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Moment and Angular Momentum

1. The document describes an experiment to investigate uniformly accelerated rotary motion. A turntable is rotated using air bearings and acted on by a moment from hanging weights. 2. The experiment measures the angle of rotation, angular velocity, and angular acceleration as functions of time and moment. Regression analysis is used to determine relationships predicted by the equations of motion. 3. Key results include verifying the exponent in the equation for angle of rotation over time is 2, as well as determining the moment of inertia from the slope of angular velocity over time. Angular acceleration is also graphed as a function of force and lever arm.

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Carlos Rubiano
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
147 views

Moment and Angular Momentum

1. The document describes an experiment to investigate uniformly accelerated rotary motion. A turntable is rotated using air bearings and acted on by a moment from hanging weights. 2. The experiment measures the angle of rotation, angular velocity, and angular acceleration as functions of time and moment. Regression analysis is used to determine relationships predicted by the equations of motion. 3. Key results include verifying the exponent in the equation for angle of rotation over time is 2, as well as determining the moment of inertia from the slope of angular velocity over time. Angular acceleration is also graphed as a function of force and lever arm.

Uploaded by

Carlos Rubiano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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R

LEP
1.3.15

Moment and angular momentum

Related topics
Circular motion, angular velocity, angular acceleration, moment of inertia, Newtons Laws, rotation.
Principle and task
The angle of rotation and angular velocity are measured as a
function of time on a body which is pivoted so as to rotate
without friction and which is acted on by a moment. The angular acceleration is determined as a function of the moment.
Equipment
Turntable with angle scale
Aperture plate for turntable
Holding device w. cable release
Air bearing
Precision pulley
Pressure tube, l 1.5 m
Blower
Light barrier with Counter
Power supply 5V DC/0.3 A
PEK capacitor/case 1/0.1 mmF/500 V
Adapter, BNC-plug/socket 4 mm
Weight holder 1 g
Slotted weight, 1 g, natur. colour

02417.02
02417.05
02417.04
02417.01
11201.02
11205.01
13770.93
11207.08
11076.93
39105.18
07542.26
02407.00
03916.00

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
20

Silk thread, 200 m


Connecting cord, 1000 mm, blue
Connecting cord, 1000 mm, red
Circular level
Tripod base -PASSBarrel base -PASSBench clamp -PASS-

02412.00
07363.04
07363.01
02122.00
02002.55
02006.55
02010.00

1
1
1
1
1
1
2

Problems
With uniformly accelerated rotary motion, the following will be
determined:
1. the angle of rotation as a function of time,
2. the angular velocity as a function of time.
3. the angular acceleration as a function of time,
4. the angular acceleration as a function of the lever arm.
Set-up and procedure
The experimental set-up is arranged as shown in Fig. 1. By
means of a spirit level, and with the blower switched on, the
rotary bearing is aligned horizontally with the two adjusting
feet on the support base. The release switch should be so
adjusted that in the set condition it touches the curve of the
sector mask. The triggering range and the electrical switching

Fig. 1: Experimental set-up for investigating uniformly accelerated rotary motion.

PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH 37070 Gttingen, Germany

21315

LEP
1.3.15

Moment and angular momentum

point can be adjusted with the knurled screw. The angular


range to be measured is fixed by moving the light barrier. The
release switch and light barrier should be connected as shown
in Fig. 2. The precision pulley is clamped so that the thread is
suspended horizontally over the plate and is flush with the pulley.
Measurement of the angle of rotation w as a function of time t:
Place the selection key on
of the fork type light barrier.
Install the light barrier in a desired angle w with the shutter
release.
Press the wire release and lock in place.
Press the Reset key of the light barrier.
Loosening the wire release stopper; sets in motion the plate
of rotation with the screen and the counter starts.
After the screen has passed the pin of the shutter release,
the wire release is pressed again and locked.
As soon as the screen enters the light path of the light barrier, the counter stops.
Note
If the counter stops on loosening, viz. pressing the wire release, a capacitor of high capacitance should be connected parallel to the wire release.
Measurement of the angular velocity V as a function of time
t.
The dark time of the sector mask in the light barrier is used
(gate time Dt) for measuring velocity.
Immediately, after the measurement of the time of rotation t for
an angle of rotation w, the corresponding angular velocity V is
measured.
Place the selection key to the light barrier at
.
Press the Reset key of the light barrier.
Loosening the locked wire release; sets into motion the
plate of rotation with the screen, the counter indicates
0000.
As soon as the screen enters the path of the light of the fork
type light barrier, the counter starts; it stops when the
screen moves out of the light path.

Fig. 2: Connection of the light barrier (Lb).

Theory and evaluation


R
The relationship between the angular momentum L of a rigid
body in a stationary coordinate system
with its origin at the
R
centre of gravity, and the moment T acting on it, is
R

T =

d R
L.
dt

(1)

The angular momentum is expressed by the angular velocity


R
^
v
and the inertia tensor I from
R

L=Iv,

that is, the reduction of the tensor with the vector.


R

In the present case, R


v has the direction of a principal inertia
axis (z-axis), so that L has only one component:
LZ = IZ v,
where IZ is the z-component of the principal inertia tensor of
the plate.
For this case, equation (1) reads:
dv
TZ = IZ
.
dt

Measurement of Dt
Calculation of the angular velocity

V = Df / Dt = 0.262 /Dt

If Df is the angle of the sector mask, then

Df
v ( t1 + Dt ) =
,
2

Dt

where t1 is the time from the start until the sector mask reaches the light barrier (angle time).
To determine the acceleration as a function of the force, the
mass on the weight pan is increased by 1 g at a time. The
dependence of the acceleration on the radius is determined at
constant mass. The instantaneous velocities are measured at
a fixed location. The precision pulley must be aligned to the
corresponding radius (height, alignment).

21315

Fig. 3: Moment of a weight force on the rotary plate.

PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH 37070 Gttingen, Germany

LEP
1.3.15

Moment and angular momentum

Fig. 4: Angle of rotation as a function of time with uniformly


accelerated rotary motion for m = 0.01 kg, r = 0.015 m.

Fig. 5: Angular velocity as a function of time in uniformly accelerated rotary motion, with m = 0.01 kg, r = 0.015 m.

From the regression line to the measured values of Fig. 4, with


the exponential statement
Y = A XB
the exponent is obtained
B = 2.005

(see (4))

The moment of the force F (see Fig. 2)


R

From the regression line to the measured values of Fig. 5, with


the linear statement

T =r F

gives, as shown in Fig. 3,

Y=A+BX

TZ = r m g,

the slope is obtained

so that the equation of motion reads


mgr = IZ

dv (t)
[ IZ a.
dt

B = 0.114
(2)

(see (3))

From this, a moment of inertia

IZ = 0.0129 kgm2

With the initial condition

is obtained in accordance with (2).

v (0) = 0
one obtains

v (t) =

mgr
t
IZ

(3)

and for the angle of rotation w with the initial condition

w (0) = 0
w (t) =

1 mgr 2
t .
2 IZ

(4)

PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH 37070 Gttingen, Germany

21315

LEP
1.3.15

Moment and angular momentum

Fig. 6: Angular acceleration a = v/t as a function of the


active force with uniformly accelerated rotary motion
for r = 0.03 m.

21315

Fig. 7: Angular acceleration as a function of the lever arm with


uniformly accelerated rotary motion for m = 0.016 kg.

PHYWE series of publications Laboratory Experiments Physics PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH 37070 Gttingen, Germany

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