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Tutorial 4 Solutions

This document provides solutions to 12 structural mechanics problems involving the calculation of support reactions, drawing of shear force diagrams (SFD), bending moment diagrams (BMD), and axial force diagrams (AFD) for beams and structures with various loading conditions. The problems cover cantilevers, simply supported beams, beams with point loads and distributed loads, inclined loads, and structures with shear and moment transitions at corners. The solutions show the step-by-step work for each problem, including free body diagrams, differential equations where needed, and the resulting diagrams with key values marked.

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257 views

Tutorial 4 Solutions

This document provides solutions to 12 structural mechanics problems involving the calculation of support reactions, drawing of shear force diagrams (SFD), bending moment diagrams (BMD), and axial force diagrams (AFD) for beams and structures with various loading conditions. The problems cover cantilevers, simply supported beams, beams with point loads and distributed loads, inclined loads, and structures with shear and moment transitions at corners. The solutions show the step-by-step work for each problem, including free body diagrams, differential equations where needed, and the resulting diagrams with key values marked.

Uploaded by

їэasħaŗ ēŗ.ďuηĭyą
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURAL MECHANICS 2

Tutorial 4: Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

Solutions
For each of the structures shown below, perform the following steps, marking key values on all diagrams:
a) Calculate the support reactions; b) Draw the shear force diagram: c) Draw the bending moment diagram, and d) where
appropriate, draw the axial force diagram.
1) Point loaded cantilever
Calculate the support reactions: VA = 9 kN, MA = 97 = 63 kNm
Sketch the structure

9kN

9kN

7m
13m
Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

+
A
Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

-63kNm

2) Cantilever with two loads


Calculate the support reactions: VA = 110 50 = 60 N, MA = 11015 + 5021 = 600 Nmm
Sketch the structure

110N

B
50N

15mm
21mm
Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

60N

A
-50N
Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

300Nmm

-600Nmm
3) Cantilever with distributed load
Calculate the support reactions: VA = 92 + 5 = 23 kN, MA = 924.5 512 = 141 kNm
Sketch the structure

2kN/m

5kN
B

9m
12m
Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

23kN
5kN

A
Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

slope continuous

B
linear

parabolic

-141kNm

15kNm

4) symmetrically loaded SS beam


Calculate the support reactions: VA = 8 kN, VB = 8 kN
Sketch the structure

8kN

8kN

7m

7m
19m

Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

8kN

+
A

-8kN

Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

56kNm

5) SS beam with cantilever


Calculate the support reactions: VA = 57/11 = 3.18 kN, VB = +8.18 kN
Sketch the structure

5kN

11m

7m

Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

8.18kN

-3.18kN

Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

-35.0kNm

6) antisymmetrically loaded SS beam


Calculate the support reactions: VA = (-1217 - 129)/8 = -39.0 kN, VB = +39.0 kN
Sketch the structure

9m

12kN

12kN

9m
26m

Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

12kN 12kN

+
A

-27kN
Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

108kNm

-108kNm

7) beam with distributed load


Calculate the support reactions: VA = (874 472)/8 = 21.0 kN, VB = 127 21.0 = 63.0 kN
Sketch the structure

7kN/m

8m

4m

Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

A 21kN

28kN

-35kN
Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

31.5kNm

+
A

Max moment
aligned with
zero in SFD

-56.0kNm

Peak moment occurs when z = 21/7 = 3.0m


2

Peak moment value is Mmax = 213.0 (7/2)(3.0) = 31.5 kNm


8) beam with partial distributed load
Calculate the support reactions: VB = (54(3+5/2))/14 = 7.857 kN, VA = 45 7.857 = 12.143 kN
Sketch the structure

4kN/m

A
3m

5m

14m

Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

12.14kN
Slope = -4kN/m

-7.86kN
Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

54.9kNm
47.1kNm

36.4kNm
A

Max moment
aligned with
zero in SFD

Peak moment occurs when z = 3 + 12.14 / 4 = 6.036m


2

Peak moment value is Mmax = 12.146.036 (4/2)( 6.036-3) = 54.86 kNm

9) beam with inclined loads


Resolve the loads: vertical 21sin60 = 18.19 kN, 12 sin30 = 6.0kN; horizontal 21cos60 = 10.50 kN, 12 cos30 = 10.39 kN
Calculate the support reactions: VA = (18.1916 + 610)/23 = 15.26 kN, VB = 18.19 + 6 15.26 = 8.93 kN
HA + 10.50 10.39 = 0 so HA = 0.11 kN
Calculate the axial forces: T1 = HA = +0.11 kN; T2 = T1 10.50 = 10.39 kN; ; T3 = T2 + 10.39 = 0 kN
Sketch the structure

21kN
A

12kN

60

30

7m

6m
23m

Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

15.3kN

-2.93kN

B
-8.9kN

Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

106.8kNm
A

89.3kNm

Sketch the axial force diagram AFD

0.11kN
A

-10.39kN

10) tower with linearly increasing wind


Distributed load = o z /L where = 8kN/m and L = 27m
Differential equation: dV/dz = = o

so V = o + C1

Boundary condition: V = 0 when z = L so 0 = o + C1 or C1 = + o


Then Shear is given by: V = + o

Max value at z=0 is VA = 8 27 / 2 = 108 kN

Differential equation: dM/dz = V = + o

so M = + o + C2

Boundary condition: M = 0 when z = L so 0 = + o + C2


or C2 = o = o

whence M = + o

Max value at z=0 is MA = 8 27 / 3 = 1944 kNm

8 kN/m
at top

27m
Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

8kN/m

108kN

Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

1944kNm
A

108kN

11) tower with realistic wind load


Distributed load = a z

where a = 8kN/m, b = 0.60 and L = 18m


b

Differential equation: dV/dz = = a z

so V = z
b+1

Boundary condition: V = 0 when z = L so 0 = L


Then Shear is given by: V = + (L

b+1

b+1

Differential equation: dM/dz = V = + (L

b+1

b+1

+ C1

+ C1 or C1 = + L

b+1
1.6

Max value at z=0 is VA = (8/1.6) 18


b+1

b+1

Boundary condition: M = 0 when z = L so 0 = + (L

so M = + (zL
b+2

b+2

b+2

= 509.8 kN

) + C2

) + C2

b+2

or C2 = L
whence M = + (zL

b+1

b+2

b+2

) L

2.6

Max value at z=0 is MA = 18

= 5647 kNm

= azb kN/m
with a = 8 kN/m and b = 0.6

18m
Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

510kN

Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD

5647kNm
A

12) elevated walkway support structure


Calculate the support reactions: upwards VA = 8.0 kN, to right HA = 112 = 12.0 kN
Moments about A MA = 8(2311) + 11212/2 = 96 + 72 = 168 kNm

23m

MA
HA

B
1kN/m

11m

VA

D
8kN

MA

12m

HA

23m
HA

1kN/m z

T
8kN

BC:

A
VA

A
VA

AB:
MA

CD:

Shear force diagram:


AB no distributed load, so constant shear V = VA = 8.0 kN

BC U/D load, so linearly varying shear: V = HA 1z, so V varies from +12.0 kN at B to zero at C
CD no dist load so constant shear: clock positive V = 8 kN

Axial force diagram:


AB no internal axial load, so constant force T = HA = 12.0 kN;
BC no internal axial load, so constant force T = VA = 8.0 kN
CD no internal axial load, so constant force T = 0 kN
Bending moment diagram:
AB constant shear V=8 gives linear BM from M = 168 kNm at A to M = 168 + 823 = +16 kNm at B
BC linear shear gives parabolic BM from M = +16 kNm at B to
M = MA + HA12 + VA23 11212/2 = 168 + 12.012 + 8.023 72 = +88 kNm at C,
peaking just as it reaches C because the shear force reaches zero at that point
CD constant shear V= 8 gives linear BM from M = 0 kNm at D to M = 811 = 88 kNm at C
Note that sagging bending in BC gives a moment at C giving compression on the outer fibre: sagging bending in CD gives a
moment at C giving tension on the outer fibre: that is, opposite in sign. So the sagging sign convention causes a change in
direction at the corner C, but not at B.
Note that the SFD and AFD do not retain the same value as they go around a corner in the structure (actually they exchange
values at a right angle corner)
Note that the BMD has the same value as it goes around a corner (though the sign convention may change leading to a change
of sign)
Sketch the structure

23m
A

B
1kN/m

11m

12m
D
8kN

Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

+8kN

+12kN

A
D

8kN

Sketch the axial force diagram AFD:

12kN

+ +8kN
D

0kN

Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD:

+16kNm

168 kNm

+16kNm

+
D

+88kNm

C
88kNm

13) cantilevered roof structure


Calculate the support reactions: upwards VA = 0 kN, to right HA = 8.0 kN
Moments about A MA = 8(12-8) = 32.0 kNm
B

C 8kN

45

12m

8m

30
MA

HA
VA

AB:

z
A

30

HA
HAcos30 + VAsin30
MA

VA

VAcos30 - HAsin30

BC:

B
z
45
A
HA

12m
30

M
V
T

45
HAcos45 + VAsin45

MA VA

VAcos45 - HAsin45

Shear force diagram:


AB no distributed load, so constant shear V = VAcos30 HAsin30 = +4.0 kN

BC no distributed load, so constant shear V = HAcos45 + VAsin45 = 5.657 kN

Axial force diagram:


AB no internal axial load, so constant force T = HAcos30 VAsin30 = +6.928 kN;
BC no internal axial load, so constant force T = +VAcos45 HAsin45 = +5.657 kN

Bending moment diagram:


AB constant shear V=4 gives linear BM from M = MA = 32 kNm at A (hogging) to M = 88 = +64 kNm at B (sagging)
BC constant shear gives linear BM from M = +64 kNm at B to M = 0 at free end C
Note that the SFD and AFD do not retain the same value as they go around a corner in the structure (they only exchange values
at a right angle corner, not at this corner B, where the angle is not 90).
Note that the BMD has the same value as it goes around a corner.

Sketch the structure

12m

C 8kN

45
8m

30
MA

HA
VA
Sketch the shear force diagram SFD:

B
+4kN

-5.66kN

A
Sketch the axial force diagram AFD:

+5.66kN

+6.93kN

C
A
Sketch the bending moment diagram BMD:

+64kNm

+
B

+
C

-32kNm
JMR Oct00

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