Scribd
Upload
3K views7 pages

20 Reform Eras - Fill-In Timeline

A timeline chart for teachers to use to help students review and understand key eras of social reform in American history. Useful for helping students review for the AP US History exam.

Uploaded by

jreznick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views7 pages

20 Reform Eras - Fill-In Timeline

A timeline chart for teachers to use to help students review and understand key eras of social reform in American history. Useful for helping students review for the AP US History exam.

Uploaded by

jreznick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

AP United States History

288

Reform Charts

Name _____________________

Reform Periods Jacksonian

REFORM AREA
Education

Womens' Rights

GOALS

ACCOMPLISHMENTS

KEY PEOPLE

- Establish free, tax-supported public schools - built private schools & colleges
- Horace Mann
- standardized textbooks (McGuffey Reader) - Noah Webster
for children of all classes
- free common schools (in most of N. Eng.)
- Instruct children in morality (based on
- William McGuffey
Christian, Protestant ideals)
- Establish non-denominational colleges &
normal schools (teacher training)
- property rights for married women
- fairer treatment
- voting rights
- (many were also involved in abol.
movement)

Temperance

- persuade drinkers to pledge total


abstinence (teetotalers)
- practical, helpful treatment of the disease
- reduce social problems caused by alcohol
- create a sober, industrious, Christian
society

Extension of
Democracy

- greater democratic participation, removing


property restrictions for voting/officeholders
- universal white male suffrage
- replacement of congressional caucuses
with open primary elections

- Seneca Falls Convention (1848), "Decl. of


Sentiments"
- College admissions & women's colleges
(like Mount Holyoke)
- property rights laws amended
- Grimke's "Letter on the Condition of Women
& the Equality of the Sexes"

- Sarah & Angelina


Grimke
- Lucretia Mott
- Elizabeth Cady
Stanton
- Susan B. Anthony

- temperance became a path to middle class - American Temperrespectability


ance Society
- laid the foundation for prohibition
- "Washingtonians"
- Maine enacted first prohibition law
- Lyman Beecher
- Sylvester Graham

- nearly universal white manhood suffrage


- party nominating conventions (1840)

- Andrew Jackson
- Martin Van Buren

- Garrison, Douglass
- Harriet Tubman
- Sojourner Truth
- Wm. Still
- Davids: Ruggles,
Walker, Garnet
- Elijah Lovejoy

Anti-Slavery
Movement

- abolition (some immediate, others


moderate: compensated emancipation)
- limit spread of slavery
- help free blacks

- Underground Railroad helped slaves


escape
- American Colonization Society helped
small number of blacks resettle
- The Liberator, The North Star, & other
abolitionist papers

Prisons

- Bring reform thru structure & discipline


- Mental health care, more humane
treatment of criminals & the insane
- tax-funded institutions

- construction of penitentiaries
- Auburn system in NY
- reformed prisons in New England
- new mental hospitals
- professional treatment and state funding
for mental health institutions

- Dorothea Dix

- institutions founded to help physically


disabled (Gallaudet University)

- Thomas Gallaudet
- Dr. Samuel Gridley
Howe

&
Asylums

Wards of the State

289

Reform Period Charts

Reform Periods Reconstruction


& Gilded Age

REFORM AREA
Treatment of
Freedmen

Poltical Corruption

Labor Movement

Farmers

GOALS
- reparations or at least opportunity for
economic independ., 40 acres and a mule
- protection from abuse by violent whites
- education, basic civil rights

ACCOMPLISHMENTS
- Reconstruction Amendments (13-15)
- Civil Rights Act (1866, 71, 75)
- Reconstruction Acts (1867)
- Freedmen's Bureau
- Ku Klux Klan Act (1871)

- prevent machine politics & urban bossism - settlement house movement


- prevent patronage in politics
- Pendleton Act (1883, Civil Service Reform
- for Southerners during Reconstruction,
Act)
to reduce the influence of Republican
- "Redemption" in the south
reconstructors (nicknamed "carpetbaggers,
scalawags") and restore white Southern
local self-rule

- higher wages
- better working conditions
- abolition of child labor
- limit working hours
- limit influence of trusts
- radicals: broad social programs and a
more interventionist role for govt
- radicals: new social contract and redistribution of wealth

- 8 hour workday in many states


- strikes (1877 RR, Homestead 1892,
Pullman 1894)
- rise of labor unions (but limited by gov't,
strikebreakers, scabs, and court injunctions)
- Danbury Hatters case (1902)
- not many gains in this era

- lower fees for freight, storage, grain elevators


- lower tariffs
- inflationary monetary policies (such as
"free silver" policy of bimetallism)
- new banking system to extend credit
more freely to farmers

- successfully lobbied state legislatures &


Congress to pass Granger Laws
(required RRs to publish fares, Interstate
Commerce Commission estab'd by the
eponymous act)
- didn't get US off of the gold standard, but
1898 discovery of gold in AK relieved
farmers in debt, led to inflation

KEY PEOPLE
- Thaddeus Stevens
- Ulysses S. Grant
- Charles Sumner
- Benjamin Wade
- Henry Winter Davis
- Andrew Johnson
- Jane Addams
- Boss Tweed
- Frances Perkins
(worked in Hull House
but later)
- Jay Gould (Credit
Mobilier Scandal)
- James Blaine,
"half-breeds," "mugwumps," "stalwarts"
- Roscoe Conkling
- Eugene Debs, IWW
- Samuel Gompers, AFL
- Mother Jones
- Terence Powderly,
KOL

- Southern Farmers'
Alliance
- National Grange

290

AP United States History

Reform Periods Populism


REFORM AREA
Extension of
Democracy

GOALS

KEY PEOPLE

- Restoration of the government


to the people
- Direct popular election of US
senators
- Enacting of state laws by voters
through referendum and
initiatives

Regulation of the
Economy - Business - Free silver: unlimited coinage

of silver (inflationary policy) to


increase money supply
- Graduated income tax
- Eight-hour workday (for industrial
workers)
- Loans and federal warehouses for
farmers

Regulation of the
Economy Transportation/
Communication

ACCOMPLISHMENTS

- Sherman Antitrust Act, outlawed


combinations in restraint of trade
- Sherman Silver Purchase Act of
1890

- Thomas Watson

- Railroad regulation: Munn v. Illinois


- Public ownership of railroads by
(but overturned by Wabash case)
the US government
- Requiring RRs to publish their rates
and to stop offering rebates to
corporate customers
- Telegraph and telephone
systems owned and operated by
the gov't

Social Issues

291

Reform Period Charts

Reform Periods Progressivism


REFORM AREA
Extension of
Democracy

Honesty and
Efficiency in
Government

GOALS
- direct election of senators
- women's suffrage

ACCOMPLISHMENTS
- 17th & 19th Amendments
- recall, voter initiative, and
referendum laws in many states

- reduce influence of business on - Muckrakers in McLure's and


politics
Harper's exposed corruption
- end "spoils" & patronage in
- Municipal Government Reform
politics
- end corruption

KEY PEOPLE
- Susan B. Anthony
- Carrie Chapman
Catt

- Robert LaFollette

Regulation of the - reduce influence of monopolies - Clayton Anti-Trust Act: strengthened


Sherman Antitrust Act to break
Economy - Business
& trusts

monopolies (instead of labor unions)

- ensure safe food & drugs were - Elkins Act, Mann-Elkins Act, Hepburn
available to the public

Act
- 1906 Meat Inspection Act
- 1907 Pure Food & Drug Act
- FTC: policed unfair trade practice
- Child Labor Act

Regulation of the
Economy Transportation/
Communication

Social Issues

- Anthracite Coal Strike: TR mediates


union and government
- Federal Farm Loan Act: established
regional federal farm loan banks
- Establishment of NAACP
- National American Woman Suffrage
Association (NAWSA), National Women's
Party, League of Women Voters

- W. E. B. Du Bois
- Booker T.
Washington
- Alice Paul

Conservation

292

AP United States History

Reform Periods First New Deal


REFORM AREA
Unemployed

RELIEF ACTIONS

RECOVERY ACTIONS

REFORM ACTIONS

- National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)


- Public Work Administration (PWA) work
relief programs for roads and public buildings reduce unemployment by spreading jobs
as thinly as possible, reduce competition,
- Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) jobs for
regulate wages and hours
young men in forestry, flood control,
- Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA): gov'tconservation
owned company built schools, dams,
- Emergency Relief Appropriations Act: work
power plants, and other businesses
programs

Labor

Farmers

Banking/
Stock Market

- Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA): paid


farmers to reduce production and gave
aid
- Farm Credit Administration: lowinterest farm loans and mortgages to
indebted farmers

- Bank Holiday

- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation


(FDIC): insures bank deposits to
encourage people to use banks

- Glass-Steagall Act: requires


banks to disclose their
behavior
- Security and Exchange Act:
creates Securities &
Exchange Commission (SEC)
to police stock market

Business
Enterprises

Children/
Elderly

Government

- Federal Emergency Relief


Administration (FERA) gave federal
money to the states and cities for
aid

293

Reform Period Charts

Reform Periods Second New Deal


REFORM AREA
RELIEF ACTIONS
Unemployed - Works Progress Administration: hired

RECOVERY ACTIONS

REFORM ACTIONS

manual laborers to build roads,


bridges, public buildings (included
Federal Arts Project)

Labor

- National Labor Relations Act (Wagner


Act): creates NLRB, grants legal
recognition to unions, allows unions to
bargain collectively

- Fair Labor Standards Act:


minimum wage level (25
cents per hour)
- work week of 44 hours
- child labor banned
- rise of CIO

Farm

Banking/
Stock Market

Business
Enterprises

Children/
Elderly

- Social Security Act: gov't


pension payments to the
elderly, unemployed,
disabled, blind, and
dependent mothers/
children

Government

AP United States History

294

Reform Periods Great Society


REFORM AREA
Civil Rights

Poverty

Education

Elderly

Healthcare

GOALS

ACCOMPLISHMENTS

- 1964 Civil Rights Act


- end legal segregation
- Voting Right Act of 1965
- ensure fair political representation of
- Equal Employment Opportunity
minorities
Commission (EEOC)
- end de facto segregation (in
workplace, housing, schooling)
- 24th Amendment (bans poll taxes)

- Unconditional War on Poverty:


aid the 40 mil Americans below
poverty line (The Other America, 1962)
- Training to get people out of
poverty permanently (not simply
handouts but also vocational,
educational training)

- Office of Economic Opportunity


- Billion-dollar budget to attack the
poverty problem
- community action programs
- reduction of # of American families
living in poverty
- Medicaid/Medicare expansion
Model Cities-renovation of city slums
VISTA, Job Corps

- Education to aid the war on poverty


- Alleviate gap in quality of education
between regions

- Head Start (1964), edu/health for low-income


children (longest-running program to address
pov in history)
- Increased funding for schools
- Elementary and Secondary
Education Act of 1965
- Higher Education Act of 1965
- Bilingual Education Act of 1968
- National Endowment for the Arts, National
Endowment for the Humanities

- provide healthcare and support for the


elderly

- Medicare (1965), federal funding for


healthcare costs of elderly

KEY PEOPLE
- MLK
- Stokely Carmichael
- Malcolm X
- James L. Farmer
- Medgar Evers

- Sargent Shriver
- Michael Harrington

- Education commissioner Francis


Keppel

- Medicare & Medicaid

You might also like