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Lecture 5

DC motors operate using the principle that a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a mechanical force. There are several types of DC motors including shunt wound, series wound, and compound wound. Shunt wound motors have field windings in parallel with the armature, series wound motors have field windings in series with the armature, and compound wound motors contain both series and parallel field windings. The back EMF induced in the armature regulates the current drawn by the motor to match the load requirement. Maximum power output occurs when the back EMF equals half the applied voltage.

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Emmac01
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36 views

Lecture 5

DC motors operate using the principle that a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a mechanical force. There are several types of DC motors including shunt wound, series wound, and compound wound. Shunt wound motors have field windings in parallel with the armature, series wound motors have field windings in series with the armature, and compound wound motors contain both series and parallel field windings. The back EMF induced in the armature regulates the current drawn by the motor to match the load requirement. Maximum power output occurs when the back EMF equals half the applied voltage.

Uploaded by

Emmac01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12/12/2010

DC Motors
Although ac motors are used in
most of the cases, DC motors
have many applications and
used for multi-purpose
applications.

Nahid

DC Motor Principle
A machine that converts dc power into
mechanical energy is known as dc motor. Its
operation is based on the principle that when a
current carrying conductor is placed in a
magnetic field, the conductor experiences a
mechanical force. The direction of the force is
given by Flemings right hand rule.

Nahid

12/12/2010

Fleming Left Hand Rule

Nahid

Nahid

12/12/2010

Back or Counter EMF


When the armature of a d.c.
motor rotates under the
influence of the driving
torque, the armature
conductors move through
the magnetic field and hence
an e.m.f. is induced in them.
The induced e.m.f. acts in opposite direction to the
applied voltage V(Lenzs law) and is known as back or
counter e.m.f. Eb.
Nahid

Significance of Back E.M.F


The presence of back e.m.f. makes the d.c.
motor a self-regulating machine i.e., it makes
the motor to draw as much armature current as
is just sufficient to develop the torque required
by the load.
Back e.m.f. in a d.c. motor regulates the flow of
armature current i.e., it automatically changes
the armature current to meet the load
requirement.

Nahid

12/12/2010

DC Motor Types
Shunt Wound
Series Wound
Compound wound

Nahid

Shunt Wound Motor


In shunt wound motor the
field winding is connected in
parallel with armature.
The current through the shunt
field winding is not the same
as the armature current.
Shunt field windings are designed to produce the
necessary m.m.f. by means of a relatively large number
of turns of wire having high resistance. Therefore, shunt
field current is relatively small compared with the
armature current
Nahid

12/12/2010

Series Wound Motor


In series wound motor the field
winding is connected in series
with the armature. Therefore,
series field winding carries the
armature current. Since the
current passing through a series
field winding is the same as the
armature current, series field
windings must be designed with much fewer turns than
shunt field windings for the same mmf.
Therefore, a series field winding has a relatively small
number of turns of thick wire and, therefore, will possess
a low resistance.
Nahid

Compound Wound (Short-shunt)


Compound wound motor has
two field windings; one
connected in parallel with the
armature and the other in series
with it. There are two types of
compound motor connections
1) Short-shunt connection
2) Long shunt connection
When the shunt field winding is directly connected
across the armature terminals it is called short-shunt
connection.
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12/12/2010

Compound Wound (Long-shunt)


When the shunt winding
is so connected that it
shunts the series
combination of armature
and series field it is called
long-shunt connection.

Nahid

11

Voltage Equation of Motors


Let in a d.c. motor
V = applied voltage
Eb = back e.m.f.
Ra = armature resistance
Ia = armature current
Since back e.m.f. Eb acts in opposition
to the applied voltage V, the net
voltage across the armature circuit is VEb. The armature current Ia is given by

This is known as voltage equation of the d.c. motor


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12/12/2010

Condition For Maximum Power


The mechanical power developed by the motor is
Since, V and Ra are fixed, power developed by the motor depends
upon armature current. For maximum power,
should be
zero.

Hence mechanical power developed by the motor is maximum


when back e.m.f. is equal to half the applied voltage.
Nahid

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