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PS5 Solutions

This document contains solutions to physics problems from Problem Set #5 in Physics 141B taught in Spring 2010 at an unspecified university. The problems involve electromagnetic wave propagation in conducting materials, tight-binding models of molecular excitons, and the London theory of superconductivity. Key results include expressions for the skin depth of a conductor, the Davydov splitting of exciton energies, and the magnetic field and thickness dependence of the critical field for a type-II superconducting thin film.

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Yenhao Philip Chen
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81 views

PS5 Solutions

This document contains solutions to physics problems from Problem Set #5 in Physics 141B taught in Spring 2010 at an unspecified university. The problems involve electromagnetic wave propagation in conducting materials, tight-binding models of molecular excitons, and the London theory of superconductivity. Key results include expressions for the skin depth of a conductor, the Davydov splitting of exciton energies, and the magnetic field and thickness dependence of the critical field for a type-II superconducting thin film.

Uploaded by

Yenhao Philip Chen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 141B, Spring 2010

Problem Set #5 Solutions


David Strubbe

1. (Kittel 15.6)
We are given
() = 1 +

4i0
= N 2 = (n + iK)2

We can solve for n and K via




1/2 



4i0 1/2

4i0 1/2
N = = 1+
+1
=

4i0

(1)

(2)

Using 0 ,
N

4i0

1/2

40

1/2

40

1/2

1+i

(3)

Thus
nK

(4)

The reflectance is
(n 1)2 + K 2
n2 2n + 1 + K 2
2n2 2n + 1
R=
=

n2 + 2n + 1 + K 2
2n2 + 2n + 1
(n + 1)2 + K 2

1/2
 1/2
4
2
0

1
1

2
40
n1
2n 2n
2
=

2
=
 1/2
1/2
2n + 2n
n+1
4
2
0
1
+
+
1
40
2

!1/2 2
!1/2


2
2
2 1/2

1
=1
12
40
40
0
1

(5)

(6)

(7)

2. (Kittel 15.7)
Despite the different way Kittel describes the Frenkel-exciton problem, the
method is exactly that of tight-binding. Each atom has two nearest neighbors of the other type. The onsite energies are A , B . The problem does
not specify the internal lattice parameter (i.e. the A-B distance), but this
just gives an overall phase factor in the hopping matrix elements which we
can ignore. Then our Hamiltonian is


A
T1 + T2 eika
H=
(8)
T1 + T2 eika
B
We solve for eigenvalues in the usual, obtaining the characteristic equation

2


(Ek A ) (Ek B ) T1 + T2 eika = 0
(9)

2


= Ek2 (A + A ) Ek + A B T1 + T2 eika
(10)
The quadratic formula gives
r
1
1
2
(A + A )2 A B + |T1 + T2 eika |
Ek = (A + A )
2
4

The Davydov splitting at k = 0 then is


r
1
E = 2
(A + A )2 A B + (T1 + T2 )2
4

(11)

(12)

3. (Kittel 10.1)
a) We must solve the London equation 2 2 B (x) = B (x) with boundary
conditions B (/2) = B (/2) = Ba . A general solution to the London
equation is B (x) = Cex/ + Dex/ . By symmetry about x = 0, C = D, so


x
(13)
B (x) = C ex/ + ex/ = 2C cosh

The boundary conditions

B (/2) = 2C cosh

= Ba
2

(14)

give a final solution


B (x) = Ba

cosh x

cosh 2

(15)

b) The magnetization is
!

(16)

!
ex/ + ex/
1
e/2 + e/2

(17)

4M (x) = B (x) Ba = Ba
= Ba

cosh x

cosh 2

Now we can use the Taylor expansion, given :



 

y2
y2
y
y
e +e 1+y+
+ ... + 1 y +
= 2 + y2
2
2

4M (x) Ba

2+
2+

x2
2
2
42

2+

= Ba

x2
2

2
42

2 + 4
2

 2
4x 2
= Ba
82 + 2

Neglecting with respect to in the denominator,



 2

Ba
4x 2
= 2 2 4x2
4M (x) Ba
2
8
8

(18)

(19)
(20)

(21)

4. (Kittel 10.2)
a) From equation (10.4), dF = M dBa . By integrating from zero field to the
actual value,
Z

Ba

M dB
F (x, Ba ) = US (0)
0
Z Ba

1
B
2
2
= US (0) +

4x
dB
4 0 82
Z
 Ba
1
2
2
B dB

4x
= US (0) +
322
0

Ba2
= US (0) +
2 4x2
2
64

(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)

(Ignoring the kinetic-energy contribution is using US (0) instead of FS (0).)

b)
Z

1 /2 Ba2
2 4x2 dx
hF (x, Ba ) US (0)i =
2
/2 64


Z
/2

Ba2
Ba2
4 3 /2
2
2
2
=

4x
dx
=

x

642 /2
642
3
/2

 2

2
3
3
2
2
Ba
Ba 2
4
B

=
=
2 3
= a
2
2
64
3 8
64 3
96

(26)
(27)
(28)

c) The free-energy difference between the normal and superconducting phases,


per unit area of the film, is
B2
F
H2
= c= f
A
8
96

 2

(29)

This reduces to
Hc2 =

Bf2
12

 2

Solving for the critical field Bf of the film,


 

Bf = 12 Hc

(30)

(31)

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