PRACTICE TEST 49

August 1993
Passage 1
The first jazz musicians played in New Orleans during the early 1900's. After 1917. many
f the New Orleans musicians m!ed t the suth side f "hicag. where they cntinued t play
their style f jazz. #n "hicag was the new$center fr jazz.
#e!eral utstanding musicians emerged as leading jazz artists in "hicag. %aniel &tus
'#atchm' Armstrng( )rn in New Orleans in 1900( was ne. Anther leading musician was
*seph +ing Oli!er. wh is als credited with ha!ing disc!ered Armstrng( when they were
)th in New Orleans. ,hile in "hicag. Oli!er as+ed Armstrng( wh was in New Orleans( t
jin his )and. -n 19./ 0ing Oli!er's "rele *azz 1and made the first imprtant set f recrdings
)y a 2t 3i!e and 2t #e!en )ands under &uis Armstrng als made recrdings f special
nte.
Althugh "hicag4s #uth #ide was the main jazz center( sme musicians in New 5r+
were als demanding attentin in jazz circles. -n 19./ 3letcher 2endersn already had a ten $
piece )and that played jazz. %uring the early 19/04s( the num)er f players grew t si6teen.
2endersn' s )and was cnsidered a leader in what sme peple ha!e called the 1ig 1and 7ra.
1y the 19/04s. )ig dance )ands were the rage. &arge num)ers f peple went t )allrms t
dance t jazz music played )y )ig )ands.
One f the mst ppular and als a !ery famus jazz )and was the %u+e 7ilingtn )and.
7dward '%u+e' 7llingtn was )rn in ,ashingtn( %.".( in 1899 and died in New 5r+ "ity in
1979. 2e studied the pian as a yung )y and later )egan writing riginal musical
cmpsitins. The first f 7llingtn's 7urpean turs came in 19//. 2e sn recei!ed
internatinal fame fr his talent as a )and leader( cmpser. and arranger. Ten years later(
7llingtn )egan gi!ing annual cncerts at "arnegic 2all in New 5r+ "ity. :eple )egan t
listen t jazz in the same way( that they had always listened t classical music.
1. -t can )e inferred frm the passage that &uis Armstrng went t "hicag fr which f the fllwing
reasns;
<A= T frm his wn )and <1= T learn t play "hicag $ style jazz
<"= T play in *seph Oli!er's )and <%= T ma+e recrdings with the 2t 3i!e
2. Accrding t the passage( which f the fllwing 1lac+ )ands was the first t ma+e a significant set f jazz
recrdings;
<A= The 2t #e!en )and <1= 3letcher 2endersn's )and
<"= The >ed 2t :eppers )and <%= 0ing Oli!er's "rele jazz 1and
3. As used in line 1.( the wrd 'nte' culd )est )e replaced )y which f the fllwing;
<A= distinctin <1= memrandum <"= md <%= sng
4. The nic+name '%u+e' )elnged t which f the fllwing )andleaders;
<A= &uis Armstrng <1= *seph Oli!er
<"= 7dward 7llingtn <%= 3letcher 2endersn
5. The passage supprts which f the fllwing cnclusins;
<A= 1y the 19/0's jazz was appreciated )y a wide audience
<1= "lassical music had a great impact n jazz
<"= jazz riginated in New Orleans in the early nineteenth century
<%= jazz )and were )etter +nwn in( 7urpe than in the ?nited #tates
1/
PRACTICE TEST 61 October 1990
6. ,hich f the fllwing cities is NOT mentined in the passage as a center f jazz;
<A= New 5r+ <1= ,ashingtn( %.".
<"= "hicag <%= New Orleans
Passage 2
The mdern age is an age f electricity. :eple are s used t electric lights( radi(
tele!isins( and telephnes that it is hard t imagine what life wuld )e li+e withut them. ,hen
there is a pwer failure( peple grpe a)ut in flic+ering candlelight. "ars hesitate in the streets
)ecause there are n traffic lights t guide them( and fd spils in silent refrigeratrs.
5et( peple )egan t understand hw electricity wr+s nly a little mre than tw
centuries ag. Nature has apparently )een e6perimenting in this field fr millins f years.
#cientists are disc!ering mre and mre that the li!ing wrld may hld many interesting
secrets f electricity that culd )enefit humanity.
All li!ing cells sent ut tiny pulses f electricity. As the heart )eats. it send ut pulses f
recrded electricity@ they frm an electrcardigram( which a dctr can study t determine hw
well the heart is wr+ing. The )rain( t( sends ut )rain wa!es f electricity( which can )e
recrded in an electrencephalgram. The electric currents generated )y mst li!ing cells are
e6tremely small$f$ten s small that sensiti!e instruments are needed t recrd them. 1ut in
sme animals( certain muscle cells ha!e )ecme s specialized as electrical generatrs that
they d nt wr+ as muscle cells at all. ,hen large num)ers f these cells are lin+ed tgether(
the effects can )e astnishing.
The electric eel is an amazing strage )attery. -t can send a jlt f as much as eight
hundred !lts f electricity thrugh the water in which it li!es. An electric huse current is nly
ne hundred twenty !lts.= As many as fur fifths f all the cells in the electric eel4s )dy are
specialized fr generating electricity( and the strength f the shc+ it can deli!er crrespnds
rughly t the length f its )dy.
1. ,hat is the main idea f the passage;
<A= 7lectric eels are ptentially dangerus
<1= 1ilgy and electricity appear t )e clsely related
<"= :eple wuld )e at a lss withut electricity
<%= #cientists still ha!e much t disc!er a)ut electricity
2. The authr mentins all f the fllwing as results f a )lac+ut 7A"7:T
<A= refrigerated fd items may g )ad <1= traffic lights d nt wr+
<"= peple must rely n candlelight <%= ele!atrs and escalatrs d nt functin
3. ,hy des the authr mentin electric eels;
<A= T warn the reader t stay away frm them
<1= T cmpare their !ltage t that used in huses
<"= T gi!e an e6ample f a li!ing electrical generatr
<%= T descri)e a new surce f electrical pwer
4. 2w many !lts f electricity can an electric eel emit;
<A= 1(000 <1= 800 <"= .00 <%= 1.0
5. -t can )e inferred frm the passage that the lnger an eel is the
<A= mre )eneficial it will )e t science <1= mre pwerful will )e its electrical charge
<"= easier it will )e t find <%= tugher it will )e t eat
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TOEFL Reading Co!re"ension
Passage 3
N sner had the first intrepid male a!iatrs safely returned t 7arth than it seemed that
wmen. t( had )een smitten )y an urge t fly. 3rm mere spectatrs( they )ecame willing
passengers and finally pilts in their wn right( pltting their s+ills and daring line against the
hazards f the air and the s+epticism f their male cunterparts. -n ding s they enlarged the
traditinal )unds f a wmen's wrld( wn fr their se6 a new sense f cmpetence and
achie!ement( and cntri)uted handsmely t the prgress f a!iatin.
1ut recgnitin f their a)ilities did nt cme easily. 'Ben d nt )elie!e us capa)le.' the
famed a!iatr Amelia 7arhart nce remar+ed t a friend. '1ecause we are wmen( seldm are
we trusted t d an efficient j).' -ndeed ld attitudes died hardC when "harles &ind)ergh !isited
the #!iet ?nin in i9/8 with his wife( Anne$herself a pilt and gifted prpnent f a!iatin $ he
was astnished t disc!er )th men and wmen flying in the #!iet Air 3rce.
#uch cn!entinal wisdm made it difficult fr wmen t raise mney fr the up $ t $ date
eDuipment they needed t cmpete n an eDual )asis with men. 5et they did cmpete( and
ften they triumphed finally despite the dds.
>uth &aw( whse E90 $ mile flight frm "hicag t 2rnell( New 5r+( set a new nnstp
distance recrd in 191F( e6emplified the resurcefulness and grit demanded f any wman wh
wanted t fly. And when she addressed the Aer "lu) f America after cmpleting her histric
jurney( her plainsp+en wrds testified t a uni!ersal human mti!atin that was unaffected )y
genderC 'By flight was dne with n e6pectatin f reward(' she declared( 'just purely fr the
l!e f accmplishment.'
1. ,hich f the fllwing is the )est title fr this passage;
<A= A &ng 3light <1= ,men in A!iatin 2istry
<"= %angers 3aced )y :ilts <%= ,men #pectatrs
2. Accrding t the passage( wmen pilts were successful in all f the fllwing 7A"7:T
<A= challenging the cn!entinal rle f wmen
<1= cntri)uting t the science f a!iatin
<"= winning uni!ersal recgnitin frm men
<%= )uilding the cnfidence f wmen
3. ,hat can )e inferred frm the passage a)ut the ?nited #tates Air 3rce in 19/8;
<A= -t had n wmen pilts.
<1= -t ga!e pilts handsme salaries.
<"= -t had ld planes that were in need f repair.
<%= -t culd nt )e trusted t d an efficient j).
4. -n their effrts t cmpete with men( early wmen pilts had difficulty in
<A= addressing clu)s <1= flying nnstp
<"= setting recrds <%= raising mney
5. Accrding t the passage( wh said that flying was dne with n e6pectatin f reward;
<A= Amelia 7arhart <1= "harles &ind)ergh
<"= Anne &ind)ergh <%= >uth &aw
1E
PRACTICE TEST 61 October 1990
Passage 4
-nsects' li!es are !ery shrt and they ha!e many enemies( )ut they must sur!i!e lng
enugh t )reed and perpetuate their +ind. The less insect$li+e they l+( the )etter their chance
f sur!i!al. T l+ 'inedi)le' )y resem)ling r imitating plants is a deceptin widely practiced
)y insects. Bammals rarely use this type f camuflage( )ut many fish and in!erte)rates d.
The stic+ caterpillar is well named. -t is hardly distinguisha)le frm a )rwn r green twig.
This caterpillar is Duite cmmn and can )e fund almst anywhere in Nrth America. -t is als
called 'measuring wrm' r 'inchwrm.' -t wal+s )y arching its )dy( than stretching ut and
grasping the )ranch with its frnt feet then lping its )dy again t )ring the hind feet frward.
,hen danger threatens( the stic+ caterpillar stretches its )dy away frm the )ranch at an angle
and remains rigid and still( li+e a twig( until the danger has passed.
,al+ing stic+s( r stic+ insects( d nt ha!e t assume a rigid( twig$li+e pse t find
prtectin@ they l+ li+e inedi)le twigs in any psitin. There are many +inds f wal+ing stic+s(
ranging in size frm the few inches f the Nrth American !ariety t sme trpical species that
may )e !er a ft lng. ,hen at rest their frnt legs are stretched ut. heightening their
camuflage. #me f the trpical species are adrned with spines r ridges. imitating the thrny
)ushes r trees in which they li!e.
&ea!es als seem t )e a fa!rite )ject fr insects t imitate. Bany )utterflies can
suddenly disappear frm !iew )y flding their wings and sitting Duietly amng the fliage that
they resem)le.
1. ,hat is the main su)ject f the passage;
<A= "aterpillars that li!e in trees
<1= The feeding ha)its f insects
<"= 2w sme insects camuflage themsel!es
<%= -nsects that are threatened with e6tinctin
2. -n lines - and 9( the wrd 'enemies' refers t
<A= ther creatures cmpeting fr space <1= e6treme weather cnditins
<"= creatures that eat insects <%= inedi)le insects
3. Accrding t the passage( hw des the stic+ caterpillar ma+e itself l+ li+e a twig;
<A= 1y hlding its )dy stiff and mtinless <1= 1y lping itself arund a stic+
<"= 1y changing the clr f its s+in <%= 1y laying its )dy flat against a )ranch
4. ,hich f the fllwing is true f stic+ insects;
<A= They resem)le their surrundings all the time.
<1= They ma+e themsel!es l+ li+e ther insects.
<"= They are camuflaged nly when wal+ing.
<%= They change clr t ma+e themsel!es in !isi)le.
5. ,hich f the fllwing are NOT mentined in the passage as )jects that are imitated as a means f
prtectin;
<A= Thrns <1= 3lwers <"= &ea!es <%= #tic+s
6. -n which paragraph des the authr descri)e the way in which stic+ caterpillars m!e;
<A= :aragraph ne <1= :aragraph tw
<"= :aragraph three <%= :aragraph fur
7. ,here in the passage des the authr descri)e the ha)itat f trpical stic+ insects;
<A= &ine 7 <1= &ines 10$11
<"= &ines 1/$1E <%= &ines 1F$17
1F
TOEFL Reading Co!re"ension
Passage 5
Anthrplgists ha!e pieced tgether the little they +nw a)ut the histry f left $
handedness and right $ handedness frm indirect e!idence. Thugh early men and wmen did
nt lea!e written recrds( they did lea!e tls( )nes( and pictures. #tne Age hand a6es and
hatchets were made frm stnes that were carefully chipped away t frm sharp cutting edges.
-n sme. the pattern f chipping shws that these tls and weapns were made )y right
handed peple. designed t fit cmfrta)ly int a right hand. Other #tne Age implements were
made )y r fr left$handers :rehistric pictures. painted n the walls f ca!es. pr!ide further
clues t the handedness f ancient peple. A right $ hander finds it easier t draw faces f
peple and animals facing tward the left. whereas a left $ hander finds it easier t draw faces
facing tward the right. 1th +inds f faces ha!e )een fund in ancient painting. On the whle.
the e!idence seems t indicate that prehistric peple were either am)ide6trus r a)ut
eDually li+ely t )e left $ r right $ handed.
1ut( in the 1rnze Age. the picture changed. The tls and weapns fund frm that
perid are mstly made fr right $ handed use. The predminance f right $ handedness amng
humans tday had apparently already )een esta)lished.
1. ,hat is the main tpic f the passage;
<A= The purpse f ancient implements
<1= The significance f prehistric ca!e paintings
<"= The de!elpment f right $ handedness and left $ handedness
<%= The similarities )etween the #tne Age and 1rnze Age
2. ,hich f the fllwing helped lead t cnclusins a)ut whether #tre Age peple preferred ne hand t
the ther;
<A= :etrified frms f !egetatin <1= :atterns f stne chipping
<"= 3ssilized waste material <%= 3ssilized ftprints
3. -n line 8( the wrd 'further' is clsest in meaning t which f the fllwing;
<A= ad!anced <1= additinal <"= artistic <%= factual
2. Accrding t the passage( a persn wh is right $ handed is mre li+ely t draw peple and animals that
are facing
<A= upward <1= dwnward
<"= tward the right <%= tward the left
5. -n line 1/( the wrds 'the picture' refer t which f the fllwing;
<A= 3aces f animals and peple
<1= :eple's !iew frm inside a ca!e
<"= :eple's tendency t wr+ with either hand
<%= The +inds f paint used n ca!e walls
6. ,here in the passage des the authr mentin a type f e!idence that was NOT studied )y
anthrplgists researching the handedness f ancient peple;
<A= &ines .$/ <1= &ines 7$8
<"= &ines 11$1. <%= &ines 19$1E
7. The authr implies that which f the fllwing de!elpments ccurred arund the time f the 1rnze Age
<A= The esta)lishment f written recrds
<1= A change in the styles f ca!e painting
<"= An increase in human s+ill in the handling f tls
<%= The pre!alence f righthandedness
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