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10 Geodata Analysis

The document discusses various methods of geodata analysis including vector analysis, raster analysis, and combined analysis. It describes spatial operators such as relational operators (e.g. contains, within) and topological operators (e.g. buffer, clip, intersect) that are used for vector analysis. Raster analysis techniques include cell-based processing using functions like focal functions and zonal functions. Various applications of analysis functions are provided such as calculating terrain derivatives from a digital terrain model and performing viewshed and least-cost path analyses.

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54 views

10 Geodata Analysis

The document discusses various methods of geodata analysis including vector analysis, raster analysis, and combined analysis. It describes spatial operators such as relational operators (e.g. contains, within) and topological operators (e.g. buffer, clip, intersect) that are used for vector analysis. Raster analysis techniques include cell-based processing using functions like focal functions and zonal functions. Various applications of analysis functions are provided such as calculating terrain derivatives from a digital terrain model and performing viewshed and least-cost path analyses.

Uploaded by

mariatanasescu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geodata analysis

Riccardo De Filippi
[email protected]

Analysis
Purpose & Methods

Queries and reasoning

Measurements

Transformation

Data mining

Descriptive summaries

Optimization

Hypothesis testing

Vector
analysis
Raster
analysis

Combined
analysis

Operations in vector
What is?

Attribute

What is its relation to other


entities?

Spatial topology

Where is it?

Distance/location

Feature analysis
Select
Create

What is it: Attribute operators


Logical operations
attributes of one or more entities
individual entities

Mathematical operations
new attribute
math calculation

Statistical analysis
descriptive stat
stat software

Numerical models
complex sets of mathematical functions that represent physical process

Spatial operators
Relational operators:
- Testing spatial relationships between geometries
- Result is a boolean value, no new geometries are created

Topological operators:
- Support for editing geographic features
- Result is a new geometry based on a logical comparison between
geometries

Vector analysis: Relational operators


Relational operators:

Equals
Contains
Within
Crosses
Overlaps
Touches
Disjoint

Vector analysis: Relational operators(3)

Contains

Zeiler (1999)

Within

Vector analysis: Relational operators (4)


Crosses

Zeiler (1999)

Overlaps

Vector analysis: Topological operators

Topological operators:

Buffer
Clip
Convex hull
Cut
Difference
Intersect
Symmetric Difference
Union

Topological operators (1)


Buffer

Zeiler (1999)

Clip

Topological operators (3)


Difference

Zeiler (1999)

Intersect

Interaction

Functions vs Operators
1. Raster functions

Zeiler (1999)

2. Raster operators

Cell processing

Every cell of the raster is processed

Raster Map Analysis

Zeiler (1999)

Map query Boolean/logical operations:


And, Or, XOr, Not, >, >=, =, <>, <, <=,

Zeiler (1999)

Map calculation Mathematical operations:


+, -, /, *, Log, Exp, Sin, Cos, Sqrt,

Raster Functions

Trigonometric

sin, cos, tan, ...

Exponential

ax, ex

Logarithmic

log, ln, lg, ld

Relational

>, <, =, , , , <>, ...

Statistical

max, min, mean, total, SD, ...

Application

Transformation, DTM derivatives,


Hydrology,Proximity, Dispersion.

Raster functions: Spatial


application

Zeiler (1999)

Local functions

McCoy et al. (2002)

rain

Local function : application case

2003

2004
Local mean or minimum

2005

Focal functions
McCoy et al. (2002)

Focal function: application case


5

31

3.4

Burrough (1998)
6

1.5

Zonal functions

Quelle: ArcGIS 9.0 Desktop Help

Global functions

Application function 1
First and higher derivatives

DTM

slope

slope
aspect
plan curvature
profile curvature
aspect

Quelle: ArcGIS 9.0 Desktop Help

Application function 2
Viewsheds, shaded relief, irradiance
DTM

combin
ed

hillshade

Zeiler (1999)

Application function 3

Dilation, spreading, dispersion


- fire spreading
- oil dilation and translocation
- soil solute dispersion from
point source

Zeiler (1999)

Application function 4

Spatial transformation
- translocation
- scaling, distension, stretching
- rotation
- distortion

Zeiler (1999)

Raster analysis: application 5


Surface topology, drainage network, sun
- Slope, Aspect
- Hydrology
- Sun radiation.
flow accumulation

DTM

Sources: Weisshaidinger; Hebel

watershed & subwatersheds

Application function 6
Proximity

- Euclidian distance
- Travel time

Zeiler (1999)

Application function 7
Least-cost path analysis

Zeiler (1999)

Raster Operator
Arithmetic

[Inlayer1] + [Inlayer2] / 2

Boolean
Where <> 0 in layer1 and layer2

Relational
Inlayer < 3

Process diagram (flowchart)

Input data
Process
Intermediate data
Output data
Input

Intermediate

Data processing

Process

Process

Line Selection

Line
Data processing

Output

Select

Process diagramms
Test Area xy
Modify feature
Rivers

Geocorrected area

Roads

Clip

Clipped Roads and Rivers

Answer 2 How many line features are within test ?

Update line length: quality check! not recalculated

Updated length R & R


Select & Statistic

Bach Layer

Answer 5 statistics on 3 road classes ?


Summar
ize
1_Klass 2_Klass 3_Klass
SummarizeTable.dbf

Answer 3, 4, 5 Shortest, Longest, Sum of rivers?

Practice
QuantumGIS visualization, map editing
Grass data processing engine, data editing

References

Burrough, P.A., and R.A. McDonnell, 1998. Pronciples of Geographical


Information Systems. Oxford: University Press.
Longley, P.A., M.F. Goodchild, D.J. Maguire, D.W. Rhind, 2001. Geographic
Information Systems and Science. Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons.
Zeiler, M., 1999. Modelling our World: The ESRI Guide to Geodatabase Design.
Redlands, Ca: ESRI Press.

References

Longley, P.A., M.F. Goodchild, D.J. Maguire, D.W. Rhind, 2001. Geographic
Information Systems and Science. Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons.
SNV, 1998. SN 612030: Vermessung und Geoinformation INTERLIS
Modellierungssprache und Datentransfermethode. Winterthur, CH:
Schweizerische Normen-Vereinigung.
Swisstopo, 2005. Bundesamt fr Landestopographie. Bern, CH: Swisstopo.
Avaliable at: www.swisstopo.ch.
Zeiler, M., 1999. Modelling our World: The ESRI Guide to Geodatabase Design.
Redlands, Ca: ESRI Press.

References

Department of Geography, 2005. Geographic Information Technology Training


Alliance (GITTA). Zurich, CH: University of Zurich. Avaliable at: www.gitta.info.

Burrough, P.A., and R.A. McDonnell, 1998. Pronciples of Geographical


Information Systems. Oxford: University Press.

Fischer, M., and P. Nijkamp, 1993. Geographic Information Systems, Spatial


Modelling and Policy Evaluation. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.

Longley, P.A., M.F. Goodchild, D.J. Maguire, and D.W. Rhind, 2001. Geographic
Information Systems and Science. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

Tomlinson, R., 2003. Thinking about GIS: Geographic Information System


Planning for Managers. Redlands, Ca: ESRI Press.

Zeiler, M., 1999. Modelling our World: The ESRI Guide to Geodatabase Design.
Redlands, Ca: ESRI Press.

References
McCoy, J., K. Johnston, S. Kopp, B. Borup, J. Willison, B. Payne,
2002. Using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst, - GIS by ESRI. Redlangs,
Ca: ESRI Press.
Swisstopo, 2005. Bundesamt fr Landestopographie. Bern, CH:
Swisstopo. Avaliable at: www.swisstopo.ch.
Zeiler, M., 1999. Modelling our World: The ESRI Guide to
Geodatabase Design. Redlands, Ca: ESRI Press.

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