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Lecture Notes (Chapter 3.4 Motion in Plane Curve)

1. This chapter discusses vector-valued functions and their derivatives and integrals, which relate position, velocity, and acceleration for objects moving along trajectories. 2. An example particle's position over time is given as a vector function, and its velocity, speed, acceleration, and direction of motion at a time t=2 are calculated. 3. A second example is given where the velocity over time is known, and the position vector as a function of time is derived through integration.

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166 views

Lecture Notes (Chapter 3.4 Motion in Plane Curve)

1. This chapter discusses vector-valued functions and their derivatives and integrals, which relate position, velocity, and acceleration for objects moving along trajectories. 2. An example particle's position over time is given as a vector function, and its velocity, speed, acceleration, and direction of motion at a time t=2 are calculated. 3. A second example is given where the velocity over time is known, and the position vector as a function of time is derived through integration.

Uploaded by

shinee_jayasila2080
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Chapter 3: Vector-Valued Functions





Recall that the derivative of an objects position with respect to time is the velocity,
and the derivative of the velocity is the acceleration.
Similarly, integration of the acceleration gives velocity, and integration of the velocity
gives position.
These concepts can be expressed in terms of vector functions, where












Example 1
A particles position at time t is determined by the vector
3
( ) cos sin t t t t = + + r i j k . Analyze
the particles motion. In particular, find the particles velocity, speed, acceleration, and
direction of motion at time t = 2.
Solution
3
( ) cos sin t t t t = + + r i j k
Velocity,
2
'( ) sin cos 3 t t t t = + + V = r i j k
At time t = 2,
2
(2) sin2 cos2 3(2) 0.91 0.42 12 + + ~ + V = i j k i j k
Position Vector, Velocity and Acceleration
Position Vector, Velocity and Acceleration
An object that moves in such a way that its position at time t is given by the
vector function ( ) t r is said to have:
Position vector, ( ) t r
Velocity, '( )
d
t
dt
= =
r
V r
Acceleration, ''( )
d
t
dt
= =
V
A r

At any time t,
The speed is V , i.e., the magnitude of velocity
The direction of motion is
V
V

2
Chapter 3: Vector-Valued Functions

Speed = ( )
2
2 2 2 4
sin (cos ) (3 ) 1 9 t t t t + + = + V =
At time t = 2, the speed is
4
(2) 1 9(2) 145 + = V =

Acceleration, ''( ) cos sin 6 t t t t = + A=r i j k
At time t = 2, (2) cos2 sin2 6(2) 0.42 0.91 12 = + ~ + A i j k i j k

Direction of motion =
2
4
sin cos 3
1 9
t t t
t
+ +
=
+
V i j k
V

At time t = 2, direction of motion =
(2) 0.91 0.42 12
0.08 0.03
(2) 145
+
= ~ +
V i j k
i j k
V


Example 2
The velocity of a particle is
2
( ) cos 2
t
t t e t = + + v i j k . Find the position of the particle in terms of t if
(0) 3 2 2 = + r i j k .
Solution
Give that
2
( ) cos 2
t
t t e t = + + v i j k , hence the position vector
( ) ( ) t t dt =
}
r r

2
3
1 2 3
cos 2
sin 2
( )
3 2
t
t
t e t dt
t t
c e c c
= + +
| |
| |
= + + + +
| |
\ .
\ .
}
i j k
i j + k

1 2 3
(0) (1 ) c c c = + + r i j + k
Compare with (0) 3 2 2 = + r i j k :
1 2 3
3, 1, 2 c c c = = =

Hence, the position of the particle at time t is:
3
sin 2
( ) 3 ( 1) 2
3 2
t
t t
t e
| |
| |
= + + +
| |
\ .
\ .
r i j + k

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