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Capsules

Capsules come in two main types - hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules. Hard gelatin capsules have a solid shell and can contain dry powders, semisolids or non-aqueous liquids. They are composed of two pieces which fit together. Soft gelatin capsules are formed, filled, and sealed in one step and can contain non-aqueous liquids or oily suspensions. They provide improved drug absorption, patient compliance, safety for potent drugs, and dose uniformity compared to other dosage forms. Both types of capsules precisely deliver medication or supplements and are easy to swallow.

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سلطان القلح
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136 views2 pages

Capsules

Capsules come in two main types - hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules. Hard gelatin capsules have a solid shell and can contain dry powders, semisolids or non-aqueous liquids. They are composed of two pieces which fit together. Soft gelatin capsules are formed, filled, and sealed in one step and can contain non-aqueous liquids or oily suspensions. They provide improved drug absorption, patient compliance, safety for potent drugs, and dose uniformity compared to other dosage forms. Both types of capsules precisely deliver medication or supplements and are easy to swallow.

Uploaded by

سلطان القلح
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Capsule

Define :-
is solid dosage form in which the drug (usually a single dose) is enclosed in either a hard or soft shell
(mainly gelatin,cellulose derivatives or modified starch).
Gelatin nature
Define
Is a mixture of water soluble proteins (Mw ranges from 20-250)
Preparation method
Prepared by the hydrolysis of collagen (protein of the connective tissues ) followed by
purification ,concentration and drying .
Sources collagen Main sources of collagen : animal bones and skin
Types
According to the hydrolysis processing:
Type A: produced by acid hydrolysis
Type B: produced by basic (alkaline ) hydrolysis.
Important properties
-Bloom strength (a measure of gel rigidity )
-Viscosity
Advantage of gelatin cap
-Non toxic , FDA approved in food stuff!!
-Soluble in biological fluids at body temperature
-Good film-producing material .
-Displays thixotropic properties.

Types of capsules
1-Hard gelatin capsule

Shell Contain Materials (filled)
Gelatin Various material can be filled into hard gelatin capsules
1-Dry solids: powders, pellets, granules & tablets
2-Semisolids
3-Non-aqueous liquids and suspensions

Properties of filled must not :
-not react with gelatin
-not contain a high level of free moisture
-not exceed the volume size of the selected capsules
(Raw materials density?!)

Selection of different excipiets dependis on:
-drug properties : dose,solubility,particle size & shape .
-the filling machines to be used.
-the size of the capsules to be used .

Types of excipients used in powder filled cap
-Diluents : lactose
-Glidants: Aerosil, improve powder flow
-Lubricants: Mg stearate, reduce powder adhesion to
metal parts.
-Wetting agents: improve water penetration
-Disintegrate: may or may not be added
Water
Content
-12-16% : acts as a plasticizer
-Very critical during manufacturing and storage.

Problems :
%softening and deformation, microbial
contamination
%brittle , breakdown upon use.
Colourint
-Mainly synthetic
-Water-soluble or water insoluble.
-Azo or non-azo dyes.
-Usually , a mixture is used.
-Examples: erythrosine , indigocarmine
Opecifing
Uses : to make the capsule opaque.
E.g; Titanium dioxide (white)
Composed
Composed of 2 pieces :
1- body : is longer and slightly smaller in diameter
than the cap.
2-Cap :
Shape Mainly oblong
Size
Different sizes : from 000 (biggest) to 5 (smallest )
, different filling capacity (60mg to 1g) depending
on the density .
Preservative
Wetting
agent




2- Soft gelatin capsules
Steps of formed
Capsules are formed ,filled and sealed in one operation
Shape Available in various shapes (round , oval , oblong,)
Size In terms of number of drops :4,5 ( volume of fill= number x 0.06 ml)
Shell composition
-Gelatin
-Water 30-40% in the wet gel
-Plasticizer 20-30% of the wet gel
-Opacifiers
-Colorants
-Preservatives
Capsule content
-Non aqueous liquids ( oils)
-Oily suspensions
Applications
(uses of soft gel cap)
-Oral capsules
-Rectal and vaginal suppositories
-Single-dose eye ointment
Advantage of soft gelatin
capsules
Improved
-Drug absorption (biavailability )
-Patient compliance
-Safety for potent and cytotoxic drugs
-Dose uniformity for low dose drugs
-Product stability

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