CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

CE-515: Design of Steel Structures

M. Engg. (Civil), Fall 2014

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Course Outline
Review of elastic-plastic concepts of structural
behaviour; plastic design of beams and frames;
design of plate girders; compression member
with large width-thickness ratio; stiffened plate;
composite design and behaviour; behaviour of
rigid and semi-rigid connections; design
considerations for fracture and fatigue; design of
rigid frames; behaviour of multi-storey frames
and second-order analysis.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Recommended Books
Englekirk, R. E. (1994). Steel Structures: Controlling
Behaviour Through Design. John Wiley & Sons
Segui, W. T. (2007). Steel Design, Fourth Edition.
Thomson
McCormac, J. C. (1995). Structural Steel Design, Second
Edition. Harper Collins Publishers
AISC Steel Construction Manual

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Evaluation & Assessment

Sessional evaluation

(40 marks)

Assignments (10)
Mid-term test (10)
Final test (10)
Presentation (10)

Final exam

(60 marks)

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Introduction
Structural design may be defined as a mixture of art
and science combining the intuitive feeling for the
behaviour of a structure with rational principles of
mechanics (statics, solid mechanics, dynamics, etc.)
and structural analysis to produce a safe and
economical structure to serve its intended purposes.
Steel is one of the most important building materials in
the modern era. It is used solely or in combination with
other materials such as concrete, timber, composites,
etc., for a variety of purposes.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Advantages of Steel

Economy
Durability
Design flexibility
Simplicity
All weather construction
Easy repair
Recyclable

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Benefits of Structural Steel

Steel allows for reduced frame construction time and the
ability to construct in all seasons.
Steel makes large spans and bay sizes possible, providing
more flexibility for owners.
Steel is easier to modify and reinforce if architectural
changes are made to a facility over its life.
Steel is lightweight and can reduce foundation costs.
Steel is durable, long-lasting and recyclable.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Unique Aspects of Steel Construction

Procurement and management
of structural steel is similar to
other materials, but there are
some unique aspects to steel
construction:
Steel is fabricated off-site.

On-site erection is a rapid

process.
This gives use of structural steel
some scheduling advantages.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

History
Wootz is a steel developed in India around
300 BC.
Damascus steel is a hot-forged steel used in
Middle Eastern sword making from about
1100 to 1700 A.D.
Japanese sword making from special steel
forging is legendary.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

History
Ancient Use
Beginning 5th Century B.C.,
Weaponry, Ornaments and
Bridge construction in Middle
East, China and India.

Early Use
1777-79 First Cast iron bridge
in England

1780-1820 Several bridges all

over Europe, preliminary
rolled shapes manufactured
1820 -Rails manufactured
1840 -advent of wrought iron

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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History
Bessemer Process invented in 1855.
Bessemer converter introduced in 1870.
Early Structures:
1870s Brooklyn Bridge
1880s Eiffel Tower (330 m), steel bridges in Pittsburgh,
several steel buildings in Chicago (rebuilt after the
great fire)
1890sSeveral steel buildings in NY and Europe

1907 Quebec Bridge followed by several bridges

in North America

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

History
Modern structures
1930s Golden Gate bridge,
Empire State Building, etc.
1960s Sears Tower
Extensive use of steel for
medium to high rise buildings
and long span bridges.
Equally extensive use of steel in
industrial structures, airports,
etc.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Steel Design
Structures or structural components
primarily made of steel members attached
to each other appropriately.
Steel is excellent in both tension and
compression.
Since steel is primarily made of thin plate
like elements, they are susceptible to
buckling (local and overall).
Connections in steel are considerably
different from those in concrete. In steel,
the members are discrete or rolled
(fabricated) separately and are attached to
each other using appropriate connections.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

Shanghai world
finance centre

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Steel: The Material Facts

Modern steel was first produced in 1738 in Sheffield England known
as Crucible steel. It was very pure, but difficult and expensive to
produce.
British Inventor Henry Bessemer produced the first economical
steel in 1856.
Today steel is produced in over 50 countries all across the world.
To every ton of Portland Cement produced, 3 tons of wood and 10
tons of steel are produced.
In 2003, China was the first country to produce more than 200
million tons of crude steel in a year (more than 20% of the worlds
steel is produced in China).

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Steel: The Material Facts

China is the worlds largest consumer of steel (cars, general
industry, construction).
The United States and China are the largest importers of steel.
Japan is the largest exporter of steel.
Steel is the worlds most recycled material.
More than 60% of the steel produced annually is from recycled
steel.
Properties of steel are not altered by how many times it is recycled.
Per pound of material, steel is the most efficient of all building
materials.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Steel: The Material Facts

A small amount of steel can do load-carrying tasks with a
fraction of the material needed from other materials such as
concrete or wood.
Steel is the densest of structural materials and therefore
handles longer spans, and produces lighter structures with
the greatest economy.
Steel can be found in fasteners (nails), structural
components, rebar, sheet-metal, appliances, cars, ships,

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Types of Steel

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Steel making

Basic shapes in relative

proportion

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Steel rolling

Cast steel is a relatively weak mass of coarse, uneven metal crystals, or

'grains'. Rolling causes this coarse grain structure to re-crystallize into a
much finer grain structure, giving greater toughness, shock resistance and
tensile (stress) strength.

Rolling is the main method used to shape steel into different products
after it has been cast. There are two types of rolling - hot and cold.

The rolling process (for both hot and cold) consists of passing the steel
between two rolls revolving at the same speed but in opposite directions.
The gap between the rolls is smaller than the steel being rolled, so that
the steel is reduced in thickness and at the same time lengthened.

One set of rollers is called a stand, and in any one mill there can be a
number of stands. One length of steel can pass through a stand a number
of times so that it is gradually reduced in size and progressively rolled to
the desired shape. A slab 230mm thick can end up only 1.5mm thick, but
many times longer, after the hot rolling process.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Material Behaviour

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CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Material Behaviour

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Material Behaviour

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CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Material Behaviour

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Material Behaviour

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CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Typical Steel Use

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Typical Steel Use

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CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Steel Frame Structure

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Bridges

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Bridges

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CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Bridges

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

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CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
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Bridges

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CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel AESS

Exposed steel will
require special
processing that will
impact the cost and
schedule.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Typical Applications
The entire structure or key portions may use
AESS
Popular applications include
Hanging walkways
Framing in atriums and lobbies
Office interiors
Canopies
Airport terminals

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CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

2014
CE -515: Design of Steel Fall
Structures

Typical Applications

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