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English Outline Notes

Reading skills enable comprehension and independence when reading written text. There are four types of reading: skimming, scanning, extensive reading, and intensive reading. Topic sentences convey the main idea of a paragraph. Facts can be proven true or false while opinions express beliefs and cannot be proven. Inference draws conclusions from evidence while prediction guesses the future without evidence. Main ideas are supported by details. Coherence and transitions help connect ideas smoothly. Outlining, brainstorming, and note-taking are strategies for developing and organizing ideas during writing. Flow charts and mind maps visually represent processes and concepts. Paragraphs contain related sentences on a particular point.

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179 views

English Outline Notes

Reading skills enable comprehension and independence when reading written text. There are four types of reading: skimming, scanning, extensive reading, and intensive reading. Topic sentences convey the main idea of a paragraph. Facts can be proven true or false while opinions express beliefs and cannot be proven. Inference draws conclusions from evidence while prediction guesses the future without evidence. Main ideas are supported by details. Coherence and transitions help connect ideas smoothly. Outlining, brainstorming, and note-taking are strategies for developing and organizing ideas during writing. Flow charts and mind maps visually represent processes and concepts. Paragraphs contain related sentences on a particular point.

Uploaded by

iAmAamirRana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reading skills enable readers to turn writing into meaning and achieve the goals of

independence, comprehension, and fluency.


Definition
Reading skills are specific abilities which enable a reader

to read the written form as meaningful language


to read anything written with independence, comprehension and fluency, and
to mentally interact with the message.

Here are four different kinds of reading.

Skimming - running the eyes over quickly, to get the gist


e.g Reading a newspaper

Scanning - looking for a particular piece of information


e.g Train timetable

Extensive reading - longer texts for pleasure and needing global understanding
e.g Reading a novel or poem

Intensive reading - shorter texts, extracting specific information, accurate reading for
detail.
e.g Reading a recipe, Postcard

Topic Sentence (Identifying main idea):


A topic sentence tells you what a paragraph is about. It is the most important sentence in a
paragraph.
It contains the main idea of a paragraph.
The main idea will tell you what the rest
of the sentences (details) in a paragraph are about.
The topic sentence also tells what is happening!
It is usually the first sentence of a paragraph.

Distinguishing between Facts & Opinions:


A fact is a piece of information that can be strictly defined and proved true. An opinion is a
statement that expresses a belief, value, or feeling. An opinion cannot be proved true or false. For
example, a person's age is a fact, but if someone is asked how old they feel, it is impossible to
prove the person's answer to be true or false.

Facts are

things known for certain to have happened.


things known for certain to be true.
things known for certain to exist.

Opinions, on the other hand, are

things believed to have happened.


things believed to be true.
things believed to exist.

The Difference Between Inference & Prediction:


They are very similar but not the same thing.
A prediction is the act of reasoning about the future based on past experience. For example, we
can confidently predict that day will follow night. With prediction you can guess what happens
before and during the story or reaction. You don't really need any evidence you're just foretelling
what you think what will happen.
You infer by drawing a conclusion that combines information you already know with
information stated in the text. While inference you need some clues to infer. An inference you
will need some evidence or clues to judge off of.

Example:
Prediction- Aamir picked up a random book and predicted that it was comedy.

Main Idea and Supporting Details:


THE MAIN IDEA is what a selection's mostly aboutthe most important thing the author wants
readers to know. Other facts in the selection are details that support, or tell more about, the main
idea. Sometimes the main idea is stated directly.
Example
Grass is one of Earth's most useful plants. Most people think of it as the stuff that grows in the
yard and needs to be mowed, but there are thousands of different kinds. Wheat, rice, and other
grains are grasses that help people and animals exist!

The main idea is stated: Grass is a useful plant. But sometimes you have to find the main idea
yourself. To do that, use information from the text to figure it out.

Coherence
When sentences, ideas, and details fit together clearly, readers can follow along easily, and the
writing is coherent. The ideas tie together smoothly and clearly. To establish the links that
readers need, you can use the methods listed here. Note that good writers use a combination of
these methods. Do not rely on and overuse any single method especially transitional words.

Writing skills are an important part of communication. Good writing skills allow you to
communicate your message with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than through face-toface or telephone conversations.

Outlining:
A plan for--or a summary of--a writing project or speech.

An outline is usually in the form of a list divided into headings and subheadings that distinguish
main points from supporting points.

Generating ideas through different Strategies:


In composition, techniques for generating and developing ideas. Also known as heuristics.
Common discovery strategies include freewriting, listing, probing, brainstorming, clustering, and
outlining. Other methods of discovery include research, the journalists' questions, the interview,
and the pentad.

Note-taking
The practice of writing down or otherwise recording key points of information.
Note-taking is an important part of the research process. Notes taken on class lectures or
discussions may serve as study aids. Notes taken during an interview may provide material for an
essay, article, or book.
e.g at a meeting, or a lecture

Note making

Note making is the link between study reading and answering assignment questions. When
you are learning new material you have to ensure that the material is processed (encoded in your
memory) in such a manner that you understand and recall it.

Brainstorming (discovery strategy):


In composition, an invention and discovery strategy in which the writer collaborates with others
to explore topics, develop ideas, and/or propose solutions to a problem.
The purpose of a brainstorming session is to work as a group to define a problem and find a plan
of action to solve it.

Flow Charts:
A flowchart is a diagram that describes a process or operation. It includes multiple steps, which
the process "flows" through from start to finish. Each of these symbols is linked with arrows to
illustrate the flow direction of the process. Common uses for flowcharts include developing
business plans, defining troubleshooting steps, and designing mathematical algorithms. Some
flowcharts may only include a few steps, while others can be highly complex, containing
hundreds of possible outcomes.

Mind Map
A mind map is a visual representation of hierarchical information that includes a central idea
surrounded by connected branches of associated topics.

Paragraph Writing:
A paragraph (from the Greek paragraphs, "to write beside" or "written beside") is a selfcontained unit of a discourse in writing dealing with a particular point or idea. A paragraph
consists of one or more sentences.
Descriptive Paragraph:
A paragraph that describes a person, place, feeling, or idea.

Narrative Paragraph:
Narrative paragraphs are a lot of fun to write. Here you can tell your reader a
story from beginning to end. You don't have to imagine anything out of the ordinary only tell the story, tell what happened.
Persuasive Paragraph:
A paragraph that states an opinion and tries to convince readers to adopt the same
opinion.

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