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This document summarizes key aspects of phase-controlled rectifiers using thyristors. SCRs can be turned on with a gate pulse when the voltage is positive, but only turn off when the current reaches zero. Varying the firing angle α controls the output voltage. Power can flow from DC to AC if the firing angle is past 90°. The power factor depends on the firing angle. AC side reactance affects the commutation between thyristors. The output voltage is controlled by the firing angle but is limited during commutation between thyristors.

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235 views

MIT OpenCourseWare Http://Ocw - Mit.edu

This document summarizes key aspects of phase-controlled rectifiers using thyristors. SCRs can be turned on with a gate pulse when the voltage is positive, but only turn off when the current reaches zero. Varying the firing angle α controls the output voltage. Power can flow from DC to AC if the firing angle is past 90°. The power factor depends on the firing angle. AC side reactance affects the commutation between thyristors. The output voltage is controlled by the firing angle but is limited during commutation between thyristors.

Uploaded by

snehith
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIT OpenCourseWare

http://ocw.mit.edu

6.334 Power Electronics


Spring 2007

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.
Chapter 4

Phase-controlled Rectifiers

Read Chapter 5 of "Principles of Power Electronics" (KSV) by J . G . Kassakian, M.

F. Schlecht, and G. C. Verghese, Addison-Wesley, 1991.

Thyristor Devices: SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier)

Figure 4.1: Thyristor

SCR: Acts like a diode where you can select when conduction will start, but not

when it stops.

Stay off until a gate pulse is applied while VAK> 0.


Once on, behaves like a diode and does not turn off until i + 0.

To stay off (after VaK > 0 again) must have i stay at 0 for a short time t, (10 -
loops)

So the device is semi-controlled: we control the turn on point, but only turns off

when circuit conditions force it to.

Simple example:

Figure 4.2: Example

Phase of thyristor turn on (with respect t o line voltage) is termed firing angle a .

Consider a full-bridge converter (inductive/current load).

Diode version:
CHAPTER 4. PHASE-CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

ot
2-

/
Dl, D2
- Conduct
./ D3, D4
- - Conduct
Figure 4.3: Diode Version

Thyristor (phase-cont rolled) version (firing angle a ):

Ql,Q2 == Q3,Q4
Con uct ( Conduct Conduct

Figure 4.4: Thyristor Version

Lets analyze the output voltage < v, >:


Id > 0 by necessity
(conducbon of thyristor)
A <Vx>
Rectification

z
>

Rectification Inversion
( <vx>>o
Power Flows
- - Power
\ /

<vx><o
Flows
>
.....................
AC -> DC DC -> AC Quadrants of 0 ration
in ol,17

Figure 4.5: Output Voltage

So with a phase controlled converter, we can regulate the output voltage by varying

firing angle a . We can even cause power flow from dc-side to ac-side as long as Id > 0

(e.g., pull power out of inductor and put into line).

Consider the power factor of a phase-controlled converter:

V,i

Figure 4.6: Power Factor


CHAPTER 4. PHASE-CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

Phase shift of fundamental of square wave in phase with square wave, therefore,

= a . So the power factor of a phase-controlled converter varies with firing angle

a.

Consider the effect of ac-side reactance:

No LC

+
r r
Ql Q~A
LC

44
-
il VsSin@t)
Qz
r
il A

+~d
-
No LC
\
a+u ot
>
a n

-Id

QLQZ Q3,Q4
Al- Al-
+?-= e +?-= e
+ e
Q3,Q4

Figure 4.7: AC-S ide Reactance

Similar t o the diode rectifier case, a commutation period exists during which all

devices are on, while current in LC switches between +Id and -Id (between Q1/Q2

and Q3IQ4.
A similar analyze to the diode case shows t h a t for the full-bridge thyristor con-

verter:

2K

< v, >= -[cos a - 1-XK

cI d
n-

Note t h a t the need to commutate devices places a limit on how negative the output

voltage can be made as a function of X$-d and a . This is analyzed in KSV, Chapter

5. (require a + u < n-) .


Summary:

VdO

Commutation Limit

Figure 4.8: Summary

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