State: ANDHRA PRADESH

Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: MEDAK

1.0 District Agriculture profile

1.1



Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone
Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Deccan Plateau (Telangana) And Eastern Ghats (7.2)
Agro-Climatic Region (Planning
Commission)
Southern Plateau hills Region (X)
Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Northern Telangana Zone (AP-4, AP-5)
List all the districts or part thereof falling
under the NARP Zone
Medak , Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar, parts of Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda.
Geographic coordinates of district Latitude Latitude Altitude

17
0
27 0 - 18
0
19 N

17
0
27 0 - 18
0
19 E

442m AMSL
Name and address of the concerned ZRS/
ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS
RARS ,Warangal-506007
Mention the KVK located in the district KVK DDS Located at Zaheerabad
1.2



Rainfall Normal
RF(mm)
Normal
Rainy
days
(no)
Normal Onset
( specify week and month)
Normal Cessation
(specify week and month)
SW monsoon (June-Sep): 708 40 2
nd
week of June

2
nd
week of October
NE Monsoon(Oct-Dec): 105 5 Negligible


Winter (Jan- Feb) 11 2 - -
Summer (Mar-May) 55 5 - -


2
Annual 1001 52 - -
1.3

Land use
pattern of the
district (latest
statistics)

Geographical
Area
Forest area Land under
non-
agricultural use
Permanent
pastures
Cultivable
wasteland
Land under
Misc. tree
crops and
groves
Barren and
uncultivable
land
Current
fallows
Other
fallows
Area (000 ha)

970.0 91.4 70.3 30.2 20.0 3.8 59.8 131.5 105.1

1. 4



Major Soils (common names like shallow
red soils etc.,)
Area (000 ha) Percent (%) of total
1. Sandy loams 324 55
2. Black Clay Loams 260 44
3. Laterite soils 6 1
Others (specify):
1.5


Agricultural land use Area (000 ha) Cropping intensity %
Net sown area 424.8 125.3
Area sown more than once 107.6
Gross cropped area 532.3



3

1.6 Irrigation Area (000 ha)
Net irrigated area 138.6
Gross irrigated area 200.6
Rainfed area 286.2
Sources of Irrigation Number Area (000 ha) Percentage of total irrigated area
Canals 1.9 1.2
Tanks 3.3 2.1
Open wells
Bore wells 147.6 95.8
Lift irrigation
Micro-irrigation
Other sources 1.34 0.9
Total Irrigated Area 154.1 100.0
Pump sets
No. of Tractors
Groundwater availability and use* (Data
source: State/Central Ground water
Department /Board)
No. of blocks/
Tehsils / Mandals
(%) area

Over exploited 12 25
Critical 9 20
Semi- critical 13 25
Safe 12 25
Wastewater availability and use
Ground water quality Ec-610-3200Microsiemens/cm. chlorides-21-400. Florides-<1.5
*over-exploited: groundwater utilization > 100%; critical: 90-100%; semi-critical: 70-90%; safe: <70%


4
Area under major field crops & horticulture etc. (2008-09)
1.7

Major Field Crops cultivated
Area (000 ha)
Kharif Rabi Summer Total
Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed
1 Maize - 103 3 106
2 Rice 62 - 31 - - 93
3 Jowar - 26 23 49
4 Sugarcane 28 - - - - 28
5 Cotton 25 25
6 Sunflower 2 - 14 16
7 Safflower - - - 8.2 - 8.2
8 Groundnut 2 2
Pulses
1 Green Gram 48 48
2 Bengal gram 36 36
3 Red gram 24 24
4 Blackgram 20 20


Horticulture crops - Fruits
Total area(000 ha)
1 Mango 6.2
2 Banana 2.7
Horticultural crops Vegetables
1 Chillies 5.2
2 Tomato 4.6
3 Onion 4.2
4 potato 2.8
5. beans 2.7
Flowers
1 Crossandra 16.0


5

1.8



Livestock Male (number) Female (number) Total (number)
Non descriptive Cattle (local low yielding) 271.4 192.4 463.8
Crossbred cattle 10.5 8.5 19.0
Non descriptive Buffaloes (local low yielding) 97.3 353.8 451.2
Graded Buffaloes
Goat 549.3
Sheep 1062.5
Others (Camel, Pig, Yak etc.) 37.4
Commercial dairy farms (Number)
1.9 Poultry No. of farms Total No. of birds (number)
Commercial 7399.3
Backyard 980.4
1.10

Fisheries (Data source: Chief Planning Officer)
A. Capture
i) Marine (Data Source: Fisheries
Department)
No. of fishermen Boats Nets Storage
facilities (Ice
plants etc.)
Mechanized Non-
mechanized
Mechanized
(Trawl nets,
Gill nets)
Non-mechanized
(Shore Seines,
Stake & trap nets)
ii) Inland (Data Source: Fisheries
Department)
No. Farmer owned ponds No. of Reservoirs No. of village tanks
3 3 686238
B. Culture
Water Spread Area (ha) Yield (t/ha) Production (000 tons)
i) Brackish water (Data Source: MPEDA/
Fisheries Department)
- -
ii) Fresh water (Data Source: Fisheries
Department)
2 - -
Plantation crops Total area(000 ha)
1 Turmeric 3.0
Total fodder crop area 0.3
Grazing land 30
Sericulture etc 15 ha
Others (Specify)Total flowers 82 ha


6
Others - 7.0

1.11

Production
and
Productivity
of major
crops
(Average of
last 5 years:
2004,05,06,
07, 08)
Kharif

Rabi Summer



Total Crop
residue
as
fodder
(000
tons)
Production
('000 t)
Productivity
(kg/ha)
Production
('000 t)
Productivity
(kg/ha)
Production
('000 t)
Productivity
(kg/ha)
Production
('000 t)
Productivity
(kg/ha)
Major Field crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage)

1 Maize 428.9 4222
2 Rice 281.49 3033
3 Green gram 45 852
4 Sugarcane 4173.5 80107
5 Jowar 54.9 1228
6 Bengalgram 37.4 993
7 Redgram 12.0 504
Others Blackgram 14.7 696
Major Horticultural crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage)
Horticulture crops - Fruits
1 Mango 51.803 8267
2

Banana 87.632 30000
Horticultural crops - Vegetables
1 Chillies 14517 2750
2 Tomato 87.438 19000
3 Onion 72.873 17000
4 potato 54.013 19000
5 beans 27.583 10333
Horticultural crops- Flowers
1 Crossandra 0.700 14000
Plantation crops


7
1 Turmeric 18.393 6200

1.12 Sowing window for 5 major
field crops
(start and end of normal
sowing period)
Maize Paddy Sugarcane Cotton
Greengram

Kharif- Rainfed June 2
nd
to July 2
nd
week June 2
nd
week to
July 1
st
week
June 2
nd

fortnight
Kharif-Irrigated June 1
st
week to July
3
rd
week
- -
Rabi- Rainfed
Rabi-Irrigated November December Dec Jan - -

1.13 What is the major contingency the district is prone to?
(Tick mark and mention years if known during the
last 10 year period)

Regular
Occasional
None
Drought
Flood


High intense storms

Cyclone
Hail storm
Heat wave
Cold wave
Frost

Sea water inundation

Pests and diseases (specify)

Rice: stem borer, Gundhi bug,
Leaf folder, BPH, Blast, sheath-
blight
Maize: stem borer
Greengram : YMV, Maruca
borer
Redgram & Bengalgram : Wilt,
Helicoverpa Pod borer
Sugarcane: ESB
Rice: Hispa,
Sugarcane Whip smut,
Leafhoppers,
Wooly Aphid



8
Cotton : Sucking pests, Leaf
spots


1.14 Include Digital maps of
the district for
Location map of district within State as Annexure I

Enclosed: Yes
Mean annual rainfall as Annexure 2 Enclosed: Yes
Soil map as Annexure 3 Enclosed: Yes



9
ANNEXURE-I
LOCATION MAP OF MEDAK WITH IN ANDHRA PRADESH



10
ANNEXURE-II
MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL



11
ANNEXURE-III


12

2.0 Strategies for weather related contingencies
2.1 Drought
2.1.1 Rainfed situation
Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Early season
drought
(delayed onset)
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Change in crop/cropping
system
Agronomic measures Remarks on
Implementation
Delay by 2
weeks (Upto
June end)


Rainfed Black
Soils
Maize No change Select short duration hybrid
(KH-510, DHM-115)
Thinning & Mulching
During Pre Kharif
wide campaign on
contingency plan
to be taken up by
extension officers
Greengram Prefer short duration, YMV
Resistant varieties
Jowar Prefer dual purpose Jowar
varieties
Redgram Prefer resistant medium
duration cultivars (Maruthi,
PRG-158, LRG-30)
Redgram + Maize
(Intercrop)
Selection of medium /short
duration varieties
Cotton Selection of short duration BT
Cotton hybrids

Rainfed Red
Chalka soils
Cotton
Maize
Redgram







13
Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Early season
drought
(delayed onset)
Major Farming
situation


Normal Crop/cropping
system
Change in crop/cropping
system
Agronomic measures Remarks on
Implementation
Delay by 4
weeks (July 2
nd

Week)
Black Soils Rainfed Maize No change


Greengram Maize, Cotton

Jowar
Redgram No change
Redgram +Maize (Intercrop)
Cotton
Rainfed Red
Chalka soils
Cotton
Maize
Red gram
Maize
Red gram

Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Early season
drought
(delayed onset)
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Change in crop/cropping
system
Agronomic measures Remarks on
Implementation
Delay by 6 weeks
(July 4
th
week)
Black Soils Rainfed Maize Redgram, castor

Wilt resistant medium
duration varieties of
Redgram
-
Greengram
Jowar
Redgram Wilt resistant medium
duration (Maruthi, PRG-
158)
Redgram + Maize(Intercrop) Redgram Selection of medium / short
duration varieties, adopting
closer spacing
Cotton Redgram, castor
Rainfed Chalka
soils
Cotton Redgram, castor, sunflower Selection of medium
duration hybrids
Maize Redgram (Maruti PRG-158),
castor


14
Redgram
Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Early season
drought (delayed
onset)
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Change in crop/cropping
system
Agronomic measures Remarks on
Implementation
Delay by 8 weeks
(Specify month)
Rainfed Black Soils Maize, Greengram, Jowar,
Redgram, Redgram +Maize,
Cotton
Redgram (Wilt resistant
medium duration variety
Maruthi, PRG-158)

closer spacing (90cm
between rows)
horsegram

Rainfed chalka
soils


Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Early season
drought (Normal
onset)
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Crop management Soil nutrient &
moisture conservation
measues
Remarks on
Implementation
Normal onset
followed by 15-20
days dry spell after
sowing leading to
poor
germination/crop
stand etc.
Rainfed Black
Soils
Maize Gap filling.
If population is sparse, re-
sowing may be taken-up with
short duration hybrids.
- -
Greengram control whitefly which
transmits YMV
Jowar Resowing
Redgram Resowing
Redgram + Maize (Intercrop) Re-sowing medium and short
duration varieties
Rainfed Red Chalka
soils
Cotton Gap filling

Systemic insecticide to control
sucking pests.

Maize If population is sparse, re-
sowing of short duration
hybrids.
Redgram If population is sparse, re-
sowing with medium duration
cultivars.


15


Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Mid season
drought (long dry
spell, consecutive 2
weeks rainless
(<2.5 mm) period)
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Crop management Soil nutrient &
moisture conservation
measues
Remarks on
Implementation
At vegetative phase Rainfed Black Soils Cotton Stem application of systemic
insecticides of control sucking
pests.
Foliar spray 2% urea
With receipt of rains after
cessation of drought, apply
booster dose of top dress with
nitrogen
Frequent inter-
cultivation to control
weeds and to conserve
moisture.

-
Maize Top dress higher dose of
nitrogen to boost the growth
after receipt of rains
Sunflower Foliar spray of urea @ 2% to
sustain the crop during drought
Rainfed Red Chalka
Soils
Maize Irrigate alternate row to protect
the crop if water is available.

Top dress urea after
supplemental irrigation to
boost the growth
Cotton Irrigate alternate row to protect
the crop.

Top dress urea after
supplemental irrigation to
boost the growth.
Sunflower Irrigate alternate row to protect
the crop.



16
Top dress urea after
supplemental irrigation to
boost the growth.
Greengram Irrigate alternate row if
irrigation is available





Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Mid season
drought (long dry
spell)
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Crop management Soil nutrient & moisture
conservation measure
s

Remarks on
Implementation
At reproductive
stage
Rainfed black soils Maize , Cotton, Sunflower,
Greengram, Redgram
Foliar spry with 2% urea -
Rainfed Red Chalka
Soils
Maize , Cotton, Sunflower,
Greengram, Redgram
Life saving irrigation if water
is available
Digging of farm
ponds

Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Terminal drought Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Crop management Rabi Crop planning Remarks on
Implementation
Rainfed Black Soils Maize , Cotton, Sunflower,
Greengram, Redgram
Spray 2% urea or 1% KNO
3
life saving irrigation
Normal rabi crops like
sunflower and Chickpea
under residual soil
moisture conditions incase
rain received during
second fortnight of
October

-
Rainfed Red Chalka
Soils
Maize, Cotton Spray 2% urea or 1% KNO
3
life saving irrigation
Normal rabi sowing with
less water requirement
crops like Jowar,
safflower, sunflower,
chickpea



17
2.1.2 Irrigated situation
Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping system Change in
crop/cropping
system
Agronomic measures Remarks on
Implementation
Delayed release of
water in canals due
to low rainfall
NA



18

Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Change in
crop/cropping system
Agronomic measures Remarks on
Implementation
Limited release of
water in canals due
to low rainfall
NA


Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Change in
crop/cropping system
Agronomic measures Remarks on
Implementation
Non release of
water in canals
under delayed
onset of monsoon
in catchment
NA Rice Sunflower
Redgram
Open dead furrow to conserve
soil moisture


Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Change in
crop/cropping system
Agronomic measures Remarks on
Implementation
Lack of inflows
into tanks due to
insufficient
/delayed onset of
monsoon
Light& Heavy Soils
Irrigated
Rice-Rice Rice-Sunflower
Rice-Maize


Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Change in
crop/cropping system
Agronomic measures Remarks on
Implementation
Insufficient
groundwater
recharge due to
low rainfall
Light& Heavy Soils
Irrigated
Rice Sunflower
Redgram

Irrigate at critical stages

Discourage rice.
Grow less water requiring



19
Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Major Farming
situation
Normal Crop/cropping
system
Change in
crop/cropping system
Agronomic measures Remarks on
Implementation
crops.

Redgram, chickpea,
sunflower, safflower etc.


2.2 Unusual rains (untimely, unseasonal etc) (for both rainfed and irrigated situations)
Condition Suggested contingency measure
Continuous high
rainfall in a short span
leading to water
logging (or) high speed
winds in a short span
Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post harvest
Maize Drain out excess water
Take-up plant protection
measures
Drain out excess water.
Timely Plant protection
Measures are to be taken up
Drain out excess water Shifting of cobs immediately after
drying
Rice
Cotton
Redgram
Jowar
Horticulture crops Fruits
Mango Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea 2%
solution 2-3 times.
Wind damaged branches
should be pruned using
disinfected secatures and cut
ends must be smeared with
Bordeaux paste
Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Spray 1% KNO3 or
Urea 2% solution 2-3
times.

Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Harvest the mature
produce in a clear
sunny day

Store the fruits in well
ventilated place temporarily
before it can be marketed.
Market the fruits as soon as
possible.
Banana Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Use ripening chambers for
quick ripening


20
Inter-cultivate the soil with
gorru for aeration.
Spray 0.5 % KNO3 or Urea
2% solution 2-3 times.
Topdressing of booster dose
of 80 g MOP + 100 g Urea per
plant at two to three times
intervals.
Gap filling may be taken up if
the plants are two weeks old
and sowing window is still
available for the crop.
If the age of the plant is less
than three months and
submergence up to three feet
better to replant the garden.
Wind damaged branches
should be pruned using
disinfected secatures and cut
ends must be smeared with
Bordeaux paste
Spray 0.5 % KNO3 or
Urea 2% solution 2-3
times.
Topdressing of booster
dose of 80 g MOP + 100
g Urea per plant at two
to three times intervals.
If the age the plant is
more than three months
and less than seven
months allow one sword
sucker for ratoon and
take up fertilization at
monthly intervals for
four months.
Staking with bamboos to
prevent further lodging.
Harvest the marketable
bunches in a clear
sunny day.
Spray 0.5 % KNO3 or
Urea 2% solution 2-3
times for quick
development of
immature bunches.
Staking with bamboos
to prevent further
lodging.
Market the produce as soon as
possible.
Horticultural crops - Vegetables
Chilies Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3
times.
Topdressing of booster dose
of 15 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea
per acre as soon as possible.
Gap filling may be taken up if
the plants are two weeks old
and sowing window is still
available for the crop.
In case of severe damage
(considered as complete
economical loss), and the
contingency period is between
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% solution
2-3 times.
Topdressing of booster
dose of 15 kg MOP + 30
kg Urea per acre as soon
as possible.

Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Harvest the matured
fruits in a clear sunny
day.


Dry the pods on concrete floor
immediately after the
appearance of sunlight (or).
Use poly house solar driers for
quick drying
Grade the pods and market as
soon as possible.
Do not store such produce for
long periods.


21
June to August, sowing of
best alternative crop must be
taken up.
Tomato Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3
times.
Topdressing of booster dose
of 12 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea
per acre as soon as possible.
Gap filling may be taken up if
the plants are two weeks old
and sowing window is still
available for the crop.
In case of severe damage
(considered as complete
economical loss), and the
contingency period is between
June to August, sowing of
best alternative crop must be
taken up.
Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Harvest the marketable
fruits in a clear sunny
day

Store the harvested fruits in
well ventilated place
temporarily before it can be
marketed.
Market the fruits as soon as
possible.
Onion .Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3
times.

Drain the excess
water as soon as
possible
Harvest the mature
produce in a clear
sunny day

Dry the harvested onions in
thin layers under shade in
well ventilated places
Store the produce in well
ventilated place temporarily
before it can be marketed.
Market the produce as soon
as possible.
Potato
Beans
Horticulture flowers
Crossandra Drain the excess water as soon as
possible
Spray Urea 2% or 1% KNO3
solution 2-3 times.

Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% or 1%
KNO3 solution 2-3
times.

Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% or 1%
KNO3 solution 2-3
times.
Harvest the
marketable flowers as
soon as possible
Store the flowers in well
ventilated place temporarily
before it can be marketed.
Market the flowers as soon
as possible
Spices & Plantation


22
crops
Turmeric Drain the excess water as soon as
possible
Spray Urea 2% or 1% KNO3
followed by Ferrous Sulphate
0.5% + Citric Acid 0.1 %
solution 2-3 times.
Topdressing of booster dose of
40 kg MOP + 50 kg Urea along
with 250 kg of Neem Cake per
acre as soon as possible.
In case of severe damage
(considered as complete
economical loss or if inundation
is more than for four days), and
the contingency period is
between June to August, sowing
of best alternative crop must be
taken up.
Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% or 1%
KNO3 solution 2-3
times.

Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Harvest the rhizomes
when field comes to
normal
Dry the rhizomes on concrete
floor or use boilers (if
available ) for processing
immediately
Grade and separate the rotten
and mould affected rhizomes.
Pack the dried material in
gunny bags disinfected with
safe insecticides
Store in a well ventilated
rooms

Outbreak of pests and diseases due to unseasonal rains
Maize Sucking Pest like Thrips Spodoptera
Rice Aphids,Jassids,Mites Heliothis
Cotton Panicle mite in Rice Blast,Sheathblight,Wilt
Redgram
Jowar
Horticulture crops Fruits
Mango
Banana
Horticulture vegetables
Chillies
Tomato
Onion
Potato
Beans


23
Horticulture flowers
Crossandra
Horticulture spice & plantation
Turmeric

2.3 Floods
Condition Suggested contingency measure
Transient water logging/
partial inundation
1
(or)
Continuous
submergence
for more than 2 days
Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest
Maize Drain out excess water
Take-up plant protection
measures
Drain out excess water.
Timely Plant protection
Measures are to be taken up
Drain out excess water


Rice
Cotton
Redgram
Jowar
Horticulture crops Fruits
Mango
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea
2% solution 2-3 times.

Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea
2% solution 2-3 times.

Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Spray 1% KNO3 or
Urea 2% solution 2-3
times.

Drain the excess water as
soon as possible.
Harvest the mature fruits as
soon as possible.
Store the fruits in well
ventilated place temporarily
before it can be marketed.
Market the fruits as soon as
possible.
Banana
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea
2% solution 2-3 times.
Topdressing of booster
dose of 80 g MOP + 100 g
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea
2% solution 2-3 times.
Stake the plants with
bamboos to prevent
Drain the excess water
as soon as possible.
Harvest the mature
bunches as soon as
possible.
use ripening chambers
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray 1% KNO3 or Urea
2% solution 2-3 times.
Topdressing of booster
dose of 80 g MOP + 100 g


24
Urea per plant in two to
three splits at monthly
intervals.
If the age the plant is more
than three months and less
than seven months allow
one sword sucker for
ratoon and take up
fertilization at monthly
intervals for four months.
further lodging.

for quick and uniform
ripening
Store the harvested
bunches in well
ventilated place
temporarily before it
can be marketed.
Market the fruits as
soon as possible.

Urea per plant in two to
three splits at monthly
intervals.
If the age the plant is more
than three months and less
than seven months allow
one sword sucker for
ratoon and take up
fertilization at monthly
intervals for four months.
Horticulture Vegetables
Chilies
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible


Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% solution 2-
3 times.
Topdressing of booster
dose of 15 kg MOP + 30
kg Urea per acre as soon
as possible.
Gap filling may be taken
up if the plants are two
weeks old and sowing
window is still available
for the crop.
Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Spray Urea 2%
solution 2-3 times.
Topdressing of booster
dose of 15 kg MOP +
30 kg Urea per acre as
soon as possible.

Drain the excess water as
soon as possible.
Dry the pods on concrete
floor/ tarpaulins.
Spray any drying oil after
the pods are free from
surface moisture for quick
drying.
Use poly house solar driers
for quick drying
Remove the pest and
disease infected pods.
Market the produce as soon
as possible.
Tomato
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible

Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% solution 2-
3 times.
Topdressing of booster
dose of 10 kg MOP + 30
kg Urea per acre as soon
as possible.

Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Spray Urea 2%
solution once.

Drain the excess water as
soon as possible.
Harvest the mature
produce as soon as
possible.
Store the produce in well
ventilated place
temporarily before it can
be marketed.

Market the produce as
soon as possible.
Onion Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible.


25
Spray Urea 2% solution
2-3 times.
Topdressing of booster
dose of 10 kg MOP + 30
kg Urea per acre as soon
as possible.

Spray Urea 2%
solution once.

Harvest the mature produce
as soon as possible.
Store the produce in well
ventilated place temporarily
before it can be marketed.
Market the produce as soon
as possible.
Potato
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible

Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% solution
2-3 times.
Topdressing of booster
dose of 10 kg MOP + 30
kg Urea per acre as soon
as possible.

Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Spray Urea 2%
solution once.

Drain the excess water as
soon as possible.
Harvest the mature produce
as soon as possible.
Store the produce in well
ventilated place temporarily
before it can be marketed.
Market the produce as soon
as possible.

Beans
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3
times.
Topdressing of booster dose
of 12 kg MOP + 30 kg Urea
per acre as soon as possible.
Gap filling may be taken up
if the plants are two weeks
old and sowing window is
still available for the crop.
In case of severe damage
(considered as complete
economical loss), and the
contingency period is
between June to August,
sowing of best alternative
crop must be taken up.
Intercultivate the soil with
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% solution 2-
3 times.
Topdressing of booster
dose of 12 kg MOP + 30
kg Urea per acre as soon
as possible.

Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Spray Urea 2%
solution once.

Drain the excess water as
soon as possible.
Harvest the mature produce
as soon as possible.
Store the produce in well
ventilated place temporarily
before it can be marketed.
Market the produce as soon
as possible.


26
gorru for better aeration
Spray ferrous sulphate 20g +
citric acid 5g in 10 lit of
water twice at weekly
intervals
Flowers
Crossandra
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% solution 2-3
times.

Drain the excess water
from the field as early as
possible.
Apply booster dose of
nutrients to promote the
growth
Take appropriate measures
to check the soil borne
pathogens and sucking pest
complex.

Drain the excess water
from the field as early
as possible.
Apply booster dose of
nutrients to promote the
growth
Take appropriate
measures to check the
soil borne pathogens
and sucking pest
complex.
Drain the excess water from
the field as early as possible.
Apply booster dose of
nutrients to promote the
growth
Take appropriate measures
to check the soil borne
pathogens and sucking pest
complex.
Harvest the flowers and
market immediately
Spices & plantation
Turmeric
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% or 1%
KNO3 solution 2-3 times.
Spray ferrous sulphate 20g
+ citric acid 5g in 10 lit of
water twice at weekly
intervals
Drain the excess water
as soon as possible
Spray Urea 2% or 1%
KNO3 solution 2-3
times.
Spray ferrous sulphate
20g + citric acid 5g in
10 lit of water twice at
weekly intervals
Drain the excess water as
soon as possible.
Dry the rhizomes on
concrete floor immediately
after the appearance of
sunlight. Mix thoroughly
and periodically for quick
and uniform drying of
surface moisture.
Use boilers and polishers
for processing
Remove and separate the
rotten and mould affected
rhizomes.
Cook and dry the rhizomes
as soon as possible.




27
2.4 Extreme events: Heat wave / Cold wave/Frost/ Hailstorm /Cyclone
Extreme event type Suggested contingency measure
Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest
Heat Wave
Rice Irrigation in early Hours
Sugarcane Mulching
Horticulture Shade Nets,
Fruit Trees 1% Urea Spray, irrigation during night hours
Vegetables Water Spraying


2.5 Contingent strategies for Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries
2.5.1 Livestock
Before the event During the event After the event
Feed and fodder availability
1.Conserving fodder/crop residues/ forest grass by
silage / hay making either by individual or on
community basis
2. Preparing complete diets and storing in strategic
locations
3. Organize procurement of dry fodders / feed
ingredients from surplus areas
4. Establish fodder banks and feed banks
5. Livestock relief camps during floods/cyclones
must be planned in the vicinity of relief camps for
people
6. Capacity building and preparedness
1.Organise relief camps 2.Supply silage / hay to
farmers with productive stock on subsidized
rates
3.Segregate old, weak and unproductive stock
and send for slaughter
4. Supply mineral mixture to avoid deficiencies
5. Dry fodder must be offered to the livestock
in little quantities for number of times
6.Concentrate feed or complete feed must be
offered to only productive and young stock only
1. Capacity building to stake holders on drought
/cyclone/flood mitigation in livestock sector
2. Promote fodder cultivation.
3. Flushing the stock to recoup
4. Avoid soaked and mould infected feeds / fodders
to livestock
5. Replenish the feed and fodder banks
6.Promote fodder preservation techniques like silage
/ hay making


28
Drinking water
1.Construct drinking water tanks in herding
places, village junctions and in relief camp
locations
2.Plan for sufficient number of tanks for water
transportation
3.Identify bore wells, which can sustain demand.
4.Procure sufficient quantities of water
Sanitizers
1.Regular supply of clean drinking water to all
tanks 2.Cleaning the tanks in regular intervals
3.Keep the livestock away from contaminated
flood/cyclone/stagnated waters
3.Add water sanitizers
1.Hand over the maintenance of the structures to
panchayats
2.Sensitize the farming community about
importance of clean drinking water
Health and disease Management
1.Procure and stock emergency medicines and
vaccines for important endemic diseases of the
area
2. All the stock must be immunized for endemic
diseases of the area
3. Carry out deworming to all young stock
4. Keep stock of bleaching powder and lime
5.Carry out Butax spray for control of external
parasites
6.Identify the Clinical staff and trained paravets
and indent for their services as per schedules
7.Identify the volunteers who can serve in need
of emergency
1.Keep close watch on the health of the stock
2.Sick animals must be isolated and treated
Separately.
3. Carry out deworming and spraying to all
animals entering into relief camps
4. Clean the animal houses regularly and apply
disinfectants.
5.Safe and hygienic disposal of dead animal
carcasses
6. Organize with community daily lifting of dung
from relief camps
1.keep close surveillance on disease outbreak.
2.Undertake the vaccination depending on need
3.Keep the animal houses clean and spray
disinfectants




29
Detailed Contingent strategies for Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries
Suggested contingency measures
Before the event During the event After the event
Drought
Feed and
Fodder
availability
As chronically drought prone district, it
should have reserves of the following at any
point of the year for mobilization to the
needy areas (for feeding 5000 ACU
(maintenance ration) for about 1-3 weeks
period)
Silage:20-50 t
Urea molasses mineral bricks
(UMMB):50-100 t
Hay:100-250 t
Concentrates: 20-50 t
Minerals and vitamin supplements
mixture:1-5 t
Establishment of silvi-pastoral system in
CPRs with Stylosanthus hamata and
Cenchrus ciliaris as grass with Leucaena
leucocephala as tree component (or suggest
suitable similar system to your district)
Top dressing of N in 2-3 split doses @ 20-25
kg N/ha in common property resources
(CPRs) like temple lands, panchyat lands or
private property resources (PPRs) like waste
and degraded lands with the monsoon pattern
for higher biomass production
Promote cultivation of short duration fodder
crops of sorghum/bajra/maize(UP chari, MP
chari, HC-136, HD-2, GAINT BAJRA, L-74,
K-677, Ananad/African Tall, Kisan
composite, Moti, Manjari, B1-7
Chopping of fodder should be made as
Harvest and use biomass of dried up crops (Rice, sorghum,
Maize, Bajra, Groundnut, Horse gram, black gram) material
as fodder.
Harvest the tree fodder (Neem, Subabul, Acasia, Pipal etc)
and unconventional feeds resources available and use as
fodder for livestock (LS).
Available feed and fodder should be cut from CPRs and
stall fed in order to reduce the energy requirements of the
animals
Mild drought: hay should be transported to the needy areas
from the near by districts
Moderate drought: hay, silage and vitamin & minerals
mixture should be transported to the needy areas from the
reserves at the district level initially and latter stages from
the near by districts
Severe drought: UMMB, hay, concentrates and vitamin &
mineral mixture should be transported to the needy areas
from the reserves at the district level initially and latter
stages from the near by districts. Educate the farmers about
mixing groundnut/horse gram haulms and paddy straw (1:3)
before feeding the animals. All the hay should be enriched
with 2% Urea molasses solution or 1% common salt
solution and fed to LS
Herd should be split and supplementation should be given
only to the highly productive and breeding animals
Provision of emergency grazing/feeding (Cow-calf camps
or other special arrangements to protect high productive &
breeding stock)
Motivate the farmers to mix the dry fodder with available
kitchen waste while feeding
Concentrates supplementation
should be provided to all the
animals.
The farmers may be advised to
practice flushing the stock to
recoup
Short duration fodder crops of
should be sown in unsown and
crop failed areas where no
further routine crop sowing is
not possible
Supply of quality seeds of fodder
varieties and motivating the
farmers to cultivate at least 10%
of their land holding for fodder
production


30
mandatory in every village through supply
and establishment of good quality chaff
cutters.
Establishment of backed yard cultivation of
Azolla
Harvesting and collection of perennial
vegetation particularly grasses which grow
during monsoon
Proper drying, bailing and densification of
harvested grass from previous season
Creation of permanent fodder, feed and
fodder seed banks in all drought prone
villages
Arrangements should be made for mobilization of small
ruminants across the villages where no drought exits with
subsidized road/rail transportation and temporary shelter
provision for the shepherds
Unproductive livestock should to be culled during severe
drought
Create transportation and marketing facilities for the culled
and unproductive animals (10000-20000 animals)
Supply silage and or hay on subsidized rates to the farmers
having high productive stock
Subsidized loans (5-10 crores) should be provided to the
livestock keepers
Heat wave As the district being chronically prone to heat
waves the following permanent measures are
suggested
i) Plantation of trees like Neem, Pipal,
Subabul around the shed
ii) Spreading of husk/straw/coconut
leaves over the roof top of the
shed
iii) Water sprinklers / foggers in the
animal shed
iv) Application of white reflector paint
on the roof to reduce thermal
radiation effect
Allow the animals preferably early in the morning or late in
the evening for grazing during heat waves
Feed green fodder/silage / concentrates during day time and
roughages / hay during night time in case of heat waves
Put on the foggers / sprinkerlers during heat weaves in case
of high productive animals
In severe cases, vitamin C (5-10ml per litre) and
electrolytes (Electral powder @ 20g per litre) should be
added in water during severe heat waves.

Feed the animals as per routine
schedule
Allow the animals for grazing
(normal timings)
Health and
Disease
managemen
t
Timely vaccination (as per enclosed
vaccination schedule) against all endemic
diseases
Procurement of emergency medicines and
medical kits
Surveillance and disease monitoring network
to be established at Joint Director (Animal
Husbandry) office in the district
Carryout deworming to all animals entering into relief
camps
Identification and quarantine of sick animals
Constitution of Rapid Action Veterinary Force
Performing ring vaccination (8 km radius) in case of any
outbreak
Restricting movement of livestock in case of any epidemic
Rescue of sick and injured animals and their treatment
Conducting mass animal health
camps
Conducting fertility camps
Mass deworming camps
Farmers should be advised to
breed their milch animals during
July-September so that the peak
milk production does not
coincide with mid summer


31


Keeping vigil on disease
outbreak
Insurance Encouraging insurance of livestock Listing out the details of the dead animals Submission for insurance claim
and availing insurance benefit
Purchase of new productive
animals
Drinking
water
Identification of water resources
Rain water harvesting and create water
bodies/watering points (when water is scarce
use only as drinking water for animals)
Construction of drinking water tanks in
herding places/village junctions/relief camp
locations
Restrict wallowing of animals in water bodies/resources

Bleach (0.1%) drinking water /
water sources
Provide clean drinking water


Vaccination programme for cattle and buffalo:
Disease Age and season at vaccination
Anthrax In endemic areas only, Feb to May
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) May to June
Black quarter (BQ) May to June
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) July/August and November/December


Vaccination schedule in small ruminants (Sheep & Goat)
Disease Season
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) Preferably in winter / autumn
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Preferably in January
Black quarter (BQ) May / June
Enterotoxaemia (ET) May
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) March / June
Sheep pox (SP) November




32

2.5.2 Poultry
Suggested contingency measures
Before the event During the event After the event
Drought
Shortage of feed ingredients Storing of house hold grain
like maize, broken rice, bajra
etc, in to use as feed in case of
severe drought

Supplementation only for productive
birds with house hold grain
Supplementation of shell grit (calcium)
for laying birds
Culling of weak birds
Supplementation to all survived
birds
Drinking water Rain water harvesting Sanitation of drinking water Give sufficient water as per the
birds requirement
Health and disease management Culling of sick birds.
Deworming and vaccination
against RD and fowl pox
Mixing of Vit. A,D,E, K and B-complex
including vit C in drinking water (5ml in
one litre water)
Hygienic and sanitation of poultry
house
Disposal of dead birds by burning /
burying with lime powder in pit
Heat wave
Shelter/environment management

Provision of proper shelter
with good ventilation

In severe cases, foggers/water
sprinklers/wetting of hanged gunny bags
should be arranged
Dont allow for scavenging during mid
day
Routine practices are followed

Health and disease management

Deworming and vaccination
against RD and fowl pox

Supplementation of house hold grain
Provide cool and clean drinking water
with electrolytes and vit. C (5-10 ml per
litre)
In hot summer, add anti-stress probiotics
Routine practices are followed



33
in drinking water or feed (Reestobal etc.,
10-20ml per litre)

2.5.3 Fisheries/ Aquaculture

Suggested contingency measures
Before the event During the event After the event
1) Drought
A. Capture
Inland

(i) Shallow water depth due to
insufficient rains/inflow
Stocking of advnced fingerlings in
half or even less than the normal
stocking density or stocking of
common carp seed
Immediate harvesting or decreasing
the density commensurate with the
water quantity.
De weeding and deepening of tank to
ensure retention of water for a longer
period and provision of employment
under MGNREGP
(ii) Changes in water quality
Regular monitoring of water quality
parameters and application of
geolites, soil probiotics, etc to
maintain water qaulity
Immediate harvesting or changing
the water quality by application of
sanitisers.
Removal of top layer, deep ploughing
of tank and application of lime
B. Aquaculture
(i) Shallow water in ponds due to
insufficient rains/inflow
Crop holiday or going for stocking of
yearlings by reducing the density
according to availability of water
Harvesting of fish and leaving the
pond fallow till next season
Removal of top layer, deep ploughing
of tank and application of lime
(ii) Impact of salt load build up in
ponds / change in water quality
Stocking of salinity tolerant fish /
shrimp, application of geolites and
other buffers
Frenquent change of water with
fresh water
Frequent draining of the pond with
fresh water, removal of top layers
2) Floods
A. Capture
Inland

(i) Average compensation paid due to Shifting the people from low lying Deployment of specially trained Payment sufficient ex-gratia to the


34
loss of human life areas to relief camps persons for rescue operations by
providing life bouys, jackets, ropes,
boats, etc
families
(ii) No. of boats / nets/damaged Shifting and relocating boats and nets
to safer places when warnings are
issued, to avoid fishing, etc
Shifting and relocating boats and
nets to safer places
Assessment of damages to boats and
nets and provision of boats and nets
for restoration of livelihoods
(iii) No.of houses damaged Avoidance of construction of houses
in flood prone ares, construction of
pucca houses at elevated places,
Shifting of people by relief boats
to the relief camps
Assessment of damages to houses and
provision of compensation in case of
partial damage and sanction house
under existing schemes
(iv) Loss of stock Avoidance of surface species like
catla, silver carp since they are
vulnerable in tanks prone to floods,
erection of nets across the spill way or
just beyond it
Erection of nets at spill ways Taking up compensatory stocking
(v) Changes in water quality When dissolved oxygen levels go
down, aerators, recirculation of
water, etc are to be attempted to
maintain DO levels, going for
partial harvest, etc

(vi) Health and diseases Sometimes there may be heavy
accumulation of nutrients and organic
matter.
There may be break out of
Heamorrhagic septicimea. Addition
of antibiotics like Chloro Tetra
Cycline or Oxy Tetra Cycline to
the feed to constrol the disease
Removal of weeds, top layer of soil,
deep ploughing of tank and
application of lime, exposing to sun
light
B. Aquaculture
(i) Inundation with flood water Raising and rivetting the bunds,
construction of spill way to release
excess water, erection of nets to avoid
escape of fish
Continuous pumping of excess
water, erection of nets low lying
areas
Strengthening of bunds, excavating
channels along the sides of the ponds
for free escape of water
(ii) Water continuation and changes in
water quality
When dissolved oxygen levels go
down, aerators, recirculation of
water, etc are to be attempted to
maintain DO levels, going for
partial harvest, etc



35
(iii) Health and diseases Sometimes there may be heavy
accumulation of nutrients and organic
matter.
There may be break out of
Heamorrhagic septicimea. Addition
of antibiotics like Chloro Tetra
Cycline or Oxy Tetra Cycline to
the feed to constrol the disease
Removal of weeds, top layer of soil,
deep ploughing of tank and
application of lime, exposing to sun
light
(iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed,
chemicals etc)
Advance erection of nets,
strengthening of bunds where they are
prone to breaches, harvesting or
reducing the density
Suspension of feeding, application
of organic manures
Compensatory stocking, assessment
of values and payment of subsidy on
inputs
(v) Infrastructure damage (pumps,
aerators, huts etc)
Insuring pond, accessories, etc.,
Shifting of aerators, pumps soon after
warnigs are issued
Relocating pumps, aerators to
elevated places
Assessment of damages and provision
of them on subsidy
3. Cyclone / Tsunami
A. Capture
Inland Erection of protective nets acroos the
surplus weir to prevent fish loss due
to overflows
Continuous monitoring to prevent
or minimise escape of fish along
with surplus water
Compensatory stocking of seed
B. Aquaculture
(i) Overflow / flooding of ponds The design of the pond must be in
such a manner as to bail out surplus
water and to prevent loss of stanidng
crop
Continuous monitoring to prevent
or minimise escape of fish along
with surplus water
Compensatory stocking of seed
(ii) Changes in water quality (fresh
water / brackish water ratio)
Recircualtion water to repleish and
ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen
levels in the pond. Maintenance of
salinity levels by pumping in water
from creecks.
Continuation of the same process. Restoration of physical and chemical
parameters
(iii) Health and diseases Removal of stress causing factors to
maintain the health of the animal
Removal of stress causing factors
to maintain the health of the animal
Restoration of physical and chemical
parameters
(iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed,
chemicals etc)
Preventive nets must be erected to
minimise loss of stock
Continuation of the same process. Compensatory stocking of seed
(v) Infrastructure damage (pumps, Pumps, aerators, etc must be protected To avoid use of aerators, pumps Overhauling of the eqipment to


36
aerators, shelters/huts etc) by moving them to safe locations and other appliances prevent from being damaged
4. Heat wave and cold wave
A. Capture
Inland Monitoring dissolved oxygen levels Monitoring dissolved oxygen
levels
No intervention
B. Aquaculture
(i) Changes in pond environment
(water quality)
Reduction of biomass by partial
harvest in the event of heat as the DO
levels will be very low.
Avoidance of fishing Compensatory stocking of seed and
restoration of all physical and
chemical parameters
(ii) Health and Disease management Removal of stress causing factors to
maintain the health of the animal
Removal of stress causing factors
to maintain the health of the animal
Compensatory stocking of seed and
restoration of all physical and
chemical parameters