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Writing With A Purpose (Compatibility Mode)

This document outlines the writing process and provides guidance for effectively writing. It discusses the stages of writing including planning, shaping, drafting, revising, and editing. It emphasizes understanding the central elements of any writing situation by selecting a subject, analyzing the audience, and determining the purpose. The document then provides guidelines for developing the key components of writing and revising for clarity, emphasis, economy, and variety. It concludes by discussing persuasive writing techniques such as logical, emotional, and ethical appeals.

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Doodo Sukmanata
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123 views

Writing With A Purpose (Compatibility Mode)

This document outlines the writing process and provides guidance for effectively writing. It discusses the stages of writing including planning, shaping, drafting, revising, and editing. It emphasizes understanding the central elements of any writing situation by selecting a subject, analyzing the audience, and determining the purpose. The document then provides guidelines for developing the key components of writing and revising for clarity, emphasis, economy, and variety. It concludes by discussing persuasive writing techniques such as logical, emotional, and ethical appeals.

Uploaded by

Doodo Sukmanata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

WRITING WITH A

PURPOSE

Introduction

Writing is hard work, but it is also opportunity.


You need confidence to overcome whatever
frustrations a writing assignment may present.
The stages of the writing process:
Planning (strategies to find and produce
information)
Shaping (strategies to organize materials)
Drafting (strategies to develop piece of writing)
Revising (strategies to re-examine and reevaluate piece of writing)
Editing (checking the technical correctness)
Proofreading (checking the final copy)

Attitudes of Experienced
Writers

Have faith in their writing habits (a special


environment, a disciplined schedule, and
familiar tools)
Understand the stages in their writing
process
Rely on the basic elements in any writing
situation to guide them as they work
(understand their subject, their audience,
and their purpose)
effective writing =
effective decision making

The Central Elements of writing


situation

Selecting your subject


Analyzing your audience
Determining your purpose
A Writer is always trying to
communicate a subject to an
audience for a purpose.

Guidelines for Selecting Your


Subjects

What do I know about my subject?


What is the focus of my subject ?
What is the significant about my
subject ?
What is interesting about my
subject ?
Is my subject manageable

Guidelines for Analyzing Your


Audience

Who are the readers that form the primary


audience for my writing?
What do my readers know or think they
know about my subject?
Why will my readers read my writing?
How can I interest my readers in may
subject
How can I help my readers read my writing

Guidelines for Determining


Your Purpose

What are the requirements of my writing


project?
As I proceed in this project, what do I need
to know?
What hypothesis can I use as my working
purpose?
What purpose have I discovered for this
writing project?
What is my thesis?

Methods of Development

Narration: What
happened?
Description: What
does it look like?
Illustration: How can
you document it?
Comparison:How is it
similar to or different
from something else?

Classification: What
kind of Subdivisions
does it contain?
Process Analysis:
How do you do it?
Causal Analysis: Why
did it happen?
Definition: How does
you characterize it?

Requirements for Effective


Paragraph

Unity:
Consistent development of the idea
Focus on that idea

Completeness
Order:
General to particular or vice versa
Whole to parts
Question to answer, or effect to cause

Coherence

Revising Sentences

Revision for Clarity (faulty grammar,


spelling, punctuation, ambiguos wording,
confusing sentence structure)
Revision for Emphasis (emphatic /climactic
word order, emphatic repetition, emphatic
voice)
Revision for Economy (amount of words
and meaning they convey)
Revision for Variety (through modification,
coordination, subordination, and word
order)

Three Qualities of Good Diction

Appropriateness (formal vs informal;


four types of words: learned, popular,
colloquial, and slang)
Specificity (specific and general)
Imagery (simile, metaphor, analogy,
personification, allusion)
Denotation and connotation

Revising Diction

Eliminating Vagueness (unclear or nonspecific utility words, )


Eliminating Jargon (highly abstract diction,
excessive use of jargon, conspicuous
wordiness)
Eliminating Triteness (clich, outdated
slang or expressions)
Eliminating Ineffective Imagery (mixed
metaphor)

Tone and Attitude

Informativeness (objective, factual,


impersonal) Vs Affectiveness
(subjective, persuasif, personal)
Distance (impersonal and remote Vs
personal and close)

Style

The style of a piece of writing is the


pattern of choices the writer makes in
developing his or her purpose. If the choices
are consistent, they create a harmony of
tone and language that constitutes the
style of work.
A description of the style of any piece of
writing is therefore an explanation of the
means by which the writer achieved his or
her purpose.

Practical Advices about Style

Let your purpose be your guide


Generally, choose a moderate style
Keep your style consistent (tone,
diction)
Try to see your writing as your reader
will see it
Be as specific as you can

Guidelines for Revising Your


Style

What is general impression of my writing?


What tone have I established in my writing?
How can I characterize the overall style of my
writing
Do my paragraphs work together to convey a
sense of order and substance?
Are my sentences well constructed and easy on
the ear?
Have I used words as effectively as possible?

Means of Persuasion

Ethical Appeal Winning the trust of


your readers (trustworthiness,
knowledgeability, fairness)
Emotional Appeal Appealing to
their emotions
Logical Appeal Convincing them
through the logic of argument

Common Types of Arguments

Types of premises (statement of fact,


judgements, and expert testimony)
Types of Inferences (generalization,
causal relation, causal generalization,
analogy)

References
Spatt, Brenda (1983). Writing from
Sources. New York: St. Martins Press
Trimmer, Joseph F. and Sommers,
Nancy I. (1984). Writing with a
Purpose. Eighth Edition, Boston:
Houghton Mifflin Company.

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