeschanges to the simple past
The present perfect also changes to the past perfect.
The question word (under the W) is if for all yes/no (XSV) questions.
There are no commas and no question marks in reported questions

Here are the reported speech forms of the questions above:
1) He asked me whether I went to school every day.
2) He asked me where my father was workingthose days.
3) He asked me if they were goingto the picnic
4) He asked me how much that book hadcost.
D. Reported Speech of Commands, Request and
sugesstion
The structure is:
Reporting verb + object + to infinitive

Example:
She told her daughter to eat
The Officer ordered me not to run
The girl askedJohnto tell her how to read the word
.Mother advised Amy to do her homework.
E. Verbs in Reported Speech

The following verbs must be used with an indirect object:
(There is no to before these indirect objects)
Example:
He toldme that he was hungry.
We informedher that the store was closed.
He remindedthe staff that the meeting was at 8 PM.

The following verbs may be used with an indirect object, but the indirect object is
optimal.
(There is no to before these indirect objects)
Example:
He askedhis wife why she was so angry. OR, He asked why she was so angry
We asked[her] where her husband was.
He answered[me] that he couldn't help.
She promised[him] that she would staf.
The following verbs need to before the indirect object. For any verb that needs to before
the indirect object, the indirect object is optional:
Example:
He said tome that he was the chief of police.
He said[to his wife] that he was hungry.
We explained[to her] why we had been late.
She exclaimed[to the boy] that she was furious.
They complained[to us] that the room was too cold.

F. Tenses That Change in Reported Speech

If the reporting verb is in the Present or Future tense (e.g., say, will say) there is no
change in the tense of the verb in the Indirect speech.
Antony says, I eat a mango. (D.S.)
Antony says, that he eats a mango. (I.S.)
If Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense. the tense of the verbs in the reported speech or
Indirect Speech must be generally changed

Present Tense in the Direct becomes past tense.
Johnsi said, I write a letter. (D.S)
Johnsi said that he wrote a letter. (I.S)

Past Tense in the direct becomes past perfect or remains unchanged.
Angel said, I bought a pen yesterday. (D.S)
Angel said that she had bought a pen the day before. (I.S)

Present Continuous in the direct becomes past continuous.
John said, I am going to Church every sunday. (D.S)
John said that he was going to Church every sunday. (I.S)

Past Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.
Nelson said, I was playing cricket. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had been playing cricket. (I.S)

Present Perfect in the direct becomes past perfect.
Kamal said, I have done my home work. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had done his home work. (I.S)



Present Perfect Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.
He said, I have been reading a novel. (D.S)
He said that he had been reading a novel. (I.S)

G. ModalsThat Change in Reported Speech

Can - could I asked him, "Can I see your sister?"
I asked him if I could see his sister.

Shall - should She asked, "Shall I call you later?"
She asked if she should call me later.

Will - would He told them, "I'll help you tomorrow."
He told them that he would help them the following day.

May - might She said, "I may study tonight."
She said that she might study that night.

Must - hadto He said, "I must see a doctor soon."
He said that he hadto see a doctor soon.






H. Adverbs That Change in Reported Speech












Some verbs and verb combinations have no change in the reported form. Don't change the past perfect
(had + p.p.), the unreal (present or past), or any combination with could, should, would, or might.

past perfect He said, "My father hadalreadydied before I graduated."
He said that his father hadalreadydied before he had graduated.

present He said, "I wouldhelp the homeless if I were mayor."
unreal He said that he wouldhelp the homeless if he were mayor.

past She said, "I wouldhavegiven the answer if I hadknown it."
unreal She said that she wouldhavegiven the answer if she hadknown it.

could I said, "I could run faster when I was young."
This that
these those
here there
tomorrow the following day or
the next month the following month
today that day
tonight that night
this afternoon that afternoon
yesterday the day before or
the previous day
last year the year before or
the previous year
last night the night before or
the previous night
I said that I could run faster when he had been young.

should He said, "You shouldget married."
He said that I shouldget married.
should have She said, "I shouldhaveworn a better dress yesterday."
She said that she shouldhaveworn a better dress the day before.

might I said, "I mightgo to the Statue of Liberty."
I said that I mightgo to the Statue of Liberty












CHAPTER III
A. Conclution
1. Reported speech (sometimes called Indirect speech), doesn't use quotation
marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.

2. When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use
reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the
person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in
the past too.



B. Closing
Well, this paper may be useful for people who read it and add insight to the people who
read this paper. And the authors apologize if there are errors in writing words and
sentences that are not clear, understand, and please do not be straight forwardly
incorporated into heart. And we also expect that this paper will increase reading
motivation and reaching dream they want, because I made this paper has a very deep
significance.
Well, that is all from us, hopefully it will give thing valuable and we thank you profusely









BIBLIOGRAPHY

Everyday English. Robert J. Dixson, M.A. 1957. United States of America : Regents Publishing
Company, Inc., 1957. 57-14786.
Ann Raime, How English Work, Page 282.
Rudy Hariyono-Andrew Mc. Carthy, ABC Plus English Grammar, Page 506.
Betty Schrampfer Azar, Fundamentals of English Grammar, Page 366.
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.html
http://www.weblearn.in/direct_speech/