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Ce1403 - Basics of Dynamics and Aseismic Design (For Vii - Semester)

This document discusses elements of seismology including causes of earthquakes, plate tectonics theory, seismic waves, magnitude and intensity scales. It provides definitions of key terms like epicenter, focus, P and S waves. The document outlines different types of earthquake classification and faults. Questions are provided relating to these topics along with explanations and diagrams where required. The purpose is to teach civil engineering students about basics of dynamics and aseismic design.

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KarnalPreeth
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66 views

Ce1403 - Basics of Dynamics and Aseismic Design (For Vii - Semester)

This document discusses elements of seismology including causes of earthquakes, plate tectonics theory, seismic waves, magnitude and intensity scales. It provides definitions of key terms like epicenter, focus, P and S waves. The document outlines different types of earthquake classification and faults. Questions are provided relating to these topics along with explanations and diagrams where required. The purpose is to teach civil engineering students about basics of dynamics and aseismic design.

Uploaded by

KarnalPreeth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE1403 BASICS OF DYNAMICS AND ASEISMIC DESIGN

(FOR VII SEMESTER)

UNIT - III
ELEMENTS OF SEISMOLOGY

PREPARED BY
K.P.SENTHIL NATHAN., M.E (Structures)
LECTURER

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING


SENGUNTHAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, TIRUCHENGODE 637 205.

UNIT III
ELEMENTS OF SEISMOLOGY
Causes of Earthquake Geological faults Tectonic plate theory Elastic
rebound Epicentre Hypocentre Primary, shear and Raleigh waves Seismogram
Magnitude and intensity of earthquakes Magnitude and Intensity scales Spectral
Acceleration - Information on some disastrous earthquakes
S.NO
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2.
3
4
5
6
7
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2 MARKS
Define Seismology. And Earthquake
What are the causes of Earthquake?
Write a short notes on Plate Tectonic
What is mean by Epicenter and focus?
Write a short note on Seismic waves.
Write a short note on Magnitude
Write a short note on Intensity
What is mean by seismogram
Draw the neat sketches of P,S, Rayleigh and Love waves
What are the P waves and S waves?
How the earthquakes are classified?
What is the difference between Inter plate earthquakes and Intra

PAGE NO
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3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
6
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plate earthquakes?
Draw the neat sketches of different types of faults
Draw the neat sketches on Arrival of Seismic waves at a site

S.NO
16 MARKS
1
Explain briefly the Spectral acceleration.
2.
Write a brief notes on Information on some disastrous
earthquakes.
3
Explain with neat sketches of seismogram

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7

PAGE NO
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2 Marks Questions and Answers


1. Define Seismology. And Earthquake
Seismology is the study of the generation, propagation generation and
recording of elastic waves in the earth and the sources that produce them.

An Earthquake is a sudden tremor or movement of the earths crust, which


originates naturally at or below the surface. About 90% of all earthquakes results
from tectonic events, primarily movements on the faults.
2. What are the causes of Earthquake?
Earthquake originates due to various reasons, which may be classified into
three categories. Decking waves of seashores, running water descending down
waterfalls and movement of heavy vehicles and locomotives, causes feeble
tremors. These earthquakes are feeble tremors, which dont have disastrous
effects.
Contrary to the volcanic earthquake and those due to superficial causes,
which can be severe, only locally, the more disastrous earthquakes affecting
extensive region are associated with movements of layers or masses of rocks
forming the crust of the earth. Such seismic shocks, which originate due to crustal
movements, are termed as tectonic earthquakes.
3. Write a short notes on Plate Tectonic
Tectonic is the study of deformations of earth materials that result from
deformation. Plate tectonics refers to deformation on a global scale. The basic
hypothesis of plate tectonics is that the surface of the earth consist of a number of
large plates. These plates move relative to one another. The present six important
plates are namely
1. African plate
2. American plate
3. Antarctic plate
4. Australian Indian plate
5. Eurasian plate
6. Pacific plate
4. What is mean by Epicenter and focus?

The point at which the rupture begins and the first seismic wave originates
is called focus or hypocenter.
The point on the ground directly above the focus is called epicenter.
5. Write a short note on Seismic waves.
Large strain energy released during an earthquake travel as seismic waves
in all directions through the earths layers, reflecting at each interface. These
waves are of two types, body waves and surface waves.
6. Write a short note on Magnitude.
The magnitude of an earthquake is a measure of the amount of energy
released. The earthquake scale is devised by Charles F. Richter, an American
seismologist be based on t he total amount of energy released during an
earthquake be called magnitude.
7. Write a note on Intensity.
Intensity indicates the intensity of shaking or extent of damage at a given
location due to particular earthquake. Thus the intensity of some earthquake will
be different at different places. Intensity is a measure earthquake in qualitative
way by judging what actually happens on the ground, the damage to the buildings
and other structures caused by earthquake waves.
8. What is mean by seismogram?
A seismogram is the graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of
ground motion at a measuring station. The energy measured in a seismogram may
result from earthquake or from some other source.
9. Draw the neat sketches of P,S, Rayleigh and Love waves.

10. What are the P waves and S waves?


P Waves: the material particles undergo tensional and compressional strains
along directions of energy transmissions, speed 4.8 km/sec.

S Waves: it is called shear waves oscillate at right angles to the above. The
particle motions can be in any direction in a plane perpendicular to the direction
of propagation. Since the liquids have no shearing resistance these waves cannot
pass through liquid. Speed 3 km/sec.
11. How the earthquakes are classified?
The earthquakes are classified into different groups based on their size.
Annual average number of earthquakes across the Earth in each of these groups is
also shown the table given below.
Group
Great
Major
Strong
Moderate
Light
Minor
Very Minor

Magnitude
8 and higher
7 7.9
6 6.9
5 5.9
4 4.9
3 3.9
< 3.0

Annual Average Number


1
18
120
800
6,200(estimated)
49,000(estimated)
M 2-3: ~1,000/day ; M1-2: ~8,000/day

12. What is the difference between Inter plate earthquakes and Intra plate
earthquakes?
Inter plate earthquakes
Most earthquakes in the world occur along the boundaries of the tectonic plates
and are called Inter plate earthquakes.
Intra plate earthquakes
A number of earthquakes also occur within the plate itself away from the plate
boundaries these are called Intra plate earthquakes.

13. Draw the neat sketches of different types of faults.


In both type of earthquakes ( Intra and Inter plate) the slip generated at the
fault during earthquakes is along both and vertical direction ( called Dip slip) and
lateral directions (called Strike slip).

14. Draw the neat sketches on Arrival of Seismic waves at a site.

16 Marks Questions
1. Explain briefly the Spectral acceleration.
2. Write a brief notes on Information on some disastrous earthquakes.
3. Explain with neat sketches of seismogram

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