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Methods of Instruction

Explaining or lecturing is a common method of instruction where the teacher gives spoken explanations to teach the subject. Lectures can be accompanied by visual aids but may fail to meet the needs of all learning styles. Demonstrating is teaching through examples or experiments to allow students to personally relate to the information. Collaborating allows students to actively participate through discussion, establishing personal connections and less biased thinking.

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Dzenn Marbas Lao Do
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81 views

Methods of Instruction

Explaining or lecturing is a common method of instruction where the teacher gives spoken explanations to teach the subject. Lectures can be accompanied by visual aids but may fail to meet the needs of all learning styles. Demonstrating is teaching through examples or experiments to allow students to personally relate to the information. Collaborating allows students to actively participate through discussion, establishing personal connections and less biased thinking.

Uploaded by

Dzenn Marbas Lao Do
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Methods of instruction

Explaining
Main article: Lecture
Explaining, or lecturing, is the process of teaching by giving spoken explanations of the subject
that is to be learned. Lecturing is often accompanied by visual aids to help students visualize an
object or problem. Explaining may meet the needs of auditory or visual learning preferences
clarify!
but often fails to meet the needs of individuals "ith other learning preferences
clarify!
, such as
kinesthetic or social learners
clarify!
.
citation needed!
Demonstrating
Main article: #emonstration $teaching%
#emonstrating is the process of teaching through examples or experiments. &or example, a
science teacher may teach an idea by performing an experiment for students. ' demonstration
may be used to prove a fact through a combination of visual evidence and associated reasoning.
#emonstrations are similar to "ritten storytelling and examples in that they allo" students to
personally relate to the presented information. Memorization of a list of facts is a detached and
impersonal experience, "hereas the same information, conveyed through demonstration,
becomes personally relatable. #emonstrations help to raise student interest and reinforce
memory retention because they provide connections bet"een facts and real("orld applications of
those facts. Lectures, on the other hand, are often geared more to"ards factual presentation than
connective learning.
Collaborating
Main article: )ollaboration
)ollaboration allo"s students to actively participate in the learning process by talking "ith each
other and listening to other points of vie". )ollaboration establishes a personal connection
bet"een students and the topic of study and it helps students think in a less personally biased
"ay. *roup projects and discussions are examples of this teaching method. +eachers may employ
collaboration to assess student,s abilities to "ork as a team, leadership skills, or presentation
abilities.
-!
)ollaborative discussions can take a variety of forms, such as fishbo"l discussions. 'fter some
preparation and "ith clearly defined roles, a discussion may constitute most of a lesson, "ith the
teacher only giving short feedback at the end or in the follo"ing lesson.
Learning by teaching
Main article: Learning by teaching
.n this teaching method, students assume the role of teacher and teach their peers. /tudents "ho
teach others as a group or as individuals must study and understand a topic "ell enough to teach
it to their peers. 0y having students participate in the teaching process, they gain self(confidence
and strengthen their speaking and communication skills.
Evolution of teaching methods
Ancient education
'bout 1222 0), "ith the advent of "riting, education became more conscious or self(reflecting,
"ith specialized occupations such as scribe and astronomer re3uiring particular skills and
kno"ledge. 4hilosophy in ancient *reece led to 3uestions of educational method entering
national discourse.
.n his literary "ork The Republic, 4lato described a system of instruction that he felt "ould lead
to an ideal state. .n his dialogues, 4lato described the /ocratic method, a form of in3uiry and
debate intended to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas.
.t has been the intent of many educators since, such as the 5oman educator 6uintilian, to find
specific, interesting "ays to encourage students to use their intelligence and to help them to
learn.
Medieval education
)omenius, in 0ohemia, "anted all children to learn. .n his The World in Pictures, he created an
illustrated textbook of things children "ould be familiar "ith in everyday life and used it to teach
children. 5abelais described ho" the student *argantua learned about the "orld, and "hat is in
it.
Much later, 7ean(7ac3ues 5ousseau in his Emile, presented methodology to teach children the
elements of science and other subjects. #uring 8apoleonic "arfare, the teaching methodology of
7ohann 9einrich 4estalozzi of /"itzerland enabled refugee children, of a class believed to be
unteachable
by whom?!
, to learn. 9e described this in his account of an educational experiment at
/tanz.
citation needed!
9e felt the key to have children learn is for them to be loved.
citation needed!
19th century - compulsory education
Main article: 4russian education system
+he 4russian education system "as a system of mandatory education dating to the early -:th
century. 4arts of the 4russian education system have served as models for the education systems
in a number of other countries, including 7apan and the ;nited /tates. +he 4russian model
re3uired classroom management skills to be incorporated into the teaching process.
<!
!th century
8e"er teaching methods may incorporate television, radio, computer, and other modern devices.
/ome educators
who?!
believe that the use of technology, "hile facilitating learning to some
degree, is not a substitute for educational methods that encourage critical thinking and a desire to
learn. .n3uiry learning is another modern teaching method.

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