TWOYEAR

POSTGRADUATERESEARCHPROGRAMME

ENGINEERING
OF FLIGHT
VEHICLES
Prospectus 2010

National Aerospace Laboratories

Bangalore

About the Course :

1. Introduction
2. Eligibility for admission
3. Mode of payment
4. Summary of total credits
5. Summary of course details Subject wise
6. Summary of course details Semester wise
7. Syllabus of course subjects
8. Evaluation Procedure and Grading Scheme
9. List of faculty

Two Year
Post Graduate Research Program in Engineering in
Engineering of Flight Vehicles
at
National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore
(2010 -12)
Configuration design of an aerospace vehicle is important from the consideration of
building an efficient vehicle. The efficiency of the vehicle is defined in terms of its
stability (for better control), minimum drag at cruise (to reduce the fuel consumption),
higher maneuverability (to have air superiority), better engine integration with
airframe (to provide higher thrust), better fatigue life (for longer life) etc. All these
encompass study in various disciplines of aeronautics namely aerodynamics,
propulsion, structures and flight mechanics. A program is designed with the aim to
get better understanding of these areas with reference to their application to
configure the aerospace vehicle and addressing the R&D challenges associated with
it to improve the effeiciency of the vehicle.
The program covers broadly, the areas of aerodynamics including computational fluid
dynamics and experimental techniques, flight vehicle structures, aircraft propulsion,
flight mechanics and control, aerospace vehicles and systems.
The two year Post Graduate Research Training Program aims to provide in depth
exposure to the engineering concepts, scientific principles, research methodology
and hands on experience on advanced real life R&D projects in different areas
related to flight vehicles. Students completing this two years program are expected to
be fully research enabled and industry ready.

The first semester of the program focuses on core subjects covering the basics in
each of the area mentioned above and associated practical work in the laboratories.
The second semester offers courses which provides further an in-depth
understanding of these areas related to their application to flight vehicles. The third
semester offers advanced courses which lead to understanding of R&D challenges in
the respective areas. In fourth semester students will be utilizing their knowledge
acquired through the courses to solve real-world design challenges by working on
advanced R&D projects work and for a dissertation in their specialization areas.


EligibilityforAdmission

Candidates having BE/BTech or equivalent in Aeronautical/Aerospace/Mechanical

Engg, completed in 2009 or graduating during 2010, with minimum 70% marks
(AggregateofallSemester/Year)or7.0CGPA(AggregateofallSemester/Year)are
eligibletoapply.

Candidates who have passed BE/BTech or equivalent in relevant discipline before

2009arenoteligibletoapply.

DesirableQualification:AvalidGATEscorewillbeanaddedadvantage.

ModeofPayment

TuitionfeeneedtobedepositedthefeeatNAL,Bangalorebeforethestartofevery
semesterbymakingpaymenteitherbycashatNALcashcounterorthroughDemand
DraftdrawninfavourofDirector,NALpayableatBangalore.TheDemanddraftto
be sent by speed post or registered letter to Director, National Aerospace
LaboratoriesBangalore560017withthenameofthestudentwritteninpencilon
thereverserideofthedemanddraft.

Forotherdetails(AdmissionProcess,Eligibility,Fellowship,ImportantDates,fee
structureandonlineapplication)

PleasevisittheCSIRwebsitehttp://www.csir.res.in/

COURSEDETAILSFORCSIRPGRPEPROGRAM2010ON
ENGINEERINGOFFLIGHTVEHICLES
From:CSIRNationalAerospaceLaboratories
PROGRAMMEDURATION:2years
SummaryofTotalSubjects/TotalCreditsforPGRPECourseon
EngineeringofFlightVehicles
tobeconductedatCSIRNationalAerospaceLaboratoryintheyear2010

Semester

No.ofSubjects

No.ofCredits

Place

NAL

15

NAL

1*

15*

NAL

Total:

16

17

ProjectWork

17

49+15=64

NAL

SummaryofCoursedetailsSubjectWise

Semester

Aerodynamics

Applied
Mathematics

Atmospheric
FlightMechanics

AircraftPropulsion

Aerospace
Vehiclesand
Systems

II

GasDynamics

FlightDynamics
andControl

Aircraft
Performance

FlightVehicle
Structures

III

Computational
FluidDynamics&
Experimental
Techniques

Exp.FlightTech
&
DataHandling

Navigation,
Guidance
&Control
FlightVehicle
Design

Advanced
Control

Structural
Dynamics&
Aeroelasticity

IV

PROJECTWORK

Semesterwisesubjects

ISEMESTER
(AllCoursesareCompulsory)

Course
Credits CourseTitle

NALEF101 3:0 AppliedMathematics

NALEF102 4:0
Aerodynamics *

NALEF103 3:0 AerospaceVehiclesandSystems

NALEF104

3:0

AtmosphericFlightMechanics

NALEF105

4:0

AircraftPropulsion*

* Includes practical classes

IISEMESTER
(AllCoursesareCompulsory)

Course

Credits CourseTitle

NALEF201

3:0

NavigationGuidanceandControl

NALEF202

4:0

GasDynamics*

NALEF203

3:0

FlightDynamicsandControl

NALEF204

4:0

FlightVehicleStructures*

NALEF205

3:0

AircraftPerformanceEvaluation

* Includes practical classes

IIISEMESTER
(AllCoursesCompulsory)
Course

Credits

CourseTitle

NALEF301

3:0

FlightVehicleDesign*

NALEF302

3:0

ExperimentalFlightTechniques
andDataHandling*

NALEF303

3:0

AdvancedControl

NALEF304

3:0

StructuralDynamics&
Aeroelasticity

NALEF305

3:0

ComputationFluidDynamics
andExperimentalTechniques*
* Includes practical classes

IVSEMESTER
(ProjectCompulsory)
Course
NALEF401

Credits
15

CourseTitle
ProjectworkThesis

CourseDetailsISemester
NALEF1013:0MethodsofAppliedMathematics
Linear Algebra (Matrices, vectors, determinants, linear systems, matrix eigenvalue
problems,notion of vector spaces), Vector Calculus (grad,div,curl,integral theorems
ofGreen,StokesandGaussandapplications),ODEs(FirstorderODEs,higherorder
linear ODEs, notion of fundamental solutions and boundary conditions, systems of
ODEs, series solutions of ODEs special functions). Fourier analysis
(series,integrals,transforms,applications), PDEs (basic types elliptic, parabolic,
hyperbolic),complexanalysis(complexnumbersandfunctions,complexintegration,
Cauchy residue theorem, power series, conformal mapping, potential theory),
numerical methods (general numerics, basic numerical linear algebra like Gauss
method/LUdecomposition,basicnumericsforODEs/PDEs).
Kreyzig,E,AdvancedEngineeringMathematics,JohnWileyandSonsInc,2006
NALEF1024:0Aerodynamics
Concept of a velocity field, vorticity, Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates,
streamlines, streaklines and pathlines, concept of a substantial derivative, laws of
conservation, elementary applications of continuity and the momentum theorem
control volume analysis and its application, inviscid flows and the Bernoulli
equations, elements of aerofoil theory. lift and drag and their coefficients, small
perturbation theory; 2D airfoils in subsonic and supersonic flow, Numerical
methods for 2D airfoils; similarity rules, Multhop's method, vortex lattice and
double lattice methods, effects of sweep and AR, Aerodynamics of wing fuselage
system and aerodynamics of control surfaces. High angle of attack aerodynamics:
nonlinear aero dynamics, Unsteady aerodynamics. Five laboratory classes to
demonstratetheconceptsandmeasurementsofsomeaerodynamicsparameters.
HoughtonELandBasewellRP,FurtherAerodynamicsforEngineers,EdwardArnold
Publishing Company Holt Ashley and Landhall M, Aerodynamics of Wings and
Bodies, AddisonWesley, 1965 R T Jones, Wing Theory, Princeton University
Press,1990.
NALEF1033:0AerospaceVehiclesandSystems
Evolution of heavierthan aircraft for several applications, passenger, transport,
freight,militaryapplications,Configurationsofvarioustypesofaircraft:Fixedwing
aircraft,varioustypesofaircraft,identificationofvariousstructuralparts,materials
used and their functions. Interplay of aerodynamics, structural mechanics,
propulsion, avionics and controls in their conceptualization and performance.
Introductiontoaircraftspecifications:StandardsforbothMilitaryandCivilaircraft,

Airworthiness certification aspects aircraft introduction to flighttesting: Purpose

and Scope of Flight Testing; introduction to general flying and handling
characteristics of aircraft. Flight test plans and procedures, Flight test data
acquisition,analysisandinterpretation.
Kermode,AC,Flightwithoutformulae,SterlingBookHouse,1970
Padfield,RRFlyinginAdverseConditions,TabBooks,1994
MairW.A.andBrasail,DL,AircraftPerformance,CambridgeAerospaceSeries,1996
McCormick,BWAerodynamics,AeronauticsandFlightMechanics,1995
GorffinMD,andJRFrench,SpaceVehicleDesign,AIAAEducationSeries
Janes,AlltheworldAircraftsseries.
AndersonJD:IntroductiontoFlightMcGrawHill,1987.

NALEF1043:0AtmosphericFlightMechanics
Systems of Axes, Euler Angles and quaternions, Axes Transformation, Static
EquilibriumandTrim,AircraftStaticStability,ContributionsofWingandTail,Neutral
PointandStaticMargin,LongitudinalStabilityandControl,DirectionalStabilityand
Control,RollStabilityandControl,EquationsofMotionandtheiralternativeforms,
Solution of Equations of Motion, elastic airplane equations of motion, Transfer
function and response characteristics, State Space Method, Aerodynamic stability
andcontrolderivatives,Aircraftmodesofmotion,LongitudinalandLateraldynamic
stability modes, mathematical model structure, reduced order models, frequency
responses and time histories, modal analysis, eigenvalues, eigenvectors and mode
shapes,maneuverability,Steadyandacceleratedflight
RCNelson,FlightStabilityandAutomaticControl
BabistorA.H.,AircraftStabilityandControl,PergamonPress,
ElkinB.,DynamicsofAtmosphericFlight,JohnWileyandSons
Perkins,C.D.,andHage,R.E.,AirplanePerformance,Stability,andControl,John
WileyandSons,NewYork
NALEF1054:0AircraftPropulsion
Introduction to propulsive devices; Airbreathing and Nonairbreathing systems.
Performanceparameters,cycleanalysisoframjet,turbojet,turbofanandturboprop
engines; Afterburners. Rotating Components: centrifugal and axial compressors,
axial turbines; Nonrotating components: combustion chambers, intakes and
nozzles. Five laboratory classes for showing the concepts and conducting of
experiments.
HillPGandPetersonCR,MechanicsandThermodynamicsofPropulsion,Addison
Wesley,1965.Kerrebrock,JL,AircraftEnginesandGasTurbines,MITPress,1977
Mattongly,JD,ElementsofGasTurbinePropulsion,McGrawHill1996
MukundaHS,UnderstandingCombustion.

CourseDetailsIISemester
NALEF2013:0Navigation,GuidanceandControl
InertialNavigationSensorsandSystems,WGS84system,ConceptofUncertaintyin
Navigation, Kalman Filter Inertial Navigation System Flight Applications, Global
PositioningSystem,HighAccuracyNavigationUsingGlobalPositioningSystem,Flight
TestingNavigationSystems.
Introduction to open and closedloop control systems and examples, Differential
equationmodelsofphysicalsystemsandsolutionmethods,choiceoflinearmodels,
Laplace transforms, transfer functions, and block diagrams, Statevariable system
models, relative stability, gain and phase margins, Bode plots, Nyquist stability
Criterion, Nichols chart, linear design process, Root locus design methods, System
bandwidth, Feedback system characteristics, Design of feedback systems in the
frequency and timedomain, Observability and controllability, angleofattack
limiter, sideslip angle and sideslip rate feedback, roll rate feedback, design of
commandpaths,nonlineardesignandverification,basicautopilotcontrollaws.
DanielJ.Biezad,IntegratedNavigationandGuidanceSystems,AIAAEducation
Series

NALEF2024:0GasDynamics
Fundamentals of thermodynamics; propagation of small disturbances in gases;
normal and oblique shock relations, nozzle flows; onedimensional unsteady flow;
small disturbance theory of supersonic speeds, generation of supersonic flows in
tunnels, supersonic flow diagnostics, supersonic flow over two dimensional
bodies; shock expansion analysis, method of characteristics; onedimensional
rarefactionandcompressionwaves;flowinshocktube.Fivelaboratoryclassesfor
demonstratingtheconceptsandconductingofexperiments.
LiepmannHWandRoshkoA,ElementsofGasDynamics,JohnWiley,1957
BeckerE,GasDynamicsAcademicPress,NewYork,1968.
JohnDAnderson,ModernCompressibleFlow,McGrawHill1990
NALEF2033:0FlightDynamicsandControl
Flight Mechanics parameters, aerodynamic database, principles of simulation,
sensordynamics,highorderactuatordynamics,enginemodel,landinggearmodel,
integration into 6DOF simulation model, Aerodynamic Modeling, flight path
reconstruction techniques, aerodynamic derivative estimation, aerodynamic
database validation and update procedures, Statically unstable aircraft, control
powerrequirementsforunstableaircraft,controlactuatorraterequirements,limits
on static instability, control surface sizing, centerofgravity limits, RouthHurwitz

stabilitycriterion,rootlocusplot,inertiacrosscoupling,rollcoupling,autorotation,
roll reversal, Longitudinal and Lateral stability Augmentation, Pole placement
method,
Schmidt,L.V.,IntroductiontoAircraftFlightDynamics,AIAAEducationSeries.
McRuer,D.,etal,AircraftDynamicsandAutomaticControl,PrincetonUniversity
Press.
Stengel,R.F.FlightDynamics,PrincetonUniversityPress,Princeton,NJ2004(ISBN:
0691114072)
NALEF2044:0FlightVehicleStructures
Introduction to Aerospace vehicle structures, Aircraft structural components &
loads, Aircraft Materials with specific reference to composites, Airworthiness,
certification and standards related to aerostructures, Finite element structural
analysis,Analysis&designofcompositesstructures,Engineeringfracturemechanics
&damagetolerance,ImpactandCrashworthiness,IntroductiontoComputeraided
design (CAD) and product life cycle, management (PLM), Structural optimization :
Size, shape and topology optimization, Smart structures and materials, Active
structuralcontrol.Fivelaboratoryclassesshowingthematerials,andinvolvementof
studentsinconductingofexperiments.
C.T.Sun,2006,MechanicsofAircraftStructures,JohnWileyandSons,NewYork
T.H.G.Megson,1999,AircraftStructuresforEngineeringStudents,Butterworth
Heinemann,Oxford
D.V.Wallerstein,VariationalApproachtoStructuralAnalysis,JohnWileyandSons,
2001
I.H.Shames,C.L.Dym,EnergyandFiniteElementMethodsinStructuralMechanics,
1991,
NALEF2053:0AircraftPerformanceEvaluation
Estimation of the performance: Power requirements and engine choice and size,
minimumtoflylevel,powertoclimbandmaneuverwithtypicalpowerplants
Stability characteristics of the airplane: Longitudinal and Lateral stability analysis,
staticmarginandstabilizersizing;Sizingandtradestudies.
DonaldLayton,AircraftPerformance,MatrixPublishers,1988
MairW.A.andBrasail,DL,AircraftPerformance,CambridgeAerospaceSeries,1996

CourseDetailsIIISemester
NALEF3013:0FlightVehicleDesign
Survey of various types of Airplanes, Overview of the design process; preliminary
aerodynamic design, takeoff weight estimation, selection of wing loading, thrust
loading, engine and geometrical parameters of major components Conceptual
design of a flight vehicle, Airplane Layout (Three view drawings : Arrangement of
surfaces, Mass and Moment of Inertia properties and balance diagram) Design of
structuralcomponents(fuselage,wing,horizontalandverticaltail).Designaspects
ofsubsystems:Flightcontrolsystem,LandingGearandsubsystem,Propulsionand
Fuelsystemintegration,Airpressurizationandairconditioningsystem,Electrical&
Avionicsystem

TomasCCorke.,DesignofAircraft,PersonEducation,LPE,2003.
StintonD.,"TheDesignoftheAeroplane",Granada,England1983.
D.P.Raymer,"AircraftDesign,AConceptualapproach",AIAAEducationServices,
1992.
JRoskam,Vol1to9AeroplaneDesign
NicolaiL.,"FundamentalsofAircraftDesign",UniversityofDaytonOhio,1975.
JohnPFielding,IntroductiontoAircraftDesignCambridgeUniversityPress,1999
NALEF3023:0ExperimentalFlightTechniquesandDataHandling
Flighttestplanningandexecution,flighttestconfigurations,maneuverdesign,data
acquisition methods, MILF8785C, MILSTD1797, and FAR Part 23 requirements,
Pilotopinionrating,ControlAnticipationparameters,Flyingqualitiesrequirementon
splane, handling qualities testing and analysis, handling qualities criteria, handling
qualitiesratings,pilotinducedoscillations(PIO).
NALEF3033:0AdvancedControl
Optimal Control, Robust Control, Modern Linear Control, Backstepping Design,
Feedback Linearization (Dynamic Inversion), Adaptive Control Design, Neuro
adaptiveControlDesign,Highangleofattack(AOA)aerodynamics(bothuprightand
inverted), post stall gyrations, spins, deep stall, departure susceptibility, departure
criteria, directional departure parameter, lateral control departure parameter,
continuationandequilibriumsolution.
K.Ogata:ModernControlEngineering,ThirdEd.,PrenticeHall,1999.
H.J.Marquez:NonlinearControlSystemsAnalysisandDesign,Wiley,2003.
JJE.SlotineandW.Li:AppliedNonlinearControl,PrenticeHall,1991.
H.K.Khalil:NonlinearSystems,PrenticeHall,1996.Currentliterature

NALEF3043:0StructuralDynamicsandAeroelasticity
Variational principles, Hamiltons Least Action Principle, Lagranges equations;
Vibrationofmultidegreeoffreedomsystems;Finiteelementformulationforelasto
dynamicsofcontinuoussystems;bar,beam,andplates;Normalmodeexpansions
and direct integrations; Static/dynamic condensation and substructuring
techniques; Torsion and bending of an aircraft wing; Static aeroelasticity and
divergenceofawing;Dynamicaeroelasticityandbendingtorsionflutterofawing;
Dynamic response of a wing to gust and atmospheric turbulence; Introduction to
nonlinearvibrations.
MeirowitchL,ComputationalmethodsinStructuralDynamics1980.
CloughRWandPenzeinJ,DynamicsofStructuresMcGrawHill,1993
YCFung,2002,AnIntroductiontotheTheoryofAeroelasticityDoverPublications.
RLBisplinghoff,HAshley,andRLHalfman,1996,Aeroelasticity,DoverPublications.
Johnson,W,HelicopterTheory,Dover,1994Bramwell,Done,Balmford,Bramwell's
HelicopterDynamics,ButterworthHeineman,2001.
NALEF3053:0ComputationFluidDynamicsandExperimentalTechniques
Introduction to CFD, Equations governing fluid flow, Hyperbolic partial differential
equationsandshocks,finitedifferencetechniqueanddifferenceequations,Implicit
difference formula, Time discretization and stability, Schemes for linear convective
equation, Analysis of time integration schemes, Monotonicity , Schemes for Euler
equations, Finite volume methodology, Introduction to unstructured mesh
computations.
Introduction to aerodynamic testing in various speed regimes; requirements of
aerodynamic testing; Design aspects of low speed wind tunnels; flow visualization
methods;Measurementmethodsforflowvariables.Windtunnelbalances;Elements
of computer basedinstrumentation; measurementsandanalyses methods;Model
Design,Pressure,Flow,andShearStressmeasurements;Forcesandmomentsfrom
balance measurements, Sources of error in wind tunnel data, scale effects in data
usage,generaltestproceduresforaircraft.
CharlesHirch:NumericalComputationofinternalandexternalflows,Vol.l&2,Wiley
intersciencepublication,1990.
ExperimentalMethodsforEngineers,Holman
WilliamHRoeJr,AlanPope,LowSpeedWindTunnelTestingWileyandSons(1984)
PankhrustRCandHolderDWWindTunneltechnique,SirIssacSonsLtd.,London,
GoldsteinRJ:FluidMechanicsMeasurements,Elseveier,2003

IVSemester

NALEF401ProjectworkThesis
The project work is aimed at providing the students to work on practical problem
andcarryouttheworkeitherthroughanalytical/experimental/CFD.

Evaluation Procedure and Grading Scheme

The two-year programme is made up of 4 semesters with continuous internal
evaluation and a semester-end examination for all courses.
Letter grades will be awarded for each course reflecting the students proficiency and
instructors expectation. The grades and their description along with their equivalent
numerical values, where applicable, are as follows:
A
B+
B
C+
C
D

10
9
8
7
6
5

Outstanding
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Satisfactory
Fair

Performance of the student will be evaluated by two indices, semester grade point
average (SGPA) and cumulative grade point average (CGPA). These will be
calculated as follows:
SGPA = {Sum of (Course credit Numerical value of course grade)} / Total course
credits earned in the semester
CGPA = Cumulative points scored in all passed courses / Cumulative credits earned
A student needs to have a SGPA of over 6.0 (in each of the first and second
semesters) and a CGPA of over 6.5 (at the end of the second semester) for
continuing beyond the first year.
For distinction, the student need to have CGPA = 8.0 or above.
Students getting E or F grades in a course need to re-appear for the final course
examination before the start of the next semester.
I grade indicates the student has not been able to complete the course requirements
and needs to take necessary actions as prescribed by the CSIR laboratory.
For more details please visit www.csir.res.in.

ListofFaculty

No

Designation

Discipline

DrSajeerAhmed

Scientist G

Aerodynamics

DrLVenkatakrishnan

ScientistE2

Aerodynamics,Measurement
Techniques

DrSBVerma

Scientist E1

Aerodynamics,GasDynamics

DrChannaRaju

Scientist E2

Aerodynamics,GasDynamics

DrRMukund

ScientistE2

LowSpeedFlows

DrVMudkavi

DrUshaSrinivasan

ScientistE1

FluidMechanics,Mathematics

DrKRSrilatha

ScientistE2

PanelMethods

DrJSMathur

10

DrRajani

ScientistE1

TurbulentFlows

11

DrVRamesh

Scientist E2

GridfreeMethods

12

Dr.S.Raja

ScientistE2

Aeroelasticity

13

ScientistE2

AirframeDesignandTesting

14
15

Mr.S.C.
Lakshminarayana

Dr.S.SridharaMurthy
Mr.ShyamChetty

ScientistG
ScientistG

AircraftStructures
FlightMechanicsandControl

16

Dr.G.Gopalaratnam

ScientistG

FlightMechanicsandControl

17

Dr.JatinderSingh

Scientist F

FlightMechanicsandControl

18

Dr.A.A.Pashilkar

Scientist E2

FlightMechanicsandControl

19

Dr.HNVDutt

Scientist G

Mathematics,FlightVehicleDesign

20

Mr.Bhaskar
Chakravarthy

ScientistE2

Mr.ManjunathP

ScientistE2

21

Name

Scientist F

ScientistF

VorticityDynamics

CFD

AircraftPerformance

AircraftPropulsion