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M.Sc.Syllabus
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PH5010MathematicalPhysics
Orthogonalandcurvilinearcoordinates.Scalarandvectorfields,Vectordifferentialoperators:gradient,curl.divergenceandLaplacian.Vectoroperatorsincurvilinearcoordinates.
Gauss'theorem.Green'stheoremandStokes'theorem:applicationstophysicalproblems.Tensors.Partialdifferentialequations:applicationsinelectrostatics,LaplaceandPoisson
equations:heatconduction,diffusion,elasticandelectromagneticwaves.Schrodingerwaveequation.Solutionsinrectangular,sphericalpolarandcylindricalpolarcoordinates.
Boundaryconditions.
Linearvectorspacesandrepresentations.Matrices.Similaritytransformations,diagonalization,orthogonality.Hermitianmatrices.
Elementsofcomplexvariables.Residuetheoremandcontourintegration.
Special functions: Bessel, Hermite, Legendre, Laugerre polynomials: generating functions and orthonormality. Addition theorem for spherical harmonics, application in heat
conduction,diffusion,waveequationsetc.,Diracdeltafunctionanditsrepresentations.
Fourieranalysis.Fouriertransforms,Laplacetransformsandapplicationsinphysics.

References:
1. G.Arfken,MathematicalMethodsforPhysicists.AcademicPress.3rdEdition(1985).
2. I.N.Sneddon,SpecialFunctionsofMathematicalPhysicsandChemistry,Longman(1980).
3. L.A.PipesandL.R.Harwill,AppliedMathematicsforPhysicistsandEngineers,McGrawHill(1971).
4. P.K.Chattopadhyay,MathematicalPhysics,WileyEastern(1990)
5. C.R.WylieandL.C.Barrett.AdvancedEngineeringMathematics,5thEdition,McGrawHill(1982).
6. E.Kreyszig,AdvancedEngineeringMathematics,WileyEastern,SthEdition(1991).
7. M.R.SpiegelinSchaum'soutlineseries,McGrawHill(1964).(i)VectorAnalysis(ii)ComplexVariables(iii)LaplaceTransforms(iv)Matrices(v)DifferentialEquations(vi)
GroupTheory.
8. H.Cohen,MathematicsforScientistsandEngineers,PrenticeHall(1992).

PH5020ElectromagneticTheory
Electrostatics:LaplaceandPoissonequations.Boundaryvalueproblems.DirichletandNeumannboundaryconditions.Methodofimages.ConceptoftheGreenfunctionanditsuse
inboundaryvalueproblems.Magnetostatics:Ampere'slawandBiotSavart'slaw.Conceptofavectorpotential.
Maxwellequationsandelectromagneticwaves.Maxwellequations(bothdifferentialandintegralformulations).BoundaryconditionsonfieldvectorsD,E,BandH.Vectorandscalar
potentials.Gaugetransformations:LorentzandCoulombgauges.Greenfunctionforthewaveequation.Poynting'stheorem.Conservationlawsformacroscopicmedia.
Propagation of plane waves and spherical waves in free space, dielectrics and conducting media. Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves. Superposition of waves.
Radiationfromanoscillatingdipoleandradiationfromanacceleratingcharge.Electromagneticstresstensor.
WaveGuides:Modesinrectangularandcylindricalwaveguides(conductinganddielectric).Resonantcavities.Evanescentwaves.Energydissipation.Qofacavity.

References:
1. J.D.Jackson,ClassicalElectrodynamics,WileyEastern,2ndEdition(1975).
2. DavidJ.Griffiths,IntroductiontoElectrodynamics,PrenticeHallofIndia,2ndEdition,(1989).
3. J.R.Reitz.,F.J.MilfordandR.W.Christy,FoundationsofElectromagneticTheory,3rdEdition,NarosaPub.House(1979).
4. P.LorrainandD.Corson,ElectromagneticFieldsandWaves.CBSPublishersandDistributors(1986).
5. B.H.Chirgwin,C.PlumptonandC.W.Kilmister,ElementaryElectromagneticTheory,Vols.1,2and3"PergamonPress(1972).

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PH5030ClassicalMechanics
Mechanicsofasystemofparticlesinvectorform.Conservationoflinearmomentum,energyandangularmomentum.Degreesoffreedom,generalisedcoordinatesandvelocities.
Lagrangian, action principle, external action, EulerLagrange equations. Constraints. Applications of the Lagrangian formalism. Generalised momenta, Hamiltonian, Hamilton's
equationsofmotion.Legendretransform,relationtoLagrangianformalism.Phasespace,Phasetrajectories.Applicationstosystemswithoneandtwodegreesoffreedom.
Centralforceproblem,Keplerproblem,boundandscatteringmotions.Scatteringinacentralpotential,Rutherfordformula,scatteringcrosssection.
Noninertialframesofreferenceandpseudoforces:centrifugalCoriolisandEulerforces.Elementsofrigidbodydynamics.Eulerangles.Thesymmetrictop.SmalloscillationsNormal
modeanalysis.Normalmodesofaharmonicchain.
Elementary ideas on general dynamical systems: conservative versus dissipative systems. Hamiltonian systems and Liouville's theorem. Canonical transformations, Poisson
brackets.Actionanglevariables.Nonintegrablesystemsandelementsofchaoticmotion.
Specialrelativity:Internalframes.Principleandpostulateofrelativity.Lorentztransformations.Lengthcontraction,timedilationandtheDopplereffect.Velocityadditionformula.Four
vectornotation.Energymomentumfourvectorforaparticle.Relativisticinvarianceofphysicallaws.

References:
1. H.Goldstein,ClassicalMechanics,2ndEdition,NarosaPub.House(1989).
2. I.PercivalandD.Richards,IntroductiontoDynamics,CambridgeUniversityPress(1987)[Chapters4,5,6,7inparticular.alsopartsofChapter13,9,10].
3. D.Rindler,SpecialTheoryofRelativity,OxfordUniversityPress(1982).

PH5040Electronics
IntroductiontoIntegratedCircuits
DifferentialamplifiersusingTransistors
Operationalamplifiers
Features
Characteristics
Negativefeedbackconfigurations
Mathematicaloperationsapplicationcircuits
Nonlinearapplications
Comparator
Windowcomparator
Regenerativecomparator
Relaxationoscillator
LogandAntilogamplifiers
Multiplier,squareandsquarerootcircuits

NE555,principleofoperationandapplications
IntroductiontoDigitallogicgates
Combinationalcircuits
ReductionusingKarnaughmap
Implementationusinguniversalgates
Arithmeticcircuits
Lookaheadcarryimplementation
BinaryBCDaddition

Decodersandencoders
Multiplexersanddemultiplexerstheirapplications
Flipflops,typesandimplementation
Conversions,triggering,master/slaveimplementation

Registers
Binaryupdowncounters
Synchronouscounters

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RingandJohnsoncounters

Randomsequencegenerators
7segmentdisplaydevices

AtoDandDtoAconverters
Applicationsofdigitalcircuits
Digitalclock,stopwatch,frequencyandperiodcounter,digitalvoltmeteretc.

Introductiontomicroprocessors
Briefoutlineof8085processor
Instructionset
Simpleprogrammingexamples
Pickthelargestnumber
Delay
Arithmeticoperationwithsingleandmultiyear
Blockmovewithoverlappingmemoryaddress
Ascendinganddescendingordering

TestBooks:
1. ElectronicPrinciples5thEdition,AlbertPaulMalvino
TanaMcGrawHillPublishingCompanyLtd.,NewDelhi,1993
2. DigitalPrinciplesandApplications5thEdition
AlbertPaulMalvinoDonaldP.Lcach
TanaMcGrawHillPublishingCompanyLtd.,NewDelhi,1994
3. MicroprocessorArchitecture,ProgramminganditsApplicationswiththe885/8080Alatestedition,
5theditionRameshS.Gaonkar
WileyEasternLtd.,NewDelhi,Bangalore,Madras.,2002
4. DigitalFundamentals9thedition,
ThomasL.Floyd,
PrenticeHall,July13,2005
5. DigitalDesign3rdedition,
M.MorrisMano
PrenticeHall,2001
6. DigitalDesign4thedition,
M.MorrisMano
PrenticeHall,2006.

PH5080StatisticalPhysics
Systems with a very large number of degrees of freedom: the need for statistical mechanics. Macrostates, microstates and accessible microstates. Fundamental postulate of
equilibriumstatisticalmechanics.
Probabilitydistributions.Microcanonicalensemble,Boltzmann'sformulaforentropy.Canonicalensemble,partitionfunction,freeenergy.calculationofthermodynamicquantities.
Classicalidealgas.MaxwellBoltzmanndistribution,equipartitiontheorem.Paramagnetism,LangevinandBrillouinfunctions,Curie'slaw.
Quantumstatistics:systemsofidentical,indistinguishableparticles,spin,symmetryofwavefunctions,bosons,Pauli'sexclusionprinciple,fermions.Grandcanonicalensemble.Bose
EinsteinandFermiDiracdistributions.Degeneracy.Freeelectrongas,Pauliparamagnetism.Blackbodyradiation.BoseEinsteincondensation.Einsteinmodeloflatticevibrations.
phonons,Debye'stheoryofthespecificheatofcrystals.
Phasediagrams,phaseequilibriaandphasetransitions.Meanfjeldtheoryofliquidgastransition(VanderWaalsmodel)andferromagnetparamagnettransition(Weiss'molecular
fieldtheory).Heisenbergexchangeinteractionandtheoriginofferromagnetism.ElementaryideasonIsingandHeisenbergmodelsofferromagnetism.

References:
1. D.Chandler,IntroductiontoModernStatisticalMechanics,OxfordUniversitypress(1987).
2. C.J.Thompson,EquilibriumStatisticalMechanics,ClarendonPress(1988).
3. F.Reif,FundamentalsofStatisticalandThermalPhysics,InternationalStudentEdition,McGrawHill(1988).

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4. K.Huand,StatisticalMechanics,IJ\IileyEastern(1988).
5. L.D..LandauandE.M.Lifshitz,StatisticalPhysics(Par1I),3rdEdition,PergamonPress(1989).
6. F.Reif,StatisticalPhysics(BerkeleyPhysicsCourse,Vol.5),McGrawHill(1967).
7. F.Mandl,StatisticalPhysics,2ndedition,ELBS&Wiley(1988)
8. E.S.R.Gopal,StatisticalMechanicsandPropertiesofMatterMacMillanIndia(1988).
9. R.Kubo.StatisticalPhysicsProblemsandSolutions,NorthHolland(1965).
10. Y.K.Lim,ProblemsandSolutionsinThermodynamicsandStatisticalMechanics,WorldScientific(1990).

PH5100QuantumMechanicsI
Basicprinciplesofquantummechanics.Probabilitiesandprobabilityamplitudes.Linearvectorspaces.Braandketvectors.Completeness,orthonormality,basissets.Changeof
basis.Eigenstatesandeigenvalues.Positionandmomentumrepresentations.Wavefunctions,probabilitydensities,probabilitycurrent.Schrodingerequation.Expectationvalues.
Generalizeduncertaintyrelation.
OnedimensionalpotentialproblemsParticleinabox.Potentialbarriers.Tunnelling.
Linearharmonicoscillator:wavefunctionapproachandoperatorapproach.
Motioninthreedimensions.Centralpotentialproblem.Orbitalangularmomentumoperators.Sphericalharmonics.Eigenvaluesoforbitalangularmomentumoperators.
Thehydrogenatomanditsenergyeigenvalues.
Chargedparticleinauniformconstantmagneticfield,energyeigenvaluesandeigenfunctions.SchrodingerandHeisenbergpicturesHeisenbergequationofmotion.Interaction
picture.
Semiclassicalapproximation:theWKBmethod
Timeindependentperturbationtheory.Nondegenerateanddegeneratecases.Examples.
Timedependentperturbationtheory.Transitionprobabilities.Suddenandadiabaticapproximations.Fermigoldenrule.
Thevariationalmethod:simpleexamples.

References:
1. E.Merzbacher,QuantumMechanics,2ndEdition,WileyInternationalEdition(1970).
2. V.K.Thankappan,QuantumMechanics.WileyEastern(1985)
3. J.J.Sakurai,ModernQuantumMechanics,BenjaminCummings(1985).
4. R.P.Feynman,R.B.LeightonandM.Sands,TheFeynmanLecturesonPhysics,Vol.3,NarosaPub.House(1992).
5. P.M.MathewsandK.Venkatesan,ATextbookofQuantumMechanics,TataMcGrawHill(1977).

PH5110Optics
Geometricoptics:Eikonalequations,Fermat'sprincipleandappicationstolawsofreflectionandrefraction.Parsevaloptics,ABCDmatrixdescriptionoflenses,mirrors,etc.
Aberrations:Wavefrontaberrationcoefficients,Transverseraycoefficients,sphericalaberration,coma,astigmatism,fieldcurvature,distortionsandaberrationreduction.
Dispersion:phaseandgroupvelocity,materialdispersion,normalandanomalousdispersion,chromaticaberration.
Fouriertechniques:Fourieranalysis,Fouriertransforms,diffractionoflight,Fouriertransformationbypropagation,lensesandtheirdescriptioninFouriertransformationandimaging.
Spreadfunctions,modulationtransferfunctions,convolution,etc.
Diffractiontheoryofimageformation,opticaldataprocessing,Coherence,classicalcoherencefunctions,autocorrelationfunctionandtimecoherence.Spatialcoherence,mutual
coherencefunctions,visibilityoffringes.
Crystaloptics:doublerefraction.Polarizationandanisotropyofwavepropagationincrystals,dielectricandopticalindicatrix,uniaxialandbiaxialcrystals.
Nonlinearopticssusceptibilitytensorandwavepropagationinnonlinearmedia.
Waveguideoptics:propogationanddispersionincylindricalandplanarwaveguides.

References:
1. MaxBornandEmilWolfe,PrinciplesofOptics,PergamonPress,6thEdition(1985).
2. M.V.KleinandT.E.Furtak,Optics,2ndedition,JohnWiley(1986).
3. R.S.Sirohi,WaveOpticsandApplications,OrientLongman(1992)
4. A.K.GhatakandK.Thyagarajan,ContemporaryOptics,PlenumPub.Co.(1978).

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5. J.R.MayerArendtM.D.IntroductiontoClassicalandModernOptics,2ndEdition,PrenticeHall(1988).
6. R.S.SirohiandM.P.Kothiyal,OpticalComponents,SystemsandMeasurementTechniques,MarcellDekker(1991).
7. R.DGuenther,ModernOptics,JohnWiley(1990)
8. P.Hariharan,OpticalHolography,CambridgeUniversityPress(1984).
9. D.Casasent,(ed),OpticalDataProcessing,SpringerVerlag(1978).

PH5120PhysicsLaboratoryII
Arcspectra:analysisoflineandbandspectra
G.M.counter
Curietemperature
Millikan'soildropmethod:electroncharge
Velocityofultrasonicwavesinliquids(a)bydiffraction(b)byinteferometer.
TwymanGreeninterferometer.
Fouriertransformprocessor.
Halleffect.Scintillationcounter.
Xraypowderphotograph
MagnetostrictionThermalexpansion:Fizeau'smethod
Latentheatofliquidnitrogen.Absorptionspectrumofcolourcenters
spectrophotomerter.

References:
WorsnopandFlint,AdvancedPracticalPhysicsforStudentsMethusen&Go.(1950).
E.V.Smith,ManualforExperimentsinAppliedPhysics.Butterworths(1970).
R.A.Dunlap,ExperimentalPhysics:ModernMethods,OxfordUniversityPress(1988).
D.Malacara(ed),MethodsofExperimentalPhysics,SeriesofVolumes,AcademicPressInc.(1988).

PH5160CondensedMatterPhysicsI
Classificationofcondensedmatter:crystalline,noncrystalline,nanophasesolids,liquids.Crystallinesolids:Bravaislattices,crystalsystems,pointgroups,spacegroupsandtypical
structures.
Crystal symmetry and macroscopic physical properties: tensors of various ranks: pyroelectricity, ferroelectricity, electrical conductivity, piezoelectricity and elasticity tensors.
Propagationofelasticwavesincrystalsandmeasurementofelasticconstants.
Diffractionofwavesbycrystals:Xrays,neutrons,electrons.Bragg'slawindirectandreciprocallattice.Structurefactor.Principlesofdiffractiontechniques.Brillouinzones.
Typesofbinding.Ioniccrystals:BornMayerpotential.ThermochemicalBomHabercycle.VanderWaalsbinding:raregascrystalsandbindingenergies.Covalentandmetallic
binding:characteristicfeaturesandexamples.
Lattice dynamics: monoatomic and diatomic lattices. Bornvon Karman method. Phonon frequencies and density of states. Dispersion curves, inelastic neutron scattering.
ReststrahlenSpecificheat.Thermalexpansion.Thermalconductivity.NormalandUmklappprocesses.
Freeelectrontheoryofmetals.Thermalandtransportproperties.HalleffectElectronicspecificheat.
Blochfunctions.Nearlyfreeelectronapproximation.Formationofenergybands.GapsatBrillouinzoneboudaries.Electronstatesandclassificationintoinsulators,conductorsand
semimetals.Effectivemassandconceptofholes.Fermisurface.Cyclotronresonance.
Semiconductors: carrier statistics in intrinsic and extrinsic crystals, electrical conductivity. Liquid crystal: thermotropic and lyotropic. Nematics and sematics: applications.
Amorphous/glassystates.

References:
1. CharlesKittel,IntroductiontoSolidStatePhysics,Wiley,5thEdition(1976).
2. A.J.Dekker.SolidStatePhysics,PrenticeHall,(1957)
3. N.W.AshcroftandN.D.Mermin,SolidStatePhysics,SaundersCollegePublishing(1976).
4. J.S.Blakemore,SolidStatePhysics,2ndEdition,CambridgeUniversityPress.(1974).
5. MendelSachs,SolidStateTheory,McGrawHill(1963)
6. HaraldbachandHansLuth,SolidStatePhysics,SpringerInternationalStudentEdition,NarosaPub.House,(1991).

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PH5170QuantumMechanicsII
Orbitalandspinangularmomentum.Angularmomentumalgebra.Eigenstatesandeigenvaluesofangularmomentum.Additionofangularmomenta,ClebschGordoncoefficients.
IrreducibletensoroperatorsandtheWignerEckarttheorem.
Systems of identical particles. Symmetric and antisymmetric wavefunctions. Bosons and Fermions. Pauli's exclusion principle. Second quantization, occupation number
representation.
Nonrelativisticscatteringtheory.Scatteringamplitudeandcrosssection.Theintegralequationforscattering.Bornapproximation.Partialwaveanalysis.Theopticaltheorem.
Elementsofrelativisticquantummechanics.TheKleinGordonequation.TheDiracequation.Diracmatrices,spinors.Positiveandnegativeenergysolutions,physicalinterpretation.
NonrelativisticlimitoftheDiracequation.

References:
1. J.J.SakuraiModernQuantumMechanics,Benjamin/Cummings(1985).
2. P.A.M.Dirac,ThePrinciplesofQuantumMechanics,OxfordUniversityPress(1991).
3. L.D.LandauandE.M.Lifshitz,QuantumMechanicsNonrelativisticTheory,3rdEdition,Pergamon(1981).
4. P.M.MathewsandK.Venkatesan,ATextbookofQuantumMechanics,TataMcGrawHill(1977).
5. J.BjorkenandS.Drell,RelativisticQuantumMechanics,McGrawHill(1965).
6. A.Messiah,QuantumMechanics,Vols.1and2,NorthHolland(1961)

PH5210CondensedMatterPhysicsII
Internalelectricfieldinadielectric.ClausiusMossottiandLorentzLorenzequations.Pointdipole,deformationdipoleandshellmodels.Dielectricdispersionandloss.Ferroelectrics:
typesandmodelsofferroelectrictransition.
Diamagnetic susceptibility. Quantum theory of paramagnetism. Transition metal ions and rare earth ions in solids. Crystal field effect and orbital quenching. Ferromagnetic and
antiferromagneticordering.CurieWeisstheory,Heisenbergtheory,CurieandNeeltemperatures.Domainwalls,Spinwavesandmagnondispersion.
Opticalpropertiesofsolids:bandtobandabsorption,excitons.polarons.Colourcentres.Luminescence.Photoconductivity.Pointdefects:Thermodynamicsofpointdefects.Frenkel
andSchottkydefects.Formationenthalpies.Diffusionandionicconductivity.Superionicmaterials.
Extendeddefects:dislocations,modelsofscrewandedgedislocations.Burgersvector.Stressfieldarounddislocations,interactionbetweendislocationswithpointdefects.Work
hardening.
Superconductivity,experimentalandtheoreticalaspects,newmaterialsandmodels.

Referenes:
1. CharlesKittel,IntroductiontoSolidStatePhysics,Wiley,5thEdition,(1976).
2. A.J.Dekker,SolidStatePhysics,PrenticeHall(1957).
3. N.W.AshcroftandN.D.Mermin,SolidStatePhysics,SaundersCollegePublishing(1976).
4. J.S.Blakemore,SolidStatePhysics,2ndEdition,CambridgeUniversityPress,(1974).
5. MendelSachs,SolidStateTheory,McGrawHill(1963).
6. A.O.E.Animalu,IntermediateQuantumTheoryofSolids,PrenticeHall(1977).

PH6110ClassicalFieldTheory
Lorentztransformations:infinitesimalgenerators,metrictensors,thelightcone.Contravariantandcovariantvectorsandtensors.
Classicalfieldtheoryofarealscalarfield:action,Lagrangiandensity,EulerLagrangefieldequation.Theconjugatemomentum.Hamiltoniandensity,energymomentumtensor,
physicalinterpretation.
Angularmomentumtensorforarealscalarfield.InvarianceunderLorentztransformationsandconservationofangularmomentum.Internaldegreesoffreedomandsymmetrization
oftheenergymomentumtensor.
complexscalarfield:Lagrangian,fieldequations,globalfieldinvarience.
Noether'stheorem:transformations,invarianceandconservedquantities.Translations,rotations,Lorentzandgaugetransformationsasillustrations.
Themasslessvectorfield:Lagrangian,fieldequations,Lorentzcondition.Thefieldtensor,Maxwell'sequations.Energydensity,Poyntingvector.Invarianceoftheelectromagnetic
field.Lorentztransformationpropertiesofelectricandmagneticfields.Minimalcouplingofmatterfieldstotheelectromagneticfield.Covariantderivative,localgaugeinvariance,

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continuityequationforthecurrent,chargeconservation.
Generalcovariance.Curvedspace,metrictensor,connection,paralleltransport,covariantderivative,curvaturetensor.Principleofequivalence.Gravitationalfieldequations.

References:
1. L.D.LandauandE.M.Lifshitz,TheClassicalTheoryofFields,4thEdition,Pergamon(1975).
2. M.R.Spiegel.VectorAnalysis,SchaumOutlineSeries,McGrawHill(1974).
3. M.Carmeli,ClassicalFields,Wiley(1982).
4. A.O.Barut,ElectrodynamicsandClassicalTheoryofFields,Chapter1,MacMillan(1986).
5. C.ItzyksonandJ.8.Zuber,QuantumFieldTheory,InternationalStudentEdition,Chapter1(1986).

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