English/Romanian

Legal Glossary
English/Romanian
Legal Glossary
Translated from English into Romanian by George Fgy, Esq.
Reviewed by Ana !o"es#, Assoiate $nstr#tor, Frenh and $talian %e"artment,
&niversity of 'alifornia, %avis
(#"erior )*oiirit oi )L+a&oraiia, )L+*,iwiy oi *arameiinio
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(treet
(aramento, 'A 01234
!hone5 60378 2-49727- : Fa;5 60378 2-492..0
www.sao#rt.om
.//-
%islaimer
The (#"erior 'o#rt of 'alifornia, 'o#nty of (aramento 6<'o#rt<8, has "re"ared this
Legal Glossary. The 'o#rt annot g#arantee that the translations ontained therein are
om"letely a#rate, altho#gh reasonable attem"ts were made to ahieve this goal. This
glossary is to be #sed for general referene "#r"oses only, sho#ld be onsidered a <wor=9
in9"rogress,< and is not intended to "rovide legal advie. This glossary is not intended to
be #sed as a st#dy g#ide for "#r"oses of "assing 'alifornia o#rt inter"reter ertifiation
e;aminations, as some terminology might differ when #sed in s"eifi onte;t.
>either the Administrative *ffie of the 'o#rts, nor the (#"erior 'o#rt of 'alifornia,
(aramento 'o#nty, nor any of its offiials or em"loyees ass#mes any legal liability or
res"onsibility for the a#ray of these translations. For more information or omments,
"lease ontat ,s. Elaine Flores, Administrative (ervies *ffier $$ of the 'o#rt, at 60378
2-49277? or via e9mail at florese@sao#rt.om.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
DICTIONAR DE TERMENI JURIDICI
120!0 "C MOTION 9 Req#est to anel, modify, hange or terminate "robation.
120!# "C MOTION 9 Req#est to ta=e ba= g#ilty "lea or set aside a g#ilty verdit, and dismiss the
a#sations or information. 6,ade after "robation has either terminated or defendant was disharged from
"robation "rior to termination.8
3-/.7 "C MOTION 9 Req#est to disq#alify the assigned A#dge from hearing a matter.
001 "C MOTION 9 Req#est made by a defendant to dismiss a o#nt of information.
A$ANDONMENT 9 Bhen a "arent leaves a hild witho#t eno#gh are, s#"ervision, s#""ort, or "arental
ontat for an e;essive "eriod of time.
A$ATE 9 To "#t an end toC to anel o#t.
A$ATEMENT O% ACTION 9 A s#it whih has been set aside and ended.
A$DUCTION 9 The offense of ta=ing away a wife, hild, or ward, by deeitf#l "ers#asion, fore, or
violene.
A$ROGATE 9 To re"eal or anel an old law #sing another law or onstit#tional "ower. A$ROGARE 9 A
retrage sa# an#la o lege vehe "rin folosirea #nei alte legi sa# "#teri onstit#tionale.
A$&TRACT 9 A s#mmary of what a o#rt or government ageny does. $n Traffi, do#ment that is sent to
the %e"artment of ,otor Dehiles 6%,D8 to #"date driving reord.
A$&TRACT O% JUDGEMENT' (#mmary of the o#rt)s final deision. 'an be #sed as a lien if yo# file it
with the o#nty reorder.
A$&TRACT O% RECORD 9 (hort form of the ase.
AE&(E 9 638 immoderate or im"ro"er #seC 6.8 to do "hysial, se;#al, or "syhologial harm to someone.
A$U&E O% "ROCE&& 9 ,is#se of the "ower of the o#rt.
ACCE&&OR( 9 A "erson who hel"s someone else ommit a rime, either before or after the rime.
ACCIDENT OR MI&%ORTUNE 9 An #nintentional eventC #nforeseen event a#sing misfort#ne.
ACCOM"LICE 9 A "erson that hel"s someone else ommit a rime. 'an be on "#r"ose or not.
ACCORD 9 A satisfation agreed #"on between the "arties in a laws#it, whih "revents f#rther ations after
the laim.
ACCORD AND &ATI&%ACTION 9 Agreement by the "arties to settle a laim or dis"#te in whih the
"arties ty"ially agree to give or ae"t something.
ACCRUAL 9 The total amo#nt of hild s#""ort "ayments that are owed or that are late.
ACCU&ATION 9 A formal harge against a "erson.
ACCU&ED 9 The "erson that is harged with a rime and has to go to riminal o#rt. 6(ee
%EFE>%A>T8.
AC)NO*LEDGEMENT 9 (aying, testifying, or ass#ring that something is tr#e.
AC)O*LEDGEMENT O% &ATI&%ACTION O% JUDGEMENT 9 A o#rt form that the "erson who
wins the ase m#st fill o#t, sign, and file with the o#rt when the A#dgment is f#lly "aid. $f there are no
liens, the ba= of the Notice of Entry of Judgment an be signed and filed with the o#rt 6(ee F&%G,E>T
'RE%$T*R, F&%G,E>T.8
AC+UIT 9 To legally find the innoene of a "erson harged with a rime. To set free, release or
disharge from an obligation, b#rden or a#sation. To find a defendant not g#ilty in a riminal trial.
AC+UITAL 9 Bhen a A#dge or A#ry finds that the "erson on trial is not g#ilty. AC,ITARE 9
'ind #n A#deator sa# A#ratii deide a o "ersoana A#deata este nevinovata.
ACTION 9 $n o#rt, when one "erson s#es someone else to, defend or enfore a right, sto" something bad
from ha""ening or fi; something, or "#nish them for a rime.
ACTION IN "ER&ONAM 9 !roeeding against the "erson for the reovery of a s"eifi obAet, #s#ally an
item of "ersonal "ro"erty s#h as an a#tomobile.
ACTION IN REM 9 !roeeding <against the thing< as om"ared to "ersonal ations (in personam).
&s#ally a "roeeding where "ro"erty is involved.
ACTI-E &TATU& 9 A ase that is in o#rt b#t is not settled or deided has ative stat#s. 6(ee
%$(!*($T$*>, !E>%$>G.8
ACTUAL LO&& 9 This is a showing that the "laintiff or inA#red "arty has #ndergone some loss of "ro"erty
or other thing of val#e by reason of fra#d, forgery, or other illegal ation. For the rime of forgery the
e;istene of a s"eifi intent to defra#d is an essential elementC however, there is no req#irement of at#al
loss to om"lete the rime.
AD LITEM 9 'omes from Latin meaning for the <"#r"oses of the laws#it.< For e;am"le, a guardian ad
litem is a "erson a""ointed by the o#rt to "rotet the interests of a minor or legally inom"etent "erson in a
laws#it.

ADD'ON 9 Refers to an additional matter that is added to a s"eifi alendar at a time after the initial
"re"aration of the alendar.
ADDENDUM 9 A thing added or to be added.
ADDICTION 9 A "erson who has beome emotionally de"endent on the #se of a dr#g and the effet is an
irresistible need to ontin#e its #se and has develo"ed a tolerane to the dr#g and req#ires larger stronger
doses.
ADDITUR 9 The "ower of a trial o#rt to inrease the amo#nt of an award of money to one "arty made by
A#ry verdit, as a ondition of denial of motion for new trial. The defendant m#st onsent to the inreased
money award, the "laintiff need not onsent.
AD,E&ION CONTRACT& 9 'ontrat where one "arty has no real hoie as to its terms.
CONTRACTE
ADJOURNMENT 9 To "#t off a o#rt hearing #ntil another time or "lae.
ADJUDICATE 9 Bhen a A#dge hears and deides a ase.
ADJUDICATION 9 The A#dge)s deision in a ase or ation.
ADMIN "ER (E 9 Latin meaning, "by itself, inherently." Req#ires the %e"artment of ,otor Dehiles
6%,D8 to a#tomatially s#s"end or anel the driver)s liense of a driver whose blood alohol ontent
meas#res more than ./2G, or who ref#ses to ta=e a test to meas#re his/her blood alohol level.
ADMINI&TER 9 638 to manageC 6.8 ta=ing a dr#g by inAetion, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means, to
the body for that "erson)s immediate needs.
ADMINI&TRATI-E "ROCEDURE 9 The way an e;e#tive government ageny ma=es and enfores
s#""ort orders witho#t going to o#rt.
ADMINI&TRATI-E RE-IE* OR .AR. 9 A review of the welfare of a hild in long9term foster are
by a "anel of "eo"le seleted by the state %e"artment of Health I H#man (ervies 6%HH(8. The review is
ond#ted at least one a year, in "lae of a 79month "laement hearing by the 'o#rt. The "anel reviews a
re"ort from %HH(. The review is o"en to the "arents of the hild, "arents) attorney and hild)s attorney.
ADMINI&TRATOR 9 3. ,an who re"resents the estate of a "erson who dies witho#t a will. .. A o#rt
offiial.
ADMINI&TRATRI/ 9 Boman who re"resents the estate of a "erson who dies witho#t a will.
ADMI&&I$LE 9 !ertinent and "ro"er to be onsidered in reahing a deision.
ADMI&I$IL 9 !otrivit si demn de a fi l#at in onsiderare in aA#ngerea la o deiJie.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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ADMI&&I$LE E-IDENCE 9 Evidene that an be legally and "ro"erly be #sed in o#rt.
E-IDENTA ADMI&I$ILA 9 %oveJi, "robe are "ot fi folosite legal la Trib#nal.
ADMI&&ION 9 (aying that ertain fats are tr#e. E#t not saying yo# are g#ilty. 6'om"are with
'*>FE(($*>8.
RECUNOA&TERE 9 A delara a eva este adevarat, dar n# a s"#ne a esti vinovat. 6'om"ara #
,ART&R$($RE8.
ADMONI&, 9 To warn, advise, or sold.
A-ERTI0A 9 A sfat#i, a onvinge, a erta.
ADMONITION 9 Advie or a#tion by the o#rt to the A#ry res"eting their d#ty or ond#t as A#rors, and
the "#r"ose for whih evidene may be onsidered.
A-ERTI&MENT 9 (fat#irea sa# atentionarea A#ri#l#i de atre Trib#nal de a9si res"eta sarinile si
ond#ita a A#rati si de a res"eta so"#l la are serves "robele.
ADMONITION TO JUROR& 9 Bhat the A#dge says to the A#ry abo#t what they m#st do and how they
m#st behave, what evidene they an #se to ma=e their deision 6alled <admissible< evidene8, and how
they an #se that evidene to ma=e a deision.
&%ATUIREA JURATILOR' 'eea e s"#ne A#deator#l A#ratilor # "rivire la e treb#ie sa faa si #m
treb#ie sa se om"orte, e "robe sa foloseasa "entr# a l#a deiJia, 6 n#mita <evidenta admisibila<8, si #m
treb#ie sa foloseasa aele "robe "entr# l#area deiJiei.
ADO"TION 9 The way to ma=e the relationshi" between a "arent and hild legal when they are not
related by blood.
ADO"TIUNE 9 ,od#l de a legaliJa o relatie intre #n o"il si #n "arinte are n# sint inr#diti "rin singe.
ADO"TI-E ADMI&&ION 9 Ation by a "arty that omm#niates agreement with the statements of
another "erson.
RECUNOA&TERE ADO"TIEI 9 Ati#ne A#diiara a #nei "arti are9si e;"rima aord#l # delaratia altei
"ersoane.
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AD-ER&AR( &(&TEM 9 The system of trial "ratie in the &nited (tates and some other o#ntries in
whih eah of the o""osing 6or <adversary<8 "arties has the o""ort#nity to "resent and establish o""osing
"ositions before the o#rt.
&I&TEM AD-ER& 9 (istem#l A#diiar in (tatele &nite si alte iteva tari in are fieare din "artile o"#se,
6sa# <adversare<8, are oaJia sa9si "reJinte si sa9si stabileasa "oJitiile o"#se, inaintea Trib#nal#l#i.
AD-ER&E *ITNE&& 9 A "erson alled to testify for the other side.
MARTORUL O"O0ITIEI 9 * "ersoana hemata sa mart#riseasa "ent# "artea o"#sa.
A%%IANT 9 A "erson who ma=es and signs an affidavit.
A%%IANT 9 * "ersoana are fae sa# semneaJa #n <affidavit.<
A%%IDA-IT 9 A written statement that someone swears to #nder oath in front of someone that is legally
a#thoriJed, li=e a A#dge or notary "#bli.
A%%IDA-IT 9 * delaratie srisa s#b A#ramint, data in fata #nei a#toritati, #m ar fi #n A#deator sa# #n
notar "#bli.
A%%IRMATION 9 Bhen an a""ellate o#rt says that the lower o#rt)s deision was right.
CON%IRMARE 9 'ind '#rtea de A"el s"#ne a deiJia Trib#nal#l#i a fost oreta.
A%%IRMATI-E DE%ENCE 9 Bhen a defendant or "erson res"onding to a ivil ase has a reason that
wo#ld ma=e him or her <not g#ilty< or not at fa#lt and gives the o#rt new evidene to "rove that. The
defense has to "rove what it says 6alled E&R%E> *F !R**F8. The defense has to e;"lain this defense in
their A>(BER.
DECI0IE A%IRMATI-A 9 'ind #n "irit sa# o "ersoana ivila are o "roba de nevinovatie si "reJinta
Trib#nal#l#i dovada res"etiva. A "ararea treb#ie sa dovedeasa e s"#ne, 6n#mita GRE&TATEA
%*DEK$$8. A"ararea tr#b#ie sa e;"lie aeasta "roba in ras"#ns#l ei.
A%%IRMED 9 $n a""ellate o#rts, it means that the deision of the trial o#rt is orret.
CON%IRMAT 9 La '#rtea de A"el inseamna a deiJia Trib#nal#l#i este oreta.
A%TER AC+UIRED INTENT 9 Bhen the defendant did not intend to ommit a rime #ntil after the rime
had been ommitted.
DU"AINTENTIE 9 'ind relamat#l n# a intentionat sa savirseasa o infrati#ne inainte de savirsirea ei.
AGENT 9 (omeone who has a#thority to at for another.
AGENT 9 'ineva are are a#toritatea de a ationa re"resentand "e altineva.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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AGENC( 9 *ne "erson ats for or re"resents another by a#thority. $n Traffi, the de"artment iss#ing the
itation.
AGENTIE 9 A#toritate abilitata sa re"reJinte "e altineva. $n Trafi de"artament#l are elibereaJa
itatiile.
AGGRA-ATION 9 'ir#mstanes that may be onsidered as magnifying, or adding to, the degree of
"#nishment.
AGRA-ARE 9 'ir#mstante are sint onsiderate a marind sa# ada#gand la grad#l de "edea"sa.
AGGRA-ATED AR&ON 9%eliberately setting fire with s"eifi intent to a#se inA#ry or damage
str#t#res where defendant has been "revio#sly onvited of arson, the damage e;eeds L1m, or at least 1
residenes were damaged.
INCENDIERE "REMEDITATA 9 A da fo in mod intentionat # so"#l vatamarii "ersoanei sa# a
"ro"rietatii, #nde relamat#l a mai fost A#deat "entr# inendi#, iar "ag#ba de"aseste L1m, sa# el "#tin 1
ase a# fost distr#se.
AGGRA-ATED $ATTER( 9 &nlawf#l #se of fore against another s#h as #sing a dangero#s wea"on.
ATAC IN %ORTA 9 Folosirea ileagla a fortei im"otriva #iva, #m ar fi folosirea #nei arme "eri#loase.
AGGRA-ATED MA(,EM 9 'a#sing "ermanent disability or disfig#rement with s"eifi intent to
a#se the inA#ry and with e;treme indifferene to well9being of other "erson.
MUTILARE 9 'a#Jarea #nei debilitati "ermanente sa# desfig#rarea # intentia "reisa de a "rovoa
vatamare si # o indiferenta e;trema fata de binele eleilalte "ersoane.
AGGRA-ATED TRE&"A&& 9 &nlawf#lly entering "ro"erty of another with s"eifi intent to arry o#t
"rior threat of serio#s bodily inA#ry.
-IOLAREA GRA-A A "RO"RIETATII 9 $ntrarea ilegala "e "ro"rietatea #iva # so"#l de a d#e la
inde"linire o amenintare de vatamarea tr#"easa a #iva.
AGGRA-ATING %ACTOR& 9 Any fators assoiated with the ommission of a rime whih inrease the
serio#sness of the offense.
%ACTORI AGRA-ANTI 9 *rie fatori asoiati # omiterea #nei infrati#ni are ii mareste gravitatea.
AGGREGATE TERM 9 The total length of im"risonment
TERMEN 9 !erioada totala a intemnitarii.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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AGGREED &TATEMENT O% %ACT& 9 (tatement of all im"ortant fats, whih all the "arties agree is
tr#e and orret, and whih is s#bmitted to a o#rt for a deision.
%E'LARAT$E A(&!RA 'ARE$A (E 'A%E %E A'*R% 9 * delaratie in are "artile sint de aord a
toate fa"tele sint adevarate si orete, are este data la oret in vederea #nei deiJii.
AGREEMENT 9 Bhen the "eo"le involved in a legal dis"#te agree abo#t something.
ACORD 9 'ind "ersoanele im"liate intr9o dis"#ta legala ad de aord as#"ra #n#i l#r#.
AID AND A$ET 9 to hel" or assist, in ommitting a rime.
AJUTOR 9 AaA#ta sa# in#raAa omiterea #nei infrati#ni.
AIDER AND A$ETTOR 9 *ne who has riminal intent and assists another to ommit a rime.
IN&TIGATOR 9 'ineva are are o intentie riminala sa# aA#ta "e ineva sa omita o infrati#ne.
ALLEGE 9 To say, delare, or harge that something is tr#e even tho#gh it is not "roved yet.
"RETINDE 9 A "retinde a eva e adevarat inainte de a se fi dovedit.
ALLEGED 9 (aid to be tr#e as desribedC a "erson who is a#sed, b#t has not yet been tried in o#rt.
"RE&U"U& 9 Asa9Jis adevarat d#"a #m a fost desrisC o "ersoana are a fost a#Jata dar n# A#deata.
ALLEGATION 9 A statement or laim that is made and has not been "roved to be tr#e or false.
ALEGATIE 9 Afirmatie nedovedita s fi adevarata sa# falsa.
ALLEGE% FATHER9 A man who may be the father of the hild.
"RE&U"U& TATA 9 &n om are ar "#tea fi tatal o"il#l#i.
ALIA& 9 Mnown by another nameC or means <also =nown as< whih A.M. A. is short for.
ALIA& 9 '#nos#t s#b #n alt n#meC inseamna <#nos#t a.<
ALI$I 9 A defense laim that the a#sed was somewhere else at the time a rime was ommitted. ALI$I 9
!rete;t#l a a#Jat#l se afla in alta "arte ind a fost omisa infrati#nea.
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ALIMON( 9 ,oney the o#rt orders yo# to "ay to a s"o#se or e;9s"o#se. 6(ee (!*&(AL (&!!*RT8.
"EN&IE ALIMENTARA 9 (#ma de bani "e are o stabileste Trib#nal#l a treb#ie sa fie "latita
sotiei/sot#l#i sa# fostei/fost#l#i sotii/sot.
ALLOCUTION 9 %efendant)s statement to try to red#e "#nishment.
ALOCUTIUNE 9 %elaratia relamat#l#i "rin are ineara sa red#a "edea"sa.
ALTERATION1 %ORGER( $( 9 Adding, erasing, or hanging a do#ment with the s"eifi intent to
a#se it to a""ear different from what it originally was intended to be to heat another "erson.
ALTERARE1 "LAGIERE 9 A ada#ga, sterge sa# shimba #n do#ment # so"#l "reis de a9l fae sa "ara
diferit deit el original, in intentia de a insela o alta "ersoana.
ALTERNATI-E DI&"UTE RE&OLUTION 2ADR3 9 ,ethods of resolving dis"#tes witho#t offiial
o#rt "roeedings. These methods inl#de ,E%$AT$*> and ARE$TRAT$*>.
RE0OL-ARE ALTERNATI-A A DI&"UTEI 9 ,etode de resolvare a dis"#telor fara sa fie neesare
"roed#rile A#ridie. Aeste metode inl#d ,edierea si ArbitraA#l.
AMEND 9 To add to or hange a laim that has been filed in o#rt.
A AMENDA 9 A modifia, a ad#e modifiari #n#i "roes deshis la Trib#nal.
AMENDMENT 9 A hange made by orretion, addition, or deletion.
AMENDAMENT 9 * shimbare fa#ta "rin oretare, ada#gare sa# stregere.
AMICU& CURIAE 6A9,$)M&( M&)R$E8 9 (omeone that gives advie to the o#rt abo#t the law in a ase,
b#t is not "art of the ase. 'omes from the Latin for <friend of the o#rt.<
AMICU& CURIAE 9 * "ersoana are sfat#ieste Trib#nal#l # "rivire la a"liarea legii intr9#n an#mit aJ,
dar are n# este im"liat in aJ#l res"etiv. !rovine din latina5 !rieten al Trib#nal#l#i.
ANNOTATION 9 A ase s#mmary or ommentary on the law ases, stat#tes, and r#les.
ADNOTARE 9 >ota e;"liativa in "roese, stat#te si legi.
ANNUAL RE-IE* 9 Nearly A#diial review.
RED$K$E A>&ALA 9 * reviJ#ire A#ridia, an#ala.
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ANNULMENT 9 A legal ation that says yo#r marriage was never legally valid bea#se of #nso#nd mind,
inest, bigamy, being too yo#ng to onsent, fra#d, fore, or "hysial ina"aity.
ANULARE 9 * ai#ne A#ridia "rin are asatoria este delarata ilegala datorita li"sei de rati#ne,
inest#l#i, bigamiei, sa# imat#ritatii de a onsimti, fra#da, forta, sa# ina"aitate fiJia.
A>*>N,&( 9 Bhen someone)s name is =e"t seret.
ANONIM 9 'ind n#mele #iva este "astrat seret.
AN&*ER 9 A statement that a defendant writes to answer a ivil om"laint and says what defense they will
#se.
RA&"UN& 9 * delaratie srisa de atre relamat "enr# a re"lia #nei "lingeri ivile aratind e "robe va
folosi a"ararea.
ANTICI"ATOR( $REAC, 9 Bhen a "erson who is to "erform as set forth in a ontrat, learly
indiates to the other "arty that he will not or annot "erform.
INCALCARE ANTICI"ATORIE 9 'ind o "ersoana are treb#ie sa onoreJe #n ontrat stabilit, india in
mod lar eleilalte "arti a n# va "#tea onra ontrat#l.
A""EAL 9 Bhen someone that loses at least "art of a ase as=s a higher o#rt 6alled an <A!!ELLATE
'*&RT<8 to review the deision and say if it is right. This is alled <to a""eal< or <to ta=e an a""eal.< The
"erson that a""eals is alled the <A!!ELLA>T.< The other "erson is alled the <A!!ELLEE.<
A"EL 9 'ind ineva are "ierde o "arte a "roes#l#i ere la '#rtea de A"el sa reviJ#iasa deiJia si sa
hotareasa daa aeasta a fost oreta. Aeasta se n#meste <a a"ela< sa# <a fae #n a"el<. !ersoana are
a"eleaJa se n#meste <A"elant<. 'ealalta "ersoana se n#meste <$ntimat.<
A""EARANCE 9 Going to o#rt. *r a legal "a"er that says yo# will "artii"ate in the o#rt "roess.
"RE0ENTARE 9 $nfatisare la Trib#nal. &n do#ment legal are s#ne a treb#ie sa "artii"i intr9#n
"roes.
A""ERANCE "ROGRE&& RE"ORT 2A"R3 9 A o#rt order for a re"ort by the %e"artment of Health and
H#man (ervies 6%HH(8 on an iss#e req#ested by the o#rt.
RA!*RT A(&!RA ED*L&T$E$F&%E'AT$$ 9 &n ordin al Trib#nal#l#i atre %HH(, erind #n ra"ort #
referire la o "roblema A#ridia.
A""ELLANT 9 (omeone that A!!EAL( a o#rt)s deision. 6'om"are with A!!ELLEE.8
A"ELANT 9 'ineva are a"eleaJa o deiJie a Trib#nal#l#i.
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3.
A""ELLATE 9 Having to do with a""eals. An A!!ELLATE '*&RT an review a lower o#rt)s 6alled a
<TR$AL '*&RT< or <s#"erior o#rt.< %eision. For e;am"le, 'alifornia 'o#rt of A""eal review the
deisions of the s#"erior o#rts.
A"ELAT 9 'are are de9a fae # a"el#ri. * '#rte de A"el "oate reviJ#i deiJia #n#i Trib#nal sa# Tib#nal
(#"erior. %e e;em"l# '#rtea de A"el a 'aliforniei reviJ#ieste deiJiile Trib#nal#l#i (#"erior.
A""ELLATE COURT 9 A o#rt that an review how the law was #sed to deide a ase in a lower o#rt.
CURTEA DE A"EL 9 &n Tirb#nal are "oate reviJ#i #m a fost folosita legea, in hotarirea l#ata intr9#n
trib#nal.
A""ELLATE JURI&DICTION 9 The a""ellate o#rt has the right to review and hange the lower o#rt
deision.
JURI&DICTIA CURTII DE A"EL 9 %re"t#l #n#i Trib#nal de a rev#J#i si shimba deiJia #n#i
Trib#nal.
A""ELLEE 9 A "erson that answers an a""eal in higher o#rt
INTIMAT 9 !ersoana are ras"#nde #n#i a"el fa#t intr9#n Trib#nal (#"erior.
AR$ITRATION 9 Bhen a "erson that isn)t involved in the ase loo=s at the evidene, hears the
arg#ments, and ma=es a deision. 6'om"are with ,E%$AT$*>.8
AR$ITRARE 9 'ind o "ersoana are n# este im"liata intr9#n aJ itareste "robele, a#diaJa arg#mentele,
si ia o deiJie. 6om"ara # ,E%$ERE8.
ARGUMENT 9 Remar=s made by an attorney to a A#dge or A#ry on the fats of the ase or on "oints of law.
ARGUMENT 9 Remari fa#te de atre #n avoat inaintea A#deator#l#i sa# a A#ratilor, referitor la datele
"roes#l#i, sa# # "rivire la lege.
ARMING CLAU&E 9 A ond#t enhanement alleging that defendant or an aom"lie was
armed.
CLAU0A DE "O&E&IE DE ARME 9 are "retinde a relamat#l sa# om"liele a# fost inarmati.
ARRAIGN 9 !roess where the "erson who is a#sed is bro#ght before the o#rt to hear the riminal
harge6s8 against him or her and to "lead g#ilty, not g#ilty or no ontest.
A DA IN JUDECATA 9 &n "roes "rin are a#Jat#l este ad#s inaintea Trib#nal#l#i, "entr# a i se
"reJenta a#Jatiile im"otriva9i, si "entr# a "leda vinovat, nevinovat sa# a n# ontesta.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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ARRAIGNMENT 9 Bhen a "erson that is a#sed of ommitting a rime is ta=en to o#rt, told abo#t the
harges, and as=ed to "lead <g#ilty< or <not g#ilty.<
TRIMITERE IN JUDECATA 9 'ind o "ersoana are este a#Jata de o infrati#ne este d#sa la Trib#nal, i
se "reJinta a#Jatiile si i se ere sa"ledeJe <vinovat< sa# <nevinovat.<
ARREARAGE 9 'hild s#""ort that is overd#e or #n"aid.
RE&TANTA 9 !ensie alimentara restanta sa# ne"latita.
ARRE&T 9 The legal a"t#re of a "erson who is harged with a rime.
ARE&T 9 'a"t#rarea legala a #nei "ersoane are este a#Jata de o infrati#ne.
ARRE&T O% JUDGEMENT 9 !ost"oning the res#lt of a A#dgment already entered.
&U&"END AREA &ENTINTEI 9 Aminarea #nei A#deati fa#te deAa.
AR&ON 9 The maliio#s b#rning of someone)s own ho#se or of someone else)s ho#se, or of someone)s
ommerial or ind#strial "ro"erty.
INCENDIERE 9 Arderea malitioasa a asei "ersonale, asei alt#iva sa# a #nei "ro"rietati omeriale sa#
ind#striale.
A&&AULT 9 Bhen someone tries or threatens to h#rt someone else. 'an inl#de violene, b#t is not battery.
6(ee EATTERN.8
A&ALT 9 'ind ineva ineara sa# ameninta a va vatama "e altineva. !oate sa inl#da violenta, dar n#
este bataie.
A&&AULT *IT, A DEADL( *EA"ON 9 Bhen someone tries to h#rt someone and there is threat to do
bodily harm witho#t A#stifiation by #se of a wea"on li=e a g#n or a =nife.
A&ALT CU O ARMA MORTALA 9 'ind ineva ineara sa vatame "e altineva si e;ista amenitarea #
vatamarea or"orala, fara A#stifiare, folosind o arma, #m ar fi #n "istol sa# #n #tit.
A&&E&&MENT 9 Additional harges added to a ase.
TA/ARE 9 Ada#garea de noi ost#ri la #n aJ.
A&&IGNEE 9 A "erson or b#siness that is "#t in the "lae of the original reditor, s#h as a olletion
ageny. No# an assign yo#r F&%G,E>T to another "erson or b#siness.
MAND ATAR 9 * "ersoana sa# #n b#siness are este "lasat in lo#l reditor#l#i initial, #m ar fi o agentie
de oletii. !oti desemna "roes#l #nei alte "ersoane sa# b#siness.
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A&&IGNMENT 9 'hoosing someone to do something. &s#ally for5 'ases 9 when the o#rt #ses a
alendar to give 6or <assign< ases to A#dgesC Lawyers 9 when lawyers are hosen 6or <a""ointed<8 to
re"resent A#veniles, onservatees or defendantsC and F#dges 9 when A#dges are sent 6or <assigned<8 to
different o#rts to fill in while other A#dges are on vaation, si=, et., or to hel" with ases in a o#rt.
DE&EMNARE 9 A insarina "e ineva sa faa eva. %e obiei5 'aJ#ri 9 ind #n Trib#nal foloseste #n
alendar "entr# a da sa# a transfera aJ#ri la A#datoriC Avoati 9 ind avoatii sint alesi sa# desemnati sa
re"reJinte "ersoane A#venile sa# relamatiC F#deatori 9 ind A#deatorii sint trimisi sa# desemnati sa
mearga la alte Trib#nale si sa tina lo#l altor A#deatori are sint in onedi#, bolnavi, et., sa# sa aA#te la
diferite aJ#ri la Trib#nal.
A&&IGNMENT O% &U""ORT RIG,T& 9 Bhen a "erson who gets "#bli assistane agrees to give the
state any hild s#""ort they get in the f#t#re. The "erson gets money and other benefits from the state. (o
the state an #se "art of the hild s#""ort to "ay for the ost of that "#bli assistane.
DARE A DRE"TURILOR DE &U&TINERE 9 'ind o "ersoana are "rimeste asistenta soiala este de
aord sa dea (tat#l#i orie "ensie alimentara vor "rimi in viitor. !ersoana "rimeste bani si alte benefiii de la
(tat. Astfel (tat#l va folosi "arte din aesti bani "entr# "lata asistentei soiale.
A&&IGNMENT ORDER 9 A o#rt order 6made after a ,*T$*> that says a F&%G,E>T %EET*R m#st
assign ertain rights to the F&%G,E>T 'RE%$T*R. &sef#l for "ayments that the A#dgment debtor wo#ld
#s#ally get, li=e rent from tenants, wages from the federal government, sales ommissions, royalties, a
b#siness)s ao#nts reeivable, or installment "ayments on $*&s 6also alled <!R*,$((*RN >*TE(< or
F&%G,E>T(8.
ORDIN DE DE&EMNARE 9 *rdin al Trib#nal#l#i, fa#t d#"a o ,*T$&>E, are s"#ne a "ersoana are
a "ierd#t treb#ie sa aorde an#mite dre"t#ri "ersoanei are a istigatC folositoare "entr# "latile le9ar "rimi
"ersoana are "ierde, #m ar fi5 hirii de la hiriasi, salarii de la G#vern#l Federal, omisi#ni "entr#
vinJari, dre"t de a#tor, ont#rile de redit ale #n#i b#siness, sa# "latile reg#late intr9#n <$*&< 0n#mite de
asemeni >ote de !romisi#ne8
A&&UM"TION O% RI&) 9 A defense to a laws#it for "ersonal inA#ry. The essene of the defense is that the
"laintiff ass#med the =nown ris= of whatever dangero#s ondition a#sed the inA#ry.
A&UMAREA RI&CULUI 9 A"ararea intr9#n "roes "entr# vatamare "ersonala. Esenta a"ararii este a
relamant#l si9a as#mat ris#l onditiilor are a# a#Jat vatamarea.
AT I&&UE 9 The time in a laws#it when the om"laining "arty has stated his or her laim and the other side
has res"onded with a denial and the matter is ready to be tried.
2CA03 IN LITIGIU 9 ,oment#l, intr9#n litigi#, ind relamant#l si9a e;"#s "lingerea si ealalta "arte a
re"liat # o negare si "roblema este gata sa fie A#deata.
AT I&&UE MEMORANDUM 9 A legal "a"er filed in a ivil ase that says the ase is ready to go to trial.
MEMORANDUM 9 &n do#ment legal, om"letat intr9#n aJ ivil, are s"#ne a litigi#l este gata "entr#
A#deare.
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ATTA'H,E>T 9 638 %o#ment attahed to o#rt "a"ers to give more informationC 6.8 A way to ollet
A#dgment5 by getting a o#rt order that says yo# an ta=e a "iee of "ro"erty.
(E'HE(TR& 9 %o#ment atasat de atele legale "entr# mai m#lta informatieC #n mod de a obtine e s9a
stabilit "rin sentinta "rin folosirea #n#i ordin legal de a l#a o "arte de "ro"rietate.
ATTA'H,E>T F*R %EFA&LTER 9 A "roess by the o#rt for the arrest of a "erson other
t han a defendant . 6(ee ATTA'H,E>T, EE>'H BARRA>T.8
69O998 9 &n "roes, la trib#nal, "rin are o "ersoana, alta deit a#Jat#l, este arestata.
ATTE,!T 9 An effort to do an at or ommit a rime.
TE>TAT$DA 9 &n effort de a fae eva sa# a omite o infrati#ne.
ATTE(T 9 To witness, to affirm to be tr#e or gen#ine, to ertify.
ATE(TA 9 A mart#risi, a afirma a adevarat si gen#in, a ertifia.
ATTE(TAT$*> 9 The at of witnessing something in writing, at the req#est of a "arty.
ATE(TARE 9 At#l de a mart#risi, in sris, la ererea #neia din "arti.
ATT*R>EN 9 (omeone that is q#alified to re"resent lients in o#rt and to give them legal advie. 6(ee
'*&>(EL8.
AD*'AT 9 'ineva alifiat sa re"reJinte lienti, la trib#nal si sa le dea sfat A#ridi.
ATT*R>EN *F RE'*R% 9 The lawyer whose name is listed in a ase reord as re"resenting someone in
the ase.
AD*'AT&L$>REG$(TRAT 9 Avoat#l inregistrat "e lista a re"reJentind "e ineva intr9#n aJ.
ATT*R>EN9 AT9LAB 9 An advoate, o#nsel, or offiial agent em"loyed in "re"aring, managing, and
trying ases in the o#rts.
AD*'AT 9 &n avoat, A#risons#lt, sa# agent ofiial angaAat sa "regateasa, administreJe si sa
re"reJinteJ#rile in trib#nale.
ATT*R>EN9$>9FA'T 9 A "rivate "erson 6who is not neessarily a lawyer8 a#thoriJed by someone to at
in his or her "lae, either for some "arti#lar "#r"ose, or for the transation of b#siness in general. This
a#thority is given in writing, alled a "ower of attorney.
$,!&TER>$'$T 9 * "ersoana "arti#lara 6n# nea"arat #n avoat8, a#toriJata de ineva sa ationeJe in
lo#l sa#, fie intr9#n so" "ersonal, sa# intr9o tranJatie ofiiala.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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AUDIT 9 Bhen reords or ao#nts are loo=ed at to he= that they are right and om"lete.
$ILANT 9 'ind atele ontabile sint reviJ#ite si verifiate "entr# a fi orete si om"lete.
A&THE>T$'ATE 9 To give a#thority or legal a#thentiity to a stat#te, reord, or other written do#ment.
AUTENTI%ICA 9 A da a#toritate sa# a#tentiitate legala, #n#i stat#t, at, sa# orie alt do#ment sris.
AUTO TAM"ERING 9 The mani"#lation of an a#tomobile and its "arts for a s"eifi "#r"ose.
AUTO MANI"ULAREA 9 ,ani"#larea #n#i a#tomobil si a "artilor om"onente, # #n an#me so".
AUTOMATED ADMINI&TRATI-E EN%ORCEMENT O% INTER&TATE CA&E& 2AEI3 9 !art of the
!ersonal Res"onsibility and Bor= *""ort#nity Reoniliation At 6!RB*RA8 that lets states fins, "#t a
lien on, and ta=e "ro"erty from "eo"le in a different state who owe money.
"UNEREA IN -IGOARE ADIMI&TRATI-A A CA0URILORINTER&TATALE 9 !arte a
res"onsabilitatii At#l#i !RB*RA are "ermite (tat#l#i sa dea amenJi, sa "#na i"otea si sa ia
"ro"rietatea #iva, dintr9#n alt stat, are datoreaJa bani.
AUTOMATED -OICE RE&"ON&E &(&TEM 2A-R3 9 !hone system that gives information to "eo"le
over the "hone.
&I&TEM AUTOMAT' (istem telefoni are da informatii, "ersoanelor.
A-ERAGE ADULT "ER&ON 9 A hy"othetial "erson who is #sed as an e;am"le of the entire
omm#nity. This hy"othetial "erson re"resents the interests of all, inl#ding "ersons religio#s and
irreligio#sC "ersons of all nationalities, all ad#lt ages and all eonomi, ed#ational and soial standingsC
"ersons with normal, healthy, average ontem"orary attit#des, instints and interests onerning se;. 6in the
onte;t of obsenity8
"ER&OANA ADULTA TI" 9 !ersoana i"otetia 6imaginara8, are este folosita s"re e;em"l# "entr# o
intreaga om#nitate. Aeasta "ersoana i"otetia re"reJinta interesele t#t#ror, invl#Jind "ersoane religioase si
nereligioaseC "ersoane de toate nationalitatile, toate virstele ad#lte, si toate stat#tele5 eonomi, ed#ational
si soialC "ersoane # atit#dine ontem"orana normalasi sanatoasa, instinte si interese se;#ale sanatoase.
$AC)LOG 9 All the ases that haven)t been settled or deided in the time the law says they sho#ld be.
RE0ER-A 9 Toate aJ#rile are n# a# fost inheiate, sa# reJolvate in "erioada lasata de lege.
$AD %AIT, 9 Generally im"lies at#al or onstr#tive fra#d, or a design to mislead or deeive another.
REA CREDINTA 9 $m"lia, in general, o fra#da de fa"t sa# "rogresiva, sa# o intentie de a insela "e alt#l.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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$AIL 9 A se#rity de"osit 6#s#ally money8 given to release a defendant or witness from #stody and to ma=e
s#re that they go to o#rt when they)re s#""osed to.
'A&T$&>E 9 &n de"oJit 6de obiei banes8, dat "entr# eliberarea din #stodie #n#i a#Jat sa# martor,
are asig#ra Trib#nal#l a aestia se vor "reJenta la trib#nal la data stabilita.
$AIL $OND 9 A legal "a"er that yo# b#y from a bondsman and give to the o#rt instead of bail. The
defendant signs it and is let go. E#t if they don)t ome to o#rt when they)re s#""osed to, they m#st "ay the
amo#nt of money on the bail bond.
GARANTIE 9 * obligati#ne "e are o #m"eri de la #n garant, si "e are o "reJinti la Trib#nal in lo de
de"oJit. Relamat#l o semneaJa si este lasat sa "lee. %aa n# se "reJinta la Trib#nal la tim", va treb#i sa
"lateasa s#ma de bani "entr# garantie.
$AIL $OND&MAN 9 !erson who is res"onsible for "aying the bond for the defendant)s release from Aail.
GARANT 9 !ersoana res"onsabila "entr# "lata garantiei, "entr# eliberarea din inhisoare a relamat#l#i.
$AIL E/ONERATION 9 Bhen yo# get yo#r bail ba=. *r when a bail bondsman or ins#rane 6<s#rety<8
om"any isn)t res"onsible for yo#r bail anymore.
E/ONERARE 9 'ind "rimesti garantia ian"oiC sa# ind #n garant sa# o Asig#rare n# mai sint
res"onsabile "entr# garantia ta.
$AIL %OR%EITURE 9 A o#rt order to let the o#rt =ee" the bail de"osit bea#se the defendant didn)t go
to o#rt when they were s#""osed to.
CON%I&CARE 9 &n ordin al Trib#nal#l#i "in are de"oJit#l sa# garantia sint "astrate, "entr# a
relamat#l n# s9a "reJentat la Trib#nal, la tim".
$AILI%% 9 !erson who is in harge of se#rity in the o#rt. Eailiffs are "i=ed by sheriffs.
%UNCTIONAR ADMINI&TRATI- 9 * "ersoana insarinata # (e#ritatea la Trib#nal. Aestia sint
seletati de sherifi.
$AILMENT& 9 A delivery of goods from one "erson to another in tr#st for "#r"ose of arrying o#t agreed
#"on servies.
GARANTARI 9 Transfer#l de b#n#ri de la o "ersoana la alta, inredintat "entr# inde"linirea serviiilor
onsimtite.
$AIL NOTICE 9 A legal "a"er from the o#rt that says the o#rt will ma=e a BARRA>T for arrest #nless
the defendant goes to o#rt or "ays bail.
NOTI%ICARE DE ARE&T 9 &n do#ment legal are s"#ne a Trib#nal#l va elibera #n *R%$> de arest,
daa relamat#l n# se "reJinta la Trib#nal sa# n#9si "lateste garantia.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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$AIL RECEI"T 9 A written statement that the o#rt gives a defendant that says bail was "aid.
C,ITANTA DE GARANTIE 9 * hirtie srisa "e are Trib#nal#l o da relamat#l#i
onfirmind "lata garantiei.
$AIL RE-IE* 9 A hearing established to re9eval#ate the bail amo#nt that was originally set for the
a#sed.
RE-I0UIREA GARANTIEI 9 * a#diere stabilita "entr# reeval#area s#mei grantiei, are a fost stabilita,
initial "entr# a#Jat.
$ALLARD MOTION 9 A motion for "syhiatri e;amination of "rose#tor)s witnesses 6vitims8.
MOTIUNE DE E/AMINARE 9 ,oti#ne "entr# e;aminarea "sihiatria a marorilor a#Jarii 6vitime8.
$AN) LE-( 9 Bay to enfore a deision against someone who owes money. The money is ta=en from
their he=ing or savings ao#nt at a ban=, savings and loan, or redit #nion.
&UMAIM"U&A 9 ,od de a intari deiJia im"otriva #iva are datoreaJa bani. Eanii sint l#ati din ont#l
#rent sa# ont#l de eonomii, din bana, eonomii si im"r#m#t#ri sa# #ni#nea de redit.
$AN)RU"T 9 The state or ondition of a "erson who is #nable to "ay his or her debts when they are d#e.
FAL$,E>TAT 9 'onditia sa# starea #nei "ersoane are n# "oate sa9si "lateasa datoriile, la tim".
$AN)RU"TC( 9 The legal way for a b#siness or "erson to get hel" when they an)t "ay the money they
owe. $n ban=r#"ty o#rt, they an get rid of debts by "aying "art of what they owe. There are s"eial
ban=r#"ty A#dges at these hearings.
%ALIMENT 9 'alea legala "rin are #n b#siness sa# o "ersoana "oate obtine aA#tor a sa9si "lateasa
datoriile. $n Trib#nal#l s"eialiJat in falimente, aestia "ot sa sa"e de datorii, "latind o "arte din e
datoreaJa. E;ista A#deatori s"eifii "entr# aeste "roese.
$AR 9 All of the lawyers q#alified to "ratie law. For e;am"le, a state bar inl#des all of the lawyers
q#alified to "ratie law in that state.
$AROU 9 Toti avoatii alafiati sa "ratie legea. %e e;em"l#5 #n baro# de statii inl#de "e toti avoatii
alifiati "entr# "ratiarea legii, intr9#n stat.
$AR E/AMINATION 9 A state e;amination that is ta=en in order to be admitted and liensed to "ratie
law.
E/AMINAREA DE CATRE $AROU 9 &n E;amen de (tat dat "entr# a fi admis si lientiat "entr# a
"ratia legea.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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$A&E TERM 9 A term of im"risonment seleted by the o#rt aording to the %eterminate (entening Law.
TERMEN DE &ENTINTA 9 &n termen de "#sarie seletat de Trib#nal, in aord # Legea de
%eterminare a (entintei.
$ATTERED C,ILD &(NDROME 2$!C!&!3 9 !hysial ondition of a hild where e;ternal or internal
inA#ries res#lt from ats ommitted by a "arent or #stodian.
&INDROM DE CO"IL A$U0AT 2$ATUT3 9 'onditia fiJia a #n#i o"il, la are vatamarea interna sa#
e;terna este a#Jata de "arinte sa# #stodian.
$ATTER( 9 $llegal beating or "hysial violene or ontrol of a "erson witho#t their "ermission.
6'om"are with A((A&LT.8
$ATAIE 9 Eataie ilegala sa# violenta fiJia sa# ontrolarea #nei "ersoane fara "ermisi#nea aesteia.
6'om"ara # A( ALT8.
$ATTER(1 &"OU&AL 9 An offensive to#hing or #se of fore on a s"o#se witho#t the s"o#se)s onsent.
(ee EATTERN.
AE&K / D$*LE>TA 'A(>$'A 9 * atingere ofensatoare sa# folosirea fortei as#"ra sotiei/sot#l#i, fara
onsimtamint#l aesteia/aest#ia. 6DeJi EATA$E8.
$EAGLE MOTION 9 A req#est to e;l#de any referene of the defendant)s "rior onvition to the A#ry.
MOTIUNE $EAGLE 9 'erere de a e;l#de orie referire la o ondamnare "reedenta, infataA#ri#l#i.
$E,A-IOR INTER-ENTION "LAN 9 !lan made by a loal ed#ational ageny 6LEA8 as "art of an
individ#aliJed ed#ation "rogram 6$E!8, to hange the behavior of st#dents who harm themselves, assa#lt
others, or are destr#tive.
"LAN DE INTER-ENTIE COM"ORTAMENTALA 9 !lanfa#t de o agentie loala,ed#ationala, a
"arte a #n#i "rogramde ed#are, individ#aliJat, de a shimba om"ortament#lelvilor are se vatama
sing#ri, ii asalteaJa "e altii sa# sint distr#tivi.
$ENC, 9 638 the des= where a A#dge sits in o#rtC 6.8 F#dges in general, or a s"eifi A#dge.
&CAUN JUDECATORE&C 9 638 sa#n#l "e are sade A#deator#l, la trib#nal. 6.8 A#deator#l, in general,
sa# #n an#me A#deator.
$ENC, CON%ERENCE 9 A meeting either on or off the reord at the A#dge)s benh between the A#dge,
o#nsel, and sometimes the defendant, o#t of the hearing of the A#ry.
&CAUN DE CON%ERINTA 9 $ntilnire inregistrata sa# neinregistrata, la sa#n#l A#deatores, intre
A#deator, avoat si #neori relamat, fara"reJentaA#ratilor.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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$ENC, TRIAL 9 Trial witho#t a A#ry. The A#dge deides the ase.
&CAUN DE JUDECATA 9 !ores fara A#rati. F#deator#l deide aJ#l.
$ENC, *ARRANT 9 An order given by the A#dge 6or <benh<8 to arrest a "erson who didn)t do what the
o#rt ordered. For e;am"le, didn)t go to o#rt when they were s#""osed to. 6(ee BARRA>T, BR$T8.
GARANT DE &CAUN 9 *rdin dat de atre A#deator, de a aresta o "ersoana are n# a res"etat ordin#l
Trib#nal#l#i. %e e;em"l#5 n# s9a "reJentat la Trib#nal la tim".
$ENE%ICIAR( 9 (omeone who gets something from a tr#st.
$ENE%ICIAR 9 'ineva are "rimeste eva "rin !R*'&RA.
$ENE%IT O% T,E $ARGAIN RULE 9 R#le whih "rovides that a "erson may reover the differene
between the at#al val#e of the "ro"erty and the val#e that was re"resented.
$ENE%ICIARUL REGULIIINTELEGERII 9 Reg#la are s"#ne a o "ersoana "oate re#"era diferenta
dintre valoarea at#ala a #nei "ro"rietati si valaoarea are a fost re"reJentata.
$E+UEAT, 9 To leave someone something in a will. A
LA&A "RIN TE&TAMENT 9 A lasa mostenire.
$E+UE&T& 9 Bhat yo# leave someone in a will.
TE&TAMENT 9 'eva lasat a mostenire.
$E&T E-IDENCE 9 !rimary "roofC the best "roof available. For e;am"le, an original letter is <best
evidene,< and a "hotoo"y is <seondary evidene.<
CEA MAI $UNA E-IDENTA' %ovada "rimaraC ea mai b#na dovada dis"onibila. %e e;em"l#5 o
srisoare originala este <ea mai b#na dovada<, iar o fotoo"ie onstit#ie dovada se#ndara.<
$E(OND A REA&ONA$LE DOU$T 9 The b#rden of "roof in a riminal ase req#iring that the A#ry be
onvined that every element of a rime has been "roven by the "rose#tion.
DINCOLO DE DU$IU RE0ONA$IL 9 Gre#tatea evidentei intr9#n "roes riminal, erind a A#ri#l sa fie
onvins a fieare element al infrati#nii a fost dovedit de atre A#Jare.
$IA& 9 A "re9oneived o"inion or a "redis"osition to deide a a#se or an iss#e a ertain way.
TENDINTA 9 * o"inie "reone"#ta sa# "redis"oJitia de a deide intr9#n aJ, intr9#n an#mit mod.
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$I%URCATE 9 To try iss#es se"arately, s#h as g#ilt and riminal res"onsibility in a riminal "roeeding or
liability and damages in a ivil ation.
$I%URCARE 9 A A#dea sit#atiile se"arat, #m ar fi vinovatia si res"onsabilitatea riminala intr9#n "roes
riminal sao obligatii si "ag#be intr9#n "roes ivil.
$I%URCATION MOTION 9 A req#est to hange the order in whih iss#es are heard at trial.
MOTIUNE DE $I%URCATIE 2&E"ARARE3 9 'erere de shimbare a ordinei in are sint A#deate
"roblemele.
$ILL O% "ARTICULAR& 9 A statement of the details of the harge made against the defendant.
NOTA DETALIATA 9 * delaratie a a#Jatiilor fa#te im"otriva relamat#l#i.
$IND 9 To ma=e yo#rself or someone else legally res"onsible for something.
LEGARE 9 A se fae "e sine sa# "e altineva res"onsabil legal, "entr# eva.
$IND O-ER 9 A A#dge)s deision before a trial that says there is eno#gh evidene for a trial.
DECI0IE DE JUDECATA 9 %eiJia #n#i A#deator, inainte de A#deata, are s"#ne a e;ista s#fiienta
evidenta "entr# A#deata.
$LOOD'ALCO,OL CONTENT 2$AC3 9 The meas#rement in grams of alohol "er 3//
milliliters of blood or grams of alohol "er .3/ liters of breath.
CONTINUTUL DE ALCOOL IN &INGE 9 ,as#rarea in grame a alool#l#i "e 3// ml de singe sa#
grame de alool "e .3/ L de res"iratie.
$LOOD TE&T 9 Testing someone)s blood sam"le to5 638 see how m#h of a ertain hemial is in the
blood, 6.8 see who is the "arent of a hild.
TE&T %E ($>GE 9 Testarea "robei de singe a #iva "entr# a5 638 determina antitatea #n#i an#mit element
himi in singe, 6.8 determina ine esta "arintele #n#i o"il.
$OD( ATTAC,MENT 9 A written order iss#ed by a o#rt direting a "eae offier to ta=e #stody of
someone and bring them before the o#rt5 38 A witness who fails to om"ly with a s#b"oena, .8 a "arty
who fails to om"ly with a o#rt order in a ivil ation, or ?8 a material witness in a riminal ase.
LEGAREA TRU"ULUI 9 *rdin sris, eliberat de Trib#nal, "rin are #n *fiter este trimis sa ia "e ineva
in #stodie si sa il ad#a la Trib#nalC 638 &n martor are n# s9a s#"#s #nei itatii, 6.8 o "arte are ref#Ja sa
se s#"#na #n#i ordin al Trib#nal#l#i intr9o ati#ne ivila, sa# 6?8 o mart#rie materiala intr9#n aJ riminal.
$ONA %IDE 9 (inere, real witho#t fra#d or deeit. 'omes from the Latin <in good faith.<
$ONA %IDE 9 (iner, real, fara fra#da sa# inselai#ne. !rovine din latina <de b#na redinta.<
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$OND 9 A ertifiate or evidene of a debt.
ACTIUNE 9 'ertifiat sa# evidenta a #nei datorii.
$OO) 2$OO)ING3 9 Bhat the "olie do when they arrest someone. $nl#des ta=ing finger"rints,
"hotogra"hs, and writing down "ersonal information abo#t the "erson.
DO&AR 9 'eea e fae !olitia ind aresteaJa "e ineva. $nl#de l#area am"rentelor, fotografii, si l#area in
sris a informatiei "ersonale a #nei "ersoane.
$OO)ING NUM$ER 9 The n#mber assigned to the riminal reord that orres"onds to the "erson)s
arrest.
NUMARUL DO&ARULUI 9 >#mar#l atrib#it registr#l#i riminal are ores"#nde arest#l#i #nei
"ersoane.
$OO)MA)ING 9 'olleting the bets of others or ma=ing odds on f#t#re gambling events.
"ARIU &AU ACTI-ITATE LEGATA DE "ARIU 9 'oletarea de "ari#ri sa# faerea de "ronosti#ri
"entr# #rmatoarele Ao#ri de noro.
$RAD( MOTION 9 A motion made by defense when they believe the %istrit Attorney has not t#rned over
e;#l"atory and material evidene.
MOTIUNEA $ROD( 9 ,oti#ne fa#ta de A"arare ind se rede a Avoat#l de %istrit n# a "redat
evidenta materiala si e;#l"atorie 6de nevinovatie8.
$RANDI&,ING A *EA"ON 9 (howing a wea"on to another "erson, ty"ially the "olie or the vitim.
ARATAREA DE ARME 9 A arata altei "ersoane arma, de obiei !olitiei sa# vitimei.
$REAC, 9 The brea=ing or violating of a law, right, obligation, or d#ty either by doing an at or failing to
do an at.
INCALCARE 9 Diolarea sa# neres"etarea legii, a dre"t#l#i, obligatiei sa# indatoririi, "rin a fae sa# a n#
fae eva.
$REAC, O% "EACE 9 Every "erson who #nlawf#lly fights in a "#bli "lae or willf#lly and maliio#sly
dist#rbs another "erson by lo#d and #nreasonable noise, or in a "#bli "lae, says offensive words to one or
more "ersons whih are li=ely to start an immediate violent reation.
"ERTR$AREA LINI&TII 9 *rie "ersoana are se earta sa# se bate ilegal, in "#bli si deranAeaJa o alta
"ersoana "rin galagie e;esibila, in mod ra#taios si voit, ori intr9#n lo "#bli, sa# adreseaJa #vinte
ofensatoare #neia sa# mai m#ltor "ersoane, are ar "#tea sa determine o reatie violenta, imediata.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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$REA)ING AND ENTERING 9 Going into someone)s ho#se at night with intent to ommit a felony.
&"ARGEREA &I INTRAREA 9 $ntrarea in asa #iva, in tim"#l no"tii, # intentia de a omite o
infrati#ne.
$REAT,AL(0ER TE&T 9 Testing someone)s breath to see how m#h alohol is in their blood.
TE&TAREA RE&"IRATIEI 9 Testarea res"iratiei #iva "entr# a determina antitatea de alool din
singele lor.
$RI$E 9 A gift, not neessarily of monetary val#e, given to infl#ene the ond#t of the reeiver.
MITA 9 &n ado#, n# nea"arat # valoare monetara, data #iva "entr# a infl#enta A#deata el#i are o
"rimeste.
$RIE% 9 A written statement that eah side gives the o#rt to say why the o#rt sho#ld deide that they are
right.
DECLARATIE 9 %elaratie srisa "e are o da fieare "arte la Trib#nal are s"#ne de e ar treb#i
Trib#nal#l sa deida a a# dre"tate.
$URDEN O% "ROO% 9 Bhen one "erson in the ase has to "rove more than the other "erson.
GREUTATEA E-IDENTEI 9 'ind o "ersoana treb#ie sa ad#a mai m#lta dovada, la #n aJ, deit o alta
"ersoana.
$URGLAR( 9 Bhen someone #nlawf#lly brea=s into or enters a b#ilding or home, and they intend to or do
ommit a theft or other serio#s rime.
FAF 9 'ind o "ersoana intra in mod ilegal, nitr9o ladire sa# o asa # intentia de a f#ra sa# #mite o
infrati#ne serioasa.
$(&TANDER& 9 A hane onloo=erC one who has no onern with the b#siness being ond#ted.
&"ECTATOR' ,artor oaJionalC ineva are este ne"asator # "rivire la desfas#rarea#nei afaeri.
CALENDAR 9 A list, in al"habetial order, of all the ases in eah o#rtroom every day. <To alendar<
something means to give a day, time, and o#rtroom to a ase.
AGENDA 9 Lista, in ordine alfabetia, a t#t#ror aJ#rilor din fieare sala de A#deata, in fieare Ji. A "#ne
"e ineva "e alendar inseamna a desemna o Ji, o ora, o sala de A#deata #n#i "roes.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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CALI%ORNIA RULE& O% COURT 9 The r#les for "raties and "roed#res in 'alifornia)s state o#rts.
REGULI DE TRI$UNAL IN CALI%ORNIA 9 Reg#li "entr# "roed#ri si "ratii in trib#nalele de stat ale
'aliforniei.
CALJIC 9 'AL$F*R>$A F&RN $>(TR&'T$*>(, 'R$,$>AL.
CALLING T,E DOC)ET 9 The "#bli alling of the do=et or list of a#ses at the beginning of o#rt, for
setting a time for trial or entering orders.
&TRIGAREA ROLULUI 9 (trigarea "#blia a rol#l#i sa# listei de "roese la ine"#t#l sesi#nii, "entr# a
desemna ora A#deatii sa# nitrarea ordinelor.
CA"ACIT( 9 The "erson with the ability to "erform #nder his or her will.
CA"ACITATE 9 !ersoana # abilitatea de se manifesta in de aord # "ro"ria9i vointa.
CA"ITAL CA&E 9 A riminal ase where the defendant an get the death "enalty.
CA0 CA"ITAL 9 'aJ riminal in are relamat#l "oate fi ondamnat la moarte.
CA"ITAL CRIME 9 A rime "#nishable by death.
CRIMA CA"ITALA 9 * rima are se "oate "ede"si # moartea.
CA"ITAL O%%EN&E 9 A rime that yo# an get the death "enalty for ommitting.
O%EN&A CA"ITALA 9 'rima are "oate fi "ede"sita # moartea.
CA"ITAL "UNI&,MENT 9 !#nishment by death. 6(ee %EATH !E>ALTN.8
"EDEA"&A CA"ITALA 9 !edea"sa # moartea.
CA"TION 9 Bhat is written at the to" of all "a"ers 6alled <"leadings<8 given to the o#rt. $t says things
li=e ase name, o#rt, and ase n#mber.
TITLU 9 'eea e este sris "e "artea de s#s a oriarei hirtii 6n#mite <"ledoarii<8 date trib#nal#l#i
re"reJentind n#mele aJ#l#i, Trb#nal#l, n#mar#l aJ#l#i.
CARJAC)ING 9 Ta=ing a motor vehile that belongs to someone else against his will, by means of fore
or fear.
LUAREAILEGALA/ %ARA ACORD A MA&INII 9 L#area vehi#l#l#i #iva, im"otriva vointei lor, "rin
folosirea fortei sa# infriosarii.
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CA&E 9 A laws#it. *r a om"laint filed in riminal, traffi, or ivil o#rt.
CA0 9 &n "roes legal. * "lingere ad#sa infata #n#i trib#nal riminal, de trafi, sa# ivil.
CA&E %ILE 9 The folder that has offiial o#rt "a"ers for a ase.
DO&ARUL UNUI CA0 9 &n dosar are ontine toate do#mentele legale ale #n#i aJ.
CA&E%LO* MANAGEMENT 9 How a ase is managed from the first "a"er filed to the final deision.
ADMINI&TRAREA DECURGERII CA0ULUI 9 Administrarea #n#i aJ ine"ind # "rim#l do#ment
"reJentat si "ina la #ltima deiJie l#ata.
CA&E ID 9 $dentifiation n#mber given to ase by the o#rt.
NUMARUL DE IDENTI%ICARE A CA0ULUI 9 >#mar#l de identifiare dat aJ#l#i d atre trib#nal.
CA&E LA* 9 Law made by earlier deisions in similar ases. JURI&"RUDENTA
9 Lege elaborata "rin deiJii anterioare, in aJ#ri similare.
CA&ELOAD 9 The n#mber of ases a A#dge has in a s"eifi time.
&ARCINA DE CA0URI 9 >#mar#l de aJ#ri "e are le are #n A#deator intr9#n interval de tim".
CA&E NUM$ER 9 The n#mber that identifies a ase. This n#mber is on all "a"ers filed in the ase. Also
alled <ase $%.< Also alled %*'MET >&,EER.
NUMARUL DE CA0 9 >#mar#l are identifia #n aJ. Aest n#mar se gaseste "e fieare do#ment
a"artinind aJ#l#i. (e n#meste deasemeni <ase $%.<
'A&(AT$*> 9 The at whih a#ses something else to ha""en.
"RICINUIRE 9 &n at are atrage d#"a sine o intim"lare.
CAU&E 9 A laws#it, litigation, or ation.
CA0 9 &n "roes, litigi# sa# ati#ne.
CAU&E O% ACTION 9 The harges that ma=e #" the ase or laws#it. 6(ee '*&>T(8.
MOI-UL ACTIUNII 9 A#Jatiile are d# la #n aJ sa# #n "roes.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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CAU&TIC C,EMICAL& 9 'orrosive aid or flammable s#bstane.
&U$&TANTE ACIDE 9 Aid oroJiv sa# s#btanta inflamabila.
CAUTIONAR( IN&TRUCTION& 9 Bhen the A#dge tells the A#ry to onsider ertain evidene only for a
s"eifi "#r"ose.
IN&TRUCTIUNI "RE-ENTI-E 9 'ind #n A#deator ere A#ri#l#i sa onsidere an#mite "robe, # #n
so" e;l#siv.
CA-EAT 9 A warningC a note of a#tion.
A-ERTI0ARE 9 AvertiJare, nota de "revenire.
CA-EAT EM"TOR 9 A theory that says yo# b#y things at yo#r own ris=. 'omes from the Latin for <let the
b#yer beware.<
69O998 9 Teorie are s"#ne a iti #m"eri l#r#ri "e "ro"ri#l ris. !rovine din latina5 <#m"arator#l sa fie
atent.<
CEA&E AND DE&I&T ORDER 9 An order of an administrative ageny or o#rt "rohibiting a "erson or
b#siness from doing something.
69O998 9 *rdin al #nei agentii administrative sa# al #n#i trib#nal are interJie #nei "ersoane de a fae eva.
CERTI%ICATE O% "RO$A$LE 'A&(E 9 An order signed by the o#rt granting a defendant the right to
a""eal from a "lea of g#ilty.
69O998 9 *rdin semnat de Trib#nal are "ermite #n#i relamat sa faa re#rs la inriminare.
CERTI%ICATION 9 A A#dge)s order to move a riminal ase to another o#rt in a different o#nty. 69
O998 9 *rdin#l #n#iA#deator de a m#ta #n aJ "enal la #n alt trib#nal sa# intr9#n alt distrit.
CERTI%IED 9 (aying that something is tr#e or an e;at re"rod#tion.
CERTI%ICAT 9 A onfirma eva a adevarat sa# a re"rod#ere e;ata.
CERTI%IED CO"( 9 An offiial o"y of a "a"er from a ase file that is mar=ed as being tr#e, om"lete,
and a real o"y of the original legal ase.
CO"IE AUTENTI%ICATA 9 'o"ie ofiiala a #n#i do#ment, intr9#n "roes, are se onfirma a fi
adevarata, om"leta si o o"ie reala a "roes#l#i legal original.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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CERTIORI 9 A""eal to &.(. (#"reme 'o#rt.
69O998 9 A"el fa#t la TR$E&>AL&L (&!RE, AL (.&.A.
C,AIN O% CU&TOD( 9 A method to tra= the whereabo#ts of evidene from the moment it is reeived in
#stody #ntil it is offered in o#rt.
69O998 9 ,etoda de s#"raveghere a evidentei din moment#l in are este "rimita in #stodie si "ina ind este
oferitalaA#deata.
C,ALLENGE 9 (omeone)s right to obAet to or fight something in a legal ase.
RECU0ARE 9 %re"t#l #iva de a obieta sa# ontesta eva, intr9#n "roes legal.
C,ALLENGE %OR CAU&E 9 Reasons that a lawyer gives for removing a A#ror or A#dge from a ase.
6'om"are with !ERE,!T*RN 'HALLE>GE.8
69O998 9 ,otivele invoate de #n avoat "entr# inlat#rarea #n#i A#rat sa# a #n#i A#deator, dintr9#n "roes
legal.
C,ALLENGE TO T,E ARRA( 9 P#estioning the q#alifiations of an entire A#ry "anel, #s#ally on the
gro#nd of "artiality or some fa#lt in the "roess of s#mmoning the "anel.
CONTE&TAREA LI&TEIJURATILOR 9 'ontestarea alitatii de A#rati, baJata "e "artialitate sa# o
greseala fa#ta in "roes#l de itare a listei de A#rati.
C,AM$ER& 9 A A#dge)s "rivate offie.
CA$INETUL JUDECATORULUI 9 Eiro#l "ersonal al A#deator#l#i.
C,ANGE O% -ENUE 9 Bhen a ivil or riminal ase is moved from one o#rt A#risdition to another.
6(ee DE>&E8.
&C,IM$AREA JURI&DICTIEI 9 Transfer#l #n#i "roes,riminal sa# ivil, de s#b A#risditia #n#i
trib#nal s#b A#risditia alt#i trib#nal.
C,ARACTER E-IDENCE 9 Evidene "ertaining to whether a riminal defendant is a good or bad
"erson.
CARACTER E-IDENT 9 Evidenta "rivitoare la arater#l b#n sa# ra#, al #n#i relamat.
C,ARGE 9 $n riminal law, eah thing the defendant is a#sed of. 6(ee '*&>T8.
ACU0ATIE 9 $n 'od#l !enal, fieare l#r# de are e a#Jat relamat#l.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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C,ARGE TO T,E JUR( 9 The A#dge)s instr#tions to the A#ry onerning the law that a""lies to the fats
of the ase on trial.
DI&CUR& ADRE&AT JURATILOR 9 $nsr#ti#ni date A#ri#l#i de atre A#deator, referitoare la legea are
se a"lia fa"telor in "roes#l "e rol.
C,ARGING DOCUMENT 9 A written a#sation saying a defendant has ommitted an offense. $nl#des
a itation, an inditment, information, and statement of harges.
DOCUMENT DE ACU0ARE 9 *rise a#Jatie delarind a relamat#l a omis #n delit. $nl#de o
itatie, a#Jatie, informatie si o delatratie a a#Jatilor.
C,ATTEL 9 A "iee of "ersonal "ro"erty.
A-ERE 9 * "iesa din "ro"rietatea "ersonala.
C,IE% JUDGE 9 !residing or Administrative F#dge in a o#rt.
"RE&EDINTELE TRI$UNALULUI 9 F#deator#l administrativ sa# are "reJideaJa Trib#nal#l.
C,ILD A$U&E 9 H#rting a hild "hysially, se;#ally or emotionally. A$U0UL
UNUI CO"IL 9 DatamareafiJia, se;#ala sa# emotionala a #n#i o"il.
C,ILD A$DUCTION 9 The offense of ta=ing away a hild by deeit and "ers#asion, or by violene.
RA"IREA NI CO"IL 9 *fensa de l#are a #n#i o"il fie "rin metode de onvingere, fie "rin violenta.
C,ILD MOLE&TATION 9 Any form of indeent or se;#al ativity on, involving, or s#rro#nding a hild
#nder the age of 32.
MOLE&TAREA UNUI CO"IL 9 *rie forma de ativitate se;#ala indeenta, as#"ra #n#i o"il,
im"liind#9l "e o"il sa# fa#ta in "reaAma #n#i o"il, s#b virsta de 32 ani.
C,ILD "ORNOGRA",( 9 Any obsene material that de"its a "erson #nder the age of 32 years
"ersonally engaging in or "ersonally sim#lating se;#al ond#t.
"ORNOGRA%IE IN%ANTILA 9 *rie material obsen are desrie o "ersoana s#b virsta de 32 ani,
angaAind#9se in sa# sim#lind #n at se;#al.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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C,ILD "ROCUREMENT 9 $ntentionally giving, trans"orting, "roviding, or ma=ing available or offering
to give, trans"ort, "rovide, or ma=e available a hild #nder the age of 37 for the "#r"ose of any lewd or
lasivio#s at. Also a#sing, ind#ing, or "ers#ading a hild #nder the age of 37 to engage in any lewd or
lasivio#s at with another "erson.
"RO/ENETI&M 9 Ada, a trans"orta, a f#rniJa sa# a "#ne la dis"oJitieC a oferi sa dai, sa trans"orti, sa
f#rniJa, sa# sa "#ne la dis"oJitie #n o"il s#b virsta de 37 ani, in so"#l #n#i at lasivios sa# de desfrinare.
C,ILD &U""ORT 9 ,oney "aid by a "arent to hel" s#""ort a hild or hildren.
"EN&IE ALIMENATARA 9 (#ma de bani "latita de #n "arinte "entr# s#"ort#l #n#i o"il sa# al mai
m#ltora.
C,ILD &U""ORT EN%ORCEMENT 2C&E3 AGENC( 9 Ageny that e;ists in every state to find
"arents that don)t have #stody. 6alled <non#stodial "arents,< or <>'!s<8. *r to find a "erson ass#med to
be the father of the hild 6<!#tative father< or <!F<8. Also, ma=es, enfores, and hanges hild s#""ort.
'ollets and gives o#t hild s#""ort money.
AGENTIE DE A"LICARE AINTRETINERII CO"ILULUI 9 Agentie are se gaseste in fieare (tat si
are gaseste "arinti are n# a# #stodie, 6n#miti "arinti non#stodiali8. A gasio "ersoana "res#"#sa a fi
tatal o"il#l#i. %e asemeni intareste si fae shimbari in intrtinerea o"il#l#i. 'oleteaJa si trimite banii
"entr# intretinere.
CIRCUM&TANTIAL E-IDENCE 9 All evidene that is indiret. Testimony not based on at#al "ersonal
=nowledge or observation of the fats in dis"#te.
69O998 9 Toate doveJile indirete. ,art#rie are n# este baJata "e #noastere sa# observarea "ersonala a
fa"telor, dis"#tate.
CITATION 9 A '*&RT *R%ER or (&,,*>( that tells a defendant what the harges are. Also tells the
defendant to go to o#rt and/or "ost bail.
CITATIE 9 &n ordin legal sa# somatie are9l informeaJa "e relamat des"re a#Jatiile ad#se. %e asemeni,
il informeaJ "e relamat sa mearga la trib#nal sa# sa "lateasa garantie 6a#ti#ne8.
CITED 9 Bhen a defendant is not in #stody, b#t has signed a ti=et "romising to go to o#rt on a ertain
day.
CITAT 9 'ind #n relamat n# se afla in #stodie, dar a semnat #n tihet "romitind a va merge la trib#nal, la
o an#mita data.
CI-IL ACTION 9 >onriminal ase in whih one "rivate individ#al or b#siness s#es another to "rotet,
enfore "rivate or ivil rights.
"ROCE& CI-IL 9 !roes neriminal in are o "essoana "ari#lara sa# #n b#siness da in A#deata "e
altineva "entr# a se "roteAa, sa# sa intareasa dre"t#ri "rivate sa# ivile.
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CI-IL CA&E 9 A laws#it to get "ro"erty ba=, to fore someone to om"lete a ontrat, or to "rotet
someone)s ivil rights.
"ROCE& CI-IL 9 Ati#ne A#ridia "entr# ret#rnarea "ro"rietatii, silirea #iva sa res"ete #n ontrat sa#
"roteAarea dre"t#rilor ivile ale #iva.
CI-IL JURI&DICTION 9 A o#rt)s right or "ower to hear nonriminal ivil ases.
JURI&DICTIE CI-ILA 9 %re"t#l sa# "#terea #n#i trib#nal de a a#dia aJ#ri ne"enal.
CI-IL "ROCEDURE 9 The r#les and "roess by whih a ivil ase is tried and a""ealed, inl#ding the
"re"arations for trial, the r#les of evidene and trial ond#t, and the "roed#re for "#rs#ing a""eals.
"ROCEDURA CI-ILA 9 Reg#lile si "roed#rile "rin are #n "roes ivil este A#deat si a"elat, inl#Jind
"regatirile"entr# A#deata, reg#lile de administrare a "robelor si desfas#rarea deJbaterii, si "roed#ra de
a"elare.
CI-IL "ROCE&& 9 'o#rt "a"ers that tell the "eo"le in a ivil ase that it has started. *r "a"ers that try to
fore the o#rt to reah a A#dgment.
"ROCE& CI-IL 9 %o#ment legal are instiinteaJa "ersoana im"liata intr9#n "roes ivil des"r
ine"erea aest#ia.
CI-IL RIG,T& -IOLATION& 9 Diolations of the "ersonal, nat#ral rights g#aranteed and "roteted by the
'onstit#tion.
-IOLAREA DRE"TURILOR CI-ILE 9 Diolarea dre"t#rilor "ersonale, nat#rale garantate de
'onstit#tie.
CLAIM 9 The statement of a right to money or "ro"erty.
RE-ENDICARE 9 %elaratie a dre"t#l#i la bani sa# "ro"rietate.
CLAIM O% E/EM"TION 9 A o#rt "a"er filed by the F&%G,E>T %EET*R that lists eah "iee of
"ro"erty that the A#dgment debtor laims is an e;em"t asset #nder ertain "rovisions of the law and,
therefore, an)t be ta=en to "ay the F&%G,E>T.
69O998 9 %o#ment legal "reJentat de %EE$T*R are en#mera b#n#rile are "rin an#mite dis"oJitii ale legii,
n# "ot fi i"oteate.
CLAIM &"LITTING 9 Bhen yo# s"lit #" a ivil laim and file two laws#its to stay below the limit of how
m#h money yo# an as= for. >ot allowed in most ases.
69O998 9 (e"ararea #nei "etitii ivile in do#a ati#ni A#rdie, "entr# a ramine s#b limita s#mei "e are o "oti
ere. $n ele mai m#lte "roese n# este admis.
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CLA&& ACTION 9 A laws#it bro#ght by one or more "ersons on behalf of a larger gro#". ACTIUNE
DE MA&A 9 Ati#ne A#ridia ad#sa de mai m#lte "ersoane, in n#mele #n#i gr#" e;tins.
CLEAR AND CON-INCING E-IDENCE 9 (tandard of "roof ommonly #sed in ivil laws#its and in
reg#latory ageny ases. $t governs the amo#nt of "roof that m#st be offered in order for the "laintiff to win
the ase.
E-IDENTAINDU$ITA$ILA 9 Ti"#l de evidenta folosit in mod om#n in "roesele ivile si fator#l de
reglementare a "ratiilor A#deatoresti. ReglementeaJa n#mar#l de "robe are treb#i sa fie "reJentate,
"entr# a relamant#l sa istige "roes#l.
CLEMENC( OR E/ECUTI-E CLEMENC( 9 At of grae or mery by the "resident or governor to
ease the onseq#enes of a riminal at, a#sation, or onvition. $t may ta=e the form of commutation or
pardon.
'LE,E>TA 9 At de gratiere sa# lementa fa#t de "resedinte sa# g#vernator "entr# a dimin#a
onseintele #n#i at "enal, a#Jatie sa# ondamnare. !oate l#a forma de om#tare sa# iertare.
CLERICAL ERROR 9 An #nintentional mista=e, in writing, whih may be made by ler=, o#nsel, or
o#rt. 6(ee >&>' !R* T&>'.8
EROARE &ECRETARIALA 9 Greseala neintentionata, in sris, are "oate fi fa#ta de f#ntionar, de
avoat sa# de trib#nal. 6DeJi >&>' !R* T&>'.8
CLER) 9 *ffier of the o#rt who files "leadings, motions, A#dgments, et., iss#es "roess, and =ee"s
reords of o#rt "roeedings.
%UNCTIONAR 9 *fiter al Trib#nal#l#i are inregisteaJa deJbateri, moti#ni, A#deati, et., redateaJa
"roese si tine evidenta "roed#rilor trib#nal#l#i.
CLER)4& TRAN&CRI"T 9 Those "leadings, min#te orders, affidavits, written o"inions of the 'o#rt, trial
e;hibits, et., designated by the attorneys whih have been filed d#ring the o#rse of the litigation "roess
are "#t together with the a""eal do#ments and olletively form the 'ler=)s Transri"t.
69O998 9 !ledoariile, min#t#rile de"oJitiile, o"iniile srise ale trib#nal#l#i, "robe materiale ale A#deatii, et.,
onsemnate de avoati si are a# fost inregistrate in #rs#l desfas#rarii "roes#l#i, s#nt "#se im"re#na #
do#mentele de a"el si im"re#na formeaJa .
CLO&ING ARGUMENT 9 'o#nsel)s final statement to the A#dge/and or A#ry after all "arties have
onl#ded their "resentation of evidene.
ARGUMENTUL CONCLU&I- 9 '#vint#l final al avoat#l#i, d#"a e toate "artile si9a# inheiat
"reJentarea "robelor.
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CODE 9 The law reated by stat#tes. For e;am"le, the 'alifornia 'ode of 'ivil !roed#re, 'alifornia 'ivil
'ode, 'alifornia Dehile 'ode, 'alifornia !enal 'ode, and 'alifornia Health and (afety 'ode.
COD 9 Legea reata "rin stat#te. %e e;em"l#5 'od#l de !roed#ra 'ivla al 'aliforniei, 'od#l 'ivl al
'aliforniei, 'od#l de vehiole al 'aliforniei, 'od#l !enal al 'aliforniei si 'od#l (anatatii si (ig#rantei
aliforniei.
CODE O% "RO%E&&IONAL RE&"ON&I$ILIT( 9 The r#les of ond#t that govern the legal
"rofession. The 'ode ontains general ethial g#idelines and s"eifi r#les written by the Amerian Ear
Assoiation.
CODUL DE ETICA "RO%E&IONALA 9 Reg#li de ond#ita in instit#tia legislativa. 'od#l ontine
indr#mari de etia generala si reg#li s"eifie elaborate de Asoiatia Earo#l#i Amerian.
CO'DE%ENDANT 9 $n a riminal ase, an individ#al harged with involvement in the same rime as
another.
CO'ACU0AT 9 &n individ a#Jat de im"liarea in aeeasi infrati#ne # altineva, intr9#n "roes "enal.
CODICIL 6=od)i9sil8 9 A legal "a"er that adds to or hanges a will.
69O998 9 %o#ment legal are ada#ga la, sa# shimba #n testament.
COERCION 9 'om"#lsionC onstraintC om"elling by fore or arms or threat.
COERCITIUNE 9 'om"#lsieC onstringereC fortarea inarmata sa# "rin amenintare.
CON%IDENTIAL RECORD 9 $nformation in a o#rt ase that is not available to the "#bli.
IN%ORMATIE CON%IDENTIALA 9 $nformatie, intr9#n "roes, are n# este aesibila "#bli#l#i.
CON%IDENTIALIT( 9 Treated as "rivate and not for "#bliation.
CON%IDENTIALITATE 9 %e nat#ra "rivata, n# "entr# aes "#bli.
CON%I&CATE 9 To seiJe or ta=e "rivate "ro"erty for "#bli #se 6the "olie too= the wea"on8.
CON%I&CA 9 L#area "ro"rietatii #iva "entr# folos "#bli. 6!olitia a l#at arma8.
CON%LICT O% INTERE&T 9 Bhen yo# have two different interests at the same time. For e;am"le, a
lawyer who re"resents two sides at the same time an)t be fair.
CON%LICT DE INTERE&E 9 'ind ai do#a interese diferite deodata. %e e;em"l#5 #n avoat are
re"reJinta do#a "arti, in aelasi tim", n# "oate fi dre"t.
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CON%ORM CO"IE& 9 To ma=e o"ies idential to an originalC e.g., o"ies with d#"liate signat#res,
d#"liate dates.
CO"II IDENTICE 9 A fae o"ii identie # original#lC e;5 o"ii # semnat#ra in d#"liat, date in
d#"liat.
CON%RONTATION RIG,T 9 %efendant)s right to be fae9to9fae with the witnesses against him or her.
$t generally inl#des the right to as= q#estions and obAet, and to have witnesses testify in "erson.
DRE"T DE CON%RUNTARE 9 %re"t#l a#Jat#l#i de a sta fata in fata # martor#l a#Jarii. $n general,
inl#de dre"t#l de a "#ne intrebarisi a obieta si a avea martorii in "ersoana.
CON&ANGUINIT( ' COLLATERAL 9 The relationshi" that e;ists between "ersons who have the same
anestors, b#t who do not desend, or asend, one from the otherC as between #nle and ne"hew.
CO&ANGUINITATE COLATERALA 9 relatia are e;ista intre"ersoane are a# aeeasi asendenti, dar
are n# ased sa# n# desind #n#l dintr9alt#lC e;5#nhi si ne"ot.
CON&ANGUINIT( ' LINEAL 9 The relationshi" that e;ists "ersons of whom one is desended in a diret
line from the other, as between son, father, grandfather, and so #"wards in the diret asending lineC or
between son, grandson, great9grandson, and so downwards in the diret desending line.
CO&ANGUINITATE LINEARA 9 Relatia are e;ista intre "ersoane, in are #n#l desinde in linie
direta din elalat, a si intre fi#, tata, b#ni, si asa mai de"arte in linie asendentaC sa# intre fi#, ne"ot,
strane"ot, si asa mai de"arte, in linie diret desendenta.
CON&ECUTI-E &ENTENCE& 9 (#essive sentenes, one beginning at the end of another, im"osed
against a "erson onvited of two or more violations.
&ENTINTE &UCCE&I-E 9 (entinte are ine" #na la sfirsit#l eleilalte, im"#se #nei "ersoane
ondamnata de #na sa# mai m#lte violari.
CON&ER-ATEE 9 (omeone who an)t ta=e are of themselves and has a areta=er 6alled the
<'*>(ERDAT*R<8 who the o#rt "i=ed.
69O998 9 'ineva are n# se "oate ingriAi "e sine si are ingriAitor, ales de Trib#nal.
CON&ER-ATOR 9 (omeone "i=ed by the o#rt to either ta=e are of someone who an)t ta=e are of
themselves 6alled a <'*>(ERDATEE<8 or ta=e are of that "erson)s "ro"erty , or both.
69O998 9 'ineva ales de Trib#nal, fie sa ingriAeasa "e ineva ina"abil sa se ingriAeasa "e sine, fie sa
ingriAeasa de "ro"rietatea aest#ia.
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CON&ER-ATOR& ,I" 9 A o#rt "roeeding where a A#dge "i=s someone 6a onservator8 to ta=e are of
an ad#lt)s "ersonal needs and/or his or her finanes. For minors, see G&AR%$A>(H$!.
69O998 9 !roed#ra A#ridia in are A#deator#l alege "e ineva sa aiba griAa de nevoile "ersonale ale #n#i
ad#lt, sa# de finantele l#i/ei. !entr# minori, veJi T&T*RE.
CON&ENT 9 A written agreement to obey a deision or deal. CON&IMTAMINT 9 &n angaAament sris de
a res"eta o deiJie sa# o intelegere. CON&IDERATION 9 The a#se, "rie, or im"elling infl#ene whih
ma=es a "arty enter into a ontrat. CON&IDERARE 9 'a#Ja, "ret#l sa# infl#enta determinanta are fae
a o "arte sa intre intr9#n ontrat.
CON&OLIDATION O% ACTION& 9 Bhen at least two ases that involve the same "eo"le are gro#"ed
together.
CON&OLIDARE DE ACTIUNI 9 'ind el "#tin do#a aJ#ri are im"lia aeiasi oaemni, sint gr#"ate
im"re#na.
CON&ORTIUM1 LO&& O% 9 &nable to have a se;#al relationshi" between a h#sband and a wife.
"IERDEREA CON&ORTIULUI 9 $na"aitatea de a avea relatii se;#ale intre sot si sotie.
CON&"IRAC( 9 Bhere two or more "ersons intentionally agree to ommit rime and do an at towards
ommitting the rime.
CON&"IRATIE 9 'ind do#a sa# mai m#lte "ersoane intentioneaJa, in de aord, sa omita o infrati#ne, sa#
sa omita #n at in so"#l aesta.
CON&TRUCTI-E "O&&E&&ION 9 Bhere a "erson does not at#ally "ossess a thing, b#t =nowingly has
ontrol over it.
69O998 9 'ind o "ersoana n# "oseda #n l#r# dar are ontrol, in mod onstient, as#"ra l#i.
CON&TITUTION 9 The entral law of o#r o#ntry that sets #" the reation, harater, and organiJation of
its "ower and how that "ower is e;erised. The r#le, "rini"les, desri"tions of the government)s "ower,
and the main rights that the "eo"le of a o#ntry or state have.
CON&TITUTIE 9 Legea entrala a tarii noaster are stabileste reerea, arater#l, si organiJarea "#terii ei,
si #m este e;eritata "#terea. Legea, "rini"iile, desrierea "#terii g#vern#l#i, si dre"r#rile "rini"ale "e
are le are "o"#latia #nei tari sa# stat.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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CON&TITUTIONAL RIG,T 9 A right g#aranteed by the &. (. 'onstit#tion, inter"reted by the federal
o#rtsC also, a right g#aranteed by some other onstit#tion 6s#h as a state onstit#tion8.
DRE"T CON&TITUTIONAL 9 %re"t garantat de atre 'onstit#tia (tatelor &nite, inter"retate de #rtile
federale, de asemeni, dre"t garantat "rintr9o alta onstit#tie 6e;5 onstit#tia stat#l#i8.
CONTEMNOR 9 *ne who has ommitted ontem"t of o#rt. 69
O998 9 'ineva are sfideaJa #rtea.
CONTEM"ORAR( COMMUNIT( &TANDARD 9 Bhat is, obAetively ae"table to the omm#nity as
a whole. Asertainment of the standard m#st be based #"on an obAetive determination of what is
#nae"table to the omm#nity as a whole. No#r own "ersonal, soial, or moral views on the material
involved in the ase may not be onsidered.
69O998 9 'eea e ese in mod obietiv ae"tat de om#nitate in ansambl#. (tabilirea standard#l#i treb#ie sa fie
baJat "e o o determinare obietiva a e este inae"tabil, in nasambl# de atre om#nitate. Dederile
"ersonale, soiale, sa# morale as#"ra material#l#i im"liat, s9ar "#tea sa n# fie osiderat.
CONTEM"T 2O% COURT3 9 %isobeying a o#rt order. !#nishment an be a fine or Aail.
&%IDARE 9 $gnorarea ordin#l#i trib#nal#l#i. !edea"sa "oate fi amenda sa# inhisoarea.
CONTINUANCE 9 !#tting off a o#rt ase to a later date. 6(ee A%F*&R>,E>T8.
AMINARE 9 Re"rogramarea #n#i "roes "entr# o data viitoare.
CONTINUING E/CLU&I-E JURI&DICTION 9 Theory that only one s#""ort order sho#ld be valid
between the same "eo"le at a time. And when a o#rt hears a hild s#""ort ase, it an add to and hange
that order. The o#rt of ontin#ing e;l#sive A#risdition has ontrol over a s#""ort ase #ntil another o#rt
ta=es it away. This is defined in the &niform $nterstate Family (#""ort At 6&$F(A8.
69O998 9 Teoria a n#mai #n sing#r ordin de s#"ort ar treb#i sa fie valabil intre aeleasi "ersoane, la #n
moment dat. $ntr9#n "roes "entr# "ensia alimentara a o"il#l#i, trib#nal#l "oate sa ada#ge sa# sa shimbe
ael ordin. F#risditia "ermanenta si e;l#siva a trib#nal#l#i are ontrol as#"ra "roes#l#i de s#"ort "ina
ind este l#at de #n alt trib#nal. Aesta este definit in &$F(A.
CONTRACT 9 638 an agreement between two or more "eo"le to do or not to do a "arti#lar thingC 6.8 an
agreement between two or more "eo"le that ma=es, hanges, or ends a legal relationshi".
69O998 9 638 $ntelegerea dintre do#a sa# mai m#lte "ersoane de a fae sa# a n# fae eva an#meC 6.8
intelegere dintre do#a sa# mai m#lte "ersoane are fae, shimba sa# inheie o relatie legala.
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CONTRI$UTOR( NEGLIGENCE 9 A legal dotrine that says if the "laintiff in a ivil ation for
negligene also was negligent, in any way, he or she annot reover damages from the defendant for the
defendant)s negligene.
NEGLIJENTA CONTRI$UTORIE 9 %otrina legala are intr9o ati#ne ivila de negliAenta, s"#ne a
daa relamant#l a fost de asemeni negliAent, in orie mas#ra, el sa# ea n# "oate re#"era "ag#bele de la
relamat, datorate negliAentei relamat#l#i.
CONTROLLED &U$&TANCE& 9 Any dr#g identified by law whose availability is restrited. &nless
otherwise s"eified, a dr#g, s#bstane, or immediate "re#rsor whih is listed in any shed#le in Health I
(afety 'ode setions 33/14, 33/11, 33/17, 33/1- or 33/12.
69O998 9 *rie mediament identifiat "rin lege, al arei aesibilitate este limitata. %aa n# este mentionat
altfel, #n mediament, s#bstanta sa# "re#rsor imediat are este en#merat "e orie "rograma in 'od#l
(anatatii si (ig#rantei, setiile5 33/14, 33/11, 33/17, 33/1- or 33/12.
CON-ER&ION 9 The wrongf#l ass#m"tion of ownershi" over the goods or "ersonal "ro"erty belonging to
another.
CON-ERTIRE 9 $ns#sirea ilegala a b#n#rilor sa# "ro"rietatii "ersonale a"artinind alt#iva.
CON-E( 9 638 to give the title to "ro"erty to someone else. 6.8 to ma=e =nown or omm#niate.
TRAN&%ERA 9 638 A da dre"t#l de "ro"rietate alt#iva. 6.8 a transmite, a om#nia.
CON-ICT 9 638 A "erson who has been fo#nd g#ilty of a rime and is serving a sentene for that rimeC a
"rison inmate. 6.8 To find a "erson g#ilty of an offense by either a trial or a "lea of g#ilty.
CONDAMNAT 9 638 !ersoana are a fost gasita vinovata de o infrati#ne, si serveste o sentinta "entr#
infrati#nea res"etivaC #n intemnitat. 6.8 A gasi o "ersoana, vinovata de o ofensa fie "rin A#deare sa#
delaratie de vinovatie.
CON-ICTION 9 Bhen a A#dge or A#ry finds a riminal defendant g#ilty. CONDAMNARE
9 'ind #n A#deator sa# #n or" de A#rati il gaseste "e a#Jat, vinovat.
CORONER 9 !#bli offiial harged to inq#ire into the a#ses and ir#mstanes of any death whih o#rs
thro#gh violene or s#ddenly 6s#s"iio#s a#ses8.
"ROCUROR 9 A#toritate "#blia insarinata sa anheteJe a#Jele si ir#mstantele #n#i dees s#bit sa#
"rin violenta. 6'a#Je s#s"ete8.
COR"ORATION 9 A gro#" of "ersons who get a harter granting them as a body ertain legal "owers,
rights, "rivileges, and liabilities as an individ#al.
COR"ORATIE 9 &n gr#" de "ersoane arora li se garanteaJa "#teri legale a si or", dre"t#ri, "rivilegii
si res"onsabilitati a si indiviJi, "rintr9o arta. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
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COR"U& DELECTI 9 Eody of the rime. The obAetive "roof that a rime has been ommitted. $t
sometimes refers to the body of the vitim of a homiide or to the harred remains of a b#rned ho#se, b#t the
term has a broader meaning. For the state to introd#e a onfession or to onvit the a#sed, it m#st "rove
the o#rrene of a s"eifi inA#ry or loss and a riminal at was the so#re of that "arti#lar inA#ry or loss.
COR" DELICT 9 *biet#l rimei. %ovada obietiva a o infrati#ne a fost omisa. &neori se refera la
tr#"#l vitimei #nei om#ideri, sa# la ramasitele arboniJate ale #nei ase arse, dar termen#l are o
insemnatate mai larga. !entr# a stat#l sa introd#a o mart#rie sa# sa ondamne a#Jat#l, treb#ie sa
dovedeasa fa"t#l a o an#me vatamare sa# "ierdere si #n at irminal, a fost s#rsa aelei vatamari sa#
"ierderi.
CORRO$ORATE 9 To s#""ort with evidene or a#thorityC ma=e more ertain.
CORO$ORA 9 A s#stine "rin evidenta sa# a#toritateC a stabili # ertit#dine.
CORRO$ORATING E-IDENCE 9 (#""lementary evidene that tends to strengthen or onfirm the
initial evidene.
E-IDENTA CORO$ORANTA 9 Evidenta s#"limentara are tinde sa intareasa sa# sa onfirme evidenta
initiala.
CORRO$ORATION 9 'onfirmation or s#""ort of a witness) statement or other fat.
CORO$ORARE 9 'onfirmarea s#"ort#l#i delaratiei #n#i martor sa# alt fa"t.
CORRU"TL( 9 %ishonestly.
CORU"T'Ne5ins6i6!
CO&T& 9 638 Fees and harges that a "arty "ays to file and "resent a o#rt ase or to enfore a A#dgmentC 6.8
money won in a ivil s#it to "ay for e;"enses.
C,ELTUIELI DE JUDECATA 9 213 Ta;e "e are le "lateste o "ersoana "entr# a deshide #n "roes legal
sa# a im"#ne o sentintaC 6.8 bani istigati intr9#n "roes ivil "entr# a "lati helt#ielile.
COUN&EL 9 *ne or more lawyers who re"resent a lient. Also, legal advie. 6(ee ATT*R>EN8.
A-OCAT 9 &n#l sa# mai m#lti avoati are re"reJinta #n lient. %e asemeni sfat legal.
COUN&EL TA$LE 9 The "hysial loation where the defense and "rose#ting "arties are seated d#ring the
trial.
MA&A A-OCATILOR 9 Lo#l "ro"ri#9Jis #nde sint aseJate "artea a#Jarii si ea a a"ararii, in tim"#l
"roes#l#i.
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COUNT 9 Eah se"arate harge 6or statement8 in a riminal ase. 6(ee 'HARGE8.
CA" AT DE ACU0ARE 9 Fieare a#Jatie 6sa# delaratie8 intr9#n "roes "enal.
COUNTERCLAIM 9 An inde"endent harge by one side in a ase 6either the "laintiff or defendant8 that
goes against the laim made by the other side.
CONTRA"RETENTIE 9 A#Jatie inde"endenta fa#ta de #na din "arti 6fie de relamant fie de
relamat8, fa#ta im"otriva a#Jatiei eleilalte "arti.
COUNTER%EIT 9 To forge, to o"y or imitate, witho#t a#thority or right, and with the "#r"ose to deeive
by "assing off the o"y as gen#ine.
%AL&I%ICA 9 A "lastografia, o"ia sa# imita, fara a#toriJare sa# dre"t, in so"#l de a insela "retinJind a
o o"ie este de fa"t original#l.
COUNT( JAIL 9 A b#ilding or str#t#re #sed to "#t alleged riminals and/or onvited riminals of loal
area rimes.
INC,I&OARE LOCALA 9 * ladire sa# edifii# folosit "entr# detentia "res#"#sii in#l"ati sa#
ondamnatii are a# omis infrati#nea in aria loala.
COURT 9 A A#dge or gro#" of A#dges whose Aob is to hear ases and arry o#t A#stie. 6(ee EE>'H.8
JUDECATORIE 9 F#deator sa# gr#" de A#deatori a aror sarina este sa A#dee aJ#ri si sa a"lie
dre"tatea.
COURT A""OINTED &"ECIAL AD-OCATE& 2CA&A3 9 These are vol#nteers who re"resent ab#sed and
negleted hildren.
69O998 9 Dol#ntari are re"reJinta o"ii ab#Jati si negliAati.
COURT ATTENDANT 9 !rovide o#rtroom s#""ort in seleted o#rtrooms by "erforming limited
se#rity9related and lerial d#ties and serving as the o#rt liaison for A#ries, witnesses, attorneys and the
"#bli.
%UNCTIONAR AL TRI$UNALULUI 9 !ersoana are, in adr#l trib#nal#l#i, inde"lineste an#mite
sarini seretariale si de se#ritate, si serveste de legat#ra intre A#rati, martori, avoati si "#bli.
COURT ADMINI&TRATOR/CLER) O% COURT 9 An offier a""ointed by the 'o#rt or eleted to
oversee the administrative, non9A#diial ativities of the o#rt.
%UNCTIONAR AL TRI$UNALULUI 9 *fiter n#mit de trib#nal sa# ales sa s#"ravegheJe ativitatile
administrative, non9A#deatoresti ale trib#nal#l#i.
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COURT A""OINTED COUN&EL 9 A defense attorney assigned by the o#rt to re"resent a defendant who
annot afford to hire an attorney.
A-OCAT DIN O%ICIU 9 Avoat al a"ararii desemnat de trib#nal sa re"reJinte "e ineva are n#9si "oate
"ermite sa angaAeJe #n avoat.
'*&RT '*(T( 9 The e;"enses of "rose#ting or defending a laws#it, other than the attorneys) fees. An amo#nt of
money may be awarded to the s#essf#l "arty 6and may be reoverable from the losing "arty8 as reimb#rsement for
o#rt osts.
C,ELTUIELI DE JUDECATA 9 'ost#rile om"ortate de a#Jare si a"arare, intr9#n "roes leagal, "e
linga ta;ele avoat#l#i. * s#ma de abni are "oate fi aordata "artii istigatoare 6si are "oate fi re#"erata
de la "artea are a "ierd#t8, a ramb#rsare "entr# helt#ielile de A#deata.
COURT O% RECORD 9 A o#rt in whih the "roeedings are reorded, transribed, and maintained as
"ermanent reords.
REGI&TRATURA 9 F#deatoria la are "roed#rile sint inregistrate, transrise, si mentin#te a registre
"ermanente.
COURT ORDER 9 A deision made by a A#diial offier that gives someone ertain rights or tells
someone to do something.
ORDONANTA JUDECATOREA&CA 9 %eiJie fa#ta de #n ofiter A#diiar are da #iv an#mite
dre"t#ri, sa# ordona #iva sa faa eva.
COURT RE"ORTER 9 (omeone who writes down, word for word, what is said in o#rt. Bhat is
reorded is alled a TRA>('R$!T.
GRE%IER 9 'ineva are srie #vint de #vint, e se s"#ne intr9#n "roes. 'eea e se inregistreaJa este
n#mit %*'&,E>T.
COURT TRIAL 9 A trial witho#t a A#ry. A A#dge deides the ase.
"ROCE& DE JUDECATA' !roes legal faraA#rati. F#deator#l deide aJ#l.
COURT1 A""EAL& 9 $n some states, the highest a""ellate o#rt, where it is the 'o#rt)s deision whether to
hear the ase.
'&RTE, A!EL&R$ 9 $n #nele state, ea mai inalta #rte de a"el, #nde se stabileste de atre #rte daa se va
A#dea #n aJ sa# n#.
COURT1 DI&TRICT 9 638 Federal 9 A trial o#rt with general Federal A#risdition. 6.8 (tate 9 ,eaning
varies from state to state.
DI&TRICT JUDECATORE&C 9 638 Federal9 F#deatorie # A#risditie federala. 6.8 (tat9 '# insemnatate
diferita de la stat la stat.
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COURT1 JU-ENILE 9 A o#rt having A#risdition over ases involving hildren #nder a s"eified age,
#s#ally 32. 'ases generally involve delinq#ent, de"endent, and negleted hildren.
TRI$UNAL JU-ENIL 9 Trib#nal # A#risditie as#"ra aJ#rilor im"liind o"ii de o an#mita virsta, de
obiei 32 ani. 'aJ#rile im"lia de obiei o"ii deliventi, de"endenti si negliAati.
COURT1 NIG,T 9 A s"eialiJed o#rt that deals with ases d#ring the late evening and early morning
ho#rs.
CURTE1 NOA"TEA 9 F#deatorie s"eiala are are de9a fae # "roese in tim"#l orelor de seara tirJi# sa#
dimineata de vreme.
COURT1 &U"ERIOR 9 Trial o#rtC meaning varies from state to state.
CURTE &U"ERIOARA 9 F#deatorieC insemnatatea difera de la stat la stat.
COURT1 TRA%%IC 9 A s"eialiJed o#rt that hears rimes dealing with traffi offenses.
'&RTE, TRAF$' 9 F#deatorie s"eiala are A#dea infrati#ni legate de trafi.
COURTE&( NOTICE 9 A notie made by a om"#ter that is #s#ally sent for traffi violations to tell a
defendant abo#t a o#rt date, bail, et.
NOTA DE CURTOA0IE 9 >ota generata de om"#ter trimisa, de obiei, "entr# violari de trafi,
informind vinovat#l des"re data "roes#l#i, des"re a#ti#ne, et.
COURTROOM 9 The setion of a o#rtho#se in whih the A#dge "resides over the "roeedings.
&ALA DE TRI$UNAL 9 (eti#nea #nei A#deatorii #nde A#deator#l "reJideaJa "roed#rile.
COURTROOM CLER) 9 'o#rtroom "ersonnel who attends o#rt sessions and "re"ares reord of o#rt
"roeedings in onformane with stat#tes, "oliies, and the diretion of a F#dgeC swears in witnesses and
A#riesC maintains e;hibits offered in evidene.
%UNCTIONAR JUDECATORE&C 9 !ersonal are aA#ta in desfas#rarea sesi#n#lor de A#deata si
"regateste "roed#rile de A#deata in onformitate # stat#te, reg#li si instr#ti#nile #n#i A#deatorC
defereste A#ramint#l martorilor, A#ratilorC "astreaJa "robele materiale oferite a evidente.
CREDI$ILIT( 9 The q#ality in a witness whih ma=es his or her testimony believable.
CREDI$ILITATE 9 'alitatea are fae mart#ria #iva "la#Jibila.
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CREDIT 9 Arrangement or #nderstanding by the ma=er of a he= with the "erson/instit#tion #"on whih
the order is drawn, for the "ayment of that he= #"on its "resentation.
69O998 9 AranAament#l sa# intelegerea fa#ta de el are "reJinta #n e, # "ersoana / instit#tia, de la are se
trage fond#l, "entr# "lata e9#l#i, la "reJentare.
'R$,E 9 (omething yo# do, or don)t do, that brea=s a law. $f yo# are fo#nd g#ilty, yo# an be "#nished by5 deathC Aail
or "risonC fineC being removed from offieC being #nable to hold any offie of honor, tr#st, or "rofit.
IN%RACTIUNE 9 'eva e fai sa# n# fai "rin are se inala legea. %aa esti gasit vinovat, "oti fi
"ede"sit #5 moarteaC inhisoare "e viata, amendaC onedierea din f#ntieC ina"aitatea de a mai avea o
f#ntie sa# titl#, redibilitate sa# "rofit.
CRIMINAL 'A(E 9 A o#rt ase that starts bea#se of a rime.
"ROCE& "ENAL 9 &n "roes legal are are lo din a#Ja omiterii #nei ifrati#ni.
CRIMINAL CONDUCT 9 The nat#re of or involving a rime.
CONDUITA "ENALA 9 >at#ra #nei infrati#ni sa# eea e im"lia o infrati#ne.
CRIMINAL IN&ANIT( 9 La= of mental ability to do or =ee" from doing a "arti#lar atC not able to
disting#ish right from wrong.
NEGLIJENTA "ENALA 9 At6e8 grav, neatent sa# flagrant are in ontrast # ond#ita #nei "ersoane
normale, "r#dente, in im"reA#rari similare, negliAeaJa res"et#l "entr# viata #mana sa# este indeferent fata
de onseintele aestor ate.
CRIMINAL RECORD 9 638 Arrest reord. A written ao#nt listing all the instanes in whih a "erson has
been arrested. 6.8 A form om"leted by a "olie offier when a "erson is arrested.
DOCUMENT "ENAL 9 638 %o#ment#l de arest. &n do#ment are inregistreaJa toate ir#mstantele in
are a fost arestata o "ersoana. 6.8 &n form#lar om"letat de #n organ de "olitie la arestarea #nei "ersoane.
CRIMINAL &TREET GANG 9 An ongoing organiJation, assoiation, or gro#" of three or more "ersons,
having as one of its "rimary ativities the ommission of one or more riminal ats, having a ommon
name or ommon identifying sign or symbol, and whose members individ#ally or olletively engage in or
have engaged in a "attern of riminal gang ativity.
69O998 9 &n gr#" organiJat format din trei sa# mai m#lte "ersoane are a# a ativitate "rimordiala omiterea
#neia sa# mai m#ltor infrati#ni,si are a# #n n#me om#n, sa# #n semn sa# simbol distintiv, si al ar#i
membri se angaAeJa in mod individ#al sa# oletiv intr9o ativitate de nat#ra "enala.
CRIMINAL &UMMON& 9 An order ommanding an a#sed to a""ear in o#rt.
ORDINE "ENALE 9 *rdin are il obliga "e #n a#Jat sa se "reJinte la A#deata.
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CRO&&'CLAIM 9 A laim filed by defendant6s8 or "laintiff6s8 against eah other.
"LINGERE RECI"ROCA 9 !lingere fa#ta de relamat6i8, sa# relamant6i8, #n#l im"otriva el#ilalt.
CRO&&'E/AMINATION 9 Bhen the other side)s lawyer as=s a witness q#estions in a hearing or trial. 69
O998 9 'ind avoat#l "artii o"#se hestioneaJa #n martor, intr9#n "roes.
CUMULATI-E &ENTENCE& 9 (entenes for two or more rimes to r#n a onse#tively, rather than
on#rrently. 6(ee '*>'&RRE>T (E>TE>'E( A>% '*>(E'&T$DE (E>TE>'E(.8
&ENTINTE CUMULATI-E 9 (entinte "entr# do#a sa# mai m#lte infrati#ni are se is"ases onse#tiv
si n# onomitent.
CU&TODIAL "ARENT 9 The "arent that has "rimary are, #stody, and ontrol of the hild6ren8. 69
O998 9 !arintele are este insarinat # ingriAirea, #stodia si ontrol#l o"il#l#i/o"iilor.
CU&TOD( 9 638 Bhen someone is #nder the "hysial ontrol of the o#rt to ma=e s#re they go to o#rt when they)re
s#""osed toC 6.8 when the A#dge sends a "erson to Aail after they are fo#nd g#ilty of a rimeC 6?8 the are and ontrol of
hildren.
CU&TODIE 9 638 'ind ineva este fiJi s#b s#"ravegherea trib#nal#l#i "entr# a se asig#ra a aesta se va
"reJenta la A#deata, la tim"C 6.8 ind A#deator#l trimite o "ersoana la inhisoare d#"a e a fost gasita
vinovata de o infrati#ne. 6?8 ingriAirea / s#"ravegherea o"il#l#i.
CU&TOD( ORDER 9 A o#rt order that says who a hild will live with and who sho#ld ma=e deisions
abo#t health are, ed#ation, and other im"ortant things.
ORDIN DE CU&TODIE 9 *rdin A#deatores are s"#ne # ine va trai o"il#l, ine va l#a deiJii #
"rivire la ingriAirea mediala, ed#atia alte l#r#ri im"ortante.
CU&TOM 9 A #sage or "ratie of the "eo"le, whih, by ommon ado"tion and aq#iesene, has beome
om"#lsory.
O$ICEI 9 !ratii si de"rinderi are "rin ado"tare si onsimtamint a# devenit obligatorii.
DAMAGE& 9 ,oney that the losing side m#st "ay to the winning side to ma=e #" for losses or inA#ries.
There are two =inds of damages5 638 <om"ensatory,< meaning money to "ay for the at#al ost of an inA#ry
or lossC and 6.8 <"#nitive< or <e;em"lary,< meaning an amo#nt of money that)s more than the at#al
damages. This is a "#nishment for willf#l or maliio#s ats.
DAUNE 9 Eani "latiti deatre "artea are "ierde, "artii istigatoare, "entr# a om"ensa "ag#bele si
"reA#diiile. (int do#a fel#ri de da#ne5 638 <om"ensatorie< re"reJentind bani "latiti "entr# ost#l at#al al
"reA#diiilor si "ag#belorC 6.8 <"#nitiva< sa# <e;em"lara< insemnind o s#ma de bani mai mare deit at#ala
"ag#ba. Aeasta este o "edea"sa "entr# ate voite si ra#taioase.
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DEADL( *EA"ON 9 Any wea"on, instr#ment or obAet that is a"able of being #sed to inflit death or
great bodily inA#ry.
ARMA MORTALA 9 *rie arma, instr#ment sa# obiet are "oate fi folosit in a#Jarea mortii sa# #nei
vatamari fiJie serioase.
DEAT, "ENALT( 9 %eath im"osed by the state as "#nishment for a serio#s rime. 6(ee 'A!$TAL
!&>$(H,E>T.8
"EDEA"&A CU MOARTEA 9 ,oartea im"#sa de stat a "edea"sa "entr# o infrati#ne serioasa. 6DeJi
!E%EA!(A 'A!$TALA8.
DEAT, RO* 9 The area of a state or federal "rison where riminals who are sentened to death are
onfined #ntil their sentene is omm#ted or arried o#t.
69O998 9 Kona #nei inhisori federale sa# de stat #nde riminalii ondamnati la moarte sint tin#ti "ina ind
sentinta le este fie om#tata sa# e;e#tata.
DECEDENT 9 $n riminal law, it means a m#rder vitimC in "robate law, it means a dead "erson.
DE%UNCT 9 $n legea "enala, inseamna vitima rimeiC in legea "robatorie inseamna o "ersoana moarta.
DECI&ION 9 A o#rt)s A#dgment or deree that settles a dis"#te. 6(ee also %E'REE, F&%G,E>T.8
DECI0IE 9 Derdit#l sa# sentinta are larifia o dis"#ta.
DECLARATION 9 A statement that a "erson writes and files with the o#rt. $t tells the A#dge why the
"erson sho#ld win the ase. (ometimes, a "erson signs this #nder "enalty of "erA#ry.
DECLARATIE 9 At sris "e are o "ersoana il "reJinta la A#deatorie. Aesta il informeaJa "e A#deator de
e rede "ersoana a treb#ie sa istige aJ#l. &neori, o "ersoana treb#ie sa semneJe aest at s#b A#ramint.
DECLARATION O% "ATERNIT( 9 Form signed by #nmarried "arents, generally at the hos"ital, where
the "arents delare who is the father of the hild.
DECLARATIE DE "ATERNITATE 9 Form#lar semnat de "arintii neasatoriti, in general la s"ital, in are
"arintii delara ine este tatal o"il#l#i.
DECLARATOR( JUDGMENT 9 A A#dgment of the o#rt that e;"lains what the e;isting law is or
e;"resses the o"inion of the o#rt witho#t the need for enforement.
69O998 9 %eiJie a trib#nal#l#i are e;"lia semnifiatia legii, sa# e;"rima o"inia trib#nal#l#i fara a o
im"#ne.
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DECREE 9 A o#rt deision. $t an be 638 <interlo#tory,< whih means it is not a final deision, or 6.8
<final,< whih means all iss#es of the ase are settled.
DECRET 9 %eiJie A#deatoreasa. !oate sa fie 638 <interlo#torie<, are inseamna a n# este o deiJie
definitiva, sa# 6.8 <finala< are inseamna a toate "roblemele s9a# larifiat.
DE %ACTO "ARENT 9 A "erson fo#nd by the o#rt to have ass#med, on a day9to9day basis, the role of
"arent, f#lfilling both the hild)s "hysial and "syhologial needs for are and affetion, and who has
ass#med that role for a s#bstantial "eriod.
"ARINTE DE %A"T 9 !ersoana gasita de atre A#deatorie de a9si fi as#mat rol#l de "arinte, inde"linind
nevoile fiJie si "sihologie de ingriAire si afeti#ne, si are si9a as#mat rol#l aela "entr# o "erioada
indel#ngata de tim".
DE %ACTO 9 To e;erise "ower in a A#venile de"endeny ase. Latin meaning <from the fat.< 69
O998 9 A e;erita "#tere intr9#n aJ de de"endenta A#venila. $nsemnatatea latina5<de fa"t.<
DE%AMATION 9 Bhen one "erson h#rts another "erson)s harater, fame, or re"#tation by ma=ing false
and maliio#s statements that are not "roteted by law.
DE%AIMARE 9 'ind o "ersoana denigreaJa arater#l #nei "ersoane, faima sa# re"#tatia, faind
dealratii ra#taioase are n# sint "roteAate "rin lege.
%EFA&LT 9 Bhen a defendant in a ivil ase doesn)t file an answer or go to o#rt when they)re s#""osed to,
b#t was "ro"erly notified.
IN LI"&A 9 'ind #n relamat n# ras"#nde intr9#n "roes ivil sa# n# se "reJinta la A#daata ind treb#ie si
a fost an#ntat.
%EFA&LT F&%G,E>T 9 A o#rt deision in favor of the "laintiff when the defendant doesn)t answer or go to o#rt
when they)re s#""osed to.
JUDECATA IN LI"&A 9 %eiJia #n#i trib#nal, in favoarea relamant#l#i, ind relamat#l n# ras"#nde sa#
n# se "reJinta la trib#nal, la data stabilita.
DE%ENDANT 9 $n a ivil ase, the "erson or om"any being s#ed. $n a riminal or traffi ase, the "erson
a#sed of the rime.
RE'LA,AT 9 $ntr9#n "roes ivil, "ersoana sa# om"ania are est data in A#data.
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DE%EN&E 9 $n a ivil ase, the fats or arg#ments "resented by the defendant to show why the "laintiff
doesn)t have a right to the relief as=ed for. $n a riminal ase, the reasons why a defendant sho#ld not be
onvited of the harge6s8.
A"ARARE 9 $ntr9#n aJ ivil, fa"tele sa# arg#mentele "reJentate de relamat "entr# a arata motiv#l "entr#
are relamant#l n# are dre"tate. $ntr9#n aJ ivil, motivele "entr# are relamat#l n# treb#ie sa fie
ondamnat "e baJa a#Jatiilor.
DE%EN&E ATTORNE( 9 $n a riminal ase, the lawyer that re"resents the a#sed "erson 6alled the
<defendant<8.
A-OCATUL A"ARARII 9 $ntr9#n aJ riminal, avoat#l are il re"reJinta "e a#Jat, 6n#mit relamat8.
DE%RAUD 9 To ma=e a misre"resentation of an e;isting material fat, =nowing it to be false or ma=ing it
re=lessly witho#t regard to whether it is tr#e or false. To "ratie fra#dC to heat or tri=. To de"rive a
"erson of "ro"erty or any interest, estate, or right by fra#d, deeit or artifie.
E&CROCA 9 A re"reJenta fals #n fa"t material, stiind a este fals sa# re"rJentind#9l in mod negliAent,
netinind seama daa este adevarat sa# fals. A "ratia fra#daC a insela sa# "aali. A "riva o "ersoana de
"ro"rietate, de "rofit, avere sa# dre"t, "rin fra#da, inselai#ne sa# siretenie.
DEGREE 9 (o"e of an ation or harge.
GRAD 9 !ro"ortia #nei ati#ni sa# a#Jatii.
DELI$ERATE 9 To onsider all the evidene and arg#ments related to a ase that were "resented in o#rt.
DELI$ERA 9 L#area in onsideratie a t#t#ror evidentelor si arg#mentelor legate de #n aJ, are a# fost
"reJentate la A#deata.
DELI$ERATION 9 Bhen a A#ry, for either a ivil or riminal ase, goes into the A#ry room to dis#ss the
evidene and testimony and reah a verdit.
DELI$ERARE 9 'ind #n A#ri# intra in amara A#ratilor "entr# a dis#ta evidentele si mart#ria si a aA#nge
la #n verdit, fie intr9#n aJ ivil sa# riminal.
DELIN+UENC( COURT 9 The division of the F#venile 'o#rt hearing ases where A#veniles have been
harged with ommitting a rime.
TRI$$UNAL DELINC-ENT 9 %iviJi#ne a Trib#nal#l#i F#venil "entr# A#deare a aJ#rilor in are
"ersoane A#venile a# fost a#Jate de omiterea #nei infrati#ni.
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47
DELIN+UENC(1 JU-ENILE 9 Antisoial behavior by a minorC es"eially behavior that wo#ld be
riminally "#nishable if the minor were an ad#lt, b#t instead is #s#ally "#nished by s"eial laws "ertaining
only to minors.
DELINC-ENTA JU-ENILA 9 'om"ortament#l antisoial al #n#i minorC in s"eial #n om"ortament
are s9ar solda # ondamnare daa minor#l ar fi fost ad#lt, dar este in shimb "ede"sit de o lege s"eiala
are se a"lia n#mai la minori.
DEMURRER 9 Bhen a defendant says the fats "resented by a "laintiff may be tr#e, b#t they aren)t eno#gh
to "rove the defendant)s legal res"onsibility.
INTIM"INARE 9 'ind relamat#l s"#ne a fa"tele "reJentate de atre relamant ar fi adevarate dar, n# sint
s#fiiente "entr# a dovedi res"onsabilitatea legala a relamat#l#i.
DENNI& ,! 9 A hearing to determine if there is s#ffiient evidene to s#stain a A#venile o#rt "etition.
69O998 9 * A#deata are hotareste daa e;ista s#fiienta evidenta "entr# s#stinerea #nei "etitii A#venile, la
trib#nal.
DE NO-O 9 (tarting a ase all over again as if it had not been heard before. $n Latin, novo means <new.<
6(ee TR$AL %E >*D*.8
DIN NOU 9ReA#dearea #n#i aJ de la ine"#t, a si ind n# ar fi fost niiodata A#deat inainte. $n latina
novo inseamna no#.
DE"ENDENC( COURT 9 The division of the F#venile 'o#rt hearing ases of hild ab#se and neglet. 69
O998 9 %iviJi#nea Trib#nal#l#i F#venil are A#dea "roesele de ab#J si negliAare a o"il#l#i.
DE"ENDENT C,ILD 9 $n family law, this #s#ally means a hild that is finanially s#""orted by another
"erson. $n A#venile law, this means a minor that is in the #stody of the o#rt bea#se he or she was ab#sed,
negleted, or molested or is "hysially dangero#s to the "#bli bea#se of a mental or "hysial disorder.
CO"IL DE"ENDENT 9 $n legea familiei, aeasta inseamna de obiei ind o"il#l este s#stin#t finaniar
de o alta "ersoana. $n legea A#venila, aeasta inseamna #n minor are se afla in #stodia #n#i trib#nal
"entr# a a fost ab#Jat, negliAat sa# molestat, sa# este fiJi "eri#los "entr# "#bli din a#Ja #nei t#lb#rari
mentale sa# fiJie.
DE"ORTATION 9 The at of removing a "erson to another o#ntry. *rder iss#ed by an immigration
A#dge, e;"elling an illegal resident from the &nited (tates. A de"ortation has ertain onseq#enes
regarding the n#mber of years within whih a de"ortee may not legally immigrate. There are also riminal
onseq#enes for reentry within a "resribed time "eriod.
DE"ORTARE 9 At#l de e;"#lJare a #nei "ersoane in alta tara. *rdin eliberat de atre #n A#deator de
emigrari, e;"#lJind #n reJident ilegal, din (tatele &nite. * de"ortare are an#mite onseinte # "rivire la
n#mar#l de ani in are el de"ortat n# "oate sa imigreJe. E;ista de asemeni onseinte infrationale "rivind
reintrarea, in tim"#l "erioadei interJise.
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DE"O&ITION 9 Britten or oral testimony given #nder oath in front of an a#thoriJed third "erson li=e a
o#rt re"orter. %e"ositions ta=e "lae o#tside of the o#rt. They allow the "arties to get a reord of a
"erson)s testimony, or to get testimony from a witness that lives far away. They an hel" the lawyers
"re"are their o#rt "a"ers alled <"leadings.< 6(ee also %$('*DERN.8
DE"O0ITIE 9 ,art#rie orala sa# srisa, data s#b A#ramint, in fata #ei terte "ersoane, a#toriJate, #m ra fi
#n re"orter al trib#nal#l#i. %e"oJitiile se fa in afara trib#nal#l#i. Ele "ermit "artilor sa "rimeasa o o"ie a
mart#riei "ersoanei, sa# sa "rimeasa mart#ria #nei "ersoane are lo#ieste de"arte. Aestea, de asemeni
aA#ta avoatilor s9si "regateasa do#mentele "entr# A#deata, n#mite "ledoarii.
DE"RI-ATION O% CU&TOD( 9 The o#rt transfer of legal #stody of a "erson from "arents or legal
g#ardian to another "erson, ageny, or instit#tion. $t may be tem"orary or "ermanent.
"RI-AREA DE CU&TODIE 9 Tranfer#l "rin A#deata, al #stodiei legale a #nei "ersoane, de la "arinti sa#
t#tore, la o alta "ersoana sa# instit#tie. !oate sa fie tem"orar sa# "ermanent.
DE"UT( 9 *ne a""ointed to s#bstit#te for another with "ower to at for him in his name or on his behalf.
For e;am"le, a %e"#ty 'o#nty 'ler= is a""ointed on behalf of the 'o#nty 'ler=.
DELEGAT 9 'ineva are este n#mit sa s#bstit#ie "e altineva, avind "#terea sa ationeJe "entr# aesta, in
n#mele l#i si in folos#l l#i.
DE"UT( D!A! 9 An assistant lawyer to the distrit attorney. 69
O998 9 &n avoat are9l asista "e avoat#l distrit#al.
DE&CENT AND DI&TRI$UTION &TATUTE& 9 (tate laws that "rovide for the distrib#tion of estate
"ro"erty of a "erson who dies witho#t a will. (ame as $>TE(TA'N LAB(.
69O998 9 Legi de stat are se o#"a # distrib#irea averii #nei "ersoane are moare fara testament.
DE&TRUCTI-E DE-ICE / E/"LO&I-E 9 any s#bstane, the "#r"ose of whih is detonation or ra"id
omb#stion, and whih is a"able of ra"id release of gas and heat.
E/"LO0I- 9 *rie s#bstanta al arei so" este detonarea sa# omb#stia 6arderea8 ra"ida si are este
a"abila de a alibera, ra"id, gaJ sa# ald#ra.
DETENTION 9 Bhen a "erson is tem"orarily lo=ed #" #ntil the o#rt ma=es a final deision.
DETENTIE 9 'ind o "ersoana este inhisa "ina ind trib#nal#l ia o deiJie fianla.
DETENTION ,EARING 9 The initial hearing in %e"endeny 'o#rt soon after the hild has been
removed from the "arent.
69O998 9 A#dierea initiala in trib#nal#l de <de"endenta<, #rind d#"a e o"il#l a fost l#at de la "arinte.
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DETERMINATE 2&ENTENCE3 9 'onfinement for a fi;ed "eriod as s"eified by stat#te. 69
O998 9 %etentie "entr# o "erioada fi;a de tim", asa #m este s"eifiat de stat#t.
DE-ELO"MENTALL( DI&A$LED 9 Those "ersons, not "syhoti, who are so develo"mentally
disabled from infany or before reahing mat#rity that they are ina"able of managing themselves and their
affairs inde"endently, with ordinary "r#dene, or of being ta#ght to do so, and who req#ire s#"ervision,
ontrol, and are for their own welfare, or for the welfare of others, or for the welfare of the omm#nity.
6Formerly termed <mentally retarded.<8
DE$ILITATE DE DE0-OLTARE 9 !ersoanele, n# ele "siho"ate, are a# debilitate de deJvoltare, din
o"ilarie sa# dinainte de a aA#nge la mat#ritate, fiind ina"abile sa se administreJe "e sine si afaerile
"ersonale, in mod "r#dent, sa# fiind invatate s9o faa, si are a# nevoie de s#"raveghere, ontrol, si griAa
"entr# binele lor, sa# "entr# binele altora, sa# "entr# binele om#nitatii, 6retardat mintal8.
DE-I&E 9 A gift of real "ro"erty by a will.
DI&"O0ITIE TE&TAMENTARA 9 !ro"rietate data in dar, "rin testamnet.
DE-I&EE 9 A "erson who reeives real "ro"erty by will.
&UCCE&OR 9 !ersoana are "rimeste o "ro"rietate, in dar, "rin testament.
DIRECT E-IDENCE 9 !roof of fats by witnesses who saw ats done or heard words s"o=en.
E-IDENTA DIRECTA 9 %ovada a fa"telor fa#ta "rin martori are a# vaJ#t fa"tele fa#te sa# a# a#Jit
#vintele s"#se.
DIRECT E/AMINATION 9 Bhen a witness testifies and answers q#estions as=ed by the "arty that as=ed
them to testify. 6'om"are 'R*((9ERA,$>AT$*>.8
E/AMINARE DIRECTA 9 'ind o "ersoana mart#riseste si ras"#nde la intrebarile "artii "e are $9a er#t
sa de"#na mart#rie.
DIRECTED -ERDICT 9 An instr#tion by the A#dge to the A#ry to ret#rn a s"eifi verdit. >ow alled
F#dgment as a ,atter of Law.
69O998 9 $ndiatia A#deator#l#i atre A#ri# de a reveni la #n an#mit verdit. (e mai n#meste F#deata d#"a
Lege.
DI&$ARMENT 9 Form of disi"line of a lawyer res#lting in the loss 6often "ermanently8 of that lawyer)s
right to "ratie law. $t differs from ens#re 6an offiial re"rimand or ondemnation8 and from s#s"ension
6a tem"orary loss of the right to "ratie law8.
RADIERE DIN $AROU 9 Forma de disi"linare a #n#i avoat, reJ#ltind in "ierderea 6adeseori
"ermanenta8 a dre"t#l#i avoat#l#i de a "ratia avoat#ra. (e deosebeste de enJ#ra 6forma de "edea"sa
ofiiala sa# ondamnare8 si de s#s"endare.
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DI&CLAIM 9 To ref#se a gift made in a will.
A RE&"INGE1 DE0A-UA 9 A ref#Ja #n dar lasat "rin testament.
DI&CLAIMER 9 The re"#diation or ren#niation of a laim or "ower vested in a "erson or whih he had
formerly alleged to be his. The disavowal, denial, or ren#niation of an interest, right, or "ro"erty im"#ted to
a "erson or alleged to be his.
ACT DE RENUNTARE 9 Re"#dierea sa# ren#ntarea la "#terea sa# la #n b#n aordat #nei "ersoane, are
a "retins, la ine"#t a9i a"artine. %eJav#area, renegarea, sa# ren#ntarea la #n "rofit, in dre"t, sa#
"ro"rietate aordate #nei "ersoane sa# "retinse a fi ale aest#ia.
DI&CO-ER( 9 The gathering of information 6fats, do#ments, or testimony8 before a ase goes to trial.
%isovery is done in many ways, s#h as thro#gh de"ositions, interrogations, or req#ests for admissions. $t
an also be done thro#gh inde"endent investigation or by tal=ing with the other side)s lawyer.
CERCETAREA 9 Ad#narea de informatii 6fa"te, do#mente, sa# mart#rii8, ianinte a #n aJ sa fie
A#deat. 'eretarea se fae in m#lte mod#ri5 "rin de"oJitii, interogari, sa# ererea de a re#noaste.
DI&CO-ER( MOTION 9 A motion to have evidene dislosed to the moving "arty.
MOTIUNEA DE CERCETARE 9 ,oti#nea de deJval#ire a evidentelor "artii in misare.
DI&CRIMINATION 9 An at whih onfers "arti#lar "rivileges on a lass arbitrarily seleted.
DI&CRIMINARE 9 At are onfera an#mite "rivilegii seletate arbitrar.
DI&MI&& 9 To terminate legal ation involving o#tstanding harges against a defendant in a riminal ase.
AINCETA 9 A inheia o ati#ne legala are im"lia a#Jatii evidente im"otriva #n#i relamant, intr9#n aJ
infrational.
DI&MI&&AL *IT, "REJUDICE 9 Bhen a o#rt dismisses a ase and will not allow any other s#it to be
filed on the same laim in the f#t#re.
69O998 9 'ind #n trib#nal inheie #n "roes # "ermisi#nea, in viitor, a "roes#l sa fie redeshis.
DI&MI&&AL *IT,OUT "REJUDICE 9 Bhen a o#rt dismisses a ase, b#t will allow other s#its to be
filed on the same laim.
69O998 9 'ind #n trib#nal inheie #n aJ si n# va "ermite, in viitor, a #n alt "roes sa fie deshis.
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DI&ORDERL( CONDUCT 9 Any behavior, ontrary to law, whih dist#rbs the "#bli "eae or deor#m,
sandaliJes the omm#nity, or sho=s the "#bli sense of morality.
COM"ORTAMENT NEREGULAMENTAR' *rie om"ortament, ontrar legii, are t#lb#ra linistea
"#blia si b#na9#viinta, sandaliJeaJa om#nitatea, sa# soheaJa simt#l moral "#bli.
DI&"ARIT( 9 ,ar=ed differene in q#antity or q#ality between two things.
DI&"ARARE 9 %iferenta maranta de antitate sa# alitate intre do#a l#r#ri.
DI&"O&ITION 9 The final deision by the o#rt in a dis"#te.
DI&"O0ITIE 9 %is"oJitia finala a trib#nal#l#i, intr9o dis"#ta.
DI&"O&ITIONAL ,EARING 9 The hearing held after a "etition is s#stained 6allegation fo#nd tr#e8, to
determine whether the hild will beome a de"endent of the o#rt, where the hild will reside, and what
re#nifiation servies, if any, will be "rovided to the "arent.
69O998 9 A#diere tin#ta d#"a s#stinerea "etitiei,"entr# a determina daa #n o"il "oate deveni de"endent al
trib#nal#l#i, #nde va lo#i, si e serviii de re#nifiare 6daa este aJ#l8, vor fi "#se la dis"oJitia "arintel#i.
DI&&ENT 9 To disagree. An a""ellate o#rt o"inion setting forth the minority view and o#tlining the
disagreement of one or more A#dges with the deision of the maAority.
DE0ACORD 9 A n# fi de aord. *"inia #nei #rti de a"el, stabilind vederea minoritatii, si s#bliniind
deJaord#l #n#ia sa# mai m#ltor A#deatori fata de deiJia maAoritatii.
DI&&OLUTION 9 A marriage that is ended by a A#dge)s deision, also =nown as a <divore.< 6'om"are
>&LL$TN.8
DI0OL-ARE 9 &n mariaA desfa#t"rin deiJia #n#i A#deator, de asenmeni #nos#t a
<divort<. 6'om"ara # A>&LAREA8.
DI&&OLUTION O% MARRIAGE 9 The at of terminating a marriageC divoreC b#t the term does not
inl#de ann#lment.
DI0OL-AREA UNUI MARIAJ 9 At#l de desfaere a #nei asatoriiC divortC termen#l n# inl#de an#larea.
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DI&TINCTI-EL( MAR)ED 9 A vehile, o"erated by a "eae offier, is <distintively mar=ed< when in
addition to a lighted red lam" and ativated siren, the vehile is of s#h a""earane that a reasonable "erson
wo#ld be able to reogniJe it as a "eae offier)s vehile, and a "erson fleeing is on reasonable notie that
"#rs#it is by a "eae offier.
MARCAT DI&TICTI- 9 &n vehiol, o"erat de #n ofiter, este marat distintiv, ind "e linga
semnaliJator#l ros# si sirena ativata, vehiol#l arata de asa maniera a o "ersoana reJonabila va "#tea sa9l
re#noasa a"artinind ofiter#l#i de ordine si "ersoana f#gitiva este "erfet onstienta a este #rmarita de #n
ofiter de ordine.
DI&TRICT ATTORNE( 9 A lawyer a""ointed or eleted to re"resent the state in riminal ases in his or
her res"etive A#diial distrits. 6(ee !R*(E'&T*R.8
A-OCAT DE DITRICT' Avoat desemnat sa# ales sa re"reJinte stat#l in aJ#ri infrationale, in
distrit#l ei / l#i A#deatores.
DI&TUR$ING T,E "EACE 9 'ond#t whih tends to annoy all itiJens, inl#ding #nneessary and
distrating noisema=ing.
A TUL$URA LINI&TEA 9 'ond#ita are are tendinta sa9$ inf#rie "e toti lo#itorii, inl#Jind galagie
neneesara si t#lb#ratoare.
DI-ER&ION 9 $nstead of going to Aail, a defendant goes to a rehabilitation 6<rehab<8 "rogram and is
s#"ervised by a "robation offier. Bhen the defendant finishes the "rogram, the harges are dismissed and
the defendant is not sentened. 6'om"are ELE'TR*>$' ,*>$T*R$>G, H*,E ,*>$T*R$>G.8
DE-IERE 9 $n lo de a merge la inhisoare, relamat#l merge la #n "rogram de reabilitare si #nde este
s#"ravegheat de #n ofiter de "robare. 'ind relamant#l termina "rogram#l, a#Jatiile sint ridiate si n#
mai este ondamnat.
DI-ORCE 9 A ommon name for a marriage that is legally ended. (ee %$((*L&T$*>.
DI-ORT 9 >#me legal "entr# #n mariaA are a fost terminat.
DOC)ET 9 A reord with the om"lete history of eah ase a o#rt hears. $t ontains short hronologial
s#mmaries of the o#rt "roeedings.
ROL AL "ROCE&ELOR DE JUDECATA 9 Registr# are ontine toate detaliile #n#i "roes A#deat de
trib#nal. 'ontine #n reJ#mat ronologi al "roed#rilor tirb#nal#l#i.
DOC)ET NUM$ER 9 $dentifiation n#mber that the o#rt ler=)s offie gives a ase. This n#mber is on all
"a"ers filed in the ase. Also alled 'A(E >&,EER.
NUMARUL CA0ULUI 9 >#mar de identifiare "e are ofiter#l il atrib#ie fiear#i "roes. Aest n#mar se
gaseste "e fieare do#ment are ontin#t in dosar. (e mai n#meste >&,AR&L %E 'AK.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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DOE 9 &sed in law o#rts, legal "a"ers, et., to refer to any "erson whose name is #n=nown. 69
O998 9 Folosit la trib#nal, do#mente legale, et., # referinta la "ersoane # n#me ne#nos#t.
DOME&TIC -IOLENCE 9 An assa#lt ommitted by one member of a ho#sehold against another.
-IOLENTA DOME&TICA 9 Asalt omis de atre membr#l #nei familii, as#"ra #n#i alt membr#.
DOMICILE 9 The "lae where a "erson has his or her "ermanent legal home. A "erson may have several
residenes, b#t only one domiile.
DOMICILIU 9 Lo#l #nde ineva are asa legala "ermanenta. * "esoana "oate avea iteva resedinte, dar
#n sing#r domiili#.
DRI-E'$( MURDER 9 ,#rder "er"etrated by means of disharging a firearm from a motor vehile
intentionally at another "erson o#tside of the vehile. Bhen the "er"etrator s"eifially intended to inflit
death, the m#rder is of the first degree.
CRIMA DIN MER& 9 'rima savirsita "rin desararea #nei arme de fo, dintr9#n vehiol, in mod
intentionat, as#"ra #nei "ersonae din afara. 'ind fa"t#itor#l intentioneaJa sa a#JeJe moartea, rima este
de grad#l #n#.
DRI-ING *,ILE INTO/ICATED 2D*I3 9 The #nlawf#l o"eration of a motor vehile while #nder the
infl#ene of dr#gs or alohol. $n some A#risditions it is synonymo#s with DRI-ING UNDER T,E
IN%LUENCE 2DUI31 b#t in others, driving while into;iated is a more serio#s offense than driving #nder
the infl#ene.
CONDUCERE IN &TARE DE E$RIETATE 9 'ond#erea ilegala a #n#i vehiol s#b infl#enta
drog#rilor sa# alool#l#i. $n #nele A#riditii este sinonim # a CONDUCE &U$ IN%LUENTA1 dar in
altele, ond#erea in stare de ebrietate este o infrati#ne mai grava deit a ond# s#b infl#enta.
DRUN) DRI-ING 9 The o"eration of a vehile in an im"aired state after ons#ming alohol that when
tested is above the state)s legal alohol limit.
CONDUCERE &U$ IN%LUENTA 9 'ond#erea #n#i vehiol intr9o stare de ina"aitate, datorata
ons#m#l#i de alool, al ar#i test de"aseste limita legala de aloolemie.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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DUE "ROCE&& O% LA* 9 The reg#lar way that the law is administered thro#gh the o#rts. The &.(.
'onstit#tion says that everyone has to have a day in o#rt, has the right to be re"resented by a lawyer, and
the right to benefit from o#rt "roed#res that are s"eedy, fair, and im"artial.
69O998 9 'alea legala in are este administrate legea in trib#nale. 'onstit#tia (attelor &nite s"#ne a fieare
treb#ie sa aiba o Ji la trib#nal, are dre"t#l sa fie re"reJentat de #n avoat, si dre"t#l de a benefiia de
"roed#rile trib#nal#l#i are sint r"ide, dre"te si im"artiale.
DURE&& 9 'onsists in any illegal im"risonment or threats of bodily harm in order to oere the will of
another and ind#ing him to do an at ontrary to his free will.
CON&TRINGERE 9 'onsta in intemnitarea ilegala a #iva sa# amenintarea # vatamarea or"orala, #
so"#l de a forta vointa #iva si a9l determina sa faa ev im"otriva vointei sale.
EA&EMENT& 9 A right of #se over the "ro"erty of another.
INLE&NIRE 9 %re"t#l de folosire a "ro"rietatii, de atre altineva.
ELEA0ER MOTION 9 A motion to req#ire "rose#tion to dislose the whereabo#ts of an informant or
show that reasonable effort has been made to loate him.
69O998 9 ,oti#ne are ere "ro#ror#l#i sa deJval#ie adresa relamant#l#i sa# sa arte a s9a de"#s efort
s#ffiient "entr# loaliJarea l#i.
ELECTRONIC MONITORING 9 &se of an eletroni devie to =ee" an eye on where a sentened
"erson is in the omm#nity and to restrit his or her ativities, instead of "#tting the "erson in Aail. 6(ee also
H*,E ,*>$T*R$>G8.
&U"RA-EG,ERE ELECTRONICA 9 &n system eletroni "rin are o "ersoana ondamnata este
s#"ravegheata in om#nitatesi ale arei ativitati sint limitate, in lo a "ersoana sa fie intemnitata.
ELECTRONIC TEC,NOLOG( 9 inl#des, b#t is not limited to om"#ter modem, magneti media,
o"tial dis=, fasimile mahine, or tele"hone.
TE,NOLOGIE ELECTRONICA 9 $nl#de, darn # este limitat la modem#l om"#ter#l#i, <media <
magnetia, dis#l o"ti, FAR s# telefon.
ELEMENT& O% A CRIME 9 ("eifi fators that define a rime whih the "rose#tion m#st "rove
beyond a reasonable do#bt in order to obtain a onvition. The elements that m#st be "roven are 38 that a
rime has at#ally o#rred, .8 that the a#sed intended the rime to ha""en, and ?8 a timely relationshi"
between the first two fators.
ELMENTELE UNEIIN%RACTIUNI 9 Fatori s"eifiiare defines o infrati#ne "e are a#Jarea
treb#ie s9o dovedeasa in mod ind#bitabil, "entr# a obtine ondamnarea. Elementele are treb#ies
dovedite 38 a infrati#nea a av#t lo, .8 a a#Jat#l a omis infrati#nea in mod intentionat, ?8 o relatie
tem"orala intre "rimii doi fatori.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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EMANCI"ATION 9 A legal way for hildren to beome ad#lts before they are 32. *ne a hild is
emani"ated, his or her "arents don)t have #stody or ontrol of him or her anymore.
EMANCI"ARE 9 'alea legala "rin are o"iii devin ad#lti, inainte de a im"lini 32 ani. *data #
emani"area o"il#l#i, "arintii l#i / ei n# mai a# #stodia sa# ontrol#l l#i.
EM$E00LE 9 To willf#lly ta=e or onvert to one)s own #se, another)s money or "ro"erty, whih the
wrongdoer initially aq#ired lawf#lly, bea#se of some offie, em"loyment, or some "osition of tr#st.
DELA"IDA 9 A l#a banii sa# "ro"rietatea #iva si a le folosi in so" "ersonal, d#" ae aestea a# fost
obtin#te "e baJa #n#i ofii# sa# "oJitii de inredere.
EM$E00LEMENT 9 Ta=ing "ro"erty by a "erson to whom the "ro"erty has been entr#sted.
DELA"IDARE 9 $ns#sirea #nei "ro"rietati de atre "ersoana areia i9a fost inredintata.
EMINENT DOMAIN 9 The right of the state to ta=e "rivate "ro"erty for "#bli #se after giving fair
om"ensation to the owner.
69O998 9 %re"t#l stat#l#i de a l#a "ro"rietatea "ersonala s"re folosinta "#blia d#"a om"ensarea ehitabila a
"ro"rietar#l#i.
EN $ANC 9 'o#rt sessions where all the A#dges of a o#rt "artii"ate, instead of the #s#al n#mber. For
e;am"le, the &.(. ir#it o#rts of a""eals #s#ally #se "anels of three A#dges, b#t all the A#dges in the o#rt
may deide ertain matters together. Bhen that ha""ens, they are sitting <en ban< 6sometimes s"elled <in
ban<8. $t omes from the Frenh lang#age and means <on the benh.<
69O998 9 (esi#ni ale trib#nal#l#i, in are "artii"a toti A#deatorii trib#nal#l#i, in lo de n#mar#l obisn#it. %e
e;em"l#, er#l #rtilor de a"el al (.&. A. foloses de obiei liste de trei A#deatori, dar toti A#deatorii
trib#nal#l#i "ot sa deida, im"re#na, an#mite "robleme. 'ind se intim"la aeasta, ei sta# <la A#deata<.
Dine din franeJa si inseamna <la A#deata.<
ENDOR&E 9 To sign yo#r name on a do#ment to a#thoriJe its ontents or transfer 6as in a he= that is
endorsed to transfer money8.
ANDO&A' A semna n#mele "e #n do#ment "entr# a a#toriJa ontin#t#l aest#ia sa# transferal 6 si #n e
are este a#toriJat "entr# transfer d bani8.
ENDOR&ED'%ILED CO"IE& 9 'o"ies of o#rt "a"ers that are stam"ed in the to" right orner to show
when they are filed. 6'om"are with 'ERT$F$E% '*!N.8
69O998 9 'o"ii ale do#mentelor legale are sint stam"ilate in olt#l de s#s, din drea"ta, "entr# a arata ind a#
fost indosariate. 6'om"ara # 'o"ie LegaliJata8.
ENDOR&EMENT1 %ORGER( $( 9 Falsely writing or endorsing he= to heat another "erson.
ANDO&ARE "RIN %AL&I%ICARE 9 A srie #n e fals "entr# a insela o "ersoana.
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EN,ANCE 9 To ma=e greater in val#e, to inrease.
IM$UNATATI' A mari valoarea.
E>HA>'E,E>T 9 An allegation added to a basi harge whih, if "roven, inreases the basi sentene.
E;am"le5 <#se of a g#n in the ommission of a rime< may be added to the felony harge.
MARIRE 9 Alegatie ada#gata la o a#Jatie initiala are, daa este dovedita, mareste sentinta initiala.
E;em"l#5 <folosira #n#i "istol in omiterea #nei infrati#ni< "oate fi ad#agata la a#Jatia de delit.
ENJOINING 9 An order by the o#rt telling a "erson to sto" something.
INTERDICTIE 9 *rdin al trib#nal#l#i im"#s #nei "ersonae, "entr# a ineta eva.
ENTER A GUILT( "LEA 9 The formal statement before the o#rt that the a#sed admits ommitting the
riminal at.
69O998 9 %elaratia initiala la trib#nal "rin are a#Jat#l re#noaste omiterea infrati#nii.
ENTRA"MENT 9 A defense to riminal harges alleging that agents of the government ind#ed a "erson to
ommit a rime he or she otherwise wo#ld not have ommitted.
A "RINDE IN CUR&A 9 A"ararea fata de a#Jatii infrationle delarind a agenti g#vernamentali a#
determinat o "ersoana sa omita o infrati#ne "e are, de altfel n# ar fi omis9o.
ENTR( O% DE%AULT 9 The ler=)s reord that the defendant has defa#lted by not answering, or not
answering on time. The "laintiff m#st req#est this reord entry.
69O998 9 !roes#l verbal al ofiter#l#i de trib#nal "in are dovedeste a aesta n# a ras"#nde de lo, sa# a n#
ras"#nde la tim". Relamant#l treb#ie sa eara intrarea aestei doveJi.
E+UAL "ROTECTION 9 The g#arantee in the Fo#rteenth Amendment to the &.(. 'onstit#tion that all
"ersons be treated eq#ally by the law.
"ROTECTIE EGALA 9 Garantia "rin Amendament#l !atr#s"reJee al 'onstit#tiei (tatelor &nite, a
toate "ersoanele sa fie tratate in mod egal de lege.
E+UITA$LE ACTION 9 An ation whih may be bro#ght for the "#r"ose of restraining the threatened
inflition of wrongs or inA#ries, and the "revention of threatened illegal ation.
ACTINE EC,ITA$ILA 9 Ati#ne are "oate fi initiate # so"#l de a restringe a#Jarea de vatamare, si
im"iediarea amenintarii # ati#nea ilegala.
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E+UIT( 9 A system of law that s#""lements the stat#tory and ase law and is based on "rini"les of what is
<fair and right.<
EC,ITATE' (istem de legi are s#"limenteaJa legea stat#tara si A#ris"r#denta si se baJeaJa "e eea e este
<ehitabil si dre"t.<
ERROR CORAM NO$I& 9 !etition filed in trial o#rt see=ing relief from onvition based on new fats.
69O998 9 !etitie fa#ta la F#deatorie erind ridiarea ondamnarii baJate "e fa"te noi.
ERROR CORAM -O$I& 9 !etition filed in a""ellate o#rt see=ing relief from onvition based on new
fats.
69O998 9 !etitie fa#ta la '#rtea de A"el erind ridiarea ondamnarii baJate "e fa"te noi.
E&CA"E $( %ORCE OR -IOLENCE 9 &sing fore to esa"e from #stody.
E-ADARE 9 Folosirea fortei "entr# a sa"a din #stodie.
E&C,EAT 6E(9'HET8 9 The "roess by whih a deeased "erson)s "ro"erty goes to the state if there is no
will or no heirs.
RE-ER&IUNE 9 !roes#l "rin are "ro"rietatea #nei "ersonae deedate este l#ata de stat daa n# e;ista nii
#n testament sa# mostenitor.
E&CRO* 9 ,oney or a written instr#ment s#h as a deed that, by agreement between two "arties, is held
by a ne#tral third "arty 6held in esrow8 #ntil all onditions of the agreement are met.
ANGAJAMENT LEGAL &CRI& 9 Eani sa# do#ment sris #m ar fi #n at are "rin angaAament#l intre
do#a "ersoane este dat in "astrare #nei terte "ersoane, "ina ind toate onditiile angaAament#l#i sint
inde"linite.
E&TATE 9 Everything a "erson 6alive or dead8 owns and owes. There are different ty"es of estates, li=e
"robate, non"robate, tr#st and ta;able estates. !robate estate5 The "ro"erty in someone)s will. *r, if they do
not have a will, the "ro"erty the "robate o#rt handles. >on"robate estate5 The "ro"erty the "robate o#rt
does not handle. For e;am"le, if there)s a tr#st or Aoint tenany. Tr#st estate5 !ro"erty in a tr#st. A tr#stee
ontrols the tr#st. Ta;able estate5 The "ro"erty s#bAet to federal estate ta; when a "erson dies. For
e;am"le, life ins#rane.
"ATRIMONIU 9 Tot eea e "oseda sa# datoreaJa o "ersoana 6vie sa# deedata8. E;ista diferite ti"#ri de
"ro"rietate, a si legaliJata, nelegaliJata, "ro"rietate ta;abila si "ro#ra. !ro"rietate legaliJata5 "ro"rietate
din testament#l #iva. (a# daa n# e;ista testament, "ro"rietatea "e are o administreaJa trib#nal#l.
!ro"rietate nelegaliJata5 "ro"rietate "e are n# o administreaJa trib#nal#l de testamente si s#esi#ni. %e
e;em"l#5 daa e;ista "ro#ra sa# "osesi#ne om#na. Tr#st estate5 "ro"rietate # "ro#ra. Administrator#l
ontroleaJa "ro#ra. !ro"rietate ta;abila5 "ro"rietate s#"#sa ta;elor federale de "ro"rietate, la moartea #nei
"ersonae. %e e;em"l# Asig#rare de Diata.
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E&TATE TA/ 9 Generally, a ta; on the "rivilege of transferring "ro"erty to others after a "erson)s death. $n
addition to federal estate ta;es, many states have their own estate ta;es.
TA/E DE "RO"RIETATE 9 Ta;a "e garantia de a transfera "ro"rietatea la ineva, d#"a moartea #nei
"ersone. !e linga ta;ele federale de "ro"rietate, m#lt sttea# "ro"riile lor ta;e de "ro"rietate.
E&TO""EL 9 An at or statement that "revents a "erson from later ma=ing laims to the ontrary. 69
O998 9 &n at sa# delaratie are im"iedia o "ersoana de a "retinde eva nefires, mai tirJi#.
ET AL 9 $n Latin, this means <and others.< Refers to "arties not inl#ded in the formal name of a o#rt ase.
69O998 9 $n Latina, aeasta inseamna <si altii.< (e refera la "ersonae are n# sint inl#se in n#mele initial al
#n#i "roess legal.
ET &E+ 9 An abbreviation for et seq#entes, or et seq#entia. Latin meaning <and the following,< ordinarily
#sed in referring to a setion of stat#tes.
69O998 9 Abreviere "ent# et seq#enres, sa# et seq#ential. $nsemntatea Latina <si #rmatoarele<, in mo normal
folosit # referire la o setine de stat#te.
ET &R 9 $n Latin, this means <and wife.< 69O998 9
$n Latina, aeasta inseamna <si sotia.<
E-ICTION 9 Reovery of land or rental "ro"erty from another by legal "roess. 6(ee &>LABF&L
%ETA$>ER.8
E-ICTIE 9 Re#"erarea #n#i teren sa# "ro"rietate de inhiriere de la ineva, "rin "roess legal.
E-IDENCE 9 Any "roof legally "resented at trial thro#gh witnesses, reords, and/or e;hibits.
E-IDENTA 9 *rie dovada "reJentata legal, la A#deata, "rin martori, ate si/sa# e;"#nere.
E-IDENCE1 CIRCUM&TANTIAL 9 'onl#sion drawn from "roven fats.
E-IDENTA CIRCUM&TANTIALA 9 'onl#Jia baJata "e fa"te dovedite.
E-IDENCE1 DIRECT 9 Evidene in form of a witness)s testimony, who at#ally saw, heard, or to#hed the
s#bAet in q#estion.
E-IDENTA DIRECTA 9 Evidenta s#b forma #nei mart#rii, are a vaJ#t in fa"t, a a#Jit, sa# a atins
s#biet#l in hesti#ne.
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E-IDENCE1 E-ANE&CENT 9 Evidene whih an disa""ear relatively q#i=ly, s#h as the amo#nt of
alohol in a "erson)s blood.
E-IDENTA E%EMERA 9 Evidenta are "oate dis"area relativ re"ede, #m ar fi antitatea de alool din
single #nei "ersoane.
E/AMINATION1 DIRECT 9 The first e;amination of a witness by the o#nsel who alled the witness to
testify.
E/AMINARE DIRECTA 9 !rima e;aminare a #n#i martor de atre avoat#l are l9 hemat "e martor sa
de"#na mart#rie.
E/AMINATION1 RECRO&& 9 A seond e;amination of a witness by the o""osing o#nsel after the
seond e;amination 6or rediret e;amination8 by the o#nsel who alled the witness to testify is om"leted.
E/AMINARE INCRUCI&ATA 9 * a do#a e;aminare a #n#i martor de atre avoat#l "artii o"#se d#"a e
e;aminarea se#ndara de atre avoat#l are l9a hemat "e martor sa de"#na mart#rie, a fost fa#ta.
E/AMINATION1 REDIRECT 9 A seond e;amination of a witness by the o#nsel who alled the
witness to testify. This e;amination is #s#ally fo#sed on ertain matters that were dis#ssed by the
o""osing o#nsel)s e;amination.
69O998 9 A do#a e;aminare a #n#i martor de atre avoat#l are l9a hemat sa de"#na mart#ria. Aeasta
e;aminare este de obiei analiJata as#"ra an#mitor as"ete are a# fost dis#tate in e;aminarea avoat#l#i
"artii o"#se.
E/CE"TION& 9 %elarations by either side in a ivil or riminal ase reserving the right to a""eal a
A#dge)s r#ling #"on a motion. Also, in reg#latory ases, obAetions by either side to "oints made by the other
side or to r#lings by the ageny or one of its hearing offiers.
E/CE"TII 9 %elaratii date de oriare dintre "artile dintre #n "roess ivilreJervand#9si dre"t#l de a
ontesta deiJia #n#i A#deator # "rivire la o moti#ne. %e asemeni, in "roese de reglementare,
obieti#nile fa#te de oriare dintre "arti fata de "#ntele adresate de ealalta "arte sa# fata de deiJiile l#ate
de o agentie sa# de ofiterii A#deatoresti.
E/CE&&I-E %ORCE 9 &se of #nreasonable amo#nt of fore by "olie offier.
A$U0 DE %ORTA 9 Folosirea nereJonabila a fortei de atre #n ofiter de "olitie.
E/CLU&ION O% *ITNE&&E& 9 An order of the o#rt req#iring all witnesses to remain o#tside the
o#rtroom #ntil eah is alled to testify, e;e"t the "laintiff or defendant. The witnesses are ordered not to
dis#ss their testimony with eah other and may be held in ontem"t if they violate the order.
E/CLUDERE DE MARTORI 9 *rdin al trib#nal#l#i erind a toti martorii sa ramina in afara salii de
A#deata "ana and fieare este hemat sa de"#na mart#rie, # e;e"tia relamant#l#i si a relamat#l#i.
,artorilor n# li se "ermite sa dis#te mart#ria intre ei, "#tand fi retin#ti daa viloeaJa ordin#l.
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E/CLU&IONAR( RULE 9 The r#le "reventing illegally obtained evidene to be #sed in any trial.
REGULA DE E/CLUDERE 9 * reg#la are im"iedia folosirea evidentei ilegale in orie A#deata.
E/CLU&I-E JURI&DICTION 9 The matter an only be filed in one o#rt.
JURI&DICTIE E/CLU&I-A 9 &n "roess "oate fi deshis doar la #n trib#nal.
E/ CONTRACTU 9 Arising from a ontrat. 69
O998 9 'are deriva de la #n ontrat.
E/CUL"ATOR( E-IDENCE 9 Evidene whih tends to indiate that a defendant did not ommit the
alleged rime.
E-IDENTA DI&CUL"ATORIE 9 Evidenta are india fa"t#l a #n relamat n# a omis infrati#nea de
are este a#Jat.
E/ECUTE 9 638 To arry o#t all terms of a ontrat or o#rt orderC 6.8 to sign 6a do#ment8C 6?8 to =ill.
A E/ECUTA 9 38 A inde"lini toti termenii #n#i ontrat sa# #n#i ordin al trib#nal#l#iC .8 a semna 6#n
do#ment8C ?8 a #ide.
E/ECUTION 9 The name of a o#rt order iss#ed to a sheriff, marshal, or onstable a#thoriJing and
req#iring him to arry o#t the A#dgment of the o#rt.
E/ECUTIE 9 >#mele #n#i ordin al trib#nal#l#i eliberat de #n serif, maresal, sa# ofiter de "olitie are il
a#toriJeaJa sa# ii ere sa inde"lineasa sentinta #n#i trib#nal.
E/ECUTION O% &ENTENCE &U&"ENDED 9 $m"osing a sentene that will not be served. This is
freq#ently ordered in ombination with grants of "robation. $f the defendant is s#bseq#ently fo#nd in
violation of "robation, the s#s"ension will be lifted and the sentene arried o#t.
&U&"END AREA E/ECUTARIIUNEI&ENTINTE 9 $m"#nerea #nei sentinte are n# va fi e;e#tata.
Aeasta este ordonata frevent in ombinatie # o "eroada de "roba. %aa relamant#l este in onseinta
gasit a violeaJa "robarea, s#s"endarea va fi ridiata si sentinta e;ei#tata.
E/ECUTOR 9 !erson or om"any named in a will to arry o#t the will)s instr#tions and req#ests. The
e;e#tor is #s#ally s#"ervised by the "robate o#rt.
E/ECUTOR 9 !ersoana sa# om"anie desemnata intr9#n testament sa inde"lineasa instr#ti#nile si
ererile testament#l#i. E;e#tor#l este de obiei s#"ravegheat de #n trib#nal de legaliJare.
E/ DELICTO 9 Arising from a wrong, breah of d#ty. 6(ee T*RT.8 69
O998 9 %eriva de la violarea #nei datorii.
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E/EM"LAR( DAMAGE& 9 ,onies awarded to the "laintiff that e;eed the normal or e;"eted amo#nt.
(erve as "#nishment for willf#l or maliio#s ats by the defendant, rather than at of negligene.
69O998 9 Eani aordati relamant#l#i are de"ases s#ma normala sa# aste"tata. (erveste a o "edea"sa
"entr# atele voit ra#taioase fa#te de relamat in om"arative om"aratie # #n at de negliAenta.
E/EM"LI%ICATION 9 An e;tremely formal ty"e of ertifiation in whih the 'ler= signs the
ertifiation of the do#ment or reord. The !residing F#dge then signs attesting to the fat of the identity
of the 'ler=, and that the signat#re is a#thenti. Finally, the 'ler= signs again, this time attesting to the fat
that the A#dge is a F#dge of that o#nty)s General F#risdition 'o#rt, and that the signat#re is a#thenti.
69O998 9 &n ti" foarte sim"l# de ertifiare in are f#ntionar#l semneaJa ertifiarea do#ment#l#i.
F#deator#l are "reJideaJa semneaJa a"oi onfirmand identitatea ofiter#l#i si a semnat#raeste a#tentia. $n
final, ofiter#l semneaJa din no#, de data aeasta onfirmand a A#deator#l a"artine de trib#nal#l de
A#risditie generala al distrit#l#i si a semnat#ra este a#tentia.
E/,I$IT 9 A do#ment or an obAet shown and identified in o#rt as evidene in a ase.
E/"UNERE 9 &n do#ment sa# obiet aratat sa# identifiat la trib#nal a evidenta intr9#n "roes.
E/,I$IT1 "EO"LE4& 9 E;hibit and/or evidene that is offered by the "rose#tion. 69
O998 9 E;"#nere sa# evidenta oferita de atre a#Jare.
E/ONERATE 9 To lear of blame or to relieve from res"onsibility.
A E/ONERA 9 A inde"arta vinovatia sa# a elibera "e ineva de o res"onsabilitate.
E/ "ARTE 9 A o#rt "roed#re with only one side. For emergenies only. 69
O998 9 * "roed#ra legala # o sing#ra "arte, n#mai "entr# #rgente.
E/ "ARTE "ROCEEDING 9 The legal "roed#re in whih only one side is re"resented.
"ROCEDURA .E/ "ARTE. 9 !roed#ra legala in are este re"reJentata o sing#ra "arte.
E/"ERT TE&TIMON( 9 Testimony given in relation to some sientifi, tehnial, or "rofessional matter
by e;"erts, i.e., "erson q#alified to s"ea= a#thoritatively by reason of their s"eial training, s=ill, or
familiarity with the s#bAet.
MARTURIA UNUI E/"ERT 9 ,art#rie data de e;"erti in legat#ra # o "roblema de stiinta tehnia sa#
"rofesionala, e;. !ersoana alifiata sa vorbeasa des"re s#biet baJat "e alifiarea sa# "regatirea in
materie.
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E/"LO&I-E/DE&TRUCTI-E DE-ICE 9 Any s#bstane, or ombination of s#bstanes, the "rimary or
ommon "#r"ose of whih is detonation or ra"id omb#stion, and whih is a"able of a relatively
instantaneo#s or ra"id release of gas and heat, or any s#bstane, the "rimary "#r"ose of whih, when
ombined with others, is to form a s#bstane a"able of a relatively instantaneo#s or ra"id release of gas
and heat.
E/"LO0I- 7 "LAN DI&TRUCTI- 9 *rie s#bstanta sa# ombinatie de s#bstante al arei so" "rimar
este sa detoneJe sa# sa arda ra"id si are este a"abila de degaAarea instantanee a #n#i gaJ si ald#ra, sa#
orie s#bstanta al arei so" "rimar, and este ombinata # altele, este sa formeJe o s#bstanta a"abila sa
degaAe instantane# si ra"id gaJ si ald#ra.
ER "O&T %ACTO 9 Latin meaning, <after the fat.< The 'onstit#tion "rohibits the enatment of e; "ost
fato laws. These are laws that "ermit onvition and "#nishment for a lawf#l at "erformed before the law
was hanged and the at made illegal.
DU"A %A"T 9 $nsemnatatea Latina <d#"a fa"t<. 'onstit#tia interJie a"liarea legilor <d#"a fa"t<.
Aestea s#nt legi are "ermit ondamnarea si "ede"sirea #n#i at legal inainte a legea sa se shimbe si at#l
sa devina illegal.
ER!&>GE,E>T 9 *ffiial and formal eras#re of a reord or "artial ontents of a reord.
DI&TRUGERE 9 (tergere ofiiala si teoretia a #n#i dosar sa# al ontin#t#l#i "artial al #n#i dosar.
'ir#mstante aten#ante. 'ir#mstnte are fa a o rima sa fie mai "#tin grava, odioasa, sa# re"robabila
deat ar fi in mod normal.
E/TORTION 9 The at of obtaining the "ro"erty of another "erson thro#gh wrongf#l #se of at#al or
threatened fore, violene, or fear.
E/TORCA 9 At#l de obtinere a "ro"rietatii #nei alte "ersonae "rin folosirea fortei sa# amentintarii #
forta, violentei sa# temei.
E/TRADITION 9 Eringing a "erson that is in #stody in one state to the a#thorities of another state where
that "erson has been a#sed or onvited of a rime.
E/TRADARE 9 Ad#erea #nei "ersonae are este in #stodia #n#i stat in fata a#toritatatilor #n#l alt stat,
#nde "ersoana afost a#Jata si ondamnata de o infrati#ne.
E/TRAORDINAR( *RIT 9 A o#rt order, often iss#ed by an a""ellate o#rt, ma=ing available remedies
not reg#larly within the "owers of lower o#rts. They inl#de writs of habeas or"#s, mandam#s, "rohibition
and q#o warranto.
ORDONANTA E/TRAORDINARA 9 *rdin al trib#nal#l#i, adesea eliberate de o #rte de a"el, are "#ne
la dis"oJitie remedii e n# se afla in "#terea trib#nalelor inferioare. Aestea ontin ordonante de Habeas
'or"#s 6"entr# garantarea libertatii individ#ale8, madam#s, "rohibitie si q#a garantie.
E(E *ITNE&& 9 *ne who saw the at, fat, or transation to whih he or she testifies. MARTOR
OCULAR 9 'ineva are a vaJ#t at#l, fa"t#l sa# tranJatia des"re are de"#ne mart#rie.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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%ACTUAL $A&I& 9 The #nderlying fats s#""orting a defendant)s g#ilty or >*L* '*>TE>%ERE "lea.
69O998 9 Fa"tele d baJa are s#stin "ledoaria de vinovatie sa# >*L* '*>TE>%ERE, ale #n#i relamat.
%ACTUALL( INNOCENT 9 >o reasonable a#se e;ists to believe the "erson arrested ommitted the
offense.
NE-INO-AT DE %A"T 9 ># e;ista nii o a#Ja reJonabila a se rede a "ersoana arestata a omis
delit#l.
%AILURE TO A""EAR 9 The at of not a""earing in o#rt after being "resented with a s#b"oena or
s#mmons.
NE"RE0ENTARE 9 At#l de a n# a"area la trib#nal d#"a e ai fost somat sa# itat.
%AILURE TO COM"L( 9 The at of not following an order that is direted by the o#rt.
NECON%ORMARE 9 At#l de a n# se s#"#ne are este im"#s de trib#nal.
%AIR ,EARING 9 A hearing in whih ertain rights are res"eted s#h as the right to "resent evidene, to
ross e;amine and to have findings s#""orted by evidene.
AUDIERE EC,ITA$ILA 9 A#dierea la are sint res"etate an#mite dre"t#ri, #m ar fi dre"t#l de a
"reJenta evidenta, de a ontrae;amina, si de a fae deso"eriri baJate "e evidenta.
%AIR MAR)ET -ALUE 9 The ash val#e "rie that the "ro"erty wo#ld have bro#ght at the time it was
ta=en.
-ALOAREA EC,ITA$ILA DE "IATA 9 Daloarea monetara "e are ar fi av#t9o "ro"rietatea in
moment#l ind a fost l#ata.
%AL&E ARRE&T 9 Any #nlawf#l "hysial restraint of another)s "ersonal liberty, whether or not arried o#t
by a "eae offier.
ARE&TILEGAL 9 *rie restringere fiJia, ilegala a libertatii #nei "ersoane, fie a este fa#ta de #n ofiter
sa# n#.
%AL&E IM"RI&ONMENT 9 The #nlawf#l restraint by one "erson of another "erson)s "hysial liberty.
INTEMNITARE ILEGALA 9 Restringerea ilegala a libertatii #nei "ersoane de atre o alta "ersoana.
%AL&E "RETEN&E& 9 Re"resentation of some fat or ir#mstane whih is not tr#e and is al#lated to
mislead, by whih a "erson obtains another)s money or goods.
"RETENTII ILEGALE 9 Re"reJentarea #n#i fa"t sa# #nei ir#mstante are n# este adevarata si are a
so" de a ind#e in eroare "e ineva "entr# obtinerea banilor sa# b#n#rilor #iva.
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%AL&E TO)EN 9 Any tangible obAet or a do#ment that is not gen#ine, is not what it a""ears or laims
to be, and is intended to be #sed and is #sed to deeive the "erson to whom it is "resented.
DO-ADA %AL&A 9 *rie obiet tangibil sa# #n do#ment neadevarat, are n# este e a"are sa# "retinde sa
fie, si se intentioneaJa sa# este folosit sa insele "e "ersoana areia i se "reJinta.
%AMIL( ALLO*ANCE 9 A small amo#nt of money =e"t from the estate of the deeased to "rovide for the
s#rviving family members d#ring the administration of the estate.
INTRETINERE %AMILIALA 9 (#ma mia de bani "astrata din "ro"rietatea deedat#l#i "entr# a
intretine "e membrii, in viata, ai familiei, in tim"#l administrarii "ro"rietatii.
%EDERAL EM"LO(ER4& LIA$ILIT( ACT 9 Federal wor=ers) om"ensation law whih "rotets
railroad em"loyees.
69O998 9 Legea de reom"ensa a m#nitorilor federali are "roteAeaJa "e angaAatii ailor ferate.
%EE& 9 A s"eifi amo#nt of money that)s "aid in e;hange for a servie, s#h as filing a o#rt "a"er.
TA/E 9 * an#mita s#ma de bani are se "lateste in shimb#l #n#i servii#, #m ar fi deshiderea #n#i
"roes.
%EE &IM"LE 9 The most om"lete, #nlimited form of ownershi" of real "ro"erty, whih lasts #ntil the
#rrent holder dies witho#t an heir.
69O998 9 'ea mai om"leta si nelimitata forma d "ro"rietate imobila, are d#reaJa "ina ind detinator#l #rent
moare fara a avea #n mostenitor.
%EE *AI-ER 9 !ermission not to "ay the o#rt)s filing fees. !eo"le with very low inome an as= the o#rt
ler= for a fee waiver form.
TA/A DE RENUNTARE 9 "ermisi#nea de a n# "lati ta;ele legale. !ersoanele # venit mi "ot ere
f#ntionar#l#i de trib#nal form#lar#l de ren#ntare la ta;a.
%ELON( 9 A serio#s rime that an be "#nished by more than one year in "rison or by death. 6'om"are
$>FRA'T$*>, ,$(%E,EA>*R8.
DELICT 9 $nfrati#ne serioasa are "oate fi "ede"sita # intemnitarea "e #n an sa# # moartea.
%ELON( MURDER 9 A m#rder ommitted d#ring the ommission of a felony s#h as robbery, b#rglary, or
=idna""ing.
TIL,ARIE 9 *morire are "oate fi savirsita in tim"#l omiterii #n#i delit #m ar fi Aaf, s"argere sa# ra"ire.
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%IDUCIAR( 9 A "erson that ats for another "erson)s benefit, li=e a tr#stee or g#ardian. $t also means
something that is based on a tr#st or onfidene. 6(ee also TR&(TEE.8
%IDUCIAR 9 !ersoana are ationeaJa in folos#l altei "ersoane, #m ar fi #n gardian sa# t#tore. %e
asemenni inseamna eva baJat "e inredere sa# onfidenta.
%IELD &O$RIET( TE&T 9 A method of determining whether a "erson is into;iated #sing a motor s=ills
test whih is administered by testing the driver)s s"ea=ing ability and/or "hysial oordination.
TE&T DE E$RIETATE 9 ,etoda de a determina daa o "ersoana este in stare de ebrietate folosind #n test
de abilitate, are este administrat "rin testarea abilitatii sofer#l#i si/sa# test de oordonare fiJia.
%I%T, AMENDMENT 9 Among other rights, the Fifth Amendment to the &.(. 'onstit#tion g#arantees
that a "erson annot be fored to "resent self9inriminating testimony in a riminal "roeeding.
AMENDAMENTULCINCI 9 !rintre alte dre"t#ri, Amendament#l 'ini al 'onstit#tiei (.&.A. garanteaJa
a o "ersoana n# "oate fi fortata sa de"#na mart#rie inriminatorie fata de sine intr9o "roed#ra
infrationala.
%ILE 9 Bhen a "erson offiially gives a "a"er to a o#rt ler= and that "a"er beomes "art of the reord of
a ase.
69O998 9 'and o "ersoana "reJinta offiial #n do#ment la #n ofiter al trib#nal#l#i si do#ment#l devine
evidenta in dosar#l sa#.
%IND GUILT( 9 For the A#dge or A#ry to determine and delare the g#ilt of the defendant. A
GA&I-INO-AT 9 F#deator#l sa# A#ri#l determina si delara vinovatia #n#i relamat.
%INDING 9 Bhen a A#diial offier or A#ry says something is a fat. DE&CO"ERIRE 9
'and #n ofiter A#deatores sa# A#ri#l delara eva a fiind fa"t.
%INDING& O% %ACT 9 An oral or written statement by a A#dge after a review of the evidene stating that
the fats given are fo#nd to be tr#e.
DE&CO"ERIRE DE %A"T 9 * delaratie orala sa# srisa fa#ta de #n A#deator d#"a reviJ#irea
evidentei onfirmand a fa"tele date s#nt gasite adevarate.
%INE 9 The money a "erson m#st "ay as "#nishment for doing something illegal or for not doing
something they were s#""osed to do.
AMENDA 9 Eanii "e are o "ersoana treb#ie sa9$ "lateasa dre"t "edea"sa "entr# a a fa#t eva illegal, sa#
"entr# a n# a fa#t eea e treb#ia.
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%INGER"RINT 9 The distintive "attern of lines on h#man fingerti"s that are #sed as a method of
identifiation in riminal ases.
AM"RENTE 9 &n sistem distintiv de linii "e degetele #mane are s#nt folosite a mod de identifiare in
"roesele infratinale.
%IREARM 9 A wea"on whih ats by fore of g#n"owder, s#h as a rifle, shotg#n or revolver.
ARMA DE %OC 9 * arma are ationeaJa "rin forta "raf#l#i de "#sa, #m ar fi "#sa, "istol#l, sa#
revolver#l.
%IR&T A""EARANCE 9 The initial a""earane of an arrested "erson before a A#dge to determine whether
there is "robable a#se for his or her arrest. Generally, the "erson omes before a A#dge within ho#rs of the
arrest, and are informed of the harges against him or her and of his or her rights to a "reliminary hearing,
to o#nsel, and to bail. >o "lea is as=ed for at this time. Also alled $>$T$AL A!!EARA>'E.
"RIMAIN%ATI&ARE 9 $nfatisarea initiala a #nei "ersoana arestate inaintea A#deator#l#i "entr# a hotari
daa e;ista o a#Ja "robabila "entr# arest#l ei/ l#i. $n general, "ersoana vine in fata A#deator#l#i in ateva
ore de la arrest si este informate de a#Jatiile ad#se im"otriva l#i/ ei si dre"t#rile ei/ l#i la o a#diere
"reliminara la avoet si la a#ti#ne. ># i se ere sa "ledeJe la aest moment. (e mai n#meste $nfatisarea
$nitiala.
%ITNE&& ,EARING 9 A o#rt hearing to deide if a A#venile 6minor8 sho#ld be tried as an ad#lt. 69
O998 9 * a#diere la trib#nal "entr# a se deide daa #n minor treb#ie sa fie A#deat a #n ad#lt.
%ORCI$LE AND ATROCIOU& CRIME 9 Any felony that by its nat#re and the manner of its
ommission threatens, or is reasonably believed by the defendant to threaten life or great bodily inA#ry so as
to instill in him a reasonable fear of death or great bodily inA#ry. ,#rder, mayhem, ra"e, and robbery are all
forible and atroio#s rimes.
CRIMA ATROCE &I DE %ORTA 9 *rie delit are "rin nat#ra si mod#l omiterii l#i ameninta sa#
relamant#l rede a ameninta viata sa# a#JeaJa vatamare tr#"easa in asa fel inat sa instigheJe in el o
teama reJonabila de moarte sa# vatamare tr#"easa grava. &iderea, m#tilarea, violarea, sa#Aef#irea s#nt
toate rime atroe si de fortare.
%ORCI$LE ENTR( AND DETAINER 9 *rdinarily refers to a s#mmary "roeeding for restoring
"ossession of land to one who has been wrongf#lly de"rived of "ossession.
69O998 9 (e refera in mod normal la #n total de "roed#ri "entr# resta#rarea "osesi#nii #n#i teren #iva are a
fost "rivat "rin inselai#ne de "osesia l#i.
%ORECLO&URE 9 !roed#re by whih mortgaged "ro"erty is sold on defa#lt of the mortgagor in
satisfation of mortgage debt.
69O998 9 !roed#ra "rin are o "ro"rietate i"oteata este l#ata de la datorni si vand#ta s"re satisfaerea
datoriei fta de i"otea.
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%OR%EIT 9 To lose, or lose the right to. $n Traffi 9 to forfeit means to enter an im"lied g#ilty "lea and "ay
total bail to lose a ase.
CON%I&CARE 9 A "ierde dre"t#l la eva. $n trafi 9 santi#ne 9 inseamna sa intri o "ledoarie de
vinovatie si sa "latesti a#ti#nea "entr# inheierea "roes#l#i.
%OR%EITURE 9 Bhen a "erson m#st give #" money or "ro"erty bea#se he or she didn)t meet a legal
obligation. 6(ee also EA$L F*RFE$T&RE8.
"IERDERE 9 'and o "ersoana treb#ie sa ren#nte la bani sa# la o "ro"rietate "entr# a n# a inde"linit o
obligatie legala.
%ORGER( 9 The at of laiming one)s own writing to be that of another.
%AL&I%ICARE 9 At#l de a "retinde a sris#l #iva a"artine alt#iva.
%ORMAL "RO$ATION 9 'o#rt9ordered terms and onditions "laed #"on a defendant instead of a
sentene. Formal "robation involves s#"ervision of the defendant by a "robation offier. (#mmary
"robation involves no "robation offierC the defendant is res"onsible diretly to the o#rt.
"RO$ARE O%ICIALA 9 Termeni si onditii ordonate de trib#nal "lasate as#"ra #n#i relamat in lo#l
sentintei. !robarea initiala im"lia s#"ravegherea relamat#l#i de atre #n ofiter de "roba. !robarea in
instanta n# im"lia nii #n ofiter de "robare. Relamat#l este diret res"onsabil fata de trib#nal.
%ORUM NON CON-ENIEN& 9 A dotrine "atterned #"on the right of the o#rt in the e;erise of its
eq#itable "owers to ref#se the im"osition #"on its A#risdition of the trial of ases even thro#gh the ven#e is
"ro"erly laid if it a""ears that for the onveniene of litigants and witnesses and in the interest of A#stie the
ation sho#ld be instit#ted in another for#m where the ation might have been bro#ght.
69O998 9 %otrina stabilita "e dre"t#l trib#nal#l#i in e;eritarea "#terilor sale A#ste de a rf#Ja im"#nerea
as#"ra sa a A#dearii "roeselorC hiar daa A#risdtia a fost a fost ret stabilita, daa se "are a "entr#
onvenienta "artilor in litigi# si a martorilorsi in interes#l A#stitiei ati#nea ar treb#i instit#itaintr9#n alt
for#m #nde ati#nea sr fi "#t#t fi ad#sa.
%O&TER CARE 9 A "rogram that gives money to a "erson, family, or instit#tion to raise someone else)s
hild.
69O998 9 &n "rogram are finanteaJa o "ersoana, o familie sa# o instit#tie "entr# a reste o"il#l alt#iva.
%OUNDATION 9 $n a trial, a fo#ndation m#st be laid to establish the basis for the admissibility of ertain
ty"es of evidene. For e;am"le, an e;"ert witnesses)s q#alifiations m#st be shown before e;"ert testimony
will be admissible.
%UNDAMENT 9 $ntr9#n "roes, o f#ndatie treb#ie "reJentata "entr# a stabili baJele de admisibilitate a
#n#i an#mit ti" de de evidenta. %e e;em"l#, mart#ria alifiativa a #n#i e;"ert treb#ie "reJentata inainte a
mart#ria e;"erta sa fie admisa.
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%OURTEENT, AMENDMENT 9 Among other matters, the 34th Amendment to the &.(. 'onstit#tion
"rohibits states from de"riving any "erson of life, liberty, or "ro"erty witho#t adeq#ate %&E !R*'E((.
AMENDAMENTUL "ATRU&"RE0ECE 9 !rintre altele, Amendament#l 34 al 'onstit#tiei (.&.A.
inteJie fiear#i stat sa "riveJe orie "ersoana de libertate, viata sa# "ro"rietate fara #n "roess adevat
neesar.
%RAUD 9 %eeiving someone on "#r"ose in a way that finanially h#rts others.
%RAUDA 9 A insela "e ineva intentionat ad#and in fel#l aesta "reA#diii altora.
GAG ORDER 9 *rders restraining "arties and o#nsel to a riminal "roeeding from tal=ing abo#t the ase
to the "ress or "#bli.
ORDINUL .GAG. 9 *rdine limitind "artile im"liate si avoat#l la o "roed#ra infrationala de a n#
vorbides"re "roess # "resa sa# "#bli#l.
GAM$LING 9 The at of sta=ing money, or other thing of val#e, on an #nertain event or o#tome.
69O998 9 At#l de a risa banii sa# #n alt l#r# de valoare, "entr# #n eveniment an#me sa# "e #n
rJ#ltat.
GARNI&, 9 To withhold a debtor)s money, and t#rn it over to another in order to "ay a debt. Ty"ially, the
one withholding the money is the debtor)s em"loyer.
ALDAMA& 9 A retine banii #n#i datorni si a9$ da alt#iva "entr# a "lati datoria. %e obiei, el are retine
banii este "atron#l la are este angaAat datorni#l.
GARNI&,MENT 9 A legal "roess that allows "art of a "erson)s wages or "ro"erty to be withheld for
"ayment of a debt.
69O998 9 !roes legal "rin are o "arte a salari#l#i #nei "ersoane sa# o "arte a "ro"rietatii "ot fi retin#te
"entr# "lata #nei datorii.
GENERAL A&&IGNMENT 9 The vol#ntary transfer, by a debtor, of all "ro"erty to a tr#stee for the
benefit of all of his or her reditors.
IN&ARCINARE GENERALA 9 Transfer#l vol#ntar de atre #n datorni la #n administrator de inredere
s"re benefii#l t#t#ror reditorilor.
GENERAL JURI&DICTION 9 Refers to o#rts that have no limit on the ty"es of riminal and ivil ases
they may hear.
JURI&DICTIE GENERALA 9 (e refera la trib#nale are n# a# nii o limita la "roesele infrationale si
ivile "e are le A#dea.
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GLUE &NI%%ING 9 The at of inhaling gl#e in order <to get high.<
IN,ALARE A LI"ICIULUI 9 Ati#nea de inhalare a li"ii#l#i "entr# a se droga.
GOOD 'A&(E 9 A good reason. For e;am"le, a "erson m#st have good a#se 6better than not having a ar
or a baby9sitter8 for not oming to a o#rt hearing.
* CAU0A E&>A 9 &n motiv b#n. ("re e;em"l#, o "ersoana "oate sa aiba o a#Ja b#na 6mai b#na deat a
n# avea masina sa# baby 9sitter8 "entr# a n# veni la "roess, la trib#nal.
GOOD %AIT, 9 An honest belief, the absene of malie, and the absene of design to defra#d.
$UNA CREDINTA 9 * inredere onesta fara ra#tate si fara intentie de fra#da.
GOOD &AMARITAN RULE 9 *ne who assists a "erson in imminent and serio#s danger, tho#gh
negligene of another annot be harged with negligene in attem"ting a res#e.
REGULA $UNULUI&AMARITEAN 9 'ineva are aA#ta o "ersoana intr9#n "eriol iminent si serios #
toate a negliAenta alt#iva n# "oate fi A#deata a negliAenta de a inera salvarea.
GOOD TIME 9 A red#tion in sentened time in #stody as a reward for good behavior. $t #s#ally is one9
third to one9half off the ma;im#m sentene.
TIM" $UN 9 * red#ere a "erioadei de sentinta din #stodie are este data a #rmare a #n#i b#n
om"ortament. %e obiei re"reJinta o treime sa# o A#matate din sentinta ma;ima.
GRAND JUR( 9 A gro#" of 37 to .? itiJens that listen to the "rose#tor)s evidene of riminal
allegations and deide whether there is "robable a#se to believe a "erson ommitted a rime and to harge
them with that rime.
MARELE JURIU 9 &n gr#" de 37 "ana la .? de etateni are as#lta la evidenta a#Jarii des"re a#Jatiile
riminale si deide daa e;ista o a#Ja "robabila de a rede a "ersoana a omis rima sa# infrati#nea si a
o a#Ja de aea infrati#ne.
GRAND T,E%T 9 Ta=ing and arrying away the "ersonal "ro"erty of another "erson of a val#e in e;ess
of an amo#nt set by law with the intent to de"rive the owner or "ossessor of it "ermanently.
MARELE JA% 9 L#area si inde"artarea "ro"rietatii "ersonale a #nei alte "ersone de o valoare are
de"aseste s#ma stabilita "rin lege,# intentia de a9l "riva "e "ro"rietar, sa# "osesor, in mod "ermanent.
GRANTOR OR &ETTLOR 9 The "erson who sets #" a tr#st.
DI&"O0ANT 9 !ersoana are stabileste t#tela.
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GREAT $ODIL( INJUR( 9 $nA#ry whih involves a s#bstantial ris= of death, serio#s "ermanent
disfig#rement, or loss of f#ntion of any "art of an organ of the body. $s a graver and more serio#s than
ordinary battery.
-ATAMARE TRU"EA&CA GRA-A 9 Datamare are im"lia #n ris foarte mare de moarte, desfig#rare
"ermanenta grava, sa# "ierderea f#ntiei oriarei "arti a #n#i organ al tr#"#l#i. Este mai grava si mai
serioasa deat o bataie obisn#ita.
GRO&& NEGLIGENCE 9 A negligent at6s8 whih is re=less or flagrant and whih is s#h a de"art#re
from ond#t of an ordinary, "r#dent "erson #nder the same ir#mstanes as to be ontrary to a "ro"er
regard for h#man life or to onstit#te indifferene to the onseq#enes of those ats. The fats m#st be s#h
that the onseq#enes of the negligent at6s8 o#ld reasonably have been foreseen and it m#st a""ear that the
death/danger to h#man life was not the res#lt of inattention or mista=en A#dgment, b#t the nat#ral and
"robable res#lt of re=less or flagrantly negligent at.
NEGLIJENTA CRA&A 9 &n at de negliAenta are este im"r#dent sa# flagrant si are este in afara
ond#itei normale a #nei "ersone "r#dente s#b aeleasi ir#mstante, ontrar res"et#l#i "entr# viata
#mana si are onstit#ie indiferenta fata de onseintele aest#i at. Fa"tele trb#ie sa fie astfel inat
onseintele at#l#i de negliAenta sa fi "#t#t fi "revaJ#te in mod reJonabil si treb#ie sa a"ara a moartea sa#
"eriol#l# fata de viata #mana n# a fost reJ#ltat#l #nei A#deati neatente sa# gresite, i reJ#ltat#l "robabil si
nat#ral al #n#i at negliAent, flagrant sa# im"r#dent.
GROUND& 9 A fo#ndation or basisC "oints relied on.
MOTI-E 9 * f#ndatie sa# o baJaC "#nte de s"riAin.
GUARDIAN 9 A "erson a""ointed by will or by law to ass#me res"onsibility for inom"etent ad#lts or
minor hildren. $f a "arent dies, this will #s#ally be the other "arent. $f both die, it "robably will be a lose
relative. $n F#venile %e"endeny ases, one a g#ardian is a""ointed, de"endeny may be terminated.
TUTORE 9 * "ersoana desemnata "rin testament sa# "rin lege sa isi ass#me res"onsabilitatea "entr# ad#lti
inom"etenti sa# o"ii minori. %aa #n "arinte moare, aesta va fi in mod normal elalalt "arinte. %aa
amandoi mor, "robabil va fi "robabil o r#denie a"ro"iata. $n aJ#rile de %e"endeta F#venila, odata e
t#rorele este desemnat, de"endenta "oate fi terminate.
GUARDIAN AD LITEM 9 An ad#lt a""ointed by a o#rt who re"resents a minor hild or legally
inom"etent "erson. 6(ee also A% L$TE,8.
TUTORELE .AD LITEM. 9 &n ad#lt desemnat de #n trib#nal are re"reJinta #n o"il minor sa# #n
ad#lt inom"etent 6 DeJi de asemenea A% L$TE,8.
GUARDIAN&,I" 9 A o#rt "roeeding where a A#dge hooses someone to are for a "erson #nder age 32
or to manage the minor)s estate 6"ro"erty8, or both. $n some states, onservatorshi" of an ad#lt is alled
g#ardianshi", b#t not in 'alifornia. 6'om"are with '*>(ERDAT*R(H$!.8
TUTELA 9 * "roed#ra A#deatoreasa "rin are #n A#deator alege "e ineva sa aiba griAa de o "ersoana
s#b 32 ani sa# sa administreJe "ro"rietatea #n#i minor, sa# ambele. $n #nele state, #stodia #n#i ad#lt este
n#mita t#tela, dar n# in 'alifornia. 6 'om"ara # '&(T*%$E8.
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GUILT( 9 A o#rt deision that a defendant ommitted a rime.
-INO-AT 9 * deiJie A#deatoreasa a relamat#l a omis o infrati#ne.
GUILT( "LEA 9 Bhen a "erson admits in o#rt that he or she is g#ilty of a rime.
"LEDOARIE DE -INO-ATIE 9 'and o "ersoana re#noaste in trib#nal a este vinovata de o
infrati#ne.
,A$EA& COR"U& 9 The name of a writ #sed to bring a "erson before a o#rt or A#dge to deide whether
that "erson is being #nlawf#lly denied his or her freedom. The term omes from Latin.
69O998 9 >#mele #n#i #n#i mandat folosit "entr# a ad#e o "ersoana in fata instantei sa# a A#deator#l#i #
so"#l de a deide daa "ersoanei $ se neaga illegal dre"t#l la libertatea sa.. Termen#l deriva din limba
latina.
,ANDCU%%& 9 'hains or sha=les for the hands to se#re "risoners.
'AT&(E 9 Lant#ri "entr# a se#riJa "riJonierii.
HARA((,E>T 9 Bords, gest#res, and ations whih tend to annoy, alarm, and verbally ab#se another
"erson.
,ARTUIRE 9 '#vinte, gest#re, sa# ati#ni are tind sa irite, sa alarneJe si sa ab#JeJe verbal o alta
"ersoana.
,ARMLE&& ERROR 9 An error ommitted d#ring a trial that was orreted or was not serio#s eno#gh to
affet the o#tome of a trial and therefore was not s#ffiiently harmf#l 6"reA#diial8 to be reversed on
a""eal.
GRE&EALAINO%EN&I-A 9 * eroare omisa in tim"#l #n#i "roes are a fost oretata sa# n# a fost
s#ffiient de serioasa "entr# a afeta reJ#ltat#l A#deatii, si de aeea n# a fost s#ffiient de da#natoare
"entr# a fi reversata "rintr9#n a"el.
,AR-E( *AI-ER 9 The fats, relating to a harge that was dismissed as "art of a "lea bargain, are
<related to< the "arti#lar harge for whih the minor is being sentened may be onsidered at the time of
dis"osition.
69O998 9 Fa"tele referitoare la o a#Jatie are a fost s#s"endata a "arte a #nei tranJatii, s#nt legate de
a#Jatia an#me "entr# are minor#l este ondamnat, se "oate l#a in onsiderare de la tim"#l hotaririi.
,EARING 9 A formal o#rt "roeeding with the A#dge and o""osing sides "resent, b#t no A#ry.
AUDIERE 9 * "roed#ra A#deatoreasa formala #nde A#deator#l si "artile o"#se s#nt "reJente, dar fara
A#ri#.
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,EARING1 CONTE&TED 9 A hearing held for the "#r"ose of deiding iss#es or fat of law that both
"arties are dis"#ting.
AUDIERE CONTE&TATA 9 * a#diere tin#ta # so"#l de a deide as"ete sa# fa"t de lege "e are le
dis"#ta amando#a "artile.
,EARING DE NO-O 9 A f#ll, new hearing.
AUDIERE DIN NOU 9 * no#a adiere om"leta.
,EARING1 "RELIMINAR( 9 The hearing given to "erson a#sed of rime, by a magistrate or A#dge, to
determine whether there is eno#gh evidene to warrant the onfinement and holding to bail the "erson
a#sed.
AUDIERE "RELIMINARA 9 A#dierea #nei "ersonae a#Jate de o rima, de atre #n magistrate sa# #n
A#deator "entr# a determina daa e;ista s#fiienta evidenta a sa im"#ternieasa intemnitarea si retinerea
"entr# a#ti#ne a "ersoanei a#Jate.
,EAR&A( 9 (tatements by a witness who did not see or hear the inident in q#estion, b#t heard abo#t it
from someone else. Hearsay #s#ally an)t be #sed as evidene in o#rt.
0-ON 9 %elaratii "rin are #n martor are n# avaJ#t sa# a a#Jit inidental in hesti#ne, dar a a#Jit des"re
el de la altineva. Kvon#l, de obiei, n# "oate fi folosit a evidenta la A#deata.
,EIR 9 A "erson that has the right to inherit money or "ro"erty from someone who dies witho#t a will.
MO&TENITOR 9 * "ersoana are are dre"t#l sa mosteneasa bani sa# "ro"rietate de la ineva are moare
fara sa lase testament.
,IT AND RUN 9 'rime in whih the driver of a vehile leaves the sene of an aident witho#t
identifying himself or herself.
%UGA DE LA LOCUL %A"TEI 9 $nfrati#ne in are sofer#l #n#i vehiol "araseste sena aident#l#i fara
sa se identifie.
,ITC, MOTION 9 A req#est to e;l#de evidene.
MOTIUNE DE MUTARE 9 'erere de a e;l#de evidenta.
,OLDING CELL 9 A tem"orary loation inside a o#rtho#se where "risoners are held before and after
their o#rt a""earane.
CELULA DE RETINERE 9 * ina"ere in ininta A#deatoriei #nde "riJonierii s#nt retin#ti inainte si d#"a
a"aritia la A#deata.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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,OLOGRA",IC *ILL 9 A handwritten will. The o#rt needs to see "roof of the "erson)s handwriting. >o
one has to witness or notariJe a handwritten will.
TE&AMENT OLOGRA% 9 &n testament sris de mana. Trib#nal#l neesita o dovada a sris#l#i de mana
a "ersoanei res"etive. >imeni n# treb#ie sa fie martor sa# sa notariJeJe #n testament sris de mana.
,OME MONITORING 9 An alternative to im"risonment where an individ#al is onfined to his or her
home and monitored eletronially.
&U"RA-EG,EREA DOMICILIULUI 9 * alternative la intemnitare #nde individ#l este inhis in asa sa
si este monitoriJat eletroni.
,OME &U"ER-I&ION 9 Tem"orary ho#se arrest for a minor while awaiting the o#rt)s final deision.
Also #sed as "#nishment after the o#rt)s final deision.
&U"RA-EG,ERE LA DOMICILIU 9 Arest tem"orar la domiili# al #n#i minor in tim" e se astea"ta
deiJia finala a trib#nal#l#i. (e foloseste de asemenea a "edea"sa d#"a deiJia finala a trib#nal#l#i.
,OMICIDE 9 The #nlawf#l =illing of one h#man being by another.
OMUCIDERE 9 *morirea ilegala a #nei fiinte omenesti de atre o alta.
,O&TILE *ITNE&& 9 A witness whose testimony is not favorable to the "arty who alls him or her as a
witness. ,ay be as=ed leading q#estions and may be ross9e;amined by the "arty who alls him or her to
the stand.
MARTOR O&TIL 9 ,artor a ar#i mart#rie n# favoriJeaJa "artea are l9a hemat sa de"#na mart#rie.
!oate sa i se adreseJe intrebari # o an#mita tenta si "oate sa fie ontrae;aminat de atre "artea are l9a
hemat la bara.
,UNG JUR( 9 A A#ry whose members annot agree #"on a verdit. JURIU
DI-ERGENT 9 F#ri# ai ar#i membrii n# "oate sa ada de aord.
,("OT,ETICAL +UE&TION 9 An imaginary sit#ation, #sing fats "revio#sly admitted into evidene,
#"on whih an e;"ert witness is "ermitted to give an o"inion as to a ondition res#lting from the sit#ation.
C,E&TIUNE I"OTETICA 9 (it#atie imaginara folosind fa"te are a# fost in "realabil ae"tate a
evidenta la are #n#i martor e;"ert i se "ermite sa is idea "arerea # "rivire la onditia are reJ#lta din
aeasta sitiatie.
IDIOC(' $t is the om"lete absene of mind that is generally the res#lt of a birth defet rather than a disease.
IDIOTIE 9 Este absenta om"leta de inteligenta are in general este reJ#ltat#l #n#i defet de nastere, mai
degraba deat a #nei boli.
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IGNORANCE O% %ACT' The la= of =nowledge of some fat or fats relating to the s#bAet matter at
hand. ,ay sometimes be #sed as a defense or gro#nd for relief.
IGNORAREA %A"TULUI 9 Este li"sa de #noastere a #n#i fa"t sa# a #nor fa"te legate de s#biet#l
"roblemei in hesti#ne. !oate #neori sa fie folosita a a"arare sa# baJa de eliberare.
ILLEGAL 9 Against, or not a#thoriJed by law.
ILEGAL 9 $m"otriva sa# nea#toriJat de lege.
IMMINENT "ERIL 9 'ertain, immediate, and im"ending danger.
"ERICOLIMINENT 9 !eriol sig#r, imediat si inevitabil.
IMMUNIT( 9 A right to be e;e"ted from d#ty or "enalty. 6(ee also !R$D$LEGE.8
IMUNITATE 9 %re"t#l de a fi e;e"tat de la o datorie sa# "edea"sa.
IM"ANEL 9 To seat a A#ry. Bhen voir dire is finished and both sides have e;erised their hallenges, the
A#ry is im"aneled. The A#rors are sworn in and the trial is ready to "roeed.
EM"ANEL 9 A r#ga A#ri#l sa se aseJe. 'and A#ramant#l martorilor este terminat si amando#a "artile a#
e;eritat atrib#tiile lor, #ri#l este em"alat. F#ratii de"#nA#ramant si A#deata #rmeaJa sa inea"a.
IM"EAC,MENT O% *ITNE&& 9 To all into q#estion the tr#thf#lness of a witness.
DI&CREDITAREA UNUI MARTOR 9 A hestiona veridiitatea #nei mart#rii.
IM"LIED 9 Bhere intention is not manifested by e;"liit words, b#t is gathered by im"liation.
IM"LICAT 9 &nde intentia n# este manifestata "rin #vinte e;"liite, dar este inteleasa "rin im"liare.
IM"LIED CONTRACT 9 A ontrat in whih the "romise made by on "arty is not e;"ressed, b#t inferred
by that "arty)s ond#t or is im"lied in law.
CONTRACT &U$AINTELE& 9 &n ontrat in are "romisi#nea fa#ta de atre o "arte n# este
e;"rimata, i insin#ata de ond#ita "artii, sa# este insin#ata "rin lege.
IM"OUND 9 To ta=e and =ee" an animal or an obAet in #stody.
AINC,IDE 9 A l#a si a tine #n animal sa# #n obiet in #stodie.
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IM"RI&ONMENT 9 The at of "#tting or onfining a man in "rison, or the restraint of a man)s "ersonal
liberty.
INTEMNITARE 9 At#l de a "#ne sa# a inhide o "ersoana in inhisoare, sa# restringerea libertatii
"ersonale a #n#i om.
INADMI&&I$LE 9 'annot be admitted as evidene in a trial or hearing.
INADMI&I$IL 9 ># "oate fi admis a evidenta intr9#n "roess sa# o a#diere.
IN CAMERA 9 A hearing held in the A#dge)s hambers or in a o#rt with all s"etators 6inl#ding the A#ry8
e;l#ded. From the Latin that means <in hamber.<
IN CAMERA 9 * a#diere tin#ta in amerele #n#i A#deator sa# in trib#nal e;l#Jand tot "#bli#l 6inl#siv
A#ri#l8. %e la semnifiatia din limba Latina <in amera.<
INCA"ACIT( 9 The la= of "ower or the legal ability to at.
INCA"ACITATEA 9 Absenta "#terii sa# abilitatii legale de a ationa.
INCARCERATE 9 To "#t in Aail or "rison.
INCARCERARE 9 A trimite la temnita sa# la inhisoare.
INCE&T 9 (e;#al intero#rse between "ersons so losely related that marriage between them wo#ld be
#nlawf#l.
INCE&T 9 Relatia se;#ala intre "ersonae atat de m#lt inr#dite inat asatoria dintre el ear fi ilegala.
INCOM"ETENC( 9 La= of a"aity to #nderstand the nat#re and obAet of the "roeedings, to ons#lt
with o#nsel, and to assist in "re"aring a defense.
INCOM"ETENTA 9 $na"aitatea de a intelege nat#ra si obiet#l "roed#rii, de a se sfat#i # #n onsilier
si de asista la "regatirea a"ararii.
INCRIMINATE 9 To hold yo#rself or another "erson res"onsible for riminal ations.
INCRIMINARE 9 A se a#Ja "e sine sa# o alta "ersoana de ati#ni infrationale.
INDECENT E/"O&URE 9 (howing "rivate body "arts in a lewd or indeent manner in a "#bli "lae.
E/"UNERE INDECENTA 9 E;"#nere a "artilor intime ale or"#l#i intr9#n mod desfranat sa# indeent,
intr9#n lo "#bli.
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INDEMNI%( 9 Liability for loss is shifted from one "erson held legally res"onsible to another.
COM"EN&ATIE 9 Res"onsabilitatea "ierderii este transferata de la "ersoana legal res"onsabila la alta
"ersoana.
INDEMNIT( 9 An obligation to "rovide om"ensation 6#s#ally money8 for a loss, h#rt or damage.
INDEMNITATE 9 * obligatie de a oferi om"ensatie 6in general bani8 "entr# o "ierdere, vatamare sa#
"ag#bire.
INDE"ENDENT E/ECUTOR 9 A s"eial =ind of e;e#tor, "ermitted by the laws of ertain states, who
"erforms the d#ties of an e;e#tor witho#t intervention by the o#rt.
E/ECUTOR INDE"ENDENT 9 &n an#me ti" de e;e#tor, ae"tat de legile #nor an#mite state, are
inde"lineste indatoririle #n#i e;e#tor fara o interventie de la trib#nal.
INDETERMINATE &ENTENCE 9 A sentene of im"risonment to a s"eified minim#m and ma;im#m
"eriod of time, s"eifially a#thoriJed by stat#te, s#bAet to termination by a "arole board or other
a#thoriJed ageny after the "risoner has served the minim#m term.
(E>T$>TA >E%ETER,$>ATA 9 * sentinta de intemnitare "entr# o "erioada s"eifiata de tim",
minima sa# ma;ima, s"eial a#toriJata "rin stat#t, s#"#sa terminarii de atre #n bord de "arol sa# o alta
agentie a#toriJata d#"a e intemnitat#l a servit #nterment minim.
INDIAN C,ILD *EL%ARE ACT 2IC*A3 9 Federal law to "rotet the integrity of $ndian families.
69O998 9 Lege federala are "roteAeaJa integritatea familiilor indiene.
INDICTMENT 9 A formal harge by a grand A#ry saying there is eno#gh evidene that the defendant
ommitted the rime to A#stify having a trial. &sed "rimarily for felonies.
INCRIMINARE 9 * a#Jatie formala de atre marele A#ri# delarand a e;ista s#fiienta evidenta a
relamat#l a ois rima are A#stifia "roes#l. (e foloseste in s"eial in aJ#l delitelor.
INDIGENT 9 A "erson who is "oor, needy, and has no one to loo= to for s#""ort.
>ED*$A( 9 * "ersoana are este saraa, in nevoie si n# are nii #n miAlo de s#"ort.
INDI-IDUAL EDUCATION "LAN 2IE"38 !lan for a st#dent who is entitled to s"eial ed#ation
servies.
"LAN INDI-IDUAL DE EDUCATIE 9 !lan "entr# #n elev are este a"robat "entr# serviii s"eiale de
ed#atie.
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INDOR&EMENT 9 That whih is written on the ba= of a negotiable instr#ment. $t is also #sed with
referene to writs, ins#rane "oliies, ertifiates of sto=s, et.
AUTORI0ATIE 9 'eea e este sris "e s"atele #n#i instr#ment negoiabil. Este de asemenea folosit in
aJ#l itatiilor, "olitelor de asig#rare, ertifiatilor de a"roviJionare et.
IN %ORMA "AU"ERI& 9 Bhen the o#rt says a "erson does not have to "ay a filing fee bea#se the
"erson an)t afford it. $n Latin, means <in the manner of a "a#"er.<
69O998 9 'and trib#nal#l deide a o "ersoana n# treb#ie sa "lateasa ta;a de insriere datorita fa"t#l#i a
"ersoana res"etive n# isi "ermite. $n Latina, inseamna <in the manner of a "a#"er.<
IN%ORMANT 9 An #ndislosed "erson who onfidentially disloses material information of a rime to the
"olie, whih is #s#ally done in e;hange for a reward or s"eial treatment.
IN%ORMATOR 9 * "ersoana a arei identitate ramane as#nsa, are div#lga "olitiei informatii in legat#ra
# o infrati#ne si are, in mod normal, fae aeasta "entr# o reom"ense sa# "entr# #n tratament s"eial.
IN%ORMATION 9 A written a#sation harging a "erson with a rime. $t is "resented in o#rt by a
"rose#ting offier #nder oath and does not ome from a grand A#ry.
IN%ORMATIE 9 &n do#ment in sris are a#Ja o "ersoana de o infrati#ne. Este "reJentata in trib#nal de
#n ofiter.
IN%RACTION 9 A minor violation of a law, ontrat, or right that is not a misdemeanor or a felony and
an)t be "#nished by time in "rison. ,inor traffi offenses are generally onsidered infrations.
'*>TRADE>T$E 9 * violare minora a legii, ontrat#l#i, sa# a #n#i dre"t, are n# este o rima sa# #n
delit si n# "oate fi "ede"sita # tim" in inhisoare. Greseli minori de traffi s#nt in general onsiderate
ontraventii.
IN,A$ITED 9 At of residing at#ally and "ermanently in a given "lae or dwelling. (ynonymo#s with
domiile, dwell, live, soAo#rn.
LOCUIT 9 At#l de a lo#i at#almente si "ermanent intr9#n lo dat sa# o lo#inta, sinonim # a
domiilia, a lo#i, a trai, sa# a sedea.
IN,A$ITED D*ELLING 9 A str#t#re whih is #rrently #sed as a residene whether o#"ied or not.
'o#rts fle;ibly inter"ret this term. $t is still inhabited even if the o#"ants are tem"orarily absent.
CA&A LOCUITA 9 * ladire are este folosita in mod #rrent a reJidenta, fie a este o#"ata sa# n#.
Trib#nalele inter"reteaJa aest termen in mod foarte liber. Este lo#ita hiar daa o#"antii s#nt absenti
tem"orar.
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IN,ERITANCE TA/ 9 A state ta; on "ro"erty that an heir or benefiiary #nder a will reeives from a
deeased "erson)s estate. The heir or benefiiary "ays this ta;.
TA/A DE MO&TENIRE 9 * ta;a de stat "e o "ro"rieate "e are o "rimeste #n mostenitor sa# #n
benefiiar "rin testament din averea #nei "ersone deedate. ,ostenitor#l sa# benefiiar#l "lateste aeast
ta;a.
INITIAL A""EARANCE 9 $n riminal law, the hearing at whih a A#dge determines whether there is
s#ffiient evidene against a "erson harged with a rime to hold him or her for trial. The 'onstit#tion bans
seret a#sations, so initial a""earanes are "#bli #nless the defendant as=s otherwiseC the a#sed m#st
be "resent, tho#gh he or she #s#ally does not offer evidene. Also alled F$R(T A!!EARA>'E.
A"ARITIE INITIALA 9 $n legea infrationala, "roes#l in are A#deator#l determina daa e;ista
s#fiienta evidenta im"otriva #nei "ersonae a#Jate de o infrati#ne "entr# a o retine "entr# A#deata.
'onstit#ia interJie a#Jatii serete, asa a a"aritiile initiale s#nt "#blie, in afara daa relamat#l ere
o"#s#l. A#Jat#l treb#ie sa fie "reJent # toate a el sa# ea n# ofera evidenta, de obiei. (e n#meste de
asemeni !rima A"aritie.
INJUNCTION 9 A o#rt order that says a defendant an)t "erform, or m#st "erform, a s"eifi at. 6(ee
RE(TRA$>$>G *R%ER.8
ORDIN DE INTERDICTIE 9 &n ordin A#deatores are s"#ne a #n relamat "oate sa# n# "oate sa faa
#n an#mit l#r#. DeJi Restraining *rder.
IN LOCO "ARENTI& 9 Latin meaning <in the "lae of the "arent.< Refers to ations of a #stodian,
g#ardian, or other "erson ating in the "arent)s "lae.
IN LOCUL "ARINTILOR 9 E;"resie Latina are inseamna <in lo#l "arintel#i<. (e refera la ati#nile #n#i
#stodiant, t#tore, sa# alta "ersoana are ationeaJa in lo#l "arintel#i.
INMATE 9 A "erson onfined to a "rison, "enitentiary, or Aail. "U&CARIA& 9 *
"ersoana retin#ta intr9o inhisoare, "eniteniar, sa# "#sarie.
INNOCENT UNTIL "RO-EN GUILT( 9 A belief in the Amerian legal system whih states that all
"eo"le a#sed of a riminal at are onsidered not to have ommitted the rime #ntil the evidene leaves no
do#bt in the mind of the o#rt or the A#ry that the a#sed did or did not ommit the rime.
NE-INO-AT "ANA LA DO-EDIREA -INO-ATIEI 9 Este #n reJ in sistem#l A#ridi Amerian are
delara a toti oamenii a#Jati infrational s#nt onsiderati de a n# fi omis infrati#nea "ana and n#
ramane nii o indoiala in mintea A#deator#l#i si a A#ri#l#i a a#Jt#l a omis sa# n# infrati#nea.
IN "ER&ONAM 9 An at or "roeeding done or direted against or with referene to a s"eifi "erson. 69
O998 9 &n at sa# o "roed#ra fa#ta sa# indre"tata im"otriva, sa# referitor la o "ersoana an#me.
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IN "RO"IA "ER&ONA 2IN "RO "ER3 9 Bhen a "erson re"resents himself or herself witho#t a lawyer.
This omes from the Latin for <in one)s own "ro"er "erson.< 6(ee also !R* !ER A>% !R* (E.8
69O998 9 'and o "ersoana se re"reJinta "e sine fara avoat. !rovine din Latina <in "ro"rie "ersonae<. 6DeJi
de asemenea !ro !er si !ro (e8.
IN REM 9 A "roed#ral term #sed to designate "roeedings or ations instit#ted against the thing in
ontrast to ations instit#ted $> !ER(*>A, or against the "erson.
69O998 9 &n termen de "roed#ra folosit "entr# a determina "roed#rile sa# ati#nile instit#ite im"otriva #n#i
l#r# s"re deosebire de ati#nile instit#ite $n !ersona, sa# im"otriva "ersonei.
IN&ANIT( "LEA 9 A laim by a defendant that he or she la=s the so#ndness of mind req#ired by law to
ae"t res"onsibility for a riminal at.
"LEDOARIE DE ALIENARE MENTALA 9 !retentia #n#i relamat de9$ li"si sanatatea mint#ala er#ta
de atre lege "entr# ae"ta res"onsabilitatea "entr# #n at infrational.
IN&TRUCTION& 9 The e;"lanation of onstit#tional rights given by a A#dge to a defendant.
INDICATII 9 E;"liatia dre"t#rilor onstit#tionale data de #n A#deator #n#i relamat.
INTANGI$LE A&&ET& 9 !ro"erty that yo# own, b#t do not "hysially have. For e;am"le, sto=s, bonds,
ban= ao#nts, o"yrights, "atents, et.
A-ERE INTANGI$ILA 9 !ro"rietate "e are o "oseJi darn # o ai fiJi. %e e;em"l# ati#ni, #"oane,
ont#ri banare, dre"t de a#tor, "atente et.
INTENT 9 The "#r"ose to #se a "arti#lar means to bring abo#t a ertain res#lt.
INTENTIE 9 (o"#l de a folosi an#mite metode "entr# a obtine #n an#mit reJ#ltat.
INTENT TO DE%RAUD 9To have in mind a "#r"ose to heat or tri= someone. For e;am"le, "#r"osely
writing a bad he=.
INTENTIE DE %RAUDA 9 A9ti "ro"#ne sa inseli sa# sa ind#i in eroare "e ineva. %e e;em"l# a srie #n
e fara ao"erire in mod intentionat.
$>TER AL$A 9 Among other things. 69
O998 9 !rintre alte l#r#ri.
INTER -I-O& GI%T 9 A gift made d#ring the giver)s life.
69O998 9 &n dar fa#t in tim" e dar#itor#l este ina in viata. &n alt n#me "entr# <#n dar in viata.
S
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INTERLINEATION& 9 The at of writing between the lines of a do#ment.
&CRIERE "RINTRE RANDURI 9 Ati#nea de a srie "rinter liniile #n#i do#ment.
INTERLOCUTOR( 9 !rovisionalC not final. An interlo#tory a""eal onerns only a "art of the iss#es
raised in a laws#it. 6'om"are to %E'REE.8
"RO-I0ORIU 9 Tem"orar, neterminat. &n a"el "roviJori#are se o#"a n#mai # o "arte din
"roblemele are a"ar intr9o a#Jatie. 6'om"ara # %eree8.
INTER"LEADER 9 Bhen two or more "eo"le say they have a laim to the same thing held by a third
"arty. The third "arty may fore them to go to trial with eah other to settle their dis"#te.
ACTIUNE "ETITORIE INCIDENTA 9 'and do#a sa# mai m#lte "ersonae "retend aelasi l#r# are este
retin#t de o terta "ersoana are ii "oate obliga "e ei doi sa mearga la A#deata, "entr# a9si reJolva dis"#ta
INTER"RETER 9 A "erson who is ertified as being able to translate, orally or in writing, s"o=en or sign
lang#age into the ommon lang#age of the o#rt.
TRAN&LATOR 9 * "ersoana are este a#toriJata si este a"abila sa trad#a oral sa# in sris limba vorbita
sa# "rin semen in limbaA#l obisn#it al trib#nal#l#i.
INTERROGATORIE& 9 Britten q#estions as=ed by one "arty in a laws#it for whih the o""osing "arty
m#st answer them in writing.
INTEROGATORII 9 $ntrebari srise, adresate de #na dintre "arti intr9#n "roes legal la are "artea o"#sa
treb#ie sa ras"#nda in sris.
INTER-ENOR 9 A "erson who vol#ntarily interr#"ts in an ation or other "roeeding with the leave of the
o#rt.
INTER-ENIENT 9 * "ersoana are intrer#"e vol#ntar o ati#ne sa# "roed#ra # "ermisi#nea
trib#nal#l#i.
INTER-ENTION 9 An ation by whih a third "erson who may be affeted by a laws#it is "ermitted to
beome a "arty to the s#it. %iffers from the "roess of beoming an A,$'&( '&R$AE.
INTER-ENTII 9 * ati#ne "rin are #nei a treia "ersoane are "oate fi afetate de #n "roes i se "ermite
sa devina "arte a "roes#l#i. Este diferit de "roes#l de a deveni <Ami#s '#riare.<
INTE&TAC( LA*& 9 (ee %E('E>T A>% %$(TR$E&T$*> (TAT&TE(.
LEGI DE INTE&TATII 9DeJi (tat#tele de (#esi#ne si %istrib#ire.
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INTE&TATE 9 To die witho#t ma=ing a will or leaving instr#tions for dis"osal of yo#r "ro"erty after
death. 6(ee TE(TATE.8
INTE&TAT 9 A m#ri fara a lasa testament sa# edare a "ro"rietatii "ersonale d#"a moarte. DeJi a Testata.
INTE&TATE (&''E(($*> 9 The "roess by whih the "ro"erty of a "erson who has died witho#t a will
"asses on to others aording to state law.
&UCE&IUNE INTE&TATATA 9 !roes#l "rin are "ro"rietatea #nei "ersonae are a m#rit fara a lasa
testament tree in "osesia altora in de aord # legea stat#l#i.
INTO/ICATION 9 A diminished ability to at with f#ll mental and "hysial a"abilities bea#se of
alohol or dr#g ons#m"tionC dr#n=enness.
INTO/ICARE 9 Abilitate dimin#ata da a ationa in de"lina a"aitate mentala si fiJia din a#Ja
ons#m#l#i de alool si drogC betie.
INTRODUCTOR( IN&TRUCTION& 9 !re9trial admonitions or statements by A#dge or other o#rt
offiial that e;"lain to the A#ry, lawyers, and/ or a#diene their d#ties, and obligations d#ring o#rt
"roeedings.
IN&TRUCTIUNIINTRODUCTORII 9 Admonestari si delaratii fa#te de A#deator inainte de A#deata,
sa# atre alta a#toritate a trib#nal#l#i, are e;"lia A#ri#l#i, avoatilor si/ sa# a#dientei datoriile si
obligatiile lor in tim"#l "roed#rilor legale.
IN-E&TIGATION 9 A legal inq#iry to disover and ollet fats onerning a ertain matter.
IN-E&TIGATIE 9 * eretare legala "entr# a deso"eri si a #lege fa"te referitoare la o an#mita
"roblema.
IN-OLUNTAR( MAN&LAUG,TER 9 The #nlawf#l =illing of a h#man being in whih there is no
intention to =ill or do grievo#s bodily harm, b#t that is ommitted with riminal negligene or d#ring the
ommission of a rime not inl#ded within the felony m#rder r#le. 6Also alled negligent mansla#ghter.8
OMORIRE "RIN IM"RUDENTA 9 &iderea ilegala a #nei finite #mane in are n# e;ista nii o intentie
de omorire sa# de a a#Ja vatamare tr#"easa hin#itoare, dar aeasta este omisa "rin negliAenta sa# in
tim"#l omiterii #nei infrati#ni are n# este inl#sa in reg#la delit#l#i de rima. 6(e mai n#meste #idere
din negliAenta.8
IN-OLUNTAR( INTO/ICATION 9 The ingestion of alohol or dr#gs against one)s will or witho#t ones
=nowledge. This may be #sed as an affirmative defense to a riminal negligene harge.
INTO/ICARE IN-OLUNTARA 9 $nghitirea de alool sa# drog#ri im"otriva vointei sa# fara #nostinta
#iva. Aeasta se "oate folosi a a"arare afirmativa fata de o a#Jatie de negliAenta riminala.
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IRRELE-ANT 9 Evidene not s#ffiiently related to the matter at iss#e.
IRELE-ANT 9 Evidenta are n# este s#fiient de re"reJentativa fata de "roblema in hesti#ne.
IRRE-OCA$LE TRU&T 9 A tr#st that annot be hanged or anelled after it is made.
TUTELAIRE-OCA$ILA 9 * t#tela are n# "oate fi shimbata sa# an#lata #" ae este fa#ta.
$((&E 938 The dis"#ted "oint in a disagreement between "arties in a laws#it. .8 To send o#t offiially, as
when a o#rt iss#es an order.
'AK 9 38 !#nt#l de divergenta intr9o neintelegere intre "artile im"liate intr9#n "roes.. 8 A inmina
ofiial, a si in aJ#l in are trib#nal#l trimite #n mandate.
JAIL 9 A "lae of onfinement that is more than a "olie station and less than a "rison. $t is #s#ally #sed to
hold "ersons onvited of misdemeanors or "ersons awaiting trial.
INC,I&OARE 9 &n lo de retinere are este mai mare deat de o statie de "olitie si mai mi deat. Este de
obiei folosit "entr# a retine "ersoanele ondamnate de infrati#ne sa# "ersoanele are s#nt in aste"tarea
#n#i "roes.
JEO"ARD( 9 Ris= to a defendant of "ossible onvition and "#nishment. $n a riminal ase, the defendant
is #s#ally said to be <in Aeo"ardy< after the "reliminary hearing has ta=en "lae and the A#ry has been sworn
in.
"ERICOL 9 Ris#l #n#i relamat de a fi ondamnat si "ede"sit intr9#n aJ infrational, se s"#ne de obiei
relamat#l este la ris d#" ae a#dierea "reliminara a l#at lo si A#ri#l a de"#s A#ramant#l.
JO,N&ON MOTION 9 A motion to dis#ss grand A#ry inditment.
69O998 9 * moti#ne "entr# a dis#ta inriminarea marel#i A#ri#.
JOIN 9 To #nite, to ombine, to enter into an alliane.
A &>$ 9 A #ni, a ombina, a intra intr9o alianta.
JOINDER 9 Generally, a bringing or Aoining together. For e;am"le, "laintiff s Aoining in a s#it, or a Aoining
of ations or defense.
UNIRE A "ARTILOR CA RECLAMANTI 9 $n general a ad#e sa# a se #ni, de e;em"l# relamanti se
#nes intr9#n "roes sa# o #nire a ati#nilor, sa# a a"ararii.
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JOINT AND &E-ERAL LIA$ILIT( 9 A legal dotrine that ma=es eah of the "arties who are
res"onsible for an inA#ry liable for all the damages awarded in a laws#it if the other "arties res"onsible
annot "ay.
69O998 9 * dotrina A#ridia "rin are fieare dintre "artile are s#nt res"onsabile "entr# o vatamare, s#nt
fa#te res"onsabile "entr# toate "ag#bele atrib#ite #n#i "roes, daa elelalte "arti res"onsabile n# "ot
"lati.
JOINT TENANC( 9 Bhen two or more "eo"le own something and have rights of s#rvivorshi". This
means that if one tenant dies, his or her share goes to the other tenants.
"O&E&IUNE COMUNA 9 'and do#a sa# mai m#lte "ersoane s#nt "ro"rietare ale #n#i sing#r l#r# si a#
dre"t#l de s#"raviet#ire. Aeasta inseamna a daa #n#l dintre "ro"rietary moare, "artea sa aA#nge in
"osesia el#ilalt.
JOINT -ENTURE 9 An assoiation of "ersons Aointly #nderta=ing some ommerial enter"rise. &nli=e a
"artnershi", a Aoint vent#re does not entail a ontin#ing relationshi" among the "arties.
INTRE"RINDERE COMUNA 9 * asoiere de "ersonae #nite are sabiles im"re#na o intre"rindere. ("re
deosebire de "arteneriat, o intre"rindere #nita n# im"lia o relati ontin#a intre "ari.
JO(RIDING 9 $llegally ta=ing an a#tomobile witho#t intent to de"rive the owner "ermanently of the
vehile, often involving re=less driving.
CALATORIE DE "LACERE 9 L#area ilegala a #n#i a#tomobile fara intentia de a9l "riva "e "ro"rietar in
mod "raentde vehi#l im"liand ond#erea negliAenta a l#i.
JUDGE 9 An eleted or a""ointed "#bli offiial with a#thority to hear and deide ases in a o#rt of law.
JUDECATOR 9 * "ersoana ofiiala "#blia seletata sa# n#mita "entr# a a#dia sa# a deide aJ#rile in
trib#nal.
JUDGMENT 2JUDGEMENT3 9 The A#dge)s final deision in a ase. $t says how m#h the "erson who lost
has to "ay the "erson who won, and when. (ometimes, yo# an hange "art of the A#dgment with a hearing.
JUDECATA 9 %eiJia finala a #n#i A#deator intr9#n "roess. Arata at treb#ie sa "lateasa "ersoana are a
"ierd#t aJ#l "ersoanei are a astigat, si and. &neori A#deata "oate fi shimbata "rintr9o a#diere.
JUDGMENT CREDITOR 9 The "erson who wins the ase. 69
O998 9 !ersoana are astiga #n "roes.
JUDGMENT DE$TOR 9 The "erson who loses the ase. 69
O998 9 !ersoana are "ierde aJ#l.
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JUDICIAL COUNCIL 9 The onstit#tionally mandated body res"onsible for im"roving the administration
of A#stie in the state. The o#nil is made #" of A#dges, o#rt e;e#tives, attorneys, and legislators. $t was
established to standardiJe o#rt administration, "ratie, and "roed#re by ado"ting and enforing o#rt
r#les.
CON&ILIU JUDECATORE&C 9 'or"#l insarinat "rin onstit#tie de a imb#natati administrarea A#stitiei
in stat. 'onsili#l este format din A#deatori, "ersoana e;e#tive, avoati si legislatori. A fost stability
"entr# a standardiJe administrarea, "ratia si "roed#ra trib#nal#l#i, "rin ado"tarea si im"#nerea reg#lilor
A#deatoresti.
JUDICIAL NOTICE 9 A o#rt)s reognition of the tr#th of basi fats witho#t formal evidene.
A-I0 JUDECATORE&C 9 Re#noasterea de atre #n trib#nal a adevar#l#i in legat#ra # o fa"ta sim"la
fara evidenta strita.
JUDICIAL O%%ICER 9 F#dges, referees, and ommissioners who ma=e o#rt deisions as a A#dge.
O%ITER JUDECATORE&C 9 F#deatori, arbitrii si omisari are ia# deiJii A#deatoresti intomai a
#nA#deator.
JUDICIAL RE-IE* 9 The a#thority of a o#rt to review the offiial ations of other branhes of
government. Also, the a#thority to delare #nonstit#tional the ations of other branhes.
RE-I0UIRE JUDECATOREA&CA 9 A#toritatea #n#i trib#nal de a reviJ#ia ati#nile ofiiala ale altor
branse ale g#vern#l#i. %e asemeni, a#toritatea de a delara neonstit#tionale ati#nile altor branse.
JURAT 9 'ertifiate of offier or "erson before whom writing was sworn to. The la#se written at the foot
of an affidavit, stating where, when, and before whom the affidavit was sworn.
DECLARATIE 9 'ertifiat#l #n#i ofiter sa# "ersoane inaintea ar#ia s9a fa#t srierea s#b A#ramant,
la#Ja srisa in s#bsol#l "aginii #nei de"oJitii aratand #nde, and si inaintea #i s9a ratifiat do#ment#l.
JURI&DICTION 9 638 The legal a#thority of a o#rt to hear and deide a ase. 6.8 The geogra"hi area
over whih the o#rt has a#thority to deide ases. 6?8 the territory, s#bAet matter, or "ersons over whih
lawf#l a#thority may be e;erised by a o#rt.
JURI&DICTIE 938 A#toritatea A#deatoreasa a #n#i trib#nal de a a#dia si A#dea #n aJ . .8 Kona
geografia "este trib#nal#l are a#toritate de a deide aJ#rile. ?8 Teritori#l, "roblema, sa# "ersoanele as#"ra
arora #n trib#nal "oate sa e;erite a#toritate legala.
JURI&DICTIONAL ,EARING& 9 A hearing at whih the o#rt determines whether the hild falls
within the A#risdition of the A#venile o#rt.
AUDIERI JURI&DICTIONALE 9 * a#diere la are trib#nal#l hotaraste daa #n o"il ade s#b
A#risditia trib#nal#l#i A#venile.
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JURI&"RUDENCE 9 The st#dy of law and the str#t#re of the legal system.
JURI&"RUDENTA 9 (t#di#l legii si al str#t#rii #n#i system legal.
JUROR 9 ,ember of the A#ry.
JURAT 9 ,embr# al A#ri#l#i.
JUROR1 ALTERNATE 9 Additional A#ror im"aneled in ase of si=ness or disability of another A#ror.
JURAT DE RE0ER-A 9 &n A#rat aditional inl#s "e lista in aJ de boala sa# debilitate a #n#i alt A#rat.
JUR( 9 A gro#" of itiJens "i=ed aording to law and a#thoriJed to deide a ase. JURIU
9 &n gr#" de etateni ales in de aord # legea si a#toriJat sa hotareasa #n aJ.
JUR( $O/ 9 The s"eifi "lae in the o#rtroom where the A#ry sits d#ring the trial.
$O/A "ENTRU JURATI 9 Lo#l s"eial intr9#n sala de trib#nal #nde A#ri#l este aseJat in tim"#l
"roes#l#i.
JUR( COMMI&&IONER 9 The loal offiial res"onsible for giving the o#rt lists of q#alified "otential
A#rors.
COMI&AR AL JURIULUI 9 !ersoana ofiiala loala res"onsabila "entr# a da trib#nal#l#i listele de
"otentialiA#rati.
JUR( %OREMAN 9 The A#ror who is in harge of the A#ry d#ring deliberations and s"ea=s for the A#ry in
o#rt when anno#ning the verdit.
"RIM JURAT AL JURIULUI 9 Este A#rat#l are re"reJinta A#ri#l in tim"#l deliberarilor si vorbeste
oentr# A#ri# la trib#nal and an#nta verdit#l.
JUR(1 ,UNG 9 A A#ry whih is #nable to agree on a verdit after a s#itable "eriod of deliberation.
69O998 9 &n A#ri# are n# este a"abil sa ada de aord as#"ra #n#i verdit d#"a "erioada aordata "entr#
deliberare.
JUR( IN&TRUCTION& 9 %iretions that the A#dge gives the A#ry right before they deide a ase. They tell
the A#ry what laws a""ly to that "arti#lar ase.
IN&TRUCTIUNI ALE JURIULUI 9 %iretivi "e are le da A#deator#l A#ratilor hiar inainte de a hotari
aJ#l. Ei s"#n A#ri#l#i are legi se a"lia in aJ#l res"etiv.
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JUR( TRIAL 9 A trial that is heard and deided by a A#ry.
"ROCE& AL JURIULUI 9 &n "roes A#deat si onl#Jionat de #n A#ri#.
JU&TI%ICATION 9 A lawf#l or s#ffiient reason for one)s ats or omissions. A defense of A#stifiation is
a showing of a s#ffiient reason for an ation by defendant. For e;am"le, in an assa#lt "rose#tion against
a defendant, a A#stifiation wo#ld be that the violene was neessary.
JU&TI%ICARE 9 &n motiv legal si s#ffiient "entr# ati#nile de omitere a #iva. * a"arare de A#stifiare
inseamna a arata motiv s#ffiient "entr# o ati#ne fa#ta de atre relamat. $ntr9#n ata al a#Jarii
im"otriva relamat#l#i, A#stifiare inseamna a violenta a fost nevesara.
JU&TI%IA$LE 9 $ss#es and laims a"able of being "ro"erly e;amined in o#rt.
JU&TI%ICAT 9 !robleme si "langeri are "ot fi e;aminte in mod orret in trib#nal.
JU&TI%IA$LE ,OMICIDE 9 The intentional =illing of another h#man being witho#t any evil design,
and #nder s#h ir#mstanes of neessity or d#ty as render the at "ro"er, and relieve the "arty from any
shadow of blame.
OMUCIDERE JU&TI%ICATA 9 *morirea intentionata a #nei alte finite omenesti fara #n so" ra# si s#b
ir#mstante de asa nat#ra inat alifia at#l a A#stifiat si elibereaJa "artea de orie #mbra de vinovatie.
JU-ENILE 9 A "erson #nder 32 years old. 6(ee also ,$>*R.8
JU-ENIL 9 * "ersoana s#b o"tse"reJee ani.
JU-ENILE COURT 9 !art of the (#"erior 'o#rt that handles delinq#eny and de"endeny ases
involving minors.
TRI$UNAL JU-ENIL 9 !arte a '#rtii (#"erioare are se o#"a # aJ#ri de delinventa si de"endenta
im"liand minori.
JU-ENILE ,ALL 9 The faility where A#venile offenders are held in #stody.
INC,I&OARE JU-ENILA 9 'ladirea in are infratorii A#venili s#nt tin#ti in #stodie.
JU-ENILE *AI-ER 9 A "roed#re by whih a harge6s8 against a minor is transferred from a A#venile to
ir#it o#rt.
69O998 9 * "roed#ra "rin are a#Jatia im"otriva #n#i minor este transferata de la #n trib#nal A#venil la #n#l
de ir#it.
)IDNA""ING 9 The ta=ing or detaining of a "erson against his or her will and witho#t lawf#l a#thority.
RA"IRE 9 L#area sa# retinerea #nei "ersaone im"otriva vointei sale si fara a#torite legala.
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)EE"ER 9 An offier that the o#rt a""oints to be res"onsible for money or "ro"erty legally seiJed in
onnetion with a "ending ase.
DETINATOR 9 &n ofiter "e are il n#meste trib#nal#l sa fie res"onsabil # banii si "ro"rietatea onfisate
legal, in legat#ra # #n aJ in desfas#rre.
)NO*INGL( 9 Bith =nowledge, willf#lly or intentionally with res"et to a material element of an offense.
IN MOD '*>(T$E>T 9 '# #nostinta, in mod voit sa# intentionat, in legat#ra # elemental material al
#nei infrati#ni.
LAC)ING CA"ACIT( 9 La=ing q#alifiation, om"eteny, "ower or fitness. Eeing ina"able of
giving legal onsent. La= of f#ndamental ability to be ao#ntable for ations.
LI"&A DE CA"ACITATE 9 Li"sa alifiarii, om"etentei sa# a "#terii. $na"abil de a da
onsimtamant#l legal. Li"sa de abilitate f#ndamentala de a fi res"onsabil "entr# ati#ni.
LARCEN( 9 (tealing or theft.
DELA"IDARE 9 F#rt sa# hotie.
LA* 9 'ombination of r#les and "rini"les of ond#t made =nown by legislative a#thority, derived from
o#rt deisions, and established by loal #stom.
LEGE 9 'ombinatie de reg#li si "rini"ii de ond#ita fa#te #nos#t "rin a#toritate legislativa, derivate din
deiJii ale trib#nal#l#i si stabilite "rin oiei#l loal.
LA* AND MOTION 9 A setting before a A#dge at whih time a variety of motions, "leas, sentening,
orders to show a#se or "roed#ral req#ests may be "resented. >ormally, evidene is not ta=en. %efendants
m#st be "resent.
LEGE &I MOTIUNE 9 * ad#nare in fata #n#i A#deator #nde "ot fi "reJentate o varietate de moti#ni,
"ledoarii, ordine "entr# aratarea a#Jei sa# erintelor de "roed#ra. $n mod normal n# se ia evidenta.
Relamatii treb#ie sa fie "reJenti.
LA* CLER)& 9 !ersons trained in the law who assist A#dges in researhing legal o"inions.
%UNCTIONARIAILEGII 9 !ersoane instr#ite in domeni#l legii are aA#ta "e A#deator in eretarea
o"iniilor legale.
LA* E>F*R'E,E>T AGE>T 9 A sworn "eae offier with legal a#thoriJation to arrest individ#als
#nder s#s"iion of brea=ing the law.
AGENT DE A"LICARE A LEGII 9 &n ofiter A#rat # a#toriJatie legala de a resta indiviJi s#b
s#s"ii#nea de inarare a legii.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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LA*&UIT 9 An ation between two or more "ersons in the o#rts of law, not a riminal matter.
"ROCE& 9 * ati#ne intre do#a sa# mai m#lte "ersoane, la trib#nal, are n# este infrati#ne.
LA( "ER&ON 9 *ne not trained in law.
"ER&OANA LAICA 9 'ineva are n# este instr#it in domeni#l legal.
LEADING +UE&TION 9 A q#estion whih instr#ts the witness how to answer or "#ts words in his
mo#th. (#ggests to the witness the desired answer.
69O998 9 * intrebare are il instr#ieste "e martor #m sa ras"#nda sa# il forteaJa sa ras"#nda intr9#n an#mit
fel. (#gereaJa martor#l#i ras"#ns#l dorit.
LEA(E 9 An agreement for renting real "ro"erty. &s#ally written and for a s"eifi amo#nt of time.
INC,IRIERE 9 &n ontrat "entr# inhirierea #nei "ro"rietatiC de obiei sris si stability "entr# o an#mita
"erioada de tim".
LEGAL AID 9 !rofessional legal servies available #s#ally to "ersons or organiJations #nable to afford
s#h servies.
AJUTOR LEGAL 9 (erviii legale "rofesionale dis"onibile de obiei "entr# "ersoanele sa# organiJatiile
are n#9si "ot "ermite astfel de serviii.
LE>$E>'N 9 Reommendation for a sentene less than the ma;im#m allowed.
INDULGENTA 9 Reomandare "entr# o sentinta mai mia deat ea ma;ima "ermisa.
LE&&ER INCLUDED O%%EN&E 9 A rime om"osed of some, b#t not all, of the elements of a greater
rimeC ommission of the greater rime a#tomatially inl#des ommission of the lesser inl#ded offense.
69O998 9 * infrati#ne om"#sa din #nele darn # toate elementele #nei infrati#ni mai mari. 'omiterea
infrati#nii mai mari inl#de a#tomat omiterea ofensei mai mii.
LETTER& O% ADMINI&TRATION 9 Legal do#ment iss#ed by a o#rt that shows an administrator)s
legal right to ta=e ontrol of assets in the deeased "erson)s name.
DOCUMENT DE ADMINI&TRARE 9 &n do#ment legal eliberat de #n trib#nal are arata dre"t#l legal al
#n#i administrator de a l#a s#b ontrol averea in n#mele #nei "ersoane deedate.
LETTER& O% CON&ER-ATOR&,I" 9 A o#rt "a"er that states that the onservator is a#thoriJed to at
on the onservatee)s behalf. Also alled <Letters.<
DOCUMENT DE "ROTECTIE 9 &n do#ment legal are onfirma a gardian#l este a#toriJat sa
ationeJe in folos#l "roteAat#l#i.
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LETTER& O% GUARDIAN&,I" 9 The instr#ment by whih a "erson is em"owered to ta=e harge of the
"erson and/or estate of minors and insane or inom"etent "ersons, whenever neessary or onvenient.
DECOMENT DE TUTELA 9 $nstr#ment "rin are o "ersoana este im"#terniita sa ia s#b ontrol o
"ersoana sa# "ro"rietatea minorilor, sa# a #nei "ersoane inom"etente sa# bolnave mental, de ate ori este
neesar sa# onvenabil.
LETTER& ROGATOR( 9 A formal omm#niation, in writing, sent by a o#rt in whih an ation is
"ending to a o#rt or A#dge of a foreign o#ntry, req#esting that the testimony of a witness who lives within
the A#risdition of the foreign o#rt may be ta=en #nder its diretion and transmitted to the first o#rt for
#se in the "ending ation.
DOCUMENT ROGATORIU 9 * om#niare formala in sris trimisa de #n trib#nal in are o ati#ne este
in #rs de desfas#rare la #n trib#nal sa# la #nA#deator al #nei tari straine erand a mart#ria #n#i martor
are lo#ieste in A#risditia #n#i trib#nal strain sa fie l#ata s#b diretiva sa si transmisa la "rim#l trib#nal
"entr# folosirea in ati#nea in #rs de desfas#rare.
LETTER& TE&TAMENTAR( 9 Legal do#ment iss#ed by a o#rt that shows an e;e#tor)s legal right to
ta=e ontrol of assets in the deeased "erson)s name.
DOCUMENT TE&TAMENTAR 9 %o#ment legal eliberat de #n trib#nal are arata dre"t#l legal al #n#i
e;e#tor de a l#a s#b ontrol averea in n#mele #nei "ersoane deedate.
LE-( 9 To obtain money by legal "roess thro#gh seiJ#re and/or sale of "ro"erty.
69O998 9 *btinerea de bani "rin "roess legal, "rin onfisarea si/sa# vinderea "ro"rietatii.
LE*D CONDUCT 9 Eehavior that is obsene, l#stf#l, indeent, v#lgar.
CONDUIUTA O$&CENA 9 'om"ortament are este obsen, sens#al, indeent, v#lgar.
LIA$ILIT( 9 Legal debts and obligations.
RE&"ON&A$ILITATE 9 %atorii si obligatii legale.
LIA$LE 9 Legally res"onsible.
RE&"ON&A$IL 9 Res"onsabil legal.
LI$EL 9 False and maliio#s material that is written or "#blished that harms a "erson)s re"#tation. (ee
%EFA,AT$*>.
DE%AIMARE 9 ,aterial fals si ra#taios are este "#bliat si are vatama re"#tatia #nei "ersoane.
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LIE DETECTOR 9 A mahine whih reords by a needle on a gra"h varying emotional dist#rbanes when
answering q#estions tr#ly or falsely, as indiated by fl#t#ations in blood "ress#re, res"iration, or
"ers"iration.
DETECTOR DE MINCIUNI 9 * masina are inregistreaJa # aA#tor#l #n#i a "e #n grafi variatiile
emotionale and se ras"#nde adevarat sa# fals la intrebari, asa #m este indiat "rin osilari in tensi#ne,
res"iratie sa# trans"iratie.
L$E> 9 The right to =ee" a debtor)s "ro"erty from being sold or transferred #ntil the debtor "ays what he or
she owes.
AMANET 9 %re"t#l de a "astra "ro"rietatea #n#i datorni de la vanJare sa# transfer, "ana and datorni#l
"lateste eea e datoreaJa.
LI%E IM"RI&ONMENT 9 A ty"e of sentene where the onvited riminal is ordered to s"end the rest of
his or her life in "rison.
INC,I&OARE "E -IATA 9 &n ti" de sentinta in are riminal#l ondamnat treb#ie sa "etreaa rest#l vietii
in inhisoare.
LIMINE 9 A motion req#esting that the o#rt not allow ertain evidene that might "reA#die the A#ry.
69O998 9 * moti#ne erand trib#nal#l#i san # "ermita o an#mita evidenta are ar "#tea "reA#diial A#ri#l.
LIMINE MOTION 9 A "retrial motion req#esting the o#rt to "rohibit o""osing o#nsel from referring to
or offering evidene on matters.
69O998 9 * moti#ne inaintea A#deatii are ere trib#nal#l#i sa interJia avoat#l#i "artii o"#se a se referi la
sa# a oferi evidenta in legat#ra # hesti#nea in a#Ja.
LIMITATION O% ACTION& 9 The time "eriod im"osed by law to bring an ation in o#rt. 6E;am"le
stat#tes of limitation8
LIMITAREA DE ACTIUNI 9 !erioada de tim" im"#sa "rin lege, "entr# ad#erea #nei ati#ni, la trib#nal.
6E;5 stat#te de limitare8.
LIMITED ACTION 9 A ivil ation in whih reovery of less than a ertain amo#nt 6as s"eified by
stat#te8 is so#ght. (im"lified r#les of "roed#re are #sed in s#h ations.
ACTIUNE LIMITATA 9 Ati#ne ivila are #rmareste re#"erarea #nei s#me mai mii 6asa #m e
stabilita "rin stat#t8. $n astfel de ati#i sint folosite reg#li sim"lifiate de "roed#ri.
LIMITED JURI&DICTION 9 Refers to o#rts that are limited in the ty"es of riminal and ivil ases they
may hear. For e;am"le, traffi violations generally are heard by limited A#risdition o#rts.
JURI&DICTIE LIMITATA 9 (e refera la trib#nale ale aror aJ#ri sint limitate la aJ#ri infrationale si
ivile. %e e;em"l#, violarile de trafi sint A#deate la trib#nale # A#risditie limitata.
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LINEU" 9 A "olie identifiation "roed#re by whih the s#s"et to a rime is e;hibited, along with
others, before the vitim or witness to determine if the vitim or witness an identify the s#s"et as the
"erson who ommitted the rime.
ALINIERE 9 !roed#ra de identifiare, la "olitie, "rin are s#s"et#l de o infrati#ne este "reJentat,
im"re#na # altii, in fata vitimei sa# martor#l#i "entr# a determina daa vitima sa# martor#l il "oate
identifia "e s#s"et a ineva are a omis infrati#nea.
LI& "ENDEN& 9 A "ending s#it.
69O998 9 &n "roess in #rs de reJolvare.
LITIGANT 9 A "arty, or side involved in a laws#it.
"ARTE LITIGANTA 9 !arte im"liata intr9#n "roess.
LITIGATION 9 A ase, ontroversy, or laws#it.
LITIGIU 9 !roes, ontroversa, ontestatie.
LI-ING TRU&T 9 A tr#st set #" and in effet d#ring the lifetime of the "erson. Also alled inter vivos trust.
69O998 9 T#tela intrata in efet in tim"#l vietii #nei "ersoane. (e mai n#meste <t#tela inter vivos."
LOCALIT( DI&CRIMINATION 9 Those either giving #nd#e "referene to any loality or s#bAeting it
to #nd#e "reA#die.
69O998 9 'ineva are "erefera #n an#mit sedi# sa# are il s#"#n la "reA#deata, in mod nelegitim.
LOCAL RULE& 9 A set of r#les yo# have to follow to start a o#rt ase. Every o#nty and o#rt has
different loal r#les.
REGULI LOCALE 9 &n set de reg#li are treb#ie #rmate "entr# a deshide #n "roes.
LOCU& DELICTI& 9 The "lae of the offense. 69
O998 9 Lo#l delit#l#i.
LOITERING 9 To stand idly aro#nd, "arti#larly in a "#bli "lae.
0A$O-IRE 9 A Jabovi in s"eial intr9#n lo "#bli.
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L(NC,ING 9 !#tting a "erson to death, #s#ally by hanging, witho#t legal a#thority.
LIN&ARE 9 A omori o "ersoana de obiei "rin s"inJ#rare fara a#toritate legala.
MAGI&TRATE 9 F#diial offier with the "ower to iss#e arrest warrants.
MAGI&TRAT 9 *fiter A#diiar are are "#terea de a elibera ordine de arest.
MA)E OR DRA* 9 To a#se to e;ist. To fashion or "rod#e in legal form. To "re"are a draftC to
om"ose and write o#t in d#e form, s#h as a deed, ontrat, om"laint, answer, "etition, et.
69O998 9 A determina e;istenta. A modela sa# a "rod#e in forma legala. A "regati o shitaC a om"#ne si
srie in forma er#ta, de e;em"l# o "ro#ra, #n ontrat, o "langere, #n ras"#ns, o "etitie et.
,ALFEA(A>'E 9 !erformane of an at that sho#ld not have been done at all.
IN%RACTIUNE 9 $nfa"t#irea #n#i at are n# ar fi treb#it fa#t.
MALICE 9 $ll will, hatred, or hostility by one "erson toward another whih may "rom"t the intentional
doing of a wrongf#l at witho#t legal A#stifiation or e;#se.
INTENTIE CRIMINALA 9 Rea vointa, #ra sa# ostilitate a #nei "ersoane fata de alta are "oate a#Ja
infa"t#irea #n#i at ra#, fara A#stifiare sa# s#Ja legala.
MALICE A%ORET,OUG,T 9 $ntending to =ill another "erson or intending to do an at with
=nowledge that it is dangero#s to h#man life.
INTENTIE CRIMINALA CU "REMEDITRE 9 $ntentia de a omori alta "ersoana, sa# intentia de a
omite #n at, in #nostinta de a#Ja, are este "eri#los vietii #mane.
MALICIOU& MI&C,IE% 9 Billf#l destr#tion of "ro"erty, from at#al ill will or resentment toward its
owner or "ossessor.
GRE&EALA DELICTUOA&A 9 %istr#gerea voita a "ro"rietatii din rea vointa sa# din resentiment fata de
"osesor#l aesteia.
MALICIOU& "RO&ECUTION 9 An ation with the intention of inA#ring the defendant and witho#t
"robable a#se, and whih terminates in favor of the "erson "rose#ted.
ACU0ATIE INTENTIONATA 9 * ati#ne # intentia de vatamare a relamat#l#i fara a#Ja legitima si
are sfarseste aJ#l in favoarea "ersoanei a#Jate.
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MALICIOU&L( 9 To annoy, or inA#re another, or an intent to do a wrongf#l at, and may onsist in diret
intention to inA#re, or in re=less disregard of another)s rights
CU "REMEDITARE 9 A enerva sa# a vatama "e ineva, sa# intentia de a omite #n at ra#, # direta
intentie de a vatama, sa# negliAarea dre"t#rilor #iva.
MAL"RACTICE 9 Diolation of a "rofessional d#ty to at with reasonable are and in good faith witho#t
fra#d or oll#sion. This term is #s#ally a""lied to s#h ond#t by dotors, lawyers, or ao#ntants.
%A"TA DELICTUA&A 9 Diolarea datoriei "rofesionale de a ationa "r#dent si # b#na redinta fara fra#da
sa# om"liitate. Aest termen este de obiei a"liat la o asemenea ond#ita de atre dotori, avoati, sa#
ontabili.
MANDAMU& 9 A writ iss#ed by a o#rt ordering a "#bli offiial to "erform an at.
69O998 9 %o#ment eliberat de #n trib#nal ordonind #nei "ersoane "#blie ofiiale sa omita #n an#mit at.
MANDATE 9 A A#diial ommand or order "roeeding from a o#rt or A#diial offier, direting the "ro"er
offier to enfore a A#dgment, sentene, or deree.
MANDAT 9 * omanda legala, sa# ordin venit de la trib#nal sa# de la #n ofiter A#diiar instr#ind "e
ofiter#l legitim de a a"lia o A#deata, sentinta, sa# deret.
MANDATOR( 9 Req#ired, ordered.
O$LIGATORIU 9 'er#t, ordonat.
MAN&LAUG,TER1 IN-OLUNTAR( 9 &nlawf#l =illing of another, witho#t malie, when the death is
a#sed by some other #nlawf#l at not #s#ally e;"eted to res#lt in great bodily harm.
OMUCIDERE %ARA "REMEDITARE &I IN-OLUNTARA 9 *morirea ilegala a #iva fara
"remeditare, and moartea este a#Jata "rintr9#n alt at illegal are n# se astea"ta, in general, sa reJ#lte in
vatamare serioasa or"orala.
MAN&LAUG,TER1 -OLUNTAR( 9 &nlawf#l =illing of another, witho#t malie, when the at is
ommitted with a s#dden e;treme emotional im"#lse.
OMUCIDERE %ARA "REMEDITARE -OLUNTARA 9 *morirea ilegala a #iva, fara "remeditare,
and at#l este omis "rintr9#n im"#ls emotional instantane# si e;trem.
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MARIJUANA 9 <'annabis< is an ann#al herb having ang#lar ro#gh stem and dee"ly lobed leaves. $t is an
illegal dr#g ommonly #sed thro#gh smo=e inhalation or ingestion, the #se of whih res#lts in "rolonged
into;iation. Any "erson who #ltivates, trans"orts, or "ossesses mariA#ana, for "ersonal #se or sale, is
g#ilty of a rime, #nless they an assert a "ro"er defense.
MARIJUANA 9 <'annabis< este o "lanta an#ala # o t#l"ina #nghi#lara tare si # fr#nJele adanite. Este
#n drog illegal folosit in general "rin inhalarea si inghitirea f#m#l#i, iar folosirea l#i d#e la o into;iare
"rel#ngita. *rie "ersoana are #ltiva, trans"orta, sa# "oseda mariA#ana "entr# #J "ersonal, sa# vanJare,
este vinovata de o rima, in aJ#l in are n# "oate sa ofera o a"arare legitima.
MAR&DEN MOTION 9 A minor who is re"resented by a""ointed o#nsel req#ests the 'o#rt to remove the
attorney and a""oint new o#nsel if the minor)s right to effetive o#nsel wo#ld be s#bstantially im"aired
by ontin#ing with the original attorney.
MOTIUNE .MAR&DEN. 9 &n minor are este re"reJentat de #n avoet n#mit ere trib#nal#l#i sa9$
shimbe avoat#l # #n#l no#, daa dre"t#l minor#l#i la avoat#l at#al ar fi dimin#at in mod s#bstantial,
"rin ontin#area folosirii avoat#l#i initial.
MA&&IA, MOTION 9 A motion to e;l#de fra#d#lently obtained onfessions.
MOTIUNE .MA&&IA,. 9 * moti#ne # so"#l de a e;l#de mart#risiri obtin#te "rin fra#da.
MA&TER 9 An attorney who is a""ointed by the A#dges of a ir#it o#rt with the a""roval of the 'hief
F#dge of the 'o#rt of A""eals, to ond#t hearings and to ma=e finding of fats, onl#sions of law, and
reommendations as to an a""ro"riate order.
69O998 9 &n avoat are este n#mit de atre A#deatorii #n#i trib#nal de ir#it, # a"robarea A#deator#l#i sef
al #rtii de a"el, de a ond#e deJbaterile si eretarile, ol#Jiile legale si reomandarile in e "riveste #n
ordin legitim.
MATERIAL E-IDENCE 9 That q#ality of evidene whih tends to infl#ene the A#dge and/or A#ry
bea#se of its logial onnetion with the iss#e.
E-IDENTA MATERIALA 9 'alitatea evidentei are tinde sa infl#enteJe A#deator#l si/sa# A#ri#l datorita
legat#rii ei logie # "roblema in hesti#ne.
MATERIAL *ITNE&& 9 $n riminal trial, a witness whose testimony is r#ial to either the defense or
"rose#tion.
MARTOR MATERIAL 9 $n "roesele infrationale, #n martor a ar#i mart#rii este r#iala atat "entr#
a"arare at si "entr# a#Jare.
MA(,EM 9 A maliio#s inA#ry whih disables or disfig#res another.
MUTILARE 9 * vatamare "remeditata are debiliteaJa sa# desfig#reaJa o alta "ersoana.
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MEDIATION 9 A "roess in whih "eo"le that are having a dis"#te are hel"ed by a ne#tral "erson to
omm#niate so they an reah a settlement ae"table to both.
MEDIERE 9 &n "roes in are "ersoanele are a# o dis"#ta s#nt aA#tate de o "ersoana ne#tra sa om#nie
in asa fel inat sa aA#nga la o intelegere ae"tata de amando#a "artile.
MEMORANDUM O% CO&T& 9 A ertified, itemiJed statement of the amo#nt of osts after A#dgment.
MEMORANDUM AL CO&TURILOR 9 &n ra"ort legaliJat detaliat re"reJentand s#mele ost#rilor d#"a
A#deata.
MEMORIALI0ED 9 To mar= by observation in writing. A
TRIMITE CERERE 9 A adresa #n memori#m in sris.
,E>A'E 9 A threatC the delaration or show of a dis"osition or determination to inflit an evil or inA#ry
#"on another.
AMENINTARE 9 * amenintareC delararea sa# manifestarea #nei dis"oJitii sa# hotarirea de a a#Ja #n ra#
sa# o vatamare #iva.
,E>( REA 9 The <g#ilty mind< neessary to establish riminal res"onsibility. 69
O998 9 <,intea vinovata< are stabileste infrati#nea.
MENTAL ,EALT, 9 The wellness of a "erson)s state of mind.
&ANATATE MENTALA 9 E#nastarea mentala a #nei "ersoane.
MENTAL INCA"ACIT( 9 Bhere a "erson is fo#nd to be ina"able of #nderstanding and ating with
disretion in the ordinary affairs of life d#e to a loss of reasoning fa#lties.
INCA"ACITATEA MENTALA 9 'and o "ersoana este gasita ina"abila de a intelege sa# a ationa #
disretie, in "roblemele om#ne ale vietii datorita "ierderii fa#ltatilor rationale.
MENTAL &TATE 9 'a"aity or ondition of one)s mind in terms of ability to do or not to do a ertain at.
&TARE MENTALA 9 'a"aitatea mintii #iva in eea e "riveste abilitatea de a fae sa# a n# fae #n
an#mit at.
MERIT& 9 A deision <on the merits< is one that reahes the right6s8 of a "arty, as disting#ished from
dis"osition of a ase on a gro#nd not reahing the right6s8 raised in an ation.
TEMEI 9 %eiJia <"e temei< este ea are im"lineste dre"t#rile #nei "arti.
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MINOR 9 A hild #nder the age of 32 years. 6(ee also F&DE>$LE8.
69O998 9 &n o"il s#b varsta de 32 ani.
MINUTE ORDER 9 %o#ment "re"ared by the ler= reording the orders of the ler=.
ORDININREGI&TRAT 9 %o#ment "regatit de atre #n f#ntionar inregistrind ordinele f#ntionar#l#i.
MIRANDA RIG,T& 9 Req#irement that "olie tell a "erson who is arrested or q#estioned their
onstit#tional rights before they q#estion him or her5 s"eifially, the right to remain silentC that any
statement made may be #sed against him or herC the right to an attorneyC and if the "erson annot afford an
attorney, one will be a""ointed if he or she desires.
DRE"TURILE MIRANDA 9 *bligatia "olitiei de a s"#ne "ersoanei in arest dre"t#rile sale
onstit#tionale, inainte a aeasta sa fie hestionata5 in mod s"eifi, dre"t#l de a ramane ta#tC "rin are
orie delaratie fa#ta "oate fi folosita im"otriva "ersoanei res"etiveC dre"t#l la #n avoetC si in aJ#l in
are "ersoana in a#Ja n#9si "ermite #n avovat, $ se va oferi #n#l din ofii#,la ererea sa.
MIRANDA *ARNING 9 (ee ,$RA>%A R$GHT(.
A-ERTI0MENTUL MIRANDA 9 DeJi <%re"t#rile ,iranda.<
MI&DEMEANOR 9 A rime that an be "#nished by #" to one year in Aail.
DELICT 9 &n delit are "oate fi "ede"sit # "ana la #n an de inhisoare.
MI&TA)E 9 (ome #nintentional at, omission, or error arising from ignorane, s#r"rise, im"osition, or
mis"laed onfidene.
GRE&EALA 9 &n at fara intentie, o omitere, sa# eroare din ignoranta, "e neaste"tate, im"oJitie, sa#
tradarea inrederii #iva.
MI&TRIAL 9 A trial that has been ended and delared void 6of no legal effet8 d#e to "reA#diial error in the
"roeedings or other e;traordinary ir#mstanes.
69O998 9 &n "roes are s9a inheiat si a fost delarat n#l 6fara efet lega8 datorita #nei erori de "reA#dii# in
"roed#ri sa# alte ir#mstante e;traordinare.
MITIGATING CIRCUM&TANCE& 9 Fats whih do not onstit#te a A#stifiation or e;#se for an offense
b#t whih may be onsidered as reasons for red#ing the degree of blame.
CIRCUM&TANTE ATENUANTE 9 Fa"te are n# onstit#ie o A#stifiare sa# o s#Ja "entr# #n delit, dar
are "ot fi onsiderate a motive de red#ere a grad#l#i de vina.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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MITIGATING %ACTOR& 9 Fats that do not onstit#te a A#stifiation or e;#se for an offense b#t whih
may be onsidered as reasons for red#ing the degree of blame.
%ACTORIATENUANTI 9 Fa"te are n# onstit#ie o A#stifiare sa# o s#Ja "entr# #n delit, dar are "ot
fi onsiderate a motive "entr# red#erea grad#l#i de vinovatie.
MITIGATION O% DAMAGE& 9 $m"oses on the inA#red "arty d#ty to minimiJe his damages after inA#ry
has been inflited.
ATENUAREA "AGU$ELOR 9 $m"#ne as#"ra "artii vatamate datoria de a minimalliJa "ag#bele d#"a e
vatamarea a fost a#Jata.
MITTIMU& 9 The name of an order in writing, iss#ing from a o#rt and direting the sheriff or other
offier to ta=e a "erson to a "rison, asyl#m, or reformatory, and direting the Aailer or other a""ro"riate
offiial to reeive and safely =ee" the "erson #ntil his or her fate shall be determined by d#e o#rse of law.
MANDAT DE TRIMITERE LA INC,I&OARE 9 >#mele #n#i ordin in sris, eliberat de #n trib#nal si
instr#ind #n serif sa# #n alt ofiter sa d#a "e ineva la inhisoare, aJil, sa# asa de oretie, si il instr#ieste
"e temnier sa# o alta a#toritate ofiiala sa "rimeasa si sa "astreJe in sig#ranta "ersoana "ana and sit#atia
sa va fi hotarita "rin lege.
MODI%ICATION 9 A s"o=en or written req#est that one side ma=es to as= the A#dge to ma=e a deision or
an order on a s"eifi "oint.
MODI%ICARE 9 * erere verbala sa# in sris "e are o fae #na dintre "arti si are ere A#deator#l#i sa ia
o deiJie sa# sad ea #n ordon as#"ra #nei hesti#ni an#me.
MOOT 9 A "oint or q#estion related to a legal ase that #s#ally has no "ratial im"ortane or relevane to
the ase. A moot "oint is a "oint that an)t be resolved by the A#dge, is not dis"#ted by either side, or is
resolved o#t of o#rt.
LITIGIU 9 * hesti#ne legata de #n "roes A#ridi are de fa"t n# are nii o im"ortanta "ratia sa#
relevanta. * hesti#ne de litigi# este o hesti#ne are n# "oate sa fie reJolvata de atre #n A#deator, n# este
dis"#tata de nii #na dintre "arti si n# este reJolvata de atre trib#nal.
MORAL TUR"ITUDE 9 $mmorality. An element of rimes inherently bad, as o""osed to rimes bad merely bea#se
they are forbidden by stat#te.
IN%AMIE 9 $moralitateC #n element al #nei infrati#ni de #n ra# inerent, in o"oJitie # infrati#ni rele doar
"entr# a s#nt interJise "rin stat#t.
MOTION 9 *ral or written req#est made by a "arty to an ation before, d#ring, or after a trial as=ing the
A#dge to iss#e a r#ling or order in that "arty)s favor.
MOTIUNE 9 'erere srisa sa# orala, fa#ta de atre o "arte fata de o ati#ne inainte, in tim"#l sa#
A#deata, erind a A#deator#l sa ia o deiJie in favoarea aelei "arti.
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MOTION DENIED 9 R#ling or order iss#ed by the A#dge ref#sing the "arty)s req#est.
MOTIUNE RE&"IN&A 9 %eiJie sa# ordin dat de A#deator ref#Jand ererea "artii.
MOTION GRANTED 9 R#ling or order iss#ed by the A#dge a""roving the "arty)s req#est.
MOTIUNE A"RO$ATA 9 %eiJie sa# ordin dat de #n A#deator a"roband ererea "artii.
MOTION IN LIMINE 9 A written motion whih is #s#ally made before or after the beginning of a A#ry
trial for a "rotetive order against "reA#diial q#estions and statements.
69O998 9 * moti#ne srisa fa#ta de obiei inainte sa# d#"a ine"erea A#deatii A#ri#l#i, "entr# #n ordin de
"rotetie im"otriva intrebarilor si delaratiilor vatamatoare.
MOTION TO +UA&, 9 A req#est to ma=e something n#ll or ineffetive, s#h as to <q#ash a s#b"oena.<
MOTIUNE DE ANULARE 9 * erere "entr# a fae eva n#l sa# inefetiv, #m ar fi a asa o itatie.
MOTION TO &E-ER 9 A req#est #s#ally by defense, to have a se"arate trial as to either Aointly tried
defendants or Aointly harged o#nts.
MOTIUNE DE &E"ARARE 9 * erere fa#ta de obiei de atre a"arare "entr# a avea o A#deata
se"arata, #m ar fi relamati A#deati im"re#na sa# a"etelor de a#Jare #nite.
MOTION TO &U""RE&& 9 A req#est to s#""ress as evidene at trial things or statements obtained as a
res#lt of an allegedly illegal searh and seiJ#re 6ommonly referred to as 31?2.1 !' motions.8
MOTIUNE DE &U"RIMARE 9 * erere de intrer#"ere a evidenta intr9#n "roes l#r#ri sa# delaratii
obtin#te in #rma #nei eretari asa Jise ilegale sa# sehestr# 6in general este n#mita <moti#nile " 31?2.18.
MUG&,OT 9 !it#res ta=en after a s#s"et is ta=en into #stody 6boo=ed8, #s#ally #sed as an offiial
"hotogra"h by "olie offiers.
69O998 9 !oJe fa#te d#"a e s#s"et#l este l#at in #stodie, de obiei folosite a "oJe ofiiale de ofiterii de
"olitie.
MULTI"LICIT( O% ACTION& 9 >#mero#s and #nneessary attem"ts to litigate the same iss#e.
MULTITUDINE DE ACTIUNI 9 $neari n#meroase si neneesare de a A#dea aelasi aJ.
MURDER 9 The #nlawf#l =illing of a h#man being with deliberate intent to =ill.
CRIMA 9 *morirea ilegala a #n#i om # intentia deliberata de #idere.
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MURGIA MOTION 9 A req#est made by defense o#nsel to dismiss based on a gro#" of "eo"le being
systematially disriminated against.
69O998 9 * erere de eliberare fa#ta de atre avoat#l a"ararii baJata "e fa"t#l a #n gr#" de oameni s#nt
ontin## disriminati.
NECE&&IT( 9 'ontrolling foreC irresistible om"#lsionC a "ower or im"#lse so great that it admits no
hoie of ond#t.
NECE&ITATE 9 Forta de ontrol, im"#ls ireJistibil, atat de mare inat n# ae"ta nii o obti#ne de
ond#ita.
>E EREAT 9 A writ or o#rt order whih forbids the "erson to whom it is addressed to leave the o#ntry, the
state, or the A#risdition of the o#rt.
69O998 9 &n do#ment sa# ordin al trib#nal#l#i are interJie "ersoanei areia ii este adresat sa "araseasa
tara, stat#l sa# A#risditia trib#nal#l#i.
NEGLECT 9 Absene of are or attention in the doing or omission of a given at. A
NEGLIJA 9 Li"sa de atentie in inde"linirea sa# omiterea #n#i fa"t dat.
NEGLIGENCE 9 Bhen someone fails to be as aref#l as the law req#ires to "rotet the rights and
"ro"erty of others.
NEGLIJENTA 9 'and ineva n# este s#fiient de atent, in eea e "riveste erinta legii de a "roteAa
dre"t#rile si "ro"rietatea altora.
NEGOTIA$LE IN&TRUMENT& 9 A written and signed #nonditional "romise or order to "ay a
s"eified s#m of money on demand or at a definite time "ayable to the bearer.
IN&TRUMENTE NEGOCIA$ILE 9 * "romisi#ne sa# #n ordin neonditional semnat si sris de a "lati o
an#mita s#ma de bani er#ta la o data hotarita.
NE/T %RIEND 9 *ne ating witho#t formal a""ointment as g#ardian for the benefit of an infant, a "erson
of #nso#nd mind not A#diially delared inom"etent, or other "erson #nder some disability.
69O998 9 'ineva are ationeaJa a si g#ardian, fara sa fie n#mit dinainte, in favoarea #n#io"il, a #nei
"ersoane bolnave mintal, are n# a fost delarata inom"etenta din "#nt de vedere A#diiar, sa# in favoarea
#nei "ersoane # alt fel de debilitate.
NO $ILL 9 This "hrase, endorsed by a grand A#ry on the written inditment s#bmitted for a""roval, means
that the evidene was fo#nd ins#ffiient to indit.
69O998 9 Aeasta e;"resie, folosita de marele A#ri# "e o a#Jatie srisa "reJentata "entr# a"robare, inseamna
a doveJile a# fost gasite ins#fiiente "entr# #rmarire in A#stitie.
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NO'CONTE&T CLAU&E 9 Lang#age in a will that is meant to =ee" "eo"le from hallenging the will. $t
says that if a "erson hallenges the will and loses, the "erson gives #" anything he or she wo#ld have
inherited.
CLAU0AINCONTE&TA$ILA 9 &n limbaA folosit intr9#n testament are im"iedia "e ineva de la
ontestarea testament#l#i. (e s"#ne a daa o "ersoana ontesta si "ierde, "ersoana res"etva ren#nta la
orie ar fi mostenit.
NO'%AULT "ROCEEDING& 9 A ivil ase in whih "arties may resolve their dis"#te witho#t a formal
finding of error or fa#lt.
69O998 9 &n aJ ivill in are "artile "ot sa9si reJolve dis"#ta fara gasirea #nei greseli.
NOLLE "RO&E+UI 9 %eision by a "rose#tor not to go forward with harging a rime. $t translates, <$ do
not hoose to "rose#te.< Also loosely alled nolle "ros.
69O998 9 %eiJia #n#i "ro#ror de a n# ontin#a # a#Jatiile as#"ra #nei infrati#ni. (e trad#e <n# aleg sa
a#J.<
NOLO CONTENDRE 9 (ame as "leading g#ilty, e;e"t that yo#r "lea annot be #sed against yo# in ivil
o#rt. This an only be #sed in traffi or riminal o#rt. From the Latin for <$ do not wish to ontend.<
69O998 9 La fel a si "ledoaria de vinovatie, dar "ledoaria n# "oate fi folosita im"otriva ta in trib#nal#l ivilC
"oate sa fie folosit in trib#nal#l riminal sa# de trafi. %in latina, <n# dores sa arg#menteJ.<
NOMINAL "ART( 9 *ne who is Aoined as a "arty or defendant merely bea#se the tehnial r#les of
"leading req#ire his "resene in the reord.
"ARTE NOMINALA 9 'ineva are este ada#gat a "arte sa# a relamat, doar "entr# a reg#lile tehnie de
"ledoarie er "reJenta sa.
NON COM"O& MENTI& 9 >ot of so#nd mindC insane. 69
O998 9 '# minte nesanatoasa, neb#n.
NON'CA"ITAL CA&E 9 A riminal ase in whih the allowable "enalty does not inl#de death.
CA0 NECA"ITAL 9 &n "roes riminal in are "edea"sa "ermisa n# inl#de moartea.
NON E&T 6$>DE>T&(8 9 A ret#rn of "roess when the sheriff o#ld not find the "erson who is to be
served. Latin meaning <not to be fo#nd.<
69O998 9 * t#rn#ra in "roes and serif#l n# a "#t#t gasi "ersoana are treb#ie servita. $n Latina inseamna <de
negasit.<
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NON O$&TANTE -ERDICTO 6>.*.D.8 9 A verdit entered by the A#dge ontrary to a A#ry)s verdit. 69
O998 9 &n verdit dat de atre #nA#deator ontrar verdit#l#i A#ri#l#i.
NON&UIT 9 The name of a A#dgment given against a "laintiff when he is #nable to "rove a ase, or when he
ref#ses or neglets to "roeed to trial and leaves the iss#e #ndetermined.
69O998 9 >#mele #nei A#deati date im"otriva relamant#l#i and aesta n# este a"abil sa dovedeasa #n aJ,
sa# and ref#Ja sa# negliAeaJa sa 9l A#dee si lasa "roblema indeisa.
NOT GUILT( 9 The form of verdit in riminal ases where the A#ry aq#its the defendant.
NE-INO-AT 9 Forma de verdit in "roesele infrationale in are A#ri#l il ahta "e relamat.
NOT GUILT( $( REA&ON O% IN&ANIT( 9 The A#ry or the A#dge m#st determine that the defendant,
bea#se of mental disease or defet, o#ld not ommit the offense.
NE-INO-AT DIN CAU0A NE&ANATATIIMENTALE 9 F#ri#l sa# A#deator#l treb#ie sa hotareasa
fa"t#l a #n relamat n# a "#t#t omite delit#l din a#Ja #nei boli mentale sa# defet.
NOTAR( "U$LIC 9 A "erson a#thoriJed to ertify a "erson)s signat#re, administer oaths, ertify that
do#ments are a#thenti, and ta=e de"ositions.
NOTAR "U$LIC 9 * "ersoana a#toriJata sa re#noasa semnat#ra #nei "ersoane, sa administreJe
A#ramant, sa ertifie a do#mentele s#nt a#tentie sis a ia de"oJitii.
NOTICE 9 Britten information or warning. For e;am"le, a notie to the other side that yo# will ma=e a
motion in o#rt on a ertain date.
NOTI%ICARE 9 $nformatie sa# avertiJment sris. %e e;em"l#, notifiarea eleilalte "arti a t# vei ere o
moti#ne la trib#nal la o an#mta data.
NOTICE O% MOTION 9 A notie to the o""osing "arty, that on a ertain date a motion will be made in
o#rt.
MOTIUNE DE NOTI%ICARE 9 >otifiarea "artii o"#se a o moti#ne va fi "reJentata la trib#nal la o
an#mita data.
NOTICE TO "RODUCE 9 A notie in writing req#iring the o""osite "arty to "rod#e a ertain desribed
"a"er or do#ment at the trial, or in the o#rse of "re9trial disovery.
69O998 9 * nota srisa erand "artii o"#ses a genereJe #n an#mit do#ment de sris, "entr# A#deata sa# in
#rs#l deso"eririlor dinainte de A#deata.
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NUI&ANCE 9 That ativity whih arises from #nreasonable, #nwarranted or #nlawf#l #se by a "erson of his
own "ro"erty, and "rod#ing s#h material annoyane res#lting in damage.
DAUNA 9 Ativitatea are reJ#lta din folosirea ilegala, negarantata si nereJonabila a "ro"rietatii "ersonale
si"rovoand "ag#be.
NULL AND -OID 9 Having no fore, legal "ower to bind, or validity.
NUL &I IN-ALID 9 'are n# are nii o forta, "#tere legaa sa# validitate.
NULLIT( 9 A legal ation that says a marriage never e;isted and the "ersons are still single. 6'om"are
%$((*L&T$*>.8
NULITATE 9 Ati#ne legala are s"#ne a mariaA#l n# a e;istat niiodata, iar "ersoanele s#nt elibatare.
NUNC "RO TUNC 9 Bhen a o#rt order is iss#ed on one date, b#t is effetive as of a date that is in the
"ast. From the Latin for <now for then.<
69O998 9 'and #n ordin al trib#nal#l#i este eliberat la o an#mita data, dar este valid de la o data "reedenta.
%in latina "entr# <a#m "entr# at#ni.<
NUNCU"ATI-E *ILL 9 An oral 6#nwritten8 will.
TE&TAMENT .NUNCU"ATI-E. 9 Testament oral 6nesris8.
OAT, 9 Bhen a witness "romises to tell the tr#th in a legal "roeeding. JURAMANT 9
'and #n martor "romite sa s"#na adevar#l intr9o "roed#ra A#ridia.
O$JECT 9 To "rotest to the o#rt against an at or omission by the o""osing "arty.
A O$IECTA 9 A "rotesta la trib#nal im"otriva #n#i at sa# omisi#ni fa#te de "artea o"#sa.
O$JECTION 9 A formal "rotest made by a "arty over testimony or evidene that the other side tries to
introd#e in o#rt.
O$IECTIUNE 9 &n "rotest formal fa#t de atre o "arte as#"ra mart#riei sa# evidentei "e are ealalta
"arte ineara sa o introd#a la trib#nal.
O$JECTION O-ERRULED 9 A r#ling by the o#rt #"holding the at or omission of the o""osing "arty.
O$IECTIUNE RE&"IN&A 9 * deiJie a trib#nal#l#i de a s#stine at#l sa# omisi#nea "artii o"#se.
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O$JECTION &U&TAINED 9 A r#ling by the o#rt in favor of the "arty ma=ing the obAetion.
O$IECTIUNE &U&TINUTA 9 O deiJie a trib#nal#l#i in favoarea "artii are fae obieti#nea.
O$&CENIT( 9 'ond#t tending to orr#"t the "#bli morals by its indeeny or lewdness.
O$&CENITATE 9 'ond#ita avand tendinta sa or#"a moral#l "#bli "rin indeenta sa# desfri#.
O% COUN&EL 9 A "hrase ommonly a""lied to o#nsel em"loyed to assist in the "re"aration or
management of the ase, or its "resentation on a""eal, b#t who is not the "rini"al attorney for the "arty.
69O998 9 * e;"resie de obiei a"liata avoat#l#i angaAat sa aA#te in "regatirea si administrarea "roes#l#i sa#
"reJentarea sa la a"el, dar are n# este avoat#l "rini"al al aelei "arti.
O%%ENDER 9 *ne who ommits a rime, s#h as a felony, misdemeanor, or other "#nishable #nlawf#l at.
DELINC-ENT 9 'ineva are omite o infrati#ne #m ar fi #n delit sa# o rima, sa# #n altfel de at
illegal demn de a fi "ede"sit.
O%%EN&E 9 An at that brea=s the law.
DELICT 9 &n at are ala legea.
O%%EN&I-E *ORD& 9 Lang#age that offendsC dis"leasing or annoying lang#age.
CU-INTE O%EN&ATOARE 9 LimbaA are ins#lta, limbaA ne"la#t sa# enervant.
O%%ER O% "ROO% 9 !resentation of evidene to the o#rt 6o#t of the hearing of the A#ry8 for the o#rt)s
deision of whether the evidene is admissible.
A O%ERIE-IDENTA 9 !reJentarea evidentei la trib#nal fara A#deata A#ri#l#i, "entr# deiJia trib#nal#l#i
as#"ra ae"tabilitatii evidentei.
ON A "ER&ON4& O*N RECOGNI0ANCE 9 Release of a "erson from #stody witho#t the "ayment of
any EA$L or "osting of E*>%, #"on the "romise to ret#rn to o#rt.
"E MARTURIE "RO"RIE 9 Eliberarea #nei "ersoane din #stodie, fara "lata a#ti#nii sa# baJata "e
"romisi#nea de a se intoare la trib#nal.
ONE'T,IRD T,E MIDTERM RULE 9 The r#le that limits a "erson) sentene when they have been
onvited of m#lti"le offenses.
69O998 9 %eiJia are limiteaJa sentinta #nei "ersoana and aeasta afost ondamnata de m#lti"le deliate.
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O"ENING ARGUMENT 9 The initial statement made by attorneys for eah side, o#tlining the fats eah
intends to establish d#ring the trial.
ARGUMENTU DE DE&C,IDERE 9 %elaratia initiala fa#ta de avoatii fiearei "arti s#bliniind fa"tele
"e are fieare intentioneaJa sa la stabileasa in tim"#l A#deatii.
O"ENING &TATEMENT 9 (ee *!E>$>G ARG&,E>T.
DECLARATIE DE DE&C,IDERE 9 DeJi Arg#ment#l de %eshidere.
O"INION 9 A A#dge)s written e;"lanation of a deision of the o#rt or of a maAority of A#dges. A dissenting
o"inion disagrees with the maAority o"inion bea#se of the reasoning and/or the "rini"les of law on whih
the deision is based. A on#rring o"inion agrees with the deision of the o#rt b#t offers f#rther
omment. A !ER '&R$A, *!$>$*> is an #nsigned o"inion <of the o#rt.<
O"INIE 9 E;"liatia srisa a #n#i A#deator a deiJiei trib#nal#l#i sa# a #neimaAoritati de A#deatori. *
"arere diferita, n# este de aord # "arerea maAoritatii datorita rati#nii si/sa# "rini"iilor legii "e are este
baJata deiJiaC o o"inie ores"#nJatoare este de aord # deiJia trib#nal#l#i dar mai ad#e omentarii. *
o"inie !er '#riam este o o"inie nesemnata si <a trib#nal#l#i.<
O"INION E-IDENCE 9 Bitnesses are normally req#ired to onfine their testimony to statements of fat
and are not allowed to give their o"inions in o#rt. However, if a witness is q#alified as an e;"ert in a
"arti#lar field, he or she may be allowed to state an o"inion as an e;"ert based on ertain fats.
E-IDENTA DE O"INIE 9 ,artorilor li se ere normal sa isi e;"rime mart#ria in delaratii de fa"te si n# li
se "ermite sa ofere alte o"inii la trib#nal. Tot#si, daa #n martor se alifia intr9#n an#mit domeni# "oate fi
lasat sa isi delare o"inia de e;"ert baJata "e an#mit fa"te.
O""O&ITION 9 638 at of o""osing or resisting. 6.8 onfronting another.
O"UNERE 9 3. At#l de a se o"#ne sa# a reJista. .. 'onfr#ntarea # ineva.
ORAL ARGUMENT 9 The "art of the trial when lawyers s#mmariJe their "osition in o#rt and also
answer the A#dge)s q#estions.
ARGUMENT ORAL 9 !artea "roes#l#i in are avoatii isi "reJinta "oJitia la trib#nal si ras"#nd
intrebarilorA#deator#l#i.
ORAL CO"ULATION 9 the at of o"#lating the mo#th of one "erson with the se;#al organ or an#s of
another "erson, however slight. !enetration of the mo#th, se;#al organ or an#s is not req#ired.
CO"ULARE ORALA 9 At#l de #nire a g#rii #nei "ersoane # organ#l se;#al sa# an#s#l #nei alte
"ersoane, oriat de #soara. !atr#nderea g#rii sa# organ#l#i se;#al sa# an#s#l#i n# s#nt nea"arat neesare.
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ORDER TO &,O* CAU&E 9 'o#rt order that ma=es someone go to o#rt to e;"lain to the A#dge why he
or she did not follow the r#les.
ORDIN DE A ARATA MOTI-UL 9 *rdin al trib#nal#l#i are fae "e vineva sa mearga la trib#nal sa
e;"lie A#deator#l#i de e n# a res"etat legea.
ORDER1 COURT 9 638 %eision of a A#diial offierC 6.8 a diretive of the o#rt. ORDIN
JUDECATORE&C 93. %eiJia #n#i ofiter A#diiar. .. * diretiva a trib#nal#l#i.
ORDINAR( NEGLIGENCE 9 The fail#re to #se that degree of are whih the ordinary or reasonably
"r#dent "erson wo#ld have #sed #nder the ir#mstanes and for whih the negligent "erson is liable.
NEGLIJENTA COMUNA 9 >efolosirea griAii "e are orie "ersoana "r#denta si reJonabila ar fi folosit9o
s#b aeleasi ir#mstante "entr# are este res"onsabila "ersoana negliAenta.
ORDINANCE 9 A reg#lation made by a loal government to enfore, ontrol, or limit ertain ativities.
ORDIN 9 * reg#la fa#ta de atre #n govern loal "entr# a im"#ne, ontrola sa# limita an#mite ati#ni.
ORIGINAL JURI&DICTION 9 The o#rt in whih a matter m#st first be filed.
JURI&DICTIAINITIALA 9 Trib#nal#l la are a fost "reJentat #n aJ de "rima data.
O-ERRULE 9 A A#dge)s deision not to allow an obAetion. A deision by a higher o#rt finding that a
lower o#rt deision was wrong.
RE&"INGERE 9 %eiJia #n#i A#deator de an# ae"ta o obieti#ne. %eiJia #n#i trib#nal s#"erior are
gaseste a deiJia #n#i trib#nal inferior a fost gresita.
O-ERRULED 9 (ee *DERR&LE.
RE&"IN& 9 DeJi *verr#le.
O-ERT ACT 9 An o"en at showing the intent to ommit a rime.
ACT E-IDENT 9 &n at deshis are arata intentia de aomite o rima sa# infrati#ne.
O*N RECOGNI0ANCE 9 Release of a "erson from #stody witho#t the "ayment of any bail or "osting
of bond.
"RO"RIE RECUNOA&TERE 9 Eliberarea #nei oersoane din #stodie fara "lata a#ti#nii.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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"ANDERING 9 !im"ing. Arranging for ats of "rostit#tion.
"RO/ENET 9 'odos are aranAeaJa "entr# ate de "rostit#ie.
"ARALEGAL 9 A "erson with legal s=ills, b#t who is not an attorney, and who wor=s #nder the
s#"ervision of a lawyer or who is otherwise a#thoriJed by law to #se those legal s=ills.
69O998 9 * "ersoana # a"tit#dini legale, dar are n# esta avoat, i l#reaJa s#b s#"ravegherea #n#i avoet
sa# are este de altfel a#toriJat "rin lege sa9si foloseasa a"tit#dinile legale sa# A#ridie.
"ARDON 9 Bhen the hief e;e#tive of a state or o#ntry releases a onvited "erson from the
"#nishment given him or her by a o#rt sentene.
IERTARE 9 'and sef#l e;e#tive al #n#i stat sa# tari elibereaJa o "ersoana ondamnata, de la "edea"sa
data aesteia "rintr9o sentinta a trib#nal#l#i.
"AREN& "ATRIAE 9 The "ower of the state to at in the "arents) "lae to "rotet a hild or his or her
"ro"erty.
69O998 9 Este "#terea stat#l#i de a ationa in lo#l "arintilor "entr# a "roteAa #n o"il sa# "ro"rietatea sa.
"AROLE 9 (#"ervised release of a "risoner that allows the "erson to serve the rest of the sentene o#t of
"rison if all onditions of release are met.
ELI$ERARE "E CU-ANT 9 Eliberare s#"rabegheata a #n#i detin#t are ingad#ie aest#ia sa serveasa
rest#l sentintei in afara inhisrorii daa toate ondiiile s#nt im"linite.
"AROLE E-IDENCE 9 *ral or verbal evidene rather than written. The !arole Evidene R#le limits the
admissibility of "arole evidene whih wo#ld diretly ontradit the lear meaning of terms of a written
ontrat.
E-IDENTA -ER$ALA 9 Evidenta orala sa verbala si n# in sris. Legea Evidentei Derbale limiteaJa
ae"tarea evidentei verbale are ar fi in ontraditie direta # termenii lari ai #n#i ontrat sris.
"ART( 9 *ne of the sides of a ase. The "erson who started the ase is alled the "laintiff or defendant. The
"erson being s#ed is alled the defendant or res"ondent.
"ARTE 9 &na dintre "artile #n#i "roes. !ersoana are a deshis "roes#l este n#mita relamant sa#
a#Jator, "ersoana data in A#deata este n#mita relamat sa# a#Jat.
"AT DO*N &EARC, 9 A limited searh of the o#ter lothing of a "erson in an attem"t to disover
wea"ons whih might be #sed to assa#lt the offier and may be ond#ted if the offier has a reasonable
belief that the detained "erson is armed and dangero#s.
69O998 9 * eretare limitata a imbraamintii #nei "ersoane # so"#l de a deso"eri arme are ar "#tea folosi
la asaltarea #n#i ofiter si eretarea "oate fi fa#ta daa ofiter#l are ban#iala reJonabila a "ersoana retin#ta
este inarmata si "eri#loasa.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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!ATE>T 9 A government grant giving an inventor the e;l#sive right to ma=e or sell his or her invention for
a term of years.
EREDETAT 9 %re"t#l e;l#siv garantat #n#i inventator de atre govern de a "rod#e si vinde "ro"ria
inventie "entr# #n an#mit termen.
!ATER>$TN 9 Bho the birth 6biologial8 "arents of a hild are.
!ATER>$TATE 9 !arintii biologii ai o"il#l#i.
!EA'E *FF$'ER 9 $nl#des sheriffs and their de"#ties, members of the "olie fore of ities, and other
offiers whose d#ty is to enfore and "reserve the "#bli "eae.
69O998 9 $nl#de "e serifii si de"#tatii lor, membrii ai fortei "olitiei, fortei oraselor si alti ofiteri a aror
datorie este sa im"#na si "astreJe linistea "#blia.
!E>ALTN 9 !#nishment for brea=ing a law.
!E%EA!(A 9 !ede"sirea "entr# alarea legii.
!E>ALTN A((E((,E>T 9 An amo#nt of money added to a fine.
TARA %E !E%EA!(A 9 * s#ma de bani ada#gata la o amenda.
!E>ALTN *F !ERF&RN 9 'ir#mstanes #nder whih a "erson ta=es an oath that he will testify,
delare, de"ose or ertify tr#thf#lly.
!E%EA!(A %E (!ERF&R 9 'ir#mstante in are o "ersoana de"#ne A#ramant a va mart#risi, delara si
onfirma # adevarat.
!E>%$>G 9 The stat#s of a ase that is not yet resolved by the o#rt. $>
'&R( %E 9 (tat#t#l #n#i "roes are n# este ina reJolvat de trib#nal.
!E>ETRAT$*>, &>LABF&L 9 &nlawf#l insertion of the male "art into the female "arts, however slight
an e;tent.
!A>TR&>%ERE $LEGALA 9 $ntrod#erea ilegala a "artii barbatesti in "artea femeiasa oriat de #soara
ar fi aeasta.
!E>$TE>T$ARN 9 A "rison or "lae of onfinement where onvited felons are sent to serve o#t the term
of their sentene.
!E>$TE>'$AR 9 * inhisoare sa# #n lo de detentie #nde delinventii ondamnati s#nt trimisi "entr# a
servi o "eroada din sentinta lor.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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"EO"LE 2"RO&ECUTION3 9 A state, for e;am"le, the !eo"le of the (tate of 'alifornia.
"O"ULATIE 9 &n stat, de e;em"l# "o"#latia stat#l#i 'alifornia.
"ER CURIUM O"INION 9 An #nsigned *!$>$*> of the o#rt.
69O998 9 *"inia <!er '#ri#m.<
"EREM"TOR( C,ALLENGE 9 The right to hallenge a A#ror witho#t assigning a reason for the
hallenge.
C,E&TIONARE IRE-OCA$ILA 9 %re"t#l de a hestiona #n A#rat fara a "reJenta #n motiv "entr#
hestionare.
"ERJUR( 9 A false statement made on "#r"ose while #nder oath in a o#rt "roeeding. &"ERJUR 9
* delaratie falsa fa#ta intentionat s#b A#ramant in tim"#l "roed#rilor A#deatoresti.
"ERMANENC( ,EARING 9 The hearing for hildren "laed in or awaiting "laement in foster are
who were #nder age three at the time of detention, and for all hildren, to monitor the welfare of the hild,
eval#ate the "arents) re#nifiation efforts and establish a "ermanent "lan for the hild.
69O998 9 !roes#l "entr# o"iii "lasati sa# in aste"tarea "lasament#l#i in griAa #n#i "lasament t#telary, o"ii
are avea# s#b trei ani in "erioada sentineti, si "entr# toti o"iii, "entr# a monitoriJa binefaerea o"il#l#i,
a eval#a efort#rile de im"aare ale "arintilor si a stabili #n "lan "ermanent "entr# o"il.
"ERMANENT INJUNCTION 9 A o#rt order req#iring that some ation be ta=en, or that some "arty
refrain from ta=ing ation. $t differs from forms of tem"orary relief, s#h as a TE,!*RARN
RE(TR$A>$>G *R%ER or !REL$,$>ARN $>F&>'T$*>.
ORDIN "EMANENT 9 &n ordin al trib#nal#l#i erind sa se ia mas#ri sa# o "arte sa se abtina de la a
ationa. Este diferit de formele de eliberare tem"orara, #m ar fi *rdi#l de Restritie Tem"orala sa#
*rdin#l !reliminar.
"ERMANENT "LANNED LI-ING ARRANGEMENT 2""LA3 9 *ne of the "ermanent "lans that
may be ordered for a hild who is not ret#rned to "arental #stody 6formerly long term foster are8.
69O998 9 &n#l dintre "lan#rile "ermanente are ar "#tea fi ordonate "entr# #n o"il are n# este ret#rnat
#stodiei "arintilor.
"ERMANENT RE&IDENT 9 *ne who lives in a loation for a "eriod of time and indiates that it is their
offiial address or residene.
RE0IDENT "ERMANENT 9 'ineva are lo#ieste la o an#mita adresa "entr# o "erioada de tim" si
india aeasta a fiind adresa sa sa# reJidenta sa.
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"ER&ONAL "RO"ERT( 9 Things that yo# own and an move, li=e f#rnit#re, eq#i"ment, or "aintings.
"RO"RIETATE "ER&ONALA 9 L#r#ri "e are le "oseJi si" e are le "oti m#ta, #m ar fi mobile,
a"arat#ra sa# "it#ri.
"ER&ONAL RECOGNI0ANCE 9 !re9trial release based on the "erson)s own "romise that he or she will
show #" for trial 6no bond req#ired8. Also referred to as release on own reogniJane or R*R. 6(ee *> A
!ER(*>)( *B> RE'*G>$KA>'E.8
RECUNOA&TERE "ER&ONALA 9 Eliberarea inainte de A#deata baJata "e "romisi#nea "ersoanei de ase
"reJenta la A#deata. %e asemenea #nos#ta si a elibeare "rin "ro"rie re#noastere.
"ER&ONAL RE"RE&ENTATI-E 9 A "erson "i=ed by the o#rt to ollet, manage and distrib#te a
"erson)s "ro"erty 6estate8 when they die. $f named in a will, that "erson)s title is an ERE'&T*R. $f there is
no valid will, that "erson)s title is an A%,$>$(TRAT*R
RE"RE0ENTANT "ER&ONAL 9 * "ersoana aleasa de trib#nal sa oleteJe, administreJe sis a distrib#ie
"ro"rietatea #nei "ersoane d#"a moarte. %aa este n#mita in testament, titl#l aelei "ersoane este de
e;e#tor. %aa n# e;ista #n testament valid, titl#l aelei "ersoane este de administrator.
"ETIT JUR( or 2TRIAL JUR(3 9 A gro#" of itiJens that listen to the evidene "resented by both sides at
trial and fig#re o#t the fats in dis"#te. 'riminal A#ries are made #" of 3. "eo"leC ivil A#ries are made #" of
at least 7 "eo"le.
JURIU DE JUDECATA 9 &n gr#" de etateni are as#lta la evidenta "reJentata de amando#a "artile
#n#i "roes si are determina are s#nt fa"tele dis#tate. F#riile infrationale s#nt formate din 3. "ersoane.
F#riile iviles#nt formate din el "#tin 7 "ersoane.
"ETITION 9 A o#rt "a"er that as=s the o#rt to ta=e ation. For e;am"le, in A#venile ases, the !etition
starts the o#rt ase. 6'om"are ,*T$*>.8
"ETITIE 9 &n do#ment legal are ere trib#nal#l#i sa ationeJe. %e e;em"l# in aJ#rile A#venile, !etitia
ine"e "roes#l in trib#nal. 6'oma"ara # ,oti#nile8.
"ETITIONER 9 A "erson who "resents a "etition to the o#rt.
"ETITIONAL 9 * "ersoana are "reJinta o "etitie la trib#nal.
"ETT( O%%EN&E 9 An offense for whih the a#thoriJed "enalty does not e;eed im"risonment for ?
months or a fine of L1//.
DELICT MINOR 9 &n delit "entr# are "edea"sa a#toriJata n# de"aseste inhisoare de trei l#ni sa#
amenda de L1//.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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"ETT( T,E%T 9 The at of ta=ing and arrying away the "ersonal "ro"erty of another of a val#e #s#ally
below L 3//.// with the intent to de"rive the owner of it "ermanently.
%URT MINOR 9 At#l de a l#a si a inde"arta "ro"rietatea "ersonala a alt#iva de o valoare mai miva de
L3// # intentia de a9l "riva "e "osesor in mod "ermanent.
"IM" 9 638 the at of getting #stomers for a whore or "rostit#teC 6.8 one who gets #stomers for a whore or
"rostit#te.
CODO& 9 !ro;enet. At#l de a gasi lienti "entr# o "rostit#ata sa# #rva. 'ineva are gaseste lienti "entr#
o #rva sa# o "rostit#ata.
"ITC,E&& MOTION 9 A req#est made by the defendant for disovery of a "eae offier)s "ersonnel file
with regards to any om"laints or ats of e;essive fore and violene.
MOTIUNEA ."ITC,E&. 9 'ererea fa#ta de #n relamat de deshidere a dosar#l#i "ersonal al #n#i ofiter
# "rivire la orie "langere sa# ate de forta si violenta e;esiva.
"LAINTI%% 9 The "erson or om"any that files a laws#it.
RECLAMANT 9 !ersoana sa# om"ania are deshide #n "roes legal.
"LEA 9 $n a riminal ase, the defendant)s statement "leading <g#ilty< or <not g#ilty< in answer to the
harges. 6(ee also >*L* '*>TE>%RE8.
"LEDOARIE 9 $n "roesele infrationale delaratia a#Jat#l#i "lediand vinovat sa# nevinovat a ras"#ns la
a#Jatii. DeJi de asementi <>o Lo 'ontendre.<
"LEA $ARGAIN 9 An agreement between the "rose#tor and the defendant. $t lets the defendant "lead
g#ilty to a less serio#s harge, if the o#rt a""roves.
NEGOCIEREA "LEDOARIEI 9 &n aranAament intre #n "ro#ror si relamat. $i "ermite relamat#l#i sa
"ledeJe vinovat la o a#Jatie mai "#tin serioasa daa trib#nal#l a"roba.
"LEAD 9 To admit or deny ommitting a rime.
A "LEDA 9 A admite sa# nega omiterea #nei infrati#ni.
"LEADING 9 Britten statements filed with the o#rt that desribes a "arty)s legal or fat#al laims abo#t
the ase and what the "arty wants from the o#rt.
"LEDOARIE 9 %elaratie srisa, "reJentata la trib#nal are desrie "retentiile legale si fa"tie ale #nei "arti
legate de #n "roes si e doreste "artea de la trib#nal.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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"OLLING T,E JUR( 9 A "ratie in whih A#rors are as=ed individ#ally whether they agree with the final
verdit in the ase they A#st deided.
-OTAREA JURIULUI 9 * "ratia "rin are A#ratii s#nt intrebati inmod individ#al daa s#nt de aord #
verdit#l final in aJ#l "e are tomai l9a# deis.
"OL(GRA", 9 Lie detetor test and the a""arat#s for ond#ting the test.
"OLIGRA% 9 &n test de detetare a mini#nii si a"arat#l folosit "entr# test.
"O&&E&&ION O% DRUG& 9 The "resene of dr#gs on the a#sed for rereational #se or for the "#r"ose
to sell.
"O&E&IE DE DROGURI 9 !reJenta drog#rilor as#"ra a#Jat#l#i "entr# #J rereational sa# in so"#l
vanJarii.
"O&T CON-ICTION 9 A "roed#re by whih a onvited defendant hallenges the onvition and/or
sentene on the basis of some alleged violation or error.
DU"A CONDAMNARE 9 !roed#ra "rin are #n relamat ondamnat hestioneaJa ondamnarea si/sa#
sentinta baJat "e o asa Jisa violare sa# eroare.
"O&T"ONEMENT 9 To "#t off or delay a o#rt hearing.
A,A>ARE 9 A amana sa# intarJia #n "roes legal.
"OUR'O-ER *ILL 9 A will that leaves some or all estate "ro"erty to a tr#st established before the will9
ma=er)s death.
69O998 9 &n testament are lasa o "arte sa# toata "ro"rietatea #nei t#tele stabilite inainte de moartea
testamentar#l#i.
"O*ER O% ATTORNE( 9 Formal a#thoriJation of a "erson to at in the interest of another "erson.
!&TERE %E AD*'AT 9 A#toriJarea formala a #nei "ersoane de a ationa in interes#l altei "ersoane.
"RA(ER' A req#est of the o#rt to grant the "roess, aid, or relief whih the om"lainant desiresC also, that
"ortion of a do#ment ontaining s#h req#est.
"ETITIE 9 * erere a trib#nal#l#i de garanta "roes#l#i aA#tor sa# inlesnire "e are o doreste "etitionar#l.
%e asemeni, "orti#nea do#ment#l#i are ontine aeasta erere.
"RECEDENT 9A o#rt deision in an earlier ase that the o#rt #ses to deide similar or new ases.
69O998 9 * deiJie a trib#nal#l#i intr9#n aJ "reedent "e are o foloseste trib#nal#l "entr# a deide #n aJ
no# sa# similar.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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"REINJUNCTION 9 'o#rt order req#iring ation or forbidding ation #ntil a deision an be made
whether to iss#e a "ermanent inA#ntion. $t differs from a TE,!*RARN RE(TRA$>$>G *R%ER.
REDI&"O0ITIE 9 &n ordin al trib#nal#l#i eriand ati#nea sa# interJierea ati#nii "ana and o deiJie
este l#ata "entr# eliberarea #n#i ordin "ermanent. (e deosebeste de ordin#l tem"orar restritive.
"REJUDICE 9 Bhen an at or deision affets a "erson)s rights in a negative way.
"REJUDICIU 9 'and #n at sa# o deiJie afeteaJa dre"t#rile #nei "ersoane in mod negativ.
"REJUDICIAL ERROR 9 (ynonymo#s with reversible error C an error whih a#thoriJes the a""ellate
o#rt to reverse the A#dgment before it.
EROARE "REJUDICIALA 9 (inonim # eroare reversibila. * eroare are "ermite #rtii a"elate sa
reverseJe A#deata dinainte.
"REJUDICIAL E-IDENCE 9 Evidene whih might #nfairly sway the A#dge or A#ry to one side or the
other.
E-IDENTA "REJUDICIALA 9 Evidenta are ar "#tea infl#enta #n A#deator sa# A#ri# de o "arte sa# de
alta.
"RELIMINAR( ,EARING 9 The hearing available to a "erson harged with a felony to determine if
there is eno#gh evidene 6"robable a#se8 to hold him for trial.
JUDECARE "RELIMINARA 9 F#deata dis"onibila "entr# o "ersoana a#Jata de #n delit "entr# a
determina daa e;ista s#fiienta evidenta a sa9l retina "entr# A#deata finala.
"RELIMINAR( INJUNCTION 9 $n ivil ases when it is neessary to "reserve the stat#s q#o "rior to
trial, the o#rt may iss#e this or a tem"orary restraining order ordering a "arty to arry o#t a s"eified
ativity.
ORDIN "RELIMINAR 9 $n aJ#rile ivile, and este nevoie de "astrarea stat#q#o9#l#i inainte de
A#deata, trib#nal#l "oate elibera aeasta sa# #n ordin restritiv im"#nand "artii sa inde"lineasa o an#mita
ativitate.
"REMEDITATION 9The "lanning of a rime before the rime ta=es "lae, rather than ommitting the
rime on the s"#r of the moment.
"REMEDITARE 9 !lan#irea #nei rime inainte a aeasta sa aiba lo, si n# omiterea rimei instantane#.
"REMI&E& 9 That whih is "#t beforeC that whih "reedesC the foregoing statements.
69O998 9 'eva are se afla inainte, eva are "reede, delaratii "reedente.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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"RE"ERMANENC( ,EARING 9 The hearing ond#ted aording to Belfare and $nstit#tions 'ode
(etion ?77..36e8 for foster are "laement hildren who were over age three at the time of detention, to
monitor the welfare of the hild and eval#ate the "arents) re#nifiation efforts.
69O998 9 A#dierea ond#sa in de aord # setia ?77..3 6e8 a od#l#i de instit#tii si b#na stare "entr#"lasarea
o"iilor in griAa t#telara, are s#nt in varsta de "este ? ani in moment#l detentiei, "entr# a monitoriJa
b#nastarea o"il#l#i si a eval#a efort#rile de #nifiare a "arintilor.
"RE"ONDERANCE O% T,E E-IDENCE 9 To win a ivil ase, the "laintiff has to "rove that most of
the evidene is on his or her side.
"RE"ONDERENTA E-IDENTEI 9 !entr# a astiga #n aJ ivil, relamant#l treb#ie sa dovedeasa fa"t#l
a ea mai m#lta evidenta este de "artea sa.
"RE&ENTENCE RE"ORT 9 A re"ort "re"ared by the "robation de"artment for the A#dge when
sentening a defendant. %esribes defendant)s ba=gro#nd5 finanial, Aob, and family stat#sC omm#nity tiesC
riminal historyC and fats of the #rrent offense.
69O998 9 &n ra"ort "e are il "regateste #n de"artment de "robare and A#deator#l da sentinta "entr# #n
relamat. %esrie tre#t#l relamat#l#i5 finaniar, m#nitores, stat#t#l familial, legat#rile in om#nitate,
tre#t#l riminal si fa"tele delit#l#i #rent.
"RE&ENTMENT 9 %elaration or do#ment iss#ed by a grand A#ry that either ma=es a ne#tral re"ort or
notes misdeeds by offiials harged with s"eified "#bli d#ties. $t ordinarily does not inl#de a formal
harge of rime. A "resentment differs from an $>%$'T,E>T.
DECLARATIE 9 %elaratie s#a do#ment eliberat de marele A#ri# are ori "rod#e #n ra"ort ne#tr#, ori ia
nota de fa"tele negative fa#te de "ersoanele ofiiale desemnata # an#mite datorii "#blie. %e obiei n#
inl#de o a#Jatie formala de rima. * delaratie se deosebeste de o inriminare.
"RE&UMED %AT,ER 9 A man who is married to the mother of the hild, who has signed a delaration of
"aternity, or has reeived the hild into his home and held the hild o#t to the omm#nity as his hild,
whether that man is the biologial father of the hild, or not.
TATA "RE&U"U& 9 &n barbat are este asatorit # mama #n#i o"il are a semnat o delaratie de
"aternitate, sa# l9a "rimit "e o"il in asa sa si l9a "reJentat om#nitatii a si o"il al sa#, fie a ael barbat
este tatal biologi al o"il#l#i sa# n#.
"RE&UM"TION 9 An inferene of the tr#th or falsity of a "ro"osition or fat, that stands #ntil reb#tted by
evidene to the ontrary.
&U"O0ITIE 9 * ded#ere a adevar#l#i sa# o falsitate a #nei "ro"oJitii sa# fa"t, are sta in "iioare "ana
and este re"ins de evidenta.
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"RE&UM"TION O% INNOCENCE 9 A hallowed "rini"le of riminal law that a "erson is innoent of a
rime #ntil "roven g#ilty. The government has the b#rden of "roving every element of a rime beyond a
reasonable do#bt and the defendant has no b#rden to "rove his innoene.
"RE&U"UNEREA NE-INO-ATIEI 9 &n "rini"i# onorat al legii riminale "rin are o "ersoana este
nevinovata de o rima, "ana and este dovedita vinovata. G#vern#l treb#ie sa dovedeasa fieare element al
rimei, iar relamat#l n# are datoria sa isi dovedeasa nevinovatia.
"RE&UM"TION O% LA* 9 a r#le of law that o#rts and A#dges shall draw a "arti#lar inferene from a
"arti#lar fat, or from "arti#lar evidene.
"RE&U"UNEREA LEGII 9 &n reg#lament de lege "rin are trib#nalele si A#deatorii vor trage o an#mita
onl#Jie dintr9#n an#mit fa"t sa# de la o an#mita evidenta.
"RETERMITTED C,ILD 9 A hild born after a will was written, who is not "rovided for by the will.
,ost states have laws that "rovide for a share of estate "ro"erty to go to s#h hildren.
CO"IL OMI& 9 &n o"il nas#t d#" ae #n testament a fost sris, ar#ia testament#l n#9$ lasa nimi. 'ele
mai #lte state a# legi are asig#ra o "arte a "ro"rietatii imobiliare "entr# astfel de o"ii.
"RETRIAL CON%ERENCE 9 Any time both sides of the ase go to o#rt before trial. $n riminal ases,
it)s #s#ally when the defendant and "rose#tor tal= abo#t settling the ase.
CON%ERINTAINAINTE DE "ROCE& 9 *riaind ele do#a "arti im"liate intr9#n "roes merg la
trib#nal ianite de A#deataC in aJ#rile infrationale, este de obiei and relamat#l si a#Jator#l dis#ta
des"re sol#tionarea aJ#l#i.
"RIMA %ACIE CA&E 9 A ase that is s#ffiient and has the minim#m amo#nt of evidene neessary to
allow it to ontin#e in the A#diial "roess. From the Latin for <from first view.<
69O998 9 &n "roes are este s#fiient si are minim#m de evidenta neesara de a "ermite ontin#area
"roes#l#i A#diiar. %in latina, <de la "rima vedere.<
"RINCI"AL 9 The so#re of a#thority or right.
,A>%A>T 9 (#rsa de a#toritate sa# dre"t.
"RINCI"AL& 9 !ersons who are involved in ommitting or attem"ting to ommit a rime. $nl#des those
who diretly and atively ommit or attem"t to ommit the rime, or those who assist 6aid and abet8 in the
ommission or attem"ted ommission of the rime.
"RINCI"ALI 9 !ersoane are s#nt im"liat in omiterea sa# inerarea de a omite o rima. $nl#de "e
aeia are omit diret sa# ineara sa omita o rima, sa# "e ei are neara sa aA#te la omiterea #nei
rime.
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"RINCI"LE TERM 9 Greatest term of im"risonment im"osed by the o#rt on any one o#nt, im"osed of
base term "l#s any enhanements, to whih s#bordinate terms are added.
69O998 9 'el mai mare termen de inhisoare im"#s de #n trib#nal in ont#l #iva, a termen de baJa
im"re#na # orie alte ada#giri, la are se ada#ga termine se#ndare.
"RIOR& 9 Term meaning "revio#s onvition6s8 of the a#sed. 69
O998 9 Termen are inseamna ondamnari "reedente ale a#Jat#l#i.
"RIOR CON-ICTION 9 As #sed in (#"erior 'o#rt "leadings, an allegation that defendant has "revio#sly
been im"risoned.
CONDAMNARE "RECEDENTA 9 '#m este folosit in sesi#nile din #rtea s#"erioara, o delaratie a
a#Jat#l a mai fost intemnitat inainte.
"RIOR INCON&I&TENT &TATEMENT 9 $n evidene, these are "rior statements made by the witness
whih ontradit statements the witness made on the witness stand.
DECLARATIE ANTERIOARAINCON&EC-ENTA 9 $n evidenta, aestea s#nt delaratii anterioare
fa#te de martori are ontraJi delaratiile "e are martorii le fa in bo;a martorilor.
"RI&ON 9 A federal or state "#bli b#ilding or other "lae for the onfinement of "ersons. $t is #sed as
either a "#nishment im"osed by the law or otherwise in the o#rse of the administration of A#stie. Also
=nown as "enitentiary, "enal instit#tion, ad#lt orretional instit#tion, or Aail.
INC,I&OARE 9 * ladire "#blia federala sa# de stat sa# #n alt lo de detinere a "ersoanelor. Este
folosita fie a "edea"sa im"#sa "rin lege sa# de altfel, in #rs#l A#deatii. %e asemeni #nos#ta a
"eniteniar, instit#tie "enala, instit#tie oretionala "entr# ad#lti sa# temnita.
"RI-AC(1 RIG,T O% 9 The right to be left aloneC the right of a "erson to be free from #nwarranted
"#bliity.
DRE"TUL LA &OLITUDINE 9 %re"t#l de a fi lasat in "ae, sa# sing#r. %re"t#l #nei "ersoane de a fi ferita
de "#bliitate.
"RI-ILEGE 9 An advantage not enAoyed by allC a s"eial e;em"tion from "rose#tion or other laws#its.
6(ee also $,,&>$TN.8
"RI-ILEGIU 9 &n avantaA de are n# se b##ra oriine. * e;e"tie s"eiala de la a#Jare sa# "roese
legale. 6DeJi $m#nitate8.
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"RI-ILEGED COMMUNICATION& 9 'onfidential omm#niations to ertain "ersons that are
"roteted by law against any dislos#re, inl#ding fored dislos#re in legal "roeedings. 'omm#niations
between lawyer and lient, "hysiian and "atient, "syhothera"ist and "atient, "riest, minister, or rabbi and
"enitent are ty"ially "rivileged.
COMUNICARI"RI-ILEGIATE 9 'om#niari onfidentiale # an#mite "ersoane are s#nt "roteAate de
lege im"otriva oriarei deJval#iri inl#Jind deJval#irea fortata in "roed#rile legale. 'om#niari intre
avoati si lient, dotor si "aient, "sihotera"ist si "aient, "reot, "astor sa# rabin si "aatos s#nt de obiei
"rivilegoiate.
"RI-IT( 9 ,#t#al or s#essive relationshi"s to the same right of "ro"erty, or the same interest of one
"erson with another whih re"resents the same legal right.
LEGATURA 9 Relatii s#essive sa# m#t#ale # aelasi dre"t de "ro"rietate sa# aelasi interes al #nei
"ersoane # alta, are re"reJinta aelasi dre"t legal.
"RO$A$LE 'A&(E 9 A good reason to believe that a rime has or is being ommittedC the basis for all
lawf#l searhes, seiJ#res, and arrests.
CAU0A "RO$A$ILA 9 &n motiv intemeiat de a rede a o infrati#ne a fost sa# este omisa. Temei#l
"entr# orie eretare legala, onfisari sa# arestari.
"RO$ATE 9 The A#diial "roess to determine if a will of a dead "erson is gen#ine or notC lawf#l
distrib#tion of a deedent)s estate.
-ALID ARE 9 !roes#l A#diiar "entr# a determina daa testament#l #nei "ersoane moarte este verosimil
sa# n#. %istrib#irea legala a "ro"rietatii #n#i deedat.
"RO$ATE COURT 9 The o#rt with a#thority to deal with the estates of "eo"le who have died.
CURTEA DE TE&TAMENTE &I &UCCE&IUNI 9 Trib#nal#l are are a#toritatea de a o"era "ro"rietatile
"ersoanelor are a# m#rit.
"RO$ATE E&TATE 9 All the assets in an estate that are s#bAet to "robate. This does not inl#de all
"ro"erty. For e;am"le, "ro"erty in Aoint tenany are not "art of the "robate estate.
"RO"RIETATE TE&TAMENTAREA 9 Toate "osesi#nile dintr9o "ro"rietate are s#nt s#"#se
testament#l#i. Aeasta n# inl#de toata "ro"rietatea. %e e;em"l#, "o"rietatile detin#t in om#n n# s#nt "arte
a "ro"rietatii testamentare.
"RO$ATION 9 A sentening alternative to im"risonment in whih the o#rt releases a onvited
defendant #nder s#"ervision of a "robation offier that ma=es ertain that the defendant follows ertain
r#les, for e;am"le, gets a Aob, gets dr#g o#nseling.
"RO$ARE 9 * sentinta in lo de inhisoare, in are trib#nal#l il elibereaJa "e relamat#l ondamnat s#b
s#"ravegherea #n#i ofiter de "robare are se asig#ra a relamat#l res"eta an#mite reg#li, a de e;em"l# ,
isi ia #n servii# sa# o sl#ba, fae tera"ie de deJinto;iare.
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"RO$ATION $E%ORE JUDGMENT 2"$J3 9 A onditional avoidane of im"osing a sentene after
onvition.
"RO$ARE INAINTE DE JUDECATA 9 * evitare onditionala a im"#nerii #nei onditii d#"a
ondamnare.
"RO$ATION DE"ARTMENT 9 The de"artment that oversees the ations of those who are on "robation
as well as the loation of where "robation offiers wor=.
DE"ARTAMENTU DE "RO$ARE 9 %e"artament#l are s#"ravegheaJa ati#nile elor are s#nt s#b
"robare, la fel a si adresa #nde l#reaJa ofiterii de "robare.
"RO$ATION O%%ICER 9 *ne who s#"ervises a "erson "laed on "robation and is req#ired to re"ort the
"rogress and to s#rrender them if they violate the terms and onditions of the "robation.
O%ITER DE "RO$ARE 9 'ineva are s#"ravegheaJa o "ersoana "lasata s#b "robare si areia $ se ere sa
ra"orteJe "rogres#l si sa se "redea daa violeaJa termenii si onditiile "robarii.
"RO $ONO 9 Legal wor= done for free. From the Latin meaning <for the "#bli good.<
69O998 9 ,#na A#ridia fa#ta gratis. Dine din latina <"entr# binele "#bli.<
"ROCEDURAL LA* 9 The method, established normally by r#les to be followed in a aseC the formal
ste"s in a A#diial "roeeding.
LEGE DE "ROCEDURA 9 ,etoda stabilita in mod normal "rin reg#li are treb#ie sa fie folosita intr9#n
"roes. !asii ofiiali neesari intr9o "roed#ra A#ridia.
"RODUCT& LIA$ILIT( 9 Refers to the legal liability of man#fat#rers and sellers to om"ensate b#yers,
#sers and even bystanders for damages or inA#ries s#ffered bea#se of defets in goods "#rhased.
RE&"ON&A$ILITATEA DE "RODUCTIE 9 (e refera la res"onsabilitatea legala a fabriantilor si
vanJatorilor de a9$ om"ensa "e #m"aratori si "e ei are foloses b#n#rile, hiar si "e s"etatori "entr#
"ag#bele si vatamarile s#ferite din a#Ja defetelor b#n#rilor #m"arate.
"RO%%ER 9 An offer of "roof as to what the evidene wo#ld be if a witness were alled to testify or
answer a q#estion.
A O%ERI 9 *ferirea doveJii as#"ra evidentei are ar e;ista daa #n martor ar fi hemat sa ras"#nda la
intrebari.
"RO ,AC -ICE 9 for this one "arti#lar oasion. For e;am"le, an o#t9of9state lawyer may be admitted
to "ratie in a loal A#risdition for a "arti#lar ase only. From the Latin meaning <for this t#rn.<
69O998 9 '# oaJia aeasta. %e e;em"l#, #n avoat din afara stat#l#i "oate fi admis sa "ratie intr9o
A#rsditie loala doar "entr# #n an#mit aJ. $n latina insseamna <de data aeasta.<
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"RO,I$ITION 9 At or law that forbids something.
"RO,I$ITIE 9 &n at de lege are interJie eva.
"ROMI&&OR( NOTE 9 A written do#ment that says a "erson "romises to "ay money to another.
O NOTA DE "ROMI&IUNE 9 &n do#ment sris are s"#ne a o "ersoana "romite sa "lateasa bani la
ineva.
"ROO% 9 Any fat or evidene that leads to a A#dgment of the o#rt.
DO-ADA 9 *rie fa"t sa# evidenta are d#e la o A#deata in trib#nal.
"ROO% O% &ER-ICE 9 A form filed with the o#rt that "roves that o#rt "a"ers were "ro"erly delivered
to someone.
DO-ADA DE &ER-IRE 9 &n at inregistrat de trib#nal are dovedeste a hartiile de la trib#nal a# fost
servite in mod orret #iva.
"RO "ER 9 !erson who "resents their own ases in o#rt witho#t lawyers 6(ee also $> !R*!$A
!ER(*>A and !R*(E.8
69O998 9 !ersoana are isi "reJinta aJ#l "ersonal la avoet, fara avoat. 6DeJi de asemenea $n !ro"ria
!ersoana si !ro (e8.
"RO"ERT( 9 (omething tangible or intangible that someone holds legal title.
"RO"RIETATE 9 'eva tangibil sa# intangibil are are #n titl# legal.
"RO &E 9 !erson who "resents their own ases in o#rt witho#t lawyers 6(ee also !R* !ER and !R*
(E.8
69O998 9 !ersoana are isi "reJinta sing#ra aJ#l la trib#nal, fara avoet. 6DeJi de asemenea !ro !er si !ro
(e8.
"RO&ECUTING ATTORNE( 9 A "#bli offie who "rose#tes riminal ases for the state. (ee
!R*(E'&T*R and %$(TR$'T ATT*R>EN.
A-OCAT AL ACU0ARII 9 &n ofii# "#bli are a#Ja aJ#rile riminale "entr# stat. DeJi !ro#ror si
Avoat %e %istrit.
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"RO&ECUTION 9 The "arty that starts a riminal ase and files riminal harges. The "rose#tion is the
lawyer for the state. A ommon name for the state)s side of the ase.
A'&KARE 9 !artea are deshide #n "roes riminal si add#e a#Jatii riminae. !ro#ror#l este avoat#l
stat#l#i. &n n#me obisn#it "entr# "artea stat#l#i intr9#n "roes.
"RO&ECUTOR 9 A trial lawyer re"resenting the government in a riminal ase and the interests of the
state in ivil matters. $n riminal ases, the "rose#tor has the res"onsibility of deiding who and when to
file harges.
"ROCUROR 9 &n avoat legal are re"reJinta g#vern#l intr9#n "roes riminal si interesele stat#l#i in
ati#ni ivile.
"RO&TITUTION 9 The "erformane or agreement to "erform a se;#al at for hire.
"RO&TITUTIE 9 $nfa"t#irea sa# ae"tarea de a infa"t#i #n at se;#al "entr# "lata.
"ROTECTI-E ORDER 9 A o#rt order to "rotet a "erson from f#rther harassment, servie of "roess, or
disovery.
ORDIN DE "ROTECTIE 9 &n ordin al trib#nal#l#i "entr# a "roteAa o "ersoana de la hart#ire ontin#a sa#
eretare.
"RO TEM 9 A tem"orary assigned offiial with a#thority to hear and deide ases in a o#rt.
69O998 9 * "ersoana ofiiala desemnata tem"orar # a#toritatea de a A#dea si a deide "roesele la trib#nal.
"RO/IMATE 'A&(E 9 The at that a#sed an event to o#r.
CAU0A A"RO/IMATI-A 9 At#l are a a#Jat intam"larea #n#i eveniment.
"U$LIC DE%ENDER 9 A lawyer "i=ed by the o#rt to re"resent a defendant who annot afford a
lawyer.
A"ARATOR "U$LIC 9 &n avoet ales de trib#nal sa re"reJinte #n relamat are n#9si "oate "ermite #n
avoat.
"UNITI-E DAMAGE& 9 ,oney awarded to an inA#red "erson, over and above the meas#rable val#e of
the inA#ry, in order to "#nish the "erson who h#rt him.
DAUNE "UNITI-E 9 Eani aordati #nei "ersoane vatamate "este si deas#"ra valorii vatamarii # so"#l
de a "ede"si "ersoana are l9a vatamat.
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"URGE 9 To lean or lear, s#h as eliminating inative reords from o#rt filesC with res"et to ivil
ontem"t, to lear the nonom"liane that a#sed the ontem"t finding.
AI&"A&I 9 A #rati sa# a larifia "rin eliminare dosare inative din arhivele trib#nal#liC in e "riveste
nes#"#nerea ivila a sterge ins#bordonarea are a determinat a#Jatia de nes#"#nere.
+UANTUM MERUIT 9 Latin meaning <as m#h as he deserves,< and desribes the e;tent of liability on a
ontrat im"lied by law.
69O998 9 $n latina inseamna <atat at merita< si desrie e;tinderea res"onsabilitatii #n#i ontrat "revaJ#t de
lege.
+UA&, 9 To overthrow, to vaate, to ann#l or ma=e void. A
ANULA 9 A rast#rna, a goli sa# a an#la.
+UA&I JUDICIAL 9 A#thority or disretion vested in an offier whose ations are of a A#diial harater.
A&A 0I& JUDICIAR 9 A#toritate sa# disretia investita intr9#n ofiter ale ar#i ati#ni s#nt de #n harater
A#diiar.
+UID "RO +UO 9 (omething for somethingC giving one val#able thing for another. 69
O998 9 'eva "entr# eva. A da #n l#r# de valoare "entr# alt#l.
+UO *ARRANTO 9 A writ iss#able by the state, thro#gh whih it demands an individ#al show by what
right he or she e;erises a#thority whih an only be e;erised thro#gh a grant from the state or why he or
she sho#ld not be removed from a state offie.
69O998 9 &n ordin dat de atre stat "rin are se ere a #n individ sa arate # e dre"t sa e;erite a#toritatea
are "oate fi e;eritata doar # "ermisi#nea stat#l#i si de e aeasta "ersoana n# ar treb#i sa fie inde"artata
din ofii#l stat#l#i.
RA" &,EET 9 A written s#mmary of a "erson)s riminal history. 69
O998 9 &n reJ#mat sris al istori#l#i riminal al #nei "ersoane.
RA"E 9 &nlawf#l intero#rse with an individ#al witho#t their onsent.
-IOL 9 At se;#al illegal # #n individ fara onsimtamant#l aest#ia.
RA"E1 &TATUTOR( 9 (ee (TAT&T*RN RA!E. 69
O998 9 DeJi (tat#tory Ra"e.
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RATI%ICATION 9 The onfirmation or ado"tion of a "revio#s at done either by the "arty
himself or by another.
RATI%ICARE 9 'onfirmarea sa# ado"tarea #n#i at "reedent sa# anterior fa#t de atre "artea in sine sa#
de atre altineva.
RATIO DECIDENDI 9 The gro#nd or reason of the deision in a ase. 69
O998 9 Temei#l sa# motiv#l #nei deiJii intr9#n "roes.
RE 9 $n the matter ofC in the ase of.
RE%ERITOR 9 $n aJ#l sa# in hesti#nea de.
REAL E-IDENCE 9 Evidene given to e;"lain, re"el, o#nterat, or dis"rove fats given in evidene by
the adverse "arty.
E-IDENTA REALA 9 Evidenta data "entr# e;"liarea, res"ingerea, ontraararea, sa# tagad#irea
fa"telor date a evidenta de atre "artea adversa.
REAL "RO"ERT( 9 Land and b#ildings.
"RO"RIETATEAIMO$ILIARA 9 Teren si ladiri.
REA&ONA$LE DOU$T1 $E(OND A 9 The degree of ertainty req#ired for a A#ror to legally find a
riminal defendant g#ilty. An a#sed "erson is entitled to aq#ittal if, in the minds of the A#ry, his or her
g#ilt has not been "roved beyond a <reasonable do#bt<C that state of mind of A#rors in whih they annot say
they feel a "ersisting onvition as to the tr#th of the harge.
DINCOLO DE ORICE INDOIALA 9 Grad#l de ertit#dine er#t de la #n A#rat "entr# a gasi in mod legal
#n relamat dre"t vinovat. * "ersoana a#Jata este indre"tatita la ahitare daa in o"inia A#ri#l#i vina san #
a fost dovedita dinolo de orie indoialaC "oJitia A#ri#l#i in are n# "oate sa s"#na a este o onvingere
"ersistenta # "rivire la adevar#la#Jatiei.
REA&ONA$LE "ER&ON 9 A "hrase #sed to define a hy"othetial "erson who e;erises q#alities of
attention, =nowledge, intelligene, and A#dgment that soiety req#ires of its members for the "rotetion of
his or her own interest and the interests of others. Th#s, the test of negligene is based on either a fail#re to
do something that a reasonable "erson, g#ided by onsiderations that ordinarily reg#late ond#t, wo#ld do,
or on the doing of something that a reasonable and "r#dent 6wise8 "erson wo#ld not do.
"ER&OANA RATIONALA 9 E;"resie folosita "entr# a defini o "ersoana i"otetia are e;erita alitati de
atentie, #noastere, inteligenta si A#deata "e are soietatea le ere membrilor sai "entr# "roteAarea
interes#l#i "ro"ri# si al intereselor altora. Astfel, test#l de negliAenta este baJat ori "e omiterea #n#i l#r#
"e are o "ersoana rationala ghidata de o ond#ita onsiderenta le9ar fae sa# "e infa"t#irea a eva "e are
o "ersoana rationala si "r#denta n# le9ar fae.
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RE$UTTAL 9 Evidene "resented at trial by one "arty in order to overome evidene introd#ed by another
"arty.
COM$ATERE 9 Evidenta "reJentata la A#deata de atre o "arte "entr# a res"inge evidenta introdsa de
atre o alta "arte.
RECALL 9 'anellation by a o#rt of a warrant before its e;e#tion by the arrest of a defendantC also, a
"roess by whih a retired A#dge may be as=ed to sit on a "arti#lar ase.
A A$ROGA 9 An#larea de atre #n trib#nal a #n#i mandat inaite de e;e#tie "rin arest#l relamat#l#i. %e
asemenea #n "roes "rin are #n A#deator "ensionat "oate fi hemat sa asiste intr9#n an#me "roes.
RECEI-ING &TOLEN "RO"ERT( 9 *ffense of reeiving any "ro"erty with the =nowledge that it has
been felonio#sly, or #nlawf#lly stolen, ta=en, e;torted, obtained, embeJJled, or dis"osed of.
ACCE"TAREA DE $UNURI%URATE 9 %elit#l de a "rimi orie "ro"rietate # b#na stiinta a a fost
f#rata intr9#n mod delit#os si illegal, l#ata, e;torata, obtin#ta, dela"idata, sa# inlat#rata.
RECIDI-I&M 9 The ontin#ed, habit#al, or om"#lsive brea=ing the law after having been onvited of
"rior offenses.
69O998 9 'alarea ontin#a, habit#ala si im"#lsiva a legii d#"a e "ersoana a fost ondamnata "entr# delite
anterioare.
REC)LE&& DRI-ING 9 *"eration of a motor vehile that shows a re=less disregard of "ossible
onseq#enes and indifferene of other)s rights.
CONDU& "ERICULO& 9 *"erarea #n#i a#tovehi#l are arata ne"asarea de "osibilele onseinte si
indiferenta fata de dre"t#rile alt#ia.
RECLA&&I%( 9 To hange the A#risdition of the ase from Limited 6#" to L.1,///8 to &nlimited 6more
than L.1,///8 and vie versa.
RECLA&I%ICARE 9 A shimba A#risditia #n#i "roes de la Limitat "ana la .1, /// de dolari, la
>elimitat mai m#lt de .1,/// de dolari si vie versa.
RECOGNI0ANCE 9 The "ratie whih enables an a#sed awaiting trial to be released witho#t "osting
any se#rity other than a "romise to a""ear before the o#rt at the "ro"er time. Fail#re to a""ear in o#rt at
the "ro"er time is a se"arate rime.
RECUNOA&TERE 9 !ratia "rin are #n a#Jat are astea"ta A#deata este eliberat fara nii o a#ti#ne,
i doar treb#ie sa "romita a a"are la trib#nal la tim"#l "otrivitC omiterea de a a"area la trib#nal la tim"#l
"otrivit onstit#ie o infrati#ne se"arate.
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RECORD 9 The offiial "a"ers that ma=e #" a o#rt ase.
DOA&R 9 %o#mentele ofiiale are om"#n #n "roes legal.
RECU&E 9 Bhen yo# remove yo#rself or are removed from a riminal or ivil "roeeding bea#se yo#
have a onflit of interest. For e;am"le, a A#dge an re#se himself bea#se someone in the ase is a friend
or b#siness "artner.
A RECU0A 9 'and esti inlat#rat dintr9o "roed#ra ivila sa# riminala, din a#Ja #n#i onflit de interese.
%e obiei #n A#deator se "oate retrage "entr# a ineva dintr9#n "roess este "rieten sa# "artener de
afaeri.
REDACT 9 To ada"t or edit for "#bli reord.
A REDACTA 9 A ada"ta sa# edita "entr# informatia "#blia.
RE'DIRECT E/AMINATION 9 *""ort#nity to "resent reb#ttal evidene after one)s evidene has been
s#bAeted to ross9e;amination.
E/AMINARE REDIRECTIONATA 9 !osibilitatea de a "reJenta dovada ombativa d#" ae evidenta
#iva a fost s#"#sa la e;aminarea olaterala.
REDRE&& 9 To set rightC to remedyC to om"ensateC to remove the a#ses of a grievane.
REDRE&A 9 A indre"taC a remedia, a om"ensa, a inde"arta a#Jele #nei "lingeri.
RE%EREE 9 A "erson a""ointed by the o#rt to hear and ma=e deisions on limited legal matters, li=e
A#venile or traffi offenses.
69O998 9 * "ersoana n#mita de atre trib#nal sa A#dee si sa ia deiJii in hesti#ni legale limitate, #m ar fi
delite A#venile sa# de trafi.
REGULATION 9 A r#le or order "resribed for management or government.
REGLEMENTARE 9 * reg#la sa# ordin stability "entr# administrare sa# g#vernare.
RE,EARING 9 Another hearing of a ivil or riminal ase by the same o#rt in whih the ase was
originally heard.
REJUDECARE 9 * alta A#deare a #n# aJ ivil sa# infrational fa#ta de aelasi trib#nal n are aJ#l a
fost A#deat in "rini"i#.
REIN&TATED 9 To bring ba= to a "revio#s ondition. Bhen bail that had been forfeited, e;onerated, or
red#ed is reestablished in its original amo#nt.
REIN&TALAT 9 A se intoare la sit#atia "reedenta. 'and a#ti#nea are a fost "ierd#ta, s#tita, sa# red#sa
este reeval#ata la s#ma de la ine"#t.
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REJOINDER 9 *""ort#nity for the side that o"ened the ase to offer limited res"onse to evidene
"resented d#ring the REE&TTAL by the o""osing side.
RA&"UN& LA INCUL"ATUL 9 !osibilitatea "artii are a deshis aJ#l de a oferi #n ras"#ns limitat dre"t
evidenta "reJentata in tim"#l ombaterii "artii o"#se.
RELE-ANT 9 Evidene that hel"s to "rove a "oint or iss#e in a ase.
69O998 9 Evidenta are aA#ta la dovedirea #n#i "#nt de vedere sa# #nei hesti#ni intr9#n aJ.
RELIN+UI&,MENT 9 A forsa=ing, abandoning, reno#ning, or giving over a right.
"ARA&IRE 9 !arasirea, abandonarea, ren#ntarea s## edarea #n#i dre"t.
REMAND 9 638 Bhen an a""ellate o#rt sends a ase to a lower o#rt for f#rther "roeedingsC 6.8 to ret#rn
a "risoner to #stody.
REMITE 9 638 'and o '#rte A"elata trimite #n "roes la #n trib#nal inferior "entr# ontin#area
"roed#rilorC 6.8 a trimite #n detin#t ina"oi la inhisoare.
REMED( 9 The means by whih a right is enfored or the violation of a right is "revented, redressed or
om"ensated.
REMEDIU 9 ,od#l "rin are este a"liat #n dre"t sa# mod#l in are violarea, redresarea sa# om"ensarea
#n#i dre"t este "revenit.
REMITTITUR 9 The transfer of reords of a ase from a o#rt of a""eal to the original trial o#rt for
f#rther ation or other dis"osition as ordered by the a""ellate o#rt.
69O998 9 Transfer#l #n#i dosar de la o #rte de a"el la trib#nal#l initial "entr# ontin#area ati#nii, sa# altei
dis"oJitii, asa #m este ordonat de atre #rtea de a"el.
REMO-AL 9 The transfer of a state ase to federal o#rt for trialC in ivil ases, bea#se the "arties are
from different statesC in riminal and some ivil ases, bea#se there is a signifiant "ossibility that there
o#ld not be a fair trial in state o#rt.
MUTARE 9 Transferarea #n#i "roess de stat la #n trib#nal federal, "entr# A#deareC in "roesele ivile,
"entr# a "artile vin din state diferiyeC in #nele "roeseinfrationale si iile, "entr# a e;ista o "osibilitate
semnifiativa a A#dear a sa n# fie drea"ta in tr9#n trib#nal de stat.
RE"LE-IN 9 An ation for the reovery of a "ossession that has been wrongf#lly ta=en. 69
O998 9 Ati#nea "entr# re#"erarea #nei "osesi#ni are a fost l#ata in mod ab#Jiv.
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RE"L( 9 The res"onse by a "arty to harges raised in a "leading by the other "arty.
RE"LICA 9 Ras"#ns#l #nei "arti la a#Jatiile ad#se de atre "artea o"#sa.
RE"ORT 9 An offiial or formal statement of fats or "roeedings. RA"ORT
9 %elaratie ofiiala sa# neofiiala a fa"telor sa#y "roed#rilor.
RE& 9 A thingC an obAetC a s#bAet matterC or a stat#s.
LUCRU 9 &n l#r#C #n obietC o "roblema, sa# o stare.
RE& I"&A LO+UITUR 9 Latin meaning <a thing that s"ea=s for itself.< $n tort law, the dotrine whih
holds a defendant g#ilty of negligene witho#t an at#al showing that he or she was negligent.
69O998 9 $n latina5 eva are vorbeste "entr# sineC dotrina are il fae "e #n relamat vinovat de negliAenta
fara sa arate in fa"t a "ersoana a fost negliAenta.
RE& JUDICATA 9 A r#le of ivil law that one a matter has been litigated and final A#dgment has been
rendered by the trial o#rt, the matter annot be relitigated by the "arties in the same o#rt, or any other
trial o#rt.
69O998 9 * reg#la a legii ivile are s"#ne a odata e o "roblema a fost litigiata si trib#nal#l a deis a#"ra
#ne#i verdit, "roblema n# mai "oate fi litigiata de nii #na dintre "arti in aelasi trib#nal, sai in orie alt
trib#nal.
RE&CUE DOCTRINE 9 Res#e dotrine is that one who has, thro#gh his negligene, endangered safety of
another and may be held liable for inA#ries s#stained by third "erson who attem"ts to save other from
inA#ry.
DOCTRINA DE &AL-ARE 9 A"are in aJ#l in are o "ersoana, din negliAenta "ro"rie, a "#s in "eriol "e
altineva si "oate fi onsiderat res"onsabil "entr# vatamarile s#stin#te de o a treia "ersoana, are ineara
sa ii salveJe de la o alta vatamare.
RE&"ONDEAT &U"ERIOR 9 <Let the master answer.< The dotrine whih holds that em"loyers are
res"onsible for the ats and omissions of their em"loyees and agents, when done within the so"e of the
em"loyees) d#ties.
69O998 9 <$ntele"t#l sa ras"#nda<. Teoria are s#stine a sefii s#nt res"onsabili "entr# fa"tele si omisi#nile
angaAatilor si agentilor and s#nt fa#te in onte;t#al datoriilor angaAatilor.
RE&"ONDENT 9 $f yo# are the "erson that answers the original !etition, yo# are the res"ondent. Even if
yo# later file an ation of yo#r own in that ase, yo# are still the res"ondent for as long as the ase is o"en
"IRT 9 %aa esti "ersoana are ras"#nde la "etitia initiala, esti "irit#l. 'hiar daa mai tarJi# deshiJi o
ati#ne "ersonala in ael aJ tot t# esti "irit#l "e "erioada at este deshis aest "roes.
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RE(T 9 Bhen a "arty in a ase has "resented all the evidene it intends to offer.
INC,EIERE 9 'and o "arte intr9#n "roes a "reJentat toata evident "e are a intentionat sa o ofere.
RE&TITUTION 9 Giving something ba= to its owner. *r, giving the owner something with the same
val#e, li=e "aying to fi; his or her "ro"erty.
RE&TITUIRE 9 A da eva ina"oi "ro"rietar#l#i. (a#, a da "ro"rietar#l#i ina"oi eva de aeeasi valoare, a
si # ai "lati "entr# re"ararea "ro"rietatii sale.
RE&TITUTION ,EARING 9 A hearing that may be req#ested to dis"#te the amo#nt of restit#tion
ordered by the o#rt.
JUDECATA DE RE&TITUIRE 9 * A#deata are "oate fi er#ta "entr# a dis"#ta s#ma de restit#ire
ordonata de atre trib#nal.
RE&TRAINING ORDER 9 A o#rt order that tells a "erson to sto" doing something for a ertain amo#nt of
time, #s#ally #ntil a o#rt hearing is held.
ORDIN DE RE&TRICTIE 9 &n ordin al trib#nal#l#i are s"#ne #nei "ersoane sa n# mai faa #n an#mit
l#r# "entr# o an#mita "erioada de tim" de obiei "ina la A#deare.
RETAINER 9 At of the lient em"loying the attorney or o#nsel. Also, the fee the lient "ays when he or
she retains the attorney to at for him or her.
ALEGEREA UNUIA-OCAT1 ONORARIU 9 At#l de a angaAa #n avoat de atre lient. ,ai este de
asemeni ta;a "e are o "lateste #n avoat "entr# a ationa in dre"t#l sa#.
RETALIATION 9 $nflition #"on someone in res"onse to an inA#ry that he/she has a#sed another.
REDA>(A 9 A re#rge la re"resalii a ras"#ns la o vatamare are a fost a#Jata de ineva.
RET&R> 9 A re"ort to a A#dge by "olie on the im"lementation of an arrest or searh warrant. Also, a
re"ort to a A#dge in re"ly to a s#b"oena, ivil or riminal.
69O998 9 &n ra"ort fa#t de "olitie atre #n A#deator des"re arestarea sa# "erheJitionarea #iva. %e
asemeni, #n ra"ort atre #n A#deator a re"lia la o itatie ivila sa# riminala.
REUNI%ICATION &ER-ICE& 9 (ervies that hel" "arents get their hildren ba= after they are ta=en
away.
&ER-ICII DE REUNI%ICARE 9 (erviii are aA#ta "arintilor sa9si "rimeasa ina"oi o"iii d#"a e a# fost
l#ati de la ei.
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RE-ER&E 9 An ation of a higher o#rt in setting aside or revo=ing a lower o#rt deision.
IN-ER& 9 * ati#ne a #n#i trib#nal s#"erior in a "#ne de9o "arte sa# a revoa deiJia #n#i trib#nal
inferior.
RE-ER&I$LE ERROR 9 A "roed#ral error d#ring a trial or hearing s#ffiiently harmf#l to A#stify
reversing the A#dgment of a lower o#rt. 6(ee !REF&%$'$AL ERR*R.8
EROARE RE-ER&I$ILA 9 * eroare de "roed#ra in tim"#l #nei A#deati are este s#fiient de
da#natoare "entr# a A#stifia revoarea deiJiei #n#i trib#nal inferior. 6DeJi Eroare !reA#diiala.8
RE-OCA$LE TRU&T 9 A tr#st that the grantor may hange or revo=e.
TUTELA RE-OCA$ILA 9 * t#tela are "oate fi shimbata sa# revoabila.
RE-O)E 9 To hange or ta=e ba=.
A RE-OCA 9 A shimba sa# a l#a ina"oi.
RIG,T&1 CON&TITUTIONAL 9 The rights of a "erson g#aranteed by the state or federal onstit#tions.
DRE"T CON&TITUTIONAL 9 %re"t#rile #nei "ersoane garantate de stat sa# onstit#tiile federale.
RIOT 9 A "#bli dist#rbane involving ats of violene by "ersons where three or more "ersons are
gathered.
RE-OLTA 9 * ras#lare "#blia are im"lia ate de violenta aolo #nde s#nt ad#nate trei sa# mai m#lte
"ersoane.
RO$$ER( 9 The at of ta=ing money, "ersonal "ro"erty, or any other artile of val#e that is in the
"ossession of another by means of fore or fear.
JA% 9 At#l de a l#a bani, "ro"rietate "ersonala, sa# orie alt artiol de valoare are se afla in "osesia #iva
"rin forta sa# infriosare.
ROUT 9 Two or more "ersons, assembled and ating together, ma=ing any attem"t or advane toward the
ommission of an at whih wo#ld be a riot if at#ally ommitted.
$ANDA 9 %o#a sa# mai m#lte "ersoane, ad#nate si ationind im"re#na, faand orie inerare sa# fiind
a"roa"e de omiterea #n#i at are ar reJ#lta intr9o revolta daa ar fi omis.
RULE 9 An established standard, g#ide, or reg#lation.
REGULA 9 &n standard stabilit, #n ghid, sa# reg#latie.
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RULE O% COURT 9 An order made by a o#rt having om"etent A#risdition. R#les of o#rt are either
general or s"eialC the former are the reg#lations by whih the "ratie of the o#rt is governed, the latter are
s"eial orders made in "arti#lar ases.
REGULA DE LA TRI$UNAL 9 &n ordin fa#t de trib#nal si avand o A#risditie om"etenta. Reg#lile de
la trib#nal s#nt generaliJate sa# s"eialeC "rima este reg#la "rin are este g#vernata "ratia trib#nal#l#i,
iar a do#a re"reJinta ordine s"eiala date in an#mite aJ#ri.
RULE& O% E-IDENCE 9 (tandards governing whether information an be admitted and onsidered in a
ivil or riminal ase.
REGULI DE E-IDENTA 9 (tandarde are stabiles daa informatia "oate sa fie ae"tata si l#ata in
onsiderare intr9#n aJ ivil sa# riminal.
&ANCTION 9 A finanial "#nishment meant to ma=e someone obey the law. For e;am"le, a A#dge an order
someone to "ay for not following o#rt orders.
&ANCTIUNE 9 O "edea"sa finaniara are determina "e ineva sa res"ete legea. %e e;em"l# #n A#deator
"oate sa ordoneJe #iva sa "lateasa "entr# a n# a res"etat ordin#l trib#nal#l#i.
&ATI&%ACTION O% JUDGMENT 9 !ayment of a A#dgment amo#nt by the losing "arty.
&ATI&%ACTIE DE JUDECATA 9 !lata #nei s#me de A#deata fa#ta de atre "artea are a "ierd#t.
&EALING 9 The los#re of o#rt reords to ins"etion, e;e"t to the "arties. 69
O998 9 (#"#nerea dosar#l#i "entr# ins"etie # e;e"tia "artilor.
&EARC, AND &EI0URE 9 A "erson or "lae is searhed and evidene #sef#l in the investigation and
"rose#tion of a rime is ta=en. The searh is ond#ted after an order is iss#ed by a A#dge.
"ERC,E0ITIE &I CON%I&CARE 9 * "ersoana sa# #n lo s#nt eretate si evidenta are este folositoare
in investigarea si a#Jarea #nei rime este l#ata. !erheJitionarea este fa#ta d#"a e #n ordin a folst
eliberat de atre #n A#deator.
&EARC, *ARRANT 9 An order that tells the "olie to searh a s"eifi "lae to find s"eifi "eo"le or
things. A A#dge an order a searh warrant if there is "robable a#se.
ORDIN DE "ERC,E0ITIE 9 &n ordin are s"#ne "olitiei sa ereteJe #n an#mit lo "entr# a gasi
an#mite "ersoane sa# l#r#ri. &n A#deator "oate sa elibereJe #n ordin de "erheJitionare daa e;ista a#Ja
"robabila.
&ECURED DE$T 9 $n ban=r#"ty "roeedings, a debt is se#red if the debtor gave the reditor a right to
re"ossess the "ro"erty or goods #sed as ollateral.
DATORIE &ECURI0ATA 9 $n "roed#rile de faliment o datorie este se#riJata daa datorni#l a dat
reditor#l#i de a re"oseda "ro"rietatea sa# b#n#rile folosite olateral.
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&ELECTION AND IM"LEMENTATION ,EARING 9 The hearing ond#ted "ost9re#nifiation fail#re
aording to Belfare and $nstit#tions 'ode (etion ?77..7, to deide whether to terminate "arental rights
and free the hild for ado"tion, order a legal g#ardianshi", or order "ermanent "lanned living arrangement.
JUDECATA &ELECTI-A &I DE IM"LEMENTARE 9 F#deata ond#sa d#"a es#area re#nifiarii in de
aord # seti#nea ?77..7 a od#l#i b#nastarii si instit#tiilor "entr# a deide daa treb#ie terminate
dre"t#rile #n#i "arinte si sa dea o"il#l in ado"tie, sa ordoneJe #n t#tore legal, sa# sa ordoneJe aranAamente
"ermanente de viet#ire.
&EL%'DE%EN&E 9 'laim that an at was legally A#stifiable bea#se it was neessary to "rotet a "erson or
"ro"erty from the threat or ation of another.
AUTOA"ARARE 9 !retentia a #n at a fost legal A#stifiat "entr# a a fost neesar sa "roteAeJe o
"ersoana sa# o "ro"rietate de amenintarea sa# ati#nea #iva.
&EL%'INCRIMINATION 9 Ats or delarations by whih one im"liates oneself in a rime.
AUTOINCRIMINARE 9 Ate sa# delaratii "rin are ineva se a#Ja de o infrati#ne.
&EL%'"RO-ING *ILL 9 A will that is signed #nder "enalty of "erA#ry by two "eo"le who will not get
anything from the will. No# do not have to get an affidavit from the witnesses.
69O998 9 &n testament semnat s#b A#ramint de "edea"sa fa#t de doi oameni are n# vor benefiia de
testament. ># este neesara o delaratie de la martori.
&ENTENCE 9 A A#dge)s formal "rono#nement of the "#nishment to be given to a "erson onvited of a
rime.
&ENTINTA 9 !ron#ntarea ofiiala a "ede"sei data #nei "ersoane ondamnate de o infrati#ne.
&ENTENCE RE"ORT 9 A do#ment ontaining ba=gro#nd material on a onvited "erson. $t is
"re"ared to g#ide the A#dge in the im"osition of a sentene. (ometimes alled a !RE9(E>TE>'E
RE!*RT.
RA"ORTUL &ENTINTEI 9 &n do#ment are ontine material#l informativ al #nei "ersoane
ondamnate. Este "regatit "entr# a9l aA#ta "e A#deator in im"#nerea sentintei. &neori se n#meste
Ra"ort !re (entinta.
&ENTENCE1 CONCURRENT 9 Two or more sentenes of Aail time to be served sim#ltaneo#sly.
&ENTINTE &IMULTANE 9 %o#a sa# mai m#lte sentinte de inhisoare are s#nt servite sim#ltan.
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&ENTENCE1 CON&ECUTI-E 9 Two or more sentenes of Aail time to be served in seq#ene.
&ENTINTE CON&ECUTI-E 9 %o#a sa# mai m#lte sentinte de inhisoare are vor fi servite onse#tiv.
&ENTENCE1 &U&"ENDED 9 A sentene "ost"oned in whih the defendant is not req#ired to serve time
#nless he or she ommits another rime or violates a o#rt9im"osed ondition.
&ENTINTA &U&"END ATA 9 * sentinta aminata in are relamat#l#i n# $ se ere sa "etreaa tim" in
inhisoare deit daa omite o alta infrati#ne sa# violeaJa o onditie im"#sa de trib#nal.
&ENTENCING 9 The hearing where the o#rt determines a "erson)s "#nishment. A DA
O &ENTINTA 9 F#deata in are trib#nal#l hotareste "edea"sa #nei "ersoane.
&E"ARATE MAINTENANCE 9 Allowane ordered to be "aid by one s"o#se to the other for s#""ort while
the s"o#ses are living a"art, b#t not divored.
69O998 9 * "ensie are treb#ie sa fie "latita de #n sot el#lalt "entr# s#"ort, in tim" e sotii traies se"arat, dar
n# s#nt divortati.
&E"ARATION 9 An arrangement where a h#sband and wife live a"art from eah other while remaining
married either by m#t#al onsent or by a A#diial order.
&E"ARARE 9 AranAament in are sot#l si sotia traies des"artiti #n#l de alt#l in tim" e ramin asatoriti fie
"rin onsimtamint m#t#al sa# "rin ordin A#diiar.
&E+UE&TRATION O% *ITNE&&E& 9 Mee"ing all witnesses 6e;e"t "laintiff and defendant8 o#t of the
o#rtroom e;e"t for their time on the stand, and a#tioning them not to dis#ss their testimony with other
witnesses. Also alled se"aration of witnesses. This "revents a witness from being infl#ened by the
testimony of a "rior witness.
&EC,E&TRARE DE MARTORI 9 A9$ tine "e martori 6# e;e"tia relamat#l#i si a relamant#l#i8 in
afara salii de A#deata # e;e"tia tim"#l#i in are se afla inbo;a martorilor, si avertiJind#9$ sa n# dis#te
des"re mart#ria lor # alti martori.
&ER-E A &ENTENCE 9 The at of s"ending an allotted amo#nt of time in a designated loation s#h as a
"rison as "#nishment for the rime ommitted.
A &ER-IO &ENTINTA 9 At#l de a "etree o an#mita "erioada de tim" intr9#n lo desemnat, #m ar fi
inhisoare, dre"t "edea"sa "entr# o infrati#ne omisa.
&ER-ICE 9 Bhen someone over 32 and not involved with yo#r ase gives the other "arty a o"y of the
o#rt "a"ers in "erson or by mail.
A &ER-I 9 'ind ineva "este 32 ani are n# este im"liat in a#l ta# da eleilalte "arti o o"ie a
do#mentelor de la trib#nal in "ersoana sa# le trimite "rin "osta.
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3?/
&ER-ICE O% "ROCE&& 9 The delivery of legal "a"ers to the o""osing "arty. The "a"ers m#st be
delivered by an ad#lt aged 32 or older that is not involved in the ase and that swears to the date and
method of delivery to the rei"ient.
&ER-IREA UNUI "ROCE& 9 $nminarea do#mentelor legale "artii o"#se. %o#mentele treb#ie sa fie
inminate de #n ad#lt de 32 ani sa# mai in virsta, are n# este im"liat in "roes si are inmineaJa "rin
metoda si la data stabilita s#b A#ramint do#mentele rei"ient#l#i.
&ETTLEMENT 9 Bhen both sides reah an agreement that solves the ase before the A#dge or A#ry ma=es
a deision.
ARANJAMET 9 'ind amindo#a "artile aA#ng la o intelegere are reJolva aJ#l inainte a A#deator#l sa#
A#ri#l sa ia o deiJie.
&ETTLOR 9 The "erson who sets #" a tr#st. Also alled the GRA>T*R.
69O998 9 !ersoana are stabileste o t#tela. (e mai n#meste esionar.
&E-ERANCE DAMAGE& 9 'om"ensation, whih may be reovered in the o#rts by any "erson who has
s#ffered loss or detriment as a onseq#ene of being #t off from something 6i.e. em"loyment8.
"AGU$E DE &E"ARARE 9 'om"ensare are "oate fi re#"erate in trib#nale de o "ersoana are a s#ferit
o "ierdere sa# #n detriment a si onseinta a fa"t#l#i a a fost se"arate de eva. 6E;em"l#..9 AngaAare sa#
(l#Aba8
&E/UAL A$U&E / A&&AULT 9 &nlawf#l se;#al ontat with another "erson.
A$U0 /A&ALT &E/UAL 9 'ontat se;#al ilegal # o alta "ersoana.
&E/UAL $ATTER( 9 The fored "enetration of or ontat with another)s se;#al organs or the se;#al
organs of the "er"etrator.
$ATAIE &E/UALA 9 !enetrarea fortata sa# ontat#l # organele se;#ale ale alt#iva sa# organele se;#ale
ale infa"t#itor#l#i.
&E/UAL ,ARA&&MENT 9 (e;#al words, ond#t, or ation 6#s#ally re"eated and "ersistent8 that, being
direted at a s"eifi "erson, annoys, alarms, or a#ses s#bstantial emotional distress in that "erson and
serves not legitimate "#r"ose.
,ARTUIRE &E/UALA 9 '#vinte, ond#ita, sa# ati#ne se;#ala 6de obiei re"etate si "ersistente8 are,
fiind indre"tate atre o "ersoana an#me, inf#rie, alarmeaJa, sa# "rovoaa tensi#ne emotionala in "ersoana
res"etive si n# are #n so" legitim.
&E/UAL MOLE&TATION 9 $llegal se; ats "erformed against a minor by a "arent, g#ardian, relative or
aq#aintane.
MOLE&TARE &E/UALA 9 Ate de se; ilegal infa"t#ite # #n minor de atre #n "arinte, gardian, r#da sa#
#nostinta.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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&E/UALL( -IOLENT "REDATOR 9 a "erson who has been onvited of a se;#ally violent offense
against two or more vitims and has a diagnosed mental disorder that ma=es him or her a danger to the
health and safety of others.
69O998 9 * "ersoana are a fost ondamnata de infrati#nea de violenta se;#ala im"otriva a do#a sa# mai
m#lte vitime, si are are diagnosti#l de bolnav mintal, are il fae #n "eriol fata de sanatatea si sig#ranta
altora.
&,ERI%% 9 Eleted offier of a o#nty whose Aob is to onserve "eae within his or her territorial
A#risdition as well as aid in the riminal and ivil o#rt "roesses.
&ERI% 9 *fiter ales intr9#n setor a ar#i datorie este sa a"ere "aea in A#risditia sa teritoriala sis a aA#te in
"roesele infrationale si ivile la trib#nal.
&,O"LI%TING 9 The willf#l ta=ing and onealing of merhandise from a store or b#siness with the
intention of #sing the goods for one)s "ersonal #se witho#t "aying the "#rhase "rie.
%URT 9 L#area sa# as#nderea voita de marfa dintr9#n msgaJin # intentia de a folosi b#n#rile "entr# #J
"ersonal fara sa "lateasa "ret#l de #m"arare.
&,O* CAU&E 9 A o#rt order telling a "erson to a""ear in o#rt and "resent any evidene why the
orders req#ested by the other side sho#ld not be granted or e;e#ted.
69O998 9 &n ordin de trib#nal s"#nind #nei "ersoane a treb#ie sa a"ara la trib#nal sis a "reJinte orie
evidenta "rin are ordinele er#te de atre ealalta "arte "ot fi res"inse.
&IDE$AR 9 A onferene between the A#dge and lawyers, #s#ally in the o#rtroom, o#t of hearing of the
A#ry and s"etators.
69O998 9 * onferinta intre A#deatori si avoati, de obiei la trib#nal, sin # in a#J#l A#ri#l#i sa# al
s"etatorilor.
&LANDER 9 %efamation of a "erson)s harater or re"#tation thro#gh false or maliio#s oral statements.
(ee %EFA,AT$*>.
CALOMNIE 9 %efaimarea arater#l#i sa# re"#tatiei #nei "ersoane "rin delaratii orase malitioase si false.
DeJi de asemeni %efaimare.
&MALL CLAIM& COURT 9 A o#rt that handles ivil laims for L-,1// or less. !eo"le often re"resent
themselves rather than hire an attorney.
TRI$UNAL DE "ROCE&E MINORE 9 &n trib#nal are se o#"a # "roese ivile de -,1// de dolari sa#
mai "#tin. *amenii se re"reJinta "e sine, fara sa angaAeJe avoat.
&ODOM( 9 *ral or anal o"#lation between h#mans, or between h#mans or animals.
&ODOMIE 9 'ontat#l oral sa# anal intre fiinte #mane sa# intre fiinte #mane si animale.
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&OLICITATION 9 Getting someone else to ommit a rime.
&OLICITARE 9 A deternina "e altineva sa omita o infrati#ne.
&O-EREIGN IMMUNIT( 9 The dotrine that the government, state or federal, is e;em"t to laws#it
#nless it gives its onsent.
$,&>$TATE (&!RE,A 9 %otrina a g#vern#l, fie de stat sa# federal, este e;e"tat de la darea in
A#deata daa n# isi da onsimtamint#l.
&"ECIAL CIRCUM&TANCE 9 Allegation that a ase or harge warrants the death "enalty.
CIRCUM&TANTA DEO&E$ITA 9 Alegarea a #n "roes sa# o a#Jatie garanteaJa "edea"sa #
moartea.
&"ECIAL -ERDICT& 9 A verdit that gives a written finding for eah iss#e, leaving the a""liation of the
law to the A#dge.
-ERDICTE &"ECIALE 9 Derdit are da o hotarire in sris "entr# fieare "roblema lasind a"liarea legii
in seama A#deator#l#i.
&"ECI%IC INTENT CRIME 9 A rime whih req#ires a s"eifi mental state.
IN%RACTIUNE CU INTENTI&"ECI%ICA 9 * infrati#ne are "res#"#ne o an#mita stare mentala.
&"ECI%IC "ER%ORMANCE 9 A remedy req#iring a "erson who has breahed a ontrat to "erform
s"eifially what he or she has agreed to do. *rdered when damages wo#ld be inadeq#ate om"ensation.
"ER%ORMANTA &"ECI%ICA 9 &n remedi# are ere "ersoanei are a r#"t ontrat#l sa inde"lineasa
termenii la are s9a angaAat. Este ordonat ind "ag#bele n# s#nt adevat.
&"EED( TRIAL 9 The right of an a#sed to an immediate trial as g#aranteed by the 7th Amendment of
the &nited (tates 'onstit#tion.
"ROCE& RA"ID 9 %re"t#l #n#i a#Jat la o A#deata imediata #m este garantata de Amendament#l al 79
lea al 'onstit#tiei (tatelor &nite.
&"ENDT,RI%T TRU&T 9 A 6r9s6 that says that the benefiiary annot give away or sell their "art of the
tr#st. This means that reditors annot ta=e money from the tr#st.
69O998 9 * t#tela are s"#ne a benefiiar#l n# "oate sa inde"arteJe sa# sa vinda "artea sa din t#tela. Aeasta
inseamna a nii reditorii n# "ot l#a bani din t#tela.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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&"OU&AL &U""ORT 9 'o#rt9ordered s#""ort of a s"o#se or e;9s"o#seC also alled <maintenane< or
<alimony.<
"EN&IE ALIMENTARA 9 !ensie ordonata de trib#nal "entr# sot/sotie sa# e; sot/sotie.
&"OU&E/CO,A$ITANT $EATING' (ee %*,E(T$' D$*LE>'E
$ATAIE INTRE &OTI &AU COA$ITANTI 9 DeJi Diolenta %omestia.
&TAL)ING 9 The at or an instane of following another by stealthC the offense of following or loitering
near another, often s#rre"titio#sly, with the "#r"ose of annoying or harassing that "erson or ommitting a
f#rther rime s#h as assa#lt or battery.
A URMARI 9 At#l sa# fa"t#l de a #rmari "e ineva in seretC infrati#nea de a #rmari sa# a Jabovi in A#r#l
#iva, adesea "e f#ris, # so"#l de a inf#ria sa# hart#i "ersoana sa# a omite o infrati#ne #m ar fi #n asalt
sa# bataie.
&TANDARD O% "ROO% 9 There are essentially three standards of "roof a""liable in most o#rt
"roeedings. $n riminal ases, the offense m#st be "roven EEN*>% A REA(*>AELE %*&ET, the
highest standard. $n ivil ases and neglet and de"endeny "roeedings, the lowest standard a""lies by a
mere !RE!*>%ERA>'E *F THE ED$%E>'E, 6more li=ely than not8. $n some ivil ases, and in
A#venile "roeedings s#h as a "ermanent termination of "arental rights, an intermediate standard a""lies,
"roof by 'LEAR A>% '*>D$>'$>G ED$%E>'E.
69O998 9 E;ista trei standarde esentiale de dovedire a"liabile in ele mai m#lte "roed#ri A#deatoresti. $n
aJ#rile riminale, delit#l treb#ie dovedit %inolo %e *rie $ndoiala, la el mai inalt standard. $n aJ#rile
ivile si in "roed#rile de de"endenta si negliAenta el mai de Aos standard se a"lia "rintr9o !re"onderenta
%e Evidenta. 6,ai m#lt a sig#r8. $n #nele aJ#ri ivile si in "roed#rile A#venile, #m ar fi terminarea
"ermanenta a dre"t#rilor "arintesti, se a"lia #n standard intermediary, dovada "rin Evidenta 'lara si
'onvingatoare.
&TANDING 9 The legal right to bring a laws#it. *nly a "erson with something at sta=e has the right to
bring a laws#it.
69O998 9 %re"t#l legal de a deshide #n "roes. >#mai at#ni and ineva este in mas#ra are dre"t#l sa
deshida #n "roes.
&TARE DECI&I& 9 The dotrine that o#rts will follow "rini"les of law established in "revio#s ases.
(imilar to !RE'E%E>T.
69O998 9 %otrina a trib#nalele vor #rma "rini"ii de lege stabilite in aJ#ri anterioare.
(imilar # !reedent.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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&TATEMENT1 CLO&ING 9 The final statements by the attorneys to the A#ry or o#rt s#mmariJing the
evidene that they have established and the evidene that the other side has failed to establish. Also =nown
as 'L*($>G ARG&,E>T.
DECLARATIE DE INC,EIERE 9 %elaratiile finale fa#te de avoati atre A#ri# sa# trib#nal reviJ#ind
evident a"e are a# stabilit9o si evidenta "e are "artea o"#sa n# a "#t#t9o stabili. %e asemeni #nos#t
dre"t Arg#ment %e $nheiere.
&TATEMENT1 O"ENING 9 *#tline or s#mmary of the nat#re of the ase and of the antii"ated "roof
"resented by the attorney to the A#ry before any evidene is s#bmitted. Also =nown as *!E>$>G
ARG&,E>T.
DECLARATIE DE DE&C,IDERE 9 (#blinierea sa# reJ#mat#l nat#rii aJ#l#i si a doveJii "reJentate de
atre avoat A#ri#l#i inainte a evidenta sa fie l#ata in onsiderare. %e asemeni #nos#ta dre"t Arg#ment
%e %eshidere.
&TATEMENT O% %ACT 9 Any written or oral delaration of fats in a ase.
DECLARATIE DE %A"T 9 *rie delaratie srisa sa# orala a fa"telor intr9#n aJ.
&TATU& O%%ENDER& 9 No#ths harged with being beyond the ontrol of their legal g#ardian or who are
habit#ally disobedient, tr#ant from shool, or have ommitted other ats that wo#ld not be a rime if
ommitted by an ad#lt. They are not delinq#ents, b#t are "ersons in need of s#"ervision, minors in need of
s#"ervision, or hildren in need of s#"ervision, de"ending on the state in whih they live. (tat#s offenders
are "laed #nder the s#"ervision of the A#venile o#rt. 6(ee !ER(*> $> >EE% *F (&!ERD$($*>.8
69O998 9 Tineri a#Jati a s#nt iesiti de s#b ontrol#l t#torel#i legal sa# are s#nt de obiei neas#ltatori si
are hi#les de la soala, sa# are a# omis alte ate are n# s#nt onsiderate infrati#ni at#ni and s#nt
omise de #n ad#lt. Ei n# s#nt onsiderati delinventi i "ersoane, minori sa# o"il, are a# nevoie de
s#"raveghere, de"inJind de stat#l in are lo#ies. <(tat#s *fenders< s#nt "lasati s#b s#"ravegherea
trib#nal#l#i A#venil. 6DeJi !ersoana 'are Are >evoie %e (#"raveghere8.
&TATUTE 9 A law "assed by 'ongress or a state legislat#re.
&TATUT 9 * lege data de 'ongres sa# o legislat#ra de stat.
&TATUTE O% LIMITATION& 9 A law that says how m#h time yo# have to file a laws#it after
something ha""ens.
&TATUT DE LIMITARI 9 * lege are stabileste tim"#l aordat "entr# deshiderea #n#i "roes d#"a e se
intam"la eva.
&TATUTOR( 9 Relating to a stat#teC reated, defined, or req#ired by a stat#te.
&TATUTAR 9 'are se refera la #n stat#tC reat, definit, sa# er#t de #n stat#t.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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&TATUTOR( ACTION& 9 Ations relating or onforming to, or reated, defined, or req#ired by a stat#te.
ACTIUNI &TATUTARE 9 Ati#ni are se refera sa# s#nt in onformitate #, reate, definite, sa# er#te de
#n staat#t.
&TATUTOR( CON&TRUCTION 9 !roess by whih a o#rt see=s to inter"ret the meaning and so"e of
legislation.
69O998 9 !roes "rin are trib#nal#l a#ta sa inter"reteJe insemnatatea si so"#l #nei legislatii.
&TATUTOR( LA* 9 Law enated by the legislative branh of government, as disting#ished from 'A(E
LAB or '*,,*> LAB.
LEGE &TATUTARA 9 Lege stabilita de ram#ra legislative a g#vern#l#i are se deosebeste de Legea
'aJ#l#i sa# de Legea 'om#na.
&TATUTOR( RA"E 9 The #nlawf#l se;#al intero#rse with a "erson #nder an age set by stat#te,
regardless of whether they onsent to the at.
-IOL &TATUTAR 9 'ontat#l se;#al ilegal # o "ersoana s#b virsta stabilita "rin stat#t indifferent daa ea
onsimte.
&TA( 9 The at of sto""ing a A#diial "roeeding by order of the o#rt.
O"RIRE 9 At#l de o"rire a "roed#rilor A#ridiiare "rin ordin#l trib#nal#l#i.
&TA( O% E/ECUTION 9 An order that "revents the e;e#tion of an ation, e.g. the serving of a sentene.
The stay may be granted on a motion by the defendant, or it may be ordered in aordane with stat#tory
law, e.g. 'alif. !enal 'ode (etion 714.
O"RIREA E/ECUTARII 9 *rdin#l are im"iedia e;e#tarea #nei ati#ni, de e;em"l# servirea #nei
sentinte. *"rirea "oate sa fie aordata "e baJa #nei moti#ni a relamat#l#i sa# "oate sa fie er#ta in de aord
# legea stat#tara, de e;em"l# (eti#nea 714 a 'od#l#i !enal al 'aliforniei.
&TI"ULATE 9 To agree to something. A
&TI"ULA 9 A adea de aord # eva.
&TRICT LIA$ILIT( 9 A one"t a""lied by o#rts in "rod#t liability ases in whih a seller is
res"onsible for any and all defetive or haJardo#s "rod#ts whih #nd#ly threaten a ons#mer)s "ersonal
safety.
RE&"ON&A$ILITATE &TRICTA 9 'one"t#l a"liat de trib#nale in aJ#rile de res"onsabilitate de
"rod#s, in are vanJator#l este res"onsabil "entr# orie "rod#se defet#oase sa# haJard#ase are "ot sa
ameninte sig#ranta "ersonala a ons#mator#l#i.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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&TRIC)EN E-IDENCE 9 Evidene that has been removed from the reord.
E-IDENTA RADIATA 9 Este evidenta are a fost eliminate din dosar.
&TRI)E 9 638 to delete or remove. 6.8 To dismiss an allegation before sentening. 6?8 A serio#s violent
felony "rior onvition that is harged as a "rior allegation, e.g. a seond stri=e, or third stri=e.
69O998 93. A sterge sa# a eliminaC .. A an#la o delaratie inainte de darea sentinteiC ?. &n delit violent,
serios inainte de ondamnare, are este onsiderate a o delaratie # "reedent, de e;em"l# "rima sa# a
do#a lovit#ra.
&UA &"ONTE 9 &sed to desribe when a A#dge does something witho#t being as=ed to by either "arty.
Latin meaning <of one)s own will.<
69O998 9 Folosit "entr# a desrie e se intim"la at#ni ind #nA#deator fae eva fara $ se eara de atre nii
#na dintre "arti. $nsemnatatea latina este <"rin vointa "ro"rie.<
&U$ CURIA 9 Latin meaning <#nder the lawC< the holding of a ase by a o#rt #nder onsideration,
sometimes to await the filing of a do#ment, s#h as a "resentene investigation re"ort or memorand#m of
law, or to write an o"inion.
69O998 9 $n latina inseamna <s#b lege<C aminarea #n#i "roes are este l#at deAa in onsiderare, #neori "entr# a
aste"ta inregistrarea #n#i do#ment, #m ar fi "reJentarea #n#i ra"ort de investigare sa# a #n#i
memorand#m de lege, sa# a srie o o"inie.
&U$MIT 9 To yield to the will of another. A
&U"UNE 9 A eda vointei alt#ia.
&U$"OENA 9 An offiial order to go to o#rt at a ertain time. (#b"oenas are ommonly #sed to tell
witnesses to ome to o#rt to testify in a trial.
CITATIE 9 &n ordin ofiial a ineva sa se "reJinte la trib#nal la o data an#me. 'itaiile s#nt folosite in
general "entr# a9$ an#nta "e martori sa vina la trib#nal sa mart#riseasa in "roes.
&U$"OENA DUCE& TECUM 9 A o#rt order to bring "a"ers or reords to o#rt at a ertain time. 69
O998 9 &n ordin al trib#nal#l#i de a ad#e do#mente sa# dosare la trib#nal la o an#mita data.
&U$ROGATION 9 To s#bstit#te one "erson for another in a legal laim.
$>(TALARE 9 A s#bstit#i o "esoana # o alta intr9#n "roes legal.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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&U$&TANTIAL "ER%ORMANCE 9 Bhere a "arty has honestly and faithf#lly "erformed the essential
and material "ortions of the ontrat and the only non9"erformane onsists of tehnial or #nim"ortant
"rovisions.
"ER%ORMANTA &U$&TANTIALA 9 'ind o "arte a inde"linit in mod instit si # rediniosie "artile
materiale esentiale ale #n#i ontrat si sing#ra non9"erformanta onsta in detalii tehnie li"site de
im"ortanta.
(&E(TA>T$DE LA* 9 The law dealing with rights, d#ties, and liabilities, as ontrasted with
!R*'E%&RAL LAB, whih governs the tehnial as"ets of enforing ivil or riminal laws.
69O998 9 Legea are se o#"a # dre"t#ri, indatoriri si res"onsabilitati in ontrast # Legea %e !roed#ra are
g#verneaJa as"etele tehnie de im"#nere a legilor ivile si infrationale.
(&''E(($*> 9 The aq#isition of title to the "ro"erty of one who dies witho#t dis"osing of it by will.
(&''E($&>E 9 AhiJitionarea titl#l#i de "ro"rietate al "ro"rietatii #iva are a m#rit fara sa lase
"ro"rietatea "rin testament.
&UE 9 To ommene legal "roeedings for reovery of a right.
A DA IN JUDECATA 9 A initia "roed#ri legale "entr# re#"erarea #n#i dre"t.
&UIT 9 Any "roeeding by one "erson or "ersons against another in a o#rt of law.
DARE IN JUDECATA 9 *rie "roed#ra fa#ta de o "ersoana im"otriva altei "ersoane la trib#nal.
&UMMAR( JUDGMENT 9 Bhen the A#dge deides a ase witho#t going to trial. The deision is based on
the "a"ers filed by both sides.
69O998 9 'ind A#deator#l hotaraste #n aJ fara A#deata. Hotarireaeste baJata "e do#mentele "reJentate de
amindo#a "artile.
(&,,*>( 9 638 A notie to a defendant that he or she has been s#ed or harged with a rime and is
req#ired to a""ear in o#rt. 6.8 A A#ry summons req#ires the "erson reeiving it to re"ort for "ossible A#ry
d#ty.
&OMATIE 9 3. * nota "entr# relamat a a fost dat in A#deata si este a#Jat de o infrati#ne, si a $ se ere
sa a"ara la #n trib#nalC .. * somatie a A#ri#l#i ere "ersoanei are o "rimeste sa se "reJinte "entr# a fae
"arte din A#ri#.
&U"ER&EDEA& 9 A writ iss#ed by an a""ellate o#rt to "reserve the stat#s q#o "ending review of a
A#dgment, or "ending other e;erise of its A#risdition.
69O998 9 &n do#ment eliberat de o #rte a"elata "entr# a "roteAa reviJ#irea in #rs a stat#s q#o9#l#i #nei
A#deati, sa# in #rs de e;eritare a A#risditiei.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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&U""ORT TRU&T 9 A tr#st that instr#ts the tr#stee to s"end only as m#h inome and "rini"al 6the
assets held in the tr#st8 as needed for the benefiiary)s s#""ort.
69O998 9 T#tela are instr#ieste "e t#telar sa helt#iasa doar it este neesar "entr# intretinerea
benefiiar#l#i.
&U""RE&& 9 To sto" or "#t an end to someone)s ativities. (ee also ER'L&($*>ARN R&LE. A
&U"RIMA 9 A o"ri sa# sfirsi ativitatile #iva. DeJi de asemenea E;l#sionary R#le.
&U""RE&&ION ,EARING 9 A hearing on a riminal defendant)s motion to "rohibit the "rose#tor)s #se of
evidene alleged to have been obtained in violation of the defendant)s rights. This hearing is held o#tside of
the "resene of the A#ry, either "rior to or at trial. The A#dge m#st r#le as a matter of law on the motion.
JUDECATA DE &U"RIMARE 9 F#dearea #nei moti#ni infrationale a a#Jat#l#i "entr# a interJie a
a#Jarea sa foloseasa evidenta are se "res#"#ne a a fost obtin#ta "rin violarea dre"t#rilor a#Jat#l#i.
AeastaA#deata este tin#ta fara "reJenta A#ri#l#i inainte sa# in tim"#l "roes#l#i. F#deator#l treb#ie sa ia
deiJia in onformitate # legea.
&URET( $OND 9 An ins#rane "oliy ta=en o#t by a defendant with a national ins#rane om"any in
whih the ins#rer agrees to "ay the o#rt the amo#nt of bail req#ired for the defendant)s release if the
defendant fails to ome to o#rt when he or she is s#""osed to. *ften alled a fidelity bond.
69O998 9 * "olita de asig#rare fa#ta de #n a#Jat # o om"anie nationala de asig#rare, in are om"ania este
de aord sa "lateasa s#ma neesara "entr# a#ti#nea er#ta "entr# eliberarea a#Jat#l#i daa aesta n# se
"reJinta la trib#nal la data stabilita. Este n#mita adesea Asig#rare de Fidelitate.
&UR-I-OR&,I" 9 Another name for F*$>T TE>A>'N.
&U"RA-IETUIRE 9 &n alt n#me "entr# "osesi#ne om#na.
&U&"END 9 To "ost"one, stay, or withhold ertain onditions of a A#diial sentene for a tem"orary "eriod
of time.
A &U&"ENDA 9 A amina, a o"ri sa# a retine an#mite onditii ale #nei sentinte A#diiare "entr# o an#mita
"erioada de tim".
&U&TAIN 9 To maintain, to affirm, to a""rove. A
&U&TINE 9 A mentine, a afirma, a a"roba.
&*EAR 9 To "#t to oath and delare as tr#th.
A JURA 9 A "#ne s#b A#ramint si a delara a adevar.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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TANGI$LE 9 'a"able of being "ereived, es"eially by the sense of to#h.
TANGI$IL 9 At de a fi "ere"#t in s"eial "rin simt#l tatil.
TANGI$LE "ER&ONAL "RO"ERT( MEMORANDUM 2T""M3 9 A legal do#ment referred to in a
will and #sed to g#ide the distrib#tion of "ersonal "ro"erty that yo# an move or to#h. For e;am"le,
f#rnit#re, om"#ters, Aewelry, and artwor=.
69O998 9 &n do#ment legal la are se fae referire intr9#n testament si este folosit "entr# a diriAa distrib#irea
"ro"rietatii "ersonale are "oate fi m#tata sa# atinsa. %e e;em"l# mobile, om"#tere, biA#terii si l#rari de
arta.
TA/ATION O% CO&T& 9 The "roess of asertaining and harging #" the amo#nt of osts in an ation to
whih a "arty is legally entitled, or whih are legally hargeable. AdA#stmentC fi;ing the amo#nt.
IM"O0IT 9 !roes#l de a"robare si a"liare a #n#i ost intr9o ati#ne la are o "arte este indre"tatita legal
iar ost#l se a"lia legal. AA#starea, stabilirea s#mei.
TEM"ORAR( RELIE% 9 Any form of ation by a o#rt granting one of the "arties an order to "rotet its
interest "ending f#rther ation by the o#rt.
ELI$ERARE TEM"ORARA 9 *rie forma de ati#ne l#ata de #n trib#nal "entr# a garanta #neia dintra
"arti ordin de "rotetie a intereselor sale intr9o ati#ne in #rs de reJolvare la trib#nal.
TEM"ORAR( RE&TRAINING ORDER 2TRO3' A o#rt order that says a "erson m#st not do ertain
things that are li=ely to a#se harm that an)t be fi;ed.
ORDIN TEM"ORAR DE RE&TRICTIE 9 &n ordin al trib#nal#l#i rae s"#ne a o "ersoana n# "oate sa
faa an#mite l#r#ri are mai m#lt a sig#r ar a#Ja o vatamare are n# "oate fi re"arata.
TE&TAMENT 9 A will dis"osing of "ersonal "ro"erty. 6(ee B$LL.8
69O998 9 * mostenire de "ro"rietate "ersonala. DeJi de asemenea ,ostenire.
TE&TAMENTAR( CA"ACIT( 9 The legal ability to ma=e a will. To write a will, a "erson has to be at
least 32 years oldC =now what "ro"erty he or she ownsC and =now who he or wants to give the "ro"erty to.
CA"ACITATEA TE&TAMENTARA 9 Abilitatea legala de a fae #n testament. !entr# a srie #n
testament o "ersoana treb#ie sa aiba el "#tin 32 ani, sa #noasa "ro"rietatea "e are o "oseda sis a stie #i
doreste sa ii dea "ro"rietatea.
TE&TAMENTAR( DI&"O&ITION 9 A dis"osition of "ro"erty by way of gift, whih is not to ta=e effet
#nless the grantor does or #ntil that event.
DI&"O0ITIA TE&TAMENTARA 9 %is"#nerea #nei "ro"rietati a si dar are n# intra in efet deit daa
testatar#l moare sa# "ina la ael eveniment.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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TE&TAMENTAR( GUARDIAN 9 A g#ardian a""ointed by the last will of a father for the "erson and real
and "ersonal estate of his hild #ntil the hild reahes f#ll age.
TUTELA TE&TAMENTARA 9 * t#tela reate inttr9#n testament. T#tela n# e;ista "ina and moare
"ersoana.
TE&TAMENTAR( TRU&TEE 9 A "erson a""ointed to arry o#t a tr#st reated by a will.
TUTELAR TE&TAMENTAR 9 * "ersoana desemnata sa intre in "osesia #nei t#tele reate de #n
testament.
TE&TATE 9 *ne who has died leaving a will or one who has made a will. TE&TATAR
9 'ineva are a m#rit lasind #n testament sa# are a fa#t #n testament.
TE&TATOR 9 ,ale "erson who ma=es a will 6female5 testatrix).
TE&TATAR 9 !ersoana mas#lina are a fa#t #n testament.
TE&TATRI/ 9 Female "erson who ma=es a will 6male5 testator).
TE&TATARA 9 !ersoana feminina are a fa#t #n testament.
TE&TI%( 9 To give evidene #nder oath as a witness in a o#rt "roeeding.
A MARTURI&I 9 A add#e evidenta s#b A#ramint a martor in "roed#ri A#deatoresti.
TE&TIMON( 9 *ral evidene at a trial or de"osition.
MARTURIE 9 Evidenta orala la#n "roes sa# de"oJitie.
T,E%T 9 The at of stealing or the ta=ing of "ro"erty witho#t the owner)s onsent. ,OTIE
9 Ati#nea de a f#ra, sa# a l#a "ro"rietatea #iva fara onsimtamint#l "ro"rietar#l#i.
T,IRD'"ART( 9 A "erson, b#siness, or government ageny not atively involved in a legal "roeeding,
agreement, or transation.
"ARTEA TERTA 9 * "ersoana, o afaere, sa# o agentie de govern are n# s#nt im"liate in mod ativ in
"roed#ra legala, intelegere sa# in tranJatie.
T,IRD'"ART( CLAIM 9 An ation by the defendant that brings a third "arty into a laws#it. "ROCE&
CU O TERTA "ARTE 9 Ati#nea l#ata de #n a#Jat are add#e o a treia "arte intr9#n "roes.
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T,REE &TRI)E& LA* 9 Law that s#bAets "erson onvited of felony who has two or more "rior serio#s
or violent felonies to a life term in "rison.
69O998 9 Legea are s#"#ne o "ersoana la inhisoare "e viata ondamnata de #n delit si are are do#a sa# mai
m#lte deliate serioase sa# violente.
TIME &ER-ED 9 A sentene given by the o#rt to a onvited riminal eq#al to the amo#nt of time that the
riminal was inarerated d#ring the trial.
TIM" &ER-IT 9 * sentinta data de atre trib#nal #n#i riminal ondamnat, egala # d#rata de tim" in are
riminal#l a fost inarerat.
TIME *AI-ER 9 Bhen yo# give #" the right to have a ertain "hase of the legal "roess ta=e "lae
within the normally s"eified amo#nt of time.
69O98 9 'ind ren#nti la dre"t#l de a avea o an#mita faJa a "roes#l#i legal are are lo in tim"#l normal
s"eifiat.
TITLE 9 *wnershi" or evidene of ownershi" of land or other "ro"erty. TITLU 9
!osesi#nea sa# dovada de "osesi#ne a #n#i "amint sa# alte "ro"rietati.
TORT 9 Bhen a "erson is h#rt bea#se someone did not do what he or she was s#""osed to do. The most
ommon tort ation is a s#it for damages as a res#lt of an a#tomobile aident. (ee ER %EL$'T*.
"REJUDICIU 9 'ind o "ersoana este ranita "entr# a ineva a negliAat sa faa eea e treb#ia. 'el mai
obisn#it "reA#dii# este darea in A#deata "entr# "ag#be are a# reJ#ltat din a#Ja #n#i aident de
a#tomobil.
TORTURE 9 To inflit intense "ain to body or mind for "#r"oses of "#nishment, or to e;trat a onfession
or information, or for sadisti "leas#re.
TORTURA 9 A a#Ja d#rere intense tr#"#l#i sa# mintii # so"#l de a e;trage o informatie, sa# "entr# o
"laere sadia.
TRAN&ACTIONAL MAL"RACTICE 9 !rofessional misond#t, #nreasonable la= of s=ill in
"rofessional d#ties, or illegal or immoral ond#t in regards to an at of transating or ond#ting any
b#siness.
69O998 9 'ond#ita "rofesionala inae"tabila, li"sa de "rofesionaliJm nereJonabila in datoriile de servii# sa#
ond#ita ilegala sa# imorala ra"ortata la #n at de ond#erea #nei afaeri.
TRAN&CRI"T 9 A reord of everything that is said in a hearing or trial.
69O998 9 &n do#ment are #"rinde tot eea e se s"#ne intr9o A#deata sa# "roes.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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TRAN&%ERRED INTENT 9 %otrine #nder whih original malie is transferred from one against whom
it was entertained to "erson who at#ally s#ffers onseq#ene of #nlawf#l at. Bhen one attem"ts to =ill a
ertain "erson, b#t by mista=e or inadvertene =ills a different "erson, the rime, if any, so ommitted is the
same as tho#gh the "erson originally intended to be =illed, had been =illed.
69O998 9 %otrina "rin are ra#tatea originala este transferata de la el are a intretin#t intentia de ra#tate, la
"ersoana are de fa"t s#fera onseintele at#l#i ilegal. 'ind ineva ineara sa omoare o an#mita
"ersoana, dar din greseala, sa# inadvertenta, omoara o alta "ersoana, rima daa are lo, omisa astfel, este
la fel a si #m "ersoana initiala ar fi fost omorita.
TRAN&ITOR( 9 Ations that might have ta=en "lae anywhere.
TRAN0ITORIU 9 Ati#ni are ar fi "#t#t avealo ori#nde.
TRA-ER&E 9 $n ommon law "leading, a denial. Bhere a defendant denies any material allegation of fat
in the "laintiff)s delaration.
A >EGA 9 * negare in "ledoaria legii omm#ne. 'ind #n a#Jat neaga orie "retentie materiala as#"ra
fa"t#l#i din delaratia relamant#l#i.
TRE(!A(($>G 9 &nlawf#l interferene with one)s "erson, "ro"erty and rights.
INCALCARE 9 $nterferenta ilegala # "ersoana, "ro"rietatea, sa# dre"t#rile #iva.
TRIAL 9 A o#rt "roess in whih the iss#es of fat and law are heard and deided aording to legal
"roed#res so a A#diial offier or A#ry an ma=e a deision.
"ROCE& 9 &n "roes A#deatores in are "roblemele de fa"t si de lege s#nt a#diate si deise in de aord #
"roed#rile legale, astfel a #n ofiter A#diiar sa# #n A#ri# sa "oata l#a o diJie.
TRIAL DE NO-O 9 A new trial or retrial held in an a""ellate o#rt in whih the whole ase is heard as if
no trial had been heard in the lower o#rt or administrative ageny.
69O998 9 &n no# "roes sa# reA#deare tin#ta intr9o #rte a"elata in are intreg#l aJ este a#diat a si #m
A#deata n# s9ar fi tin#t inttr9#n trib#nal inferior sa# intr9o agentie administrativa.
TRIAL COURT 9 The first o#rt to onsider a ase, generally the s#"erior o#rt. 'om"are A!!ELLATE
'*&RT8.
TRI$UNAL JUDECATORE&C 9 !rim#l trib#nal are ia in onsiderare #n aJ, in general #rte
s#"erioara. 'om"ara # '#rtea A"elata.
TRIAL1 COURT 2$ENC,3 9 A trial where the A#ry is waived and the ase is seen before the A#dge alone.
TRI$UNAL JUDECATORE&C 2$ANCA3 9 &n "roes fara A#ri#, iar aJ#l este ad#s in fata
A#deator#l#i.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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TRIAL1 &"EED( 9 The (i;th Amendment of the 'onstit#tion g#arantees the a#sed to an immediate trial
in aordane with "revailing r#les, reg#lations and "roeedings of law.
JUDECATA RA"IDA 9 Amendament#l 7 din 'onstit#tie garanteaJa a a#Jat#l sa aiba o A#deata imediata
in de aord # reg#lile, reg#lamentele, legile si "roed#rile legale dominante.
TRIAL &TATU&/&ETTING CON%ERENCE 9 (ee !RETR$AL (E>TE>'E. 69
O998 9 DeJi !retrial (entene.
TRIER O% %ACT 9 Term inl#des the A#ry or the A#dge in a A#ry9waived trial, who have the obligation to
ma=e finding of fat rather than r#lings of law.
69O998 9 Termen#l inl#de A#ri#l si A#deator#l intr9#n "roes faraA#ri#, are a# obligatia sa stabileasa
fa"tele mai degraba deit sa ia deiJia legala.
TRO 9 (ee TE,!*RARN RE(TRA$>$>G *R%ER.
DeJi *rdin %e Restritie Tem"orar.
TROM$ETTA MOTION 9 A motion to s#""ress evidene for fail#re to "reserve the same.
MOTIUNEA TROM$ETTA 9 * moti#ne de a s#"rima evidenta in aJ#l in are aeasta n# "oate fi
reJervata.
TRUE $ILL 9 The endorsement made by a grand A#ry on a bill of inditment when it finds s#ffiient
evidene for trial on the harge alleged.
69O998 9 $m"#terniirea fa#ta de marele A#ri# intr9#n rehiJitori# ind gaseste evidenta s#fiienta "entr#
A#deare "e baJa a#Jatiei ad#se.
TRUE %INDING 9 The A#venile o#rt eq#ivalent of a g#ilty verdit.
69O998 9 Trib#nal#l A#venil ehivalent # verdit#l de vinovatie.
TRUE TE&T CO"( 9 A o"y of a o#rt do#ment given #nder the ler=)s seal, b#t not ertified.
69O998 9 &n do#ment legal dat # sigili#l f#ntionar#l#i dar are n# este a#toriJat.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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TRU&T 9 A legal devie #sed to manage real or "ersonal "ro"erty, established by one "erson 6the
G!N"# or $E""%#) for the benefit of another 6the &ENE'()(!*). A third "erson (the "+$"EE) or
the grantor manages the tr#st. $n Traffi 9 Tr#st is an ao#nt into whih bail is "osted to ins#re a""earane
or om"liane #ntil the ase is settled.
TUTELA 9 &n instr#ment legal folosit "entr# administrarea "ro"rietatii "ersonale sa# imobiliare stabilite de
o "ersoana in folos#l #iva 6benefiiar#l8. * a treia "ersoana 6t#telar#l8 sa# initiator#l, administreaJa t#tela.
$n Trafi t#tela este #n ont in are este inregistrata a#ti#nea "entr# a asig#ra a"aritia sa# onsimtamint#l
"ina ind aJ#l este reJolvat.
TRU&T AGREEMENT OR DECLARATION 9 The legal do#ment that sets #" a tr#st.
INTELEGERE A&U"RA TUTELEI &AU DECLARATIE 9 &n do#ment legal "rin are se stabileste o
t#tela.
TRU&TEE 9 The "erson or instit#tion that manages the "ro"erty "#t in tr#st.
MARTOR RENEGAT 9 &n martor a ar#i mart#rie se astea"ta a fi favorabila, dar in final se dovedeste a fi
#n martor adversar.
UNCON&CIONA$ILIT( 9 An absene of meaningf#l hoie on the "art of one of the "arties to a
ontrat, and ontrat terms whih are #nreasonably favorable to the other "arty.
NECUNO&TINTA DE CAU0A 9 Li"sa semnifiativa de o"ti#ne din "artea #neia dintre "arti a
ontrat#l#i, si termini ai ontrat#l#i are s#nt nereJonabil favorabili eleilalte "arti.
UNCON&TITUTIONAL 9 That whih is ontrary to or in onflit with the federal or state onstit#tions.
NECON&TITUTIONAL 9 'eea e este ontrari# sa# in onflit # onstit#tia federala sa# de stat.
UNDERCO-ER 9 A "erson "artii"ating in a seret investigation in order to aq#ire information abo#t the
rime witho#t the other "arty realiJing their identity.
&U$ ACO"ERIRE 9 * "ersoana are "artii"a la o investigatie sereta # so"#l de a obtine o informatie
as#"ra #nei infrati#ni fara a ealalta "arte sa9i #noasa adevarata identitate.
UNDERTA)ING 9 A "romise given d#ring legal "roeedings by a "arty or his attorney, #s#ally as a
ondition of getting some onession from the o#rt or third "arty.
69O998 9 * "romisi#ne data in tim"#l #nei "roed#ri legale #nei "arti de atre avoat#l sa#, in general a si o
onditie a obtinerii #nei onesii de la trib#nal sa# de la o a treia "arte.
UNDUE IN%LUENCE 9 Bhen someone "ress#res the "erson ma=ing a will 6alled testator8 to inl#de or
leave o#t "eo"le or things from his or her will. This an be a reason to hallenge a will.
IN%LUENTA NE"OTRI-ITA 9 'ind ineva oliga o "ersoana are fae testament#l 6testatar8 sa inl#de
sa# sa e;l#da oameni sa# l#r#ri din testament#l sa#. Aesta "oate fi #n motiv "entr# a testa #n testament.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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UNDER T,E IN%LUENCE 9 Any abnormal mental or "hysial ondition whih is the res#lt of ind#lging
in any degree in into;iating liq#ors, and whih tends to de"rive one of that learness of intellet and
ontrol of himself whih he wo#ld otherwise "ossess.
&U$ IN%LUENTA 9 *rie onditie anormala mentala sa# fiJia are este reJ#ltat#l ons#m#l#i de ba#t#ri
into;iante si are tinde sa sa "riveJe abilitatea de a gindi lar si de a se ontrola, "e are o "ersoana ar
"oseda9o in mod normal.
UNEM"LO(MENT 9 (tate or ondition of not being em"loyed.
&OMAJ 9 (tarea sa# onditia de a n# fi angaAat.
UNILATERAL 9 *ne9sided, or having a relation to only one of two or more "ersons or things. 69
O998 9 !artinitor sa# are are relatie # o sing#ra "ersoana sa# l#r#, dintre do#a sa# mai m#lte.
UNJU&T ENRIC,MENT1 DOCTRINE O% 9 The "rini"le that one "erson sho#ld not be "ermitted to
#nA#stly enrih himself at the e;"ense of another, b#t sho#ld be req#ired to ma=e restit#tion for the "ro"erty
or benefit reeived.
DOCTRINAIM$OGATIRIINEDRE"TE 9 !rini"i#l a #nei "ersoane n# ar treb#i sa $ se "ermita sa se
imbogateasa nedre"t, "e s"atele #iva, dar ar treb#i sa $ se eara sa restit#ie "ro"rietatea sa# benefii#l
"rimit.
UNLA*%UL A&&EM$L( 9 At ommon law, the meeting together of three or more "ersons, to the
dist#rbane of the "#bli "eae, and with the intention of forible and violent e;e#tion of some #nlawf#l
"rivate enter"rise.
ADUNARE ILEGALA 9 $n legea om#na, intilnirea dintre trei sa# mai m#lte "ersoane, are "ert#rba "aea
"#blia si # intentia de a intre"rinde eva "rivat ilegal # forta, in mod violent.
UNLA*%UL DETAINER 9 The evition "a"ers 6(#mmons and 'om"laint8 that a landlord gives a tenant.
DETINATOR ILEGAL 9 %o#mentele de eva#are "e are #n "ro"rietar le da hirias#l#i.
UNRU, CI-IL RIG,T& ACT 9 This law "rovides "rotetion from disrimination by all b#siness
establishments in 'alifornia, inl#ding ho#sing and "#bli aommodations, bea#se of age, anestry, olor,
disability, national origin, rae, religion, se;, or se;#al orientation.
69O998 9 Aeasta lege asig#ra "rotetia im"otriva disriminarii de atre toate intre"rinderile din 'alifornia,
inl#Jind aomodari "#blie si "rivate, datorita virstei, obirsiei, #lorii, debilitatii, originii nationale, rasei,
religiei, se;#l#i, sa# orientarii se;#ale.
English/Romanian Legal Glossary
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&>(E'&RE% 9 $n ban=r#"ty "roeedings, for the "#r"oses of filing a laim, a laim is #nse#red if there
is no ollateral, or to the e;tent the val#e of ollateral is less than the amo#nt of the debt.
%ARA GARANTIE 9 $n "roed#rile de faliment "entr# so"#l deshiderii #n#i "roes, aJ#l este fara
garantie daa n# e;ista garantie s#"lementara, sa# in mas#ra in are valoarea asig#rarii olaterale este mai
mia deit valoarea s#mei.
&(&RN9 'harging a higher interest rate or higher fees than the law allows.
69O998 9 !retentia #nei rate de dobinda mai mare sa# amenJi mai mari deit "revede legea.
UTTER T To #se or to attem"t to #se a he=, draft, or order to either 638 assert that it is gen#ine, or 6.8
re"resent to another "erson that it is gen#ine.
A "UNE IN CIRCULATIE 9 A folosi sa# a inera sa folosesti #n e, shita, sa# ordin fie de a onfirma
a eva este adevarat, fie de a "ereJenta #nei alte "ersoane a este adevarat.
-ACATE 9 To render an at voidC to set aside. A
EDA'&A 9 A an#la #n at. A "#ne de o "arte.
-AGRANC( 9 The state or manner of living by wandering from "lae to "lae witho#t a home, Aob, or
means of s#""ort.
-AGA$ONDAJ 9 (tarea sa# obisn#inta de a ratai de la #n lo la alt#l fara o asa, servii#, sa# alte
miAloae de intretinere.
-ANDALI&M 9 Billf#l or maliio#s ats that are intended to damage or destroy "#bli or "rivate
"ro"erty.
-ANDALI0M 9 Ate ra#taioase si voite "rin are se intentioneaJa vatamarea si distr#gerea "ro"rietatii
"#blie sa# "rivate.
-E,ICULAR ,OMICIDE 9 'a#sed by the illegal o"eration of a motor vehile. Eoth intentional
ond#t and negligene maybe the basis for s#h harge tho#gh stat#tes vary from state to state as to the
elements of the rime.
UCIDERE CU -E,ICOLUL 9 'a#Jat de o"erearea ilegala a #n#i a#tovehiol. Atit ond#ita it si
negliAenta intentionata "ot fi onsiderate baJa "entr# asemenea a#Jatie # toate a stat#tele se deosebes de
la stat la stat in e "riveste elementele infrati#nii.
-ENIRE 9 %esribes the whole gro#" of "eo"le alled for A#ry d#ty from whih the A#rors are seleted.
Latin meaning <to ome.<
69O998 9 %esrie intreg#l gr#" de oameni invitat "entr# a fae "arte din A#ri# si din are s#nt seletati A#ratii.
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DE>&E 9 The o#rt where yo# an file yo#r ation.
JURI&DICTIE 9 Trib#nal#l #nde se deshide o ati#ne.
-ERDICT 9 A A#ry)s or a A#dge)s final deision.
69O998 9 %eiJia finala a #n#i A#ri# sa# A#deator.
-ERI%ICATION 9 An oral or written statement, #s#ally made #nder oath, saying that something is tr#e.
CON%IRMARE 9 * delaratie orala sa# srisa fa#ta de obiei s#b A#ramint s"#nind a eva este
adevarat.
-E/ATIOU& LITIGANT 9 A "erson shown to re"eatedly file legal ations that have little or no merit.
&ICANATOR 9 * "ersoana are deshide ati#ni legale re"etate are a# "#tina sa# n# a# nii o baJa.
-ICARIOU& RE&"ON&I$ILIT( 9 Ating or serving in "lae of someone or something else.
RE&"ON&A$ILITATE DE &U$&TITUTIE 9 A ationa sa# a servi in lo#l alt#ia sa# "entr# eva.
-ICTIM 9 A "erson who is the obAet of a rime or ivil wrongdoing. -ICTIMA 9
* "ersoana are este obiet#l #nei infrati#ni sa# al #n#i ra# ivil.
-ICTIM IM"ACT &TATEMENT 9 A statement d#ring sentening whih informs the A#dge of the
im"at of the rime on the vitim or the vitim)s family.
DECLARATIA CU IM"ACT A&U"RA -ICTIMEI 9 %elaratia din tim"#l sentintei are il informeaJa "e
A#deator des"re im"at#l infrati#nii as#"ra vitimei sa# familiei vitimei.
-IOLATION 9 A breah of a right, d#ty, or law.
-IOLARE 9 $nalarea dre"t#l#i datoriei sa# legii.
-IOLATION O% "RO$ATION 9 A new allegation against a defendant for non9om"liane with a
"revio#s "robation ondition related to a riminal sentene.
-IOLAREA "RO$ARII 9 * no#a alegatie im"otriva relamat#l#i "entr# a n# s9a onformat # onditia
#nei "robari anterioare legate de o sentinta infrationala.
-I&ITATION 9 Times when the "arent who does not have #stody is with the hildren and is res"onsible for
them.
-I0ITARE 9 !erioadele de tim" ind "arintele are n# are #stodia se afla im"re#na # o"iii si este
res"onsabil "entr# ei.
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.-OIR DIRE. 9 The "roess of q#estioning "otential A#rors to hoose the "eo"le who will deide a ase.
Latin meaning <to s"ea= the tr#th.<
69O998 9 !roes#l hestionarii "otentialilor A#rati "entr# a alege "ersoanele are vor deide aJ#l. $n Latina
inseamna <a s"#ne adevar#l.<
-OLUNTAR( ARRAIGNMENT LETTER 9 A notie sent by the %istrit Attorney to a defendant
indiating date, time and de"artment for a""earane in o#rt on newly filed harges for whih there is no
signed "romise to a""ear.
&CRI&OARE -OLUNTARA DE DARE IN JUDECATA 9 * nota trimisa de avoat#l de distrit #n#i
relamat indiind data, ora si de"artament#l #nde treb#ie sa a"ara la trib#nal "entr# a#Jatiil no# ad#se
"entr# are n# e;ista nii o "romisi#ne de a"aritie.
-OLUNTAR( MAN&LAUG,TER 9 'ommitted vol#ntarily d#ring a heated momentC for e;am"le,
d#ring a s#dden q#arrel, two "ersons fight, and one of them =ills the other.
UCIDERE -OLUNTARA 9 'omisa vol#ntar in tim"#l #n#i moment de inalJireC de e;. $n tim"#l #nei
erte instantanee, do#a "ersoane se bat si #na o #ide "e ealalta.
-OLUNTAR( UNDERTA)ING& 9 An at #nonstrained by interfereneC s"ontaneo#sC or of oneself.
ACTIUNI-OLUNTARE 9 &n at are n# este onstrins "rin interferentaC s"ontanC de sine.
*AI-E 2RIG,T&3 9 To give #" a legal right vol#ntarily, intentionally, and with f#ll =nowledge of the
onseq#enes.
RENUNTARE 2A DRE"TURILOR3 9 A ren#nta la #n dre"t in mod vol#ntar, intentionat si # de"lina
#nostinta a onseintelor.
*AI-ER AND E&TO""EL 9 Dol#ntary s#rrender of some =nown right, benefit, or advantage.
E0ITARE &I E/CLUDERE 9 (#"#nerea vol#ntara a #n#i dre"t #nos#t, benefii# sa#avantaA.
*AI-ER O% IMMUNIT( 9 A means a#thoriJed by stat#te by whih a witness, before testifying or
"rod#ing evidene, may relinq#ish the right to ref#se to testify against himself or herself, ma=ing it
"ossible for his or her testimony to be #sed against him or her in f#t#re "roeedings.
RENUNTAREA LA IMUNITATE 9 ,etoda a#toriJata "rin stat#t "rin are #n martor, inainte de
mart#risire sa# de "rod#erea evidentei, "oate sa ren#nte la dre"t#l de a ref#Ja sa mart#riseasa im"otriva sa
insasi, faind a mart#ria sa sa fie folosita im"otriva sa in "roed#rile viitoare.
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*ARD 9 A minor who is #nder the are and ontrol of the o#rt instead of the "arents. T&TELA
9 &n minor are este s#b ingriAirea si ontrol#l trib#nal#l#i in lo de el al "arintilor.
*ARD O% T,E COURT 9 A "erson #nder the age of 32 when he/she violates a riminal law or
ordinane. The minor is #nder the are and s#"ervision of the o#rt.
TUTELA TRI$UNALULUI 9 !ersoana s#b virsta de 32 ani ind violeaJa o lege infrationala sa#
ordonanta. ,inor#l este s#b griAa si s#"ravegherea trib#nal#l#i.
*ARRANT 9 A o#rt order telling an offier to do something.
MANDAT 9 &n ordin al trib#nal#l#i s"#nind #n#i oiter sa faa eva.
*ARRANT1 ARRE&T 9 'ommands a "eae offier to arrest and bring before the o#rt the "erson
a#sed of an offense for "#r"ose of ommening legal ation.
MANDAT DE ARE&T 9 $i ordona #n#i ofiter sa aresteJe si sa ad#a inaintea trib#nal#l#i o "ersoana
a#Jata de #n delit in so"#l ine"erii ati#nii legale.
*ARRANT1 &EARC, 9 A written order direting a law enforement offier to ond#t a searh of a
s"eified "lae and to seiJe any evidene diretly related to the riminal offense.
MANDAT DE CERCETARE 9 &n ordin sris erind ofiter#l#i legii sa ond#a o an#mita eretare a
#n#i lo an#me sis a ad#ne orie evidenta diret legata de delit#l infrational.
*EA"ON 9 An instr#ment #sed or designed to be #sed to threaten, inA#re or =ill someone.
ARMA 9 &n instr#ment folosit sa# desemnat sa fie folosi "entr# a ameninta, vatama, sa# a omori "e
ineva.
*EA"ON1 CONCEALED 9 A wea"on that is arried by a "erson, b#t that is not visible by ordinary
observation.
ARMA A&CUN&A 9 * arma detin#ta de o "ersoana are n# este viJibila sa# la vedere.
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*EA"ON1 DEADL( 9 A wea"on, devie, instr#ment, material or s#bstane, whether animate or
inanimate, whih if #sed as it is #sed or intended to be #sed is =nown to be a"able of "rod#ing death or
serio#s bodily inA#ry.
ARMA %ATALA 9 * arma, #n a"arat, instr#ment, material sa# s#bstanta, fie animate sa# neanimata, are
daa este folosita sa# se intentioneaJa sa fie folosita, se stie a este a"abila de a "rod#e moartea sa#
vatamarea serioasa tr#"easa.
*EIG,T O% T,E E-IDENCE 9 The "ers#asiveness of ertain evidene when om"ared with other
evidene that is "resented.
GREUTATEA E-IDENTEI 9 !#terea de onvingere a #nei an#mite evidente ind este om"arata # alta
evidente "reJentate.
*,EELER MOTION 9 A motion to dismiss a A#ry "anel d#e to the "rose#tion)s e;l#sion of a
"arti#lar lass of "eo"le 6i.e. bla= A#rors, women, et.8.
69O998 9 * moti#ne de a diJolva lista A#ratilor datorita e;l#derii de atre a#Jare, a #nei lase de oameni in
"arti#lar 6A#rati negri, femei, et.8.
*ILL 9 A legal "a"er that says what a "erson wants to ha""en to his or her "ersonal "ro"erty after the
"erson dies. A will an be hanged or anelled at any time before a "erson dies. 6(ee TE(TA,E>T.8
TE&TAMENT 9 &n do#ment legal are s"#ne e vrea o "ersoana sa se intim"le # "ro"rietatea
"ersonala d#"a moarte. &n testament "oate sa fie shimbat sa# an#lat oriind inainte de moartea "ersoanei.
6DeJi Testament8.
*ILL%UL 9 A <willf#l< at is one done intentionally, as disting#ished from an at done arelessly or
inadvertently.
-OIT 9 &n at <voit< este #n#l fa#t intentionat si se deosebeste de#n at fa#t din negliAenta sa#
inadvertenta.
*IT, "REJUDICE 9 A""lied to orders of A#dgment dismissing a ase, meaning that the "laintiff is
forever barred from bringing a laws#it on the same laim or a#se.
CU "REJUDICIU 9 A"liate la ordinele de A#deata are diJolva #n aJ, isemnind a relamant#l#i $ se
interJie sa mai deshida vre#n "roes baJat "e aeiasi "lingere sa# a#Ja.
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*IT,OUT "REJUDICE 9 Bhen rights or "rivileges are not waived or lost. $f yo#r ase is dismissed
witho#t "reA#die it means that there an be a new ase abo#t the same thing.
%ARA "REJUDICIU 9 'ind n# se ren#nta la dre"t#ri sa# la "rivilegii si aestea n# s#nt "ierd#te. 'ind
"roes#l ta# este diJolvat fara "reA#dii# inseamna a "oate sa e;iste #n alt aJ referitor la aelasi l#r#.
*ITNE&& 9 3. A "erson alled testify abo#t what he or she saw, heard, or =nows. .. To sign yo#r name to
a do#ment for the "#r"ose of a#thentiity.
MARTOR 9 38 * "ersoana hemata sa de"#na mart#rie des"re eea e a vaJ#t, a#Jit, sa# #noaste. .8 A
semna n#mele "e #n do#ment # so"#l de a#tentiitate.
*ITNE&& &TAND 9 The s"ae in the o#rtroom o#"ied by a witness while testifying.
$O/A MARTORULUI 9 ("ati#l din sala de A#deata o#"at de #n martor in tim"#l de"#nerii mart#riei.
*ITNE&&1 DE%EN&E 9 A non9hostile witness that is alled by the defense o#nsel to assist in "roving
the defense)s ase.
MARTORUL A"ARARII 9 &n martor neostil are este hemat de atre avoat#l a"ararii a sa aA#te la
dovedirea aJ#l#i a"ararii.
*ITNE&&1 E/"ERT 9 P#alified by =nowledge, s=ill, e;"eriene, training or ed#ation to "rovide a
sientifi, tehnial or s"eialiJed o"inion of the s#bAet abo#t whih he or she is to testify. That =nowledge
m#st not be generally "ossessed by the average "erson.
MARTOR E/"ERT 9 'alifiat "rin #nostinta, a"tit#dine, e;"erienta, instr#ire si ed#atie de a oferi o
o"inie stiintifia, tehnia sa# s"eialiJata legata de s#biet#l des"re are va treb#i s mart#riseasa. Aeasta
#nostinta n# treb#ie sa fie "osedata in general de o "ersoana obisn#ita.
*ITNE&&1 ,O&TILE 9 An #noo"erative witness.
MARTOR O&TIL 9 &n martor are n# oo"ereaJa.
*ITNE&&1 MATERIAL 9 A witness who an give testimony relating to a "arti#lar matter that very few
others, if any, an give.
MARTOR MATERIAL 9 &n martor are de"#ne mart#rie legata de o animta "roblema "e are foarte
"#tini sa# "oate nimeni altineva n# "oate sa o ofere.
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*ITNE&&1 "RO&ECUTION 9 The "erson whose om"laint begins a riminal "rose#tion and whose
testimony is mainly relied on to se#re a onvition at the trial.
MARTORUL ACU0ARII 9 !ersoana a arei "lingere ine"e o a#Jare infrationala si" e a arei
mart#rie se baJeaJa "entr# a se asig#a ondamnarea la A#deata.
*O$$LER 9 A felony whih "rovides either a o#nty Aail sentene or a state "rison ommitment and
whih an be held to answer as a felony or a misdemeanor.
"ER&OANA &O-AIELNICA 9 &n delit are atrage d#"a sine o sentinta in inhisoarea de A#det sa# o
ondamnare la inhisoarea de stat, si are "oate fi detin#t "entr# a ras"#nde a delit sa# rima.
*OR) %URLOUG, 9 A orretional "rogram whih allows inmates, "rimarily one)s being readied for
disharge, to leave the instit#tion for the "#r"ose of ontin#ing reg#lar em"loyment d#ring the daytime b#t
re"orting ba= on nights and wee=ends.
"ERMI&IUNE DE LUCRU 9 &n "rogram orretional are le "ermite detin#tilor in "rim#l rind elor
are s#nt gata "entr# eliberare, de a "arasi instit#tia # so"#l d a ontin#a o sl#Aba obisn#ita in tim"#l Jilei,
dar are treb#ie sa ra"orteJe serile si sfirsit#rie de sa"tamina.
*OR) "ROJECT 9 !rogram allowing sentened "erson the o"tion of "erforming labor instead of Aail
time.
"ROIECT DE LUCRU 9 !rogram "ermitind "ersoanei ondamnate sa m#neasa in lo sa serveasa tim"
in inhisoare.
*RA" AROUND &ER-ICE& 9 ("eialiJed and intensive soial and health servies for families with
hildren on#rrently residing in a gro#" home or at ris= of entering a gro#" home, designed to red#e the
level of foster are or failitate the "laement of a hild with his/her "arent instead of foster are.
69O998 9 (erviii s"eialiJate si intensive, soiale si de sanatate "entr# familii are a# o"ii are lo#ies intr9o
om#nitate sa# in resind sa intre intr9o astfel de om#nitate, desemnta sa red#a nivel#l de ingriAire sa# sa
#s#reJe "lasament#l #n#i o"il # "arintii sai, in lo de ado"ti#ne.
*RIT 9 A o#rt order that says ertain ation m#st be ta=en.
MANDAT 9 &n ordin de trib#nal are s"#ne a treb#ie l#ata o an#mita ati#ne.
*RIT O% E/ECUTION 9 A o#rt order that tells the sheriff to enfore a A#dgment.
MANDAT DE E/ECUTIE 9 &n ordin al trib#nal#l#i are ere serif#l#i sa im"#na o an#mita sentinta.
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BR$T *F ,A>%ATE 9 A "etition #sed to om"el the o#rt, offier, or ageny to "erform a d#ty
req#ired by law or to om"el a o#rt to ass#me A#risdition and e;erise its disretion after its ref#sal to at.
,A>%AT *EL$GAT*R$& 9 * "etitie folosita "entr# a obliga trib#nal#l, ofiter#l sa# agentia de a
inde"lini o datorie er#ta de lege sa# sa oblige trib#nal#l sa9si ass#me A#risditia si sa9si e;erite abilitatea,
d#"a e a ref#Jat sa ationeJe.
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