ASTM A 312/A 312M - 95a

Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

This specification covers austenitic steel pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive service. H grades in the chemical
composition table are specifically for high temperature service.

Dimensions and Tolerances

Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified, subject to manufacturing limitations. Minimum wall
thickness pipe is also covered as a supplementary requirement.
Tolerances. ASTM pipe

Manufacture

Materials. Refer to chemical composition table.

Manufacture. In order to comply with this specification the pipe must be manufactured by an automatic welding process using no
filler metal, or it must be a seamless pipe. If a welded pipe has a nominal pipe size greater than 14 then it may be constructed from
two longitudinal sections, and hence have two longitudinal welds. The pipe may be either hot finished or cold finished.
Heat treatment. Refer to heat treatment table and supplementary requirement S6.
Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturers make or brand, specification number, WR if weld repaired, NPS and schedule,
NH if no hydrotesting performed, ET if eddy-current tested, UT if ultrasonic tested. (NPS = Nominal Pipe Size.)

Finish and Repair

Finish. The surface of the pipe must be clean and free of scale and contaminating iron particles. It can be bright annealed but may
be pickled, blasted or can be passivated.
Repair by welding. Permitted on <20% of the weld seam length of welded pipe if >NPS 6 and having a wall thickness >0.200 in
(mm). Tungsten-arc welding process is used for repairs, with filler metal to a grade as specified in A 312 (not repeated here). Weld
repairs must be identified on the pipe and in test certificate.

Mandatory Testing

Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test. One test made on a specimen for lots of less than 100 pipes. Two tests made for
greater lots.
Flattening Test. 5% of pipe will be treated and at least 2 pipes from heat treated lot. For welded pipe, transverse guided face bend
test may be conducted in place of flattening test.
Grain Size Examination. The following grades will be subjected to grain size determinations, with 5% of the pipe being examined:
TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H, TP310HCb grain size No 6 or coarser, UNS S32615 - grain size No 3 or finer.
Hydrostatic Test. Each pipe will be tested unless the pipe exceeds NPS 10 and the purchaser has agreed, or has agreed to
alternative Nondestructive testing.
Nondestructive Examination. All processing must be completed before testing. Either Ultrasonic (Practice E 213) or Eddy Current
(Practice E 426) testing may be used, or both. The operator must be qualified. A reference standard must be employed to regularly
calibrate the testing equipment. Guidance regarding the reference standards, detailed in A 312, is not included in this summary.

Ordering Information
Item

Quantity

Notes
ASTM A 312/A 312M-95a
Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall
thickness.
Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths.

Name of material

Austenitic stainless steel pipe

Process

Seamless or welded

Grade

Selected from chemical composition table

End finish

Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or

other end finishes can be specified.
DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party
witness test) at extra cost
Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S8

Specification number
Size

Test report
Options and supplementary requirements

Note -The above table is based on ASTM requirements except with regard to alternative end finishes and test reports, where standard
practice options are added. See also page 10-2 for ISO based ordering and general delivery information.

Optional and Supplementary Requirements

Chemical analysis of one billet or one length of flat rolled stock from each heat may be performed if required by purchaser.
Hydrostatic, eddy-current or ultrasonic testing.
Discontinuities. The type, size, location, orientation, of discontinuities that are of interest during NDT may be specified.
Hot or cold finishing.
Passivating treatment may be requested.
Surface Finish. Bright annealed or other surface finish.
Pipe Marking. The weight may be requested for pipe >NPS4.
S1 Product Analysis. NPS 5 and larger one analysis for each ten lengths from each heat of
steel. NPS smaller than 5 then only 10% need be tested.
S1 Tranverse Tension Tests. NPS 8 and larger can have one transverse tension test on 10% of lengths per he at of steel.
S1 Flattening Test. A flattening test will be made on a specimen from one or both ends of each pipe. The number of tests per pipe
needs to be specified.
S1 Etching Tests. Etching tests show the homogeneity of pipes and are made on a cross section from one or both ends of a pipe.
S1 Radiographic Examination. The entire length of weld will be examined for any double welded pipe. In addition the pipe will be
marked RT and the test results included in the certification.
S1 Stabilising Heat Treatment. The solution annealed grades TP309HCb, TP310HCb, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP348
and TP348H will be given a stabilisation heat treatment. Temperature will be as agreed between purchaser and vendor.
S1 Intergranular Corrosion Test. This test in accordance with Practices A 262 Practice E.
S1 Minimum Wall Pipe. A minimum wall thickness may be specified, in which case the wall thickness may not be below the
thickness

Tensile Requirements
Tensile Strength min

Yield Strength min

Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) or 4D min

Grade

UNS
ksi

MPa

ksi

MPa

Longit %

Trans %

All
TP304L
TP304N

All
S30403
S30451
S31272

75
70
80
65

515
485
550
450

30
25
35
29

205
170
240
200

35
35
35
35

25
25
25
25

TP316L
TP316N
TP321

S31603
S31651
S32100

70
80
75(701)

485
550
515(4851)

25
35
30(251)

170
240
205(1701)

35
35
35

25
25
25

TP321H

S32109

75(701)

515(4851)

30(251)

205(1701)

35

25

TPXM10
TPXM11

S21900

90

620

50

345

35

25

S21904

90

620

50

345

35

25

TPXM19
TPXM29

S20910

100

690

55

380

35

25

S24000

100

690

55

380

35

25

S31254

94

650

44

300

35

25

S30615

90

620

40

275

35

25
25

S30815

87

600

45

310

35

S31050

84(782)

580(5402)

39(372)

270(2552)

25

S30600

78

540

35

240

35

25

S31726

80

550

35

240

35

25

S32615

80

550

32

220

25

S33228

73

500

27

185

35

25

S24565

115

795

60

415

35

25

S30415

87

600

42

290

35

25

S32654

109

750

62

430

35

25

S35315

94

650

39

270

35

25

N08367

100(953)

690(6553)

45(453)

310(3103)

30

N08904

71

490

31

215

35

25

Notes
- All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table other than those itemised in this table.
1 Values for wall thickness >3/8 in (9.5 mm)
2 Values for wall thickness >1/4 in (6.35 mm)
3 Values for wall thickness >0.187 in (4.75 mm)

Heat Treatment
Temperature F

Temperature C

Grade

UNS

Treatment

All
TP304H

All
S30409

1900
1900(1900)

1040
1040(1040)

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1

TP316H
TP321H
TP347H
TP348H

S31609
S32109
S34709
S34809
S30815

1900(1900)
2000(1925)
2000(1925)
2000(1925)
1920

1040(1040)
1090(1050)
1090(1050)
1090(1050)
1050

Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1

Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1
Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1
Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1
Minimum solution temperature. Quench 1,2

S31272

1920

1050

Minimum solution temperature. Quench 1

S31254

2100

1150

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

S24565

2050-2140

1121-1170

S32654

2100

1150

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

Solution temperature range. Quench1

S35315

2010

1100

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

N08367

2025

1100

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

N08904

2000

1100

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

Notes
- All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table other than those itemised in this table.
1 Quench in water or rapid cool by other means
2 Pipe marking to include heat number and heat-treatment lot number

Chemical Composition
Grade
TP304

UNS
S30400

TP304H

S30409

TP304L

S30403

Composition Percentage, max or range

&DUERn

0DQJDQHVe

3KRVSKRUXs

6XOSKXr

6LOLFRn

Mn

Si

0.08
0.040.10
0.035

1LFNHl Ni

&KURPLXm Cr

0RO\EGHQXm

Note

Mo

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

8.00-11.0

18.0-20.0

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

8.00-11.0

18.0-20.0

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

8.00-13.0

18.0-20.0

25

TP304N

S30451

0.08

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

8.00-11.0

18.0-20.0

TP304LN

S30453

0.035

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

8.00-11.0

18.0-20.0

TP309Cb

S30940

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

12.0-16.0

22.0-24.0

0.75

TP309H

S30909

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

12.0-15.0

22.0-24.0

TP309HCb

S30941

0.08
0.040.10
0.040.10

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

12.0-16.0

22.0-24.0

0.75

TP309S

S30908

0.08

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

12.0-15.0

22.0-24.0

0.75

TP310Cb

S31040

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

19.0-22.0

24.0-26.0

0.75

TP310H

S31009

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

19.0-22.0

24.0-26.0

TP310HCb

S31041

0.08
0.040.10
0.040.10

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

19.0-22.0

24.0-26.0

0.75

TP310S

S31008

0.080

2.00

0.045

0.030

0.75

19.0-22.0

24.0-26.0

0.75

1.5-2.0

0.030

0.015

0.3-0.7

14.0-16.0

14.0-16.0

1.0-1.4

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

11.0-14.0

16.0-18.0

2.00-3.00

24

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

11.0-14.0

16.0-18.0

2.00-3.00

24

TP316L

S31603

0.080.12
0.08
0.040.10
0.035

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

10.0-15.0

16.0-18.0

2.00-3.00

25

TP316N

S31651

0.08

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

11.0-14.0

16.0-18.0

2.00-3.00

1,24

TP316LN

S31653

0.035

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

11.0-14.0

16.0-18.0

2.00-3.00

1,24

S31272
TP316

S31600

TP316H

S31609

TP317

S31700

0.08

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

11.0-14.0

18.0-20.0

3.00-4.00

TP317L

S31703

0.035

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

11.0-15.0

18.0-20.0

3.00-4.00

TP321

S32100

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

9.00-13.0

17.0-20.0

20

TP321H

S32109

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

9.00-13.0

17.0-20.0

21

TP347

S34700

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

9.00-13.0

17.0-20.0

22

TP347H

S34709

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

9.00-13.0

17.0-20.0

23

TP348

S34800

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

9.00-13.0

17.0-20.0

4, 22

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

9.00-13.0

17.0-20.0

4, 23

8.0-10.0

0.040

0.030

1.00

5.50-7.50

19.0-21.5

5.50-7.50

19.0-21.5

17.5-18.5

17.0-19.0

TP348H

S34809

TPXM-10

S21900

0.08
0.040.10
0.08
0.040.10
0.08
0.040.10
0.08

S21904

0.04

8.0-10.0

0.040

0.030

TPXM-15

S38100

0.08

2.00

0.030

0.030

TPXM-19

S20910

0.060

4.0-6.0

0.040

0.030

1.00
1.502.50
1.00

11.5-13.5

20.5-23.5

TPXM-29

S24000

0.080

11.5-14.5

0.060

0.030

1.00

2.25-3.75

17.0-19.0

S31254

0.020

1.00

0.030

0.010

0.80

17.5-18.5

19.5-20.5

2.00

0.030

0.030

3.2-4.0

13.5-16.0

17.0-19.5

0.80

0.040

0.030

1.402.00

10.0-12.0

20.0-22.0

10

20.5-23.5

24.0-26.0

1.6-2.6

11

TPXM-11

S30615
S30815

0.160.24
0.050.10

1.50-3.00

6.00-6.50

S31050

0.025

2.00

0.020

0.015

0.4

S30600

0.018

2.00

0.020

0.020

3.7-4.3

14.0-15.5

17.0-18.5

0.20

S31725

0.03

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

13.5-17.5

18.0-20.0

4.0-5.0

13,26

S31726

0.03

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

13.5-17.5

17.0-20.0

4.0-5.0

14,26

S32615

0.07

2.00

0.045

0.030

4.8-6.0

19.0-22.0

16.5-19.5

0.3-1.5

15

S33228

0.040.08

1.00

0.020

0.015

0.30

31.0-33.0

26.0-28.0

16

12

S24565

0.03

S30415

0.040.06

S32654
TP347LN

S34751
S35315

0.020
0.0050.020
0.040.08

5.0-7.0

0.030

0.010

1.00
1.002.00

0.80

0.045

0.030

2.00-4.00

0.030

0.005

2.00

0.040

0.030

0.75

2.00

0045

0.030

0.75

0.50

N08367

0.030

2.00

0.040

0.030

1.00

N08904

0.020

2.00

0.045

0.035

1.00

16.0-18.0

23.0-25.0

4.0-5.0

17

9.0-10.0

18.0-19.0

18

21.0-23.0

24.0-25.0

7.0-8.0

19

9.00-13.0

17.0-20.0

27

34.0-36.0

24.0-26.0

18

23.5025.50
23.0-28.0

20.0-22.0
19.0-23.0

Composition Notes
1 Nitrogen 0.10-0.16%
2 Niobium + Tantalum: 10 x Carbon min, 1.10% max
3 Titanium 0.3-0.6%, Boron 0.004-0.008%
4 Tantalum 0.10% max
5 Nitrogen 0.15-0.40%
6 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.10-0.30%, Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%, Vanadium 0.10-0.30%
7 Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%
8 Nitrogen 0.18-0.22%, Copper 0.50-1.00%
9 Aluminium 0.8-1.5%
10 Nitrogen 0.14-0.20%, Cerium 0.03-0.08%
11 Nitrogen 0.09-0.15%
12 Copper 0.50% max
13 Nitrogen 0.10% max, Copper 0.75% max
14 Nitrogen 0.10-0.20%, Copper 0.75% max
15 Copper 1.5-2.5%
16 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.6-1.0%, Cerium 0.05-0.10%, Aluminium 0.025% max
17 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.1% max, Nitrogen 0.4-0.6%
18 Nitrogen 0.12-0.18%, Cerium 0.03-0.08%
19 Nitrogen 0.45-0.55%, Copper 0.30-0.60%
20 Titanium >5 x Carbon and 0.70% max
21 Titanium >4 x Carbon and 0.6% max
22 Niobium + Tantalum >10 x Carbon and 1.00% max
23 Niobium + Tantalum >8 x Carbon and 1.0% max
24 For welded pipe the nickel range is 10.0-14.0% max
25 Carbon 0.040% max is necessary for pipes where many drawing passes are required, as with
outside diameter <0.5 in (12.7 mm) or nominal wall thickness <0.049 in (1.2 mm) (minimum wall
thickness <0.044 in (1.12 mm))
26 For welded pipe, Phosphorus 0.045% max
27 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.2-0.5%, >15 x Carbon, Nitrogen 0.06-0.10%
28 Nitrogen 0.18-0.25%, Copper 0.75% max
29 Nitrogen 0.10% max, Copper 1.0-2.0%
Note
- Niobium is sometimes referred to as Columbium

6.00-7.00
4.0-5.0

28
29