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List of countries and capitals with currency and

language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories of the world by continent, displayed with their
respective national flags and capitals, and including their respective currencies and native languages.
This list divides the world using the seven-continent model, with islands grouped into adjacent continents.
The continents are:
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
South America
Oceania (a geopolitical region, which includes the continent of Australia and the Pacific Islands)
Antarctica
In other models, Asia and Europe can be combined as Eurasia, while North and South America can be
combined as the Americas (for a detailed description of how the world is divided into continents, including
different models, see here).
There are sovereign states and dependent territories that can be considered to belong to more than one
continent, according to geographical, political, or historical criteria.
Contents [show]

Africa

[edit]

Main articles: Africa and List of sovereign states and

Africa

dependent territories in Africa

Further information: Geography of Africa
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in
Africa with geographical data such as area, population, and
population density, seehere.
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-mostpopulous continent. At about 30.2 million km (11.7 million
sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers six percent of
the Earth's total surface area and 20.4 percent of the total
land area.[2] With 1.0 billion people (as of 2009, seetable), it
accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The
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30,221,532 km 2 (11,668,599 sq mi)

continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the

Area

north, both theSuez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai

Population 2,032,532,974[1] (2011, 2nd)

Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the

30.51/km 2 (about 80/sq mi)

southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent

Pop.
density

includes Madagascar and various archipelagoes. It has

Countries

57 (list of countries)

54 fully recognized sovereign states ("countries"),

Languages Languages of Africa

10 territoriesand two de facto states with limited

recognition.[3]

Africa, particularly central Eastern Africa, is widely accepted

Time
zones

UTC-1 to UTC+4

as the origin of humans and theHominidae clade (great apes),

as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their ancestors, as well as later ones that have
been dated to around seven million years ago including Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus
africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H. ergaster with the earliest Homo sapiens (modern
human) found in Ethiopia being dated to circa 200,000 years ago.[4] Africa straddles the equator and
encompasses numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the northerntemperate to
southern temperate zones.[5] The African expected economic growth rate is at about 5.0% for 2010 and
5.5% in 2011.[6]
Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Algeria

Algiers

Dinar

Arabic

Angola

Luanda

Kwanza

Portuguese

Benin

Porto-Novo (official)
Cotonou (seat of government)

CFA franc

French

Botswana

Gaborone

Pula

English
Setswana

Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou

CFA franc

French

Burundi

Bujumbura

Rupie

Kirundi
French

Cameroon

Yaound

CFA franc

French
English

Cape Verde

Praia

Cape
Verdean
escudo

Portuguese

Central African
Republic

Bangui

CFA franc

French
Sango

Chad

N'Djamena

CFA franc

French
Arabic

Comoros

Moroni

Comorian
franc

Comorian
Arabic
French

Brazzaville

CFA franc

French

Congo (Congo-

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Brazzaville)
Cte d'Ivoire (Ivory
Coast)

Yamoussoukro (official)
Abidjan (seat of government)

CFA franc

French

Democratic Republic
of the Congo (CongoKinshasa)

Kinshasa

Congolese
franc

French

Djibouti

Djibouti

Djiboutian
franc

French
Arabic

Egypt

Cairo

Egyptian
pound

Arabic

Equatorial Guinea

Malabo

Equatorial
Guinean
peseta

Eritrea

Asmara

Tallero

Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

Birr

Amharic

Gabon

Libreville

CFA franc

French

Gambia

Banjul

Gambian
dalasi

English

Ghana

Accra

Ghana cedi

English

Guinea

Conakry

Guinean
franc

French

Guinea-Bissau

Bissau

CFA franc

Portuguese

Kenya

Nairobi

Kenyan
shilling

Swahili
English

Lesotho

Maseru

Lesotho loti

English
Sesotho

Liberia

Monrovia

Liberian
dollar

English

Libya

Tripoli

Dinar

Arabic

Madagascar

Antananarivo

Malagasy
ariary

Malagasy
French

Malawi

Lilongwe

Kwacha

English
Chichewa

Mali

Bamako

CFA franc

French

Mauritania

Nouakchott

Ouguiya

Arabic

Port Louis

Mauritian
rupee

Mauritian
Creole
French
English

Mauritius

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Spanish
French
Portuguese
Tigrinya
Arabic
English

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Mayotte

Mamoudzou
Overseas department of France

Euro

French

Morocco

Rabat

Moroccan
dirham

Arabic
Berber

Mozambique

Maputo

Mozambican
Portuguese
metical

Namibia

Windhoek

Namibian
dollar

English

Niger

Niamey

CFA franc

French

Nigeria

Abuja

Naira

English

Runion

Saint-Denis
Overseas department of France

Euro

French

Rwanda

Kigali

Rwandan
franc

Kinyarwanda
English
French

Jamestown (Saint Helena)

Saint Helena, Ascension Georgetown (Ascension Island)
and Tristan da Cunha
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas(Tristan da
Cunha)

Saint Helena
pound
English
Pound
sterling

Sao Tome and

Principe

So Tom

Dobra

Portuguese

Senegal

Dakar

CFA franc

French

Seychelles

Victoria

Seychellois
rupee

Seychellois
Creole
French
English

Sierra Leone

Freetown

Leone

English

Somalia

Mogadishu

Somali
shilling

Somali
Arabic

Somaliland

Hargeisa

Somaliland
shilling

Somali
Arabic

Pretoria (administrative/executive)
Cape Town (legislative)
Bloemfontein (judicial)

Afrikaans
English
Southern
Ndebele
Northern
Sotho
Southern
South
African rand Sotho
Swazi
Tsonga
Tswana
Venda
Xhosa
Zulu

South Africa

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South Sudan

Juba

South
Sudanese
pound

Sudan

Khartoum

Sudanese
pound

Arabic
English

Swaziland

Mbabane (administrative)
Lobamba (royal and legislative)

Lilangeni

English
Swati

Tanzania

Dodoma (official)
Dar es Salaam (seat of government)

Tanzanian
shilling

Swahili
English

Togo

Lom

CFA franc

French

Tunisia

Tunis

Tunisian
dinar

Arabic

Kampala

Ugandan
shilling

Uganda

None

Asia

English

Swahili
English
Luganda

Western Sahara

Moroccan
dirham
None Disputed territory
Algerian
between
Morocco and
dinar
the
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Mauritanian
ouguiya

Zambia

Lusaka

Zambian
kwacha

English

Zimbabwe

Harare

various

English
Shona
Sindebele

See
respective
claimants

[edit]

Main articles: Asia and List of sovereign states and

Asia

dependent territories in Asia

See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and
dependent territories in Eurasia
Further information: Geography of Asia
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in
Asia with geographical data such as area, population, and
population density, seehere.
Asia (

/e/ or /e/) is the world's largest and most

populous continent, located primarily in

the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of
the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area) and
with approximately 4.3 billion people, it hosts 60% of the
world's currenthuman population. During the 20th century
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Area

44,579,000 km 2 (17,212,000 sq mi)[7]

Population 5,879,000,000 (1st)[8]

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Asia's population nearly quadrupled.[9]

87/km 2 (225/sq mi)

Pop.

Asia is defined as comprising the eastwards four-fifths

of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal,
the Ural river, and the Ural Mountains, and south of
the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma-Manych Depression)
and theCaspian and Black Seas.[10][11] It is bounded on the

density
Countries

48 (list of countries)

Languages List of languages

Time
zones

UTC+2 to UTC+12

east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean.
Given its size and diversity, Asia a toponym dating back to classical antiquity "is more acultural concept"
incorporating diverse regions and peoples than a homogeneous physical entity.[12] Asia differs very widely
among and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties
and government systems.
Flag

Name

Abkhazia

Capital
Sukhumi
De facto sovereign state lacking
general international recognition
Recognized by United Nations as
part ofGeorgia.

Currency

Russian ruble

Official
language
Georgian
Abkhaz
Russian
Pashto
Dari
(Persian)
English
Greek

Afghanistan

Kabul

Afghani

Akrotiri and
Dhekelia

Episkopi Cantonment

Euro

Armenia

Yerevan

Dram

Armenian

Azerbaijan [Europe] Baku

Manat

Azerbaijani

Bahrain

Manama

Bahraini dinar

Arabic

Bangladesh

Dhaka

Taka

Bengali

Bhutan

Thimphu

Bhutanese
ngultrum

Dzongkha

British Indian
Ocean Territory

Diego Garcia
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom

US dollar
UK pound

English

Brunei

Bandar Seri Begawan

Brunei dollar

Bahasa
Melayu

Cambodia

Phnom Penh

Riel

Khmer

China

Beijing

Renminbi (yuan)

Standard
Chinese

Christmas Island

Flying Fish Cove

External territory of Australia

Australian dollar

English

Cocos (Keeling)

West Island

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English
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Islands

External territory of Australia

Nicosia

Euro

Greek
Turkish

East
Timor(TimorLeste)

Dili

US Dollar

Portuguese
Tetum

Georgia[Europe]

Tbilisi

Lari

Georgian

Hong Kong

Special administrative region of

China

Hong Kong dollar

English
Cantonese

Cyprus

[Europe]

India

New Delhi

Rupee

Hindi
English
Tamil
Telugu

Indonesia

Jakarta

Rupiah

Indonesian

Iran

Tehran

Rial

Persian

Iraq

Baghdad

Iraqi dinar

Kurdish
Arabic

Israel

Jerusalem

New shekel

Hebrew
Arabic

Japan

Tokyo

Yen

Japanese

Jordan

Amman

Jordanian dinar

Arabic

Kazakhstan

Astana

Tenge

Kazakh
Russian

Kurdistan

Erbil

Dinar

Kurdish

Kuwait

Kuwait City

Kuwaiti dinar

Arabic

Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek

Som

Kyrgyz
Russian

Laos

Vientiane

Kip

Lao

Lebanon

Beirut

Lebanese pound

Arabic

Macau

Special administrative region of

China

Macanese pataca

Portuguese
Cantonese

Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur (official)

Putrajaya (seat of government)

Ringgit

Malaysian

Maldives

Mal

Maldivian rufiyaa

Maldivian

Mongolia

Ulaanbaatar

Tgrg

Mongolian

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Myanmar(Burma) Naypyidaw

Kyat

Burmese

NagornoKarabakh

Stepanakert
De facto sovereign state lacking
general international recognition
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part
ofAzerbaijan

Armenian dram

Armenian

Nepal

Kathmandu

Nepalese rupee

Nepali

Nicosia
De facto sovereign state lacking
Northern Cyprus general international recognition
Turkish lira
Recognized by United Nation as de
jure part ofCyprus

Turkish

North Korea

Pyongyang

North Korean won Korean

Oman

Muscat

Rial

Arabic

Pakistan

Islamabad

Pakistani Rupee

English
Urdu

Palestine

East Jerusalem (claimed capital)

Ramallah (West Bankseat of
government)
Gaza (Gaza Strip seat of
government)
Territory occupied byIsrael
State of Palestine (flag
displayed) proclaimed on territory

Israeli shekel

Arabic

Philippines

Manila

Philippine Peso

Filipino
English

Qatar

Doha

Riyal

Arabic

Saudi Arabia

Riyadh

Saudi riyal

Arabic
English
Chinese
Malay
Tamil

Singapore

Singapore

Singapore dollar

South Korea

Seoul

South Korean won Korean

South Ossetia

Tskhinvali
De facto sovereign state lacking
general international recognition
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part ofGeorgia

Russian ruble

Ossetic
Georgian
Russian

Sri Lanka

Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte

Sri Lankan rupee

Sinhala
Tamil

Syria

Damascus

Syrian pound

Arabic

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Taiwan

Taipei
De facto sovereign state lacking
general international recognition
Recognized by United Nations as
part of China.

New Taiwan dollar

Standard
Chinese

Tajikistan

Dushanbe

Somoni

Tajik

Thailand

Bangkok

Baht

Thai

Turkey [Europe]

Ankara

Turkish lira

Turkish

Turkmenistan

Ashgabat

Turkmen new
manat

Turkmen

United Arab
Emirates

Abu Dhabi

UAE dirham

Arabic

Uzbekistan

Tashkent

Uzbekistan som
Uzbek
(O'zbekiston so'mi)

Vietnam

Hanoi

ng

Vietnamese

Yemen

Sana'a

Yemeni rial

Arabic

Tagalog

Notes
The Russian Federation is classified as a European country by the United Nations Statistics Division. Russia is
historically the successor of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a medieval state of northeastern Europe. The
Russian conquest of Northern Asia begins in the late 16th century. Today, most of the territory of Russia is in Asia,
but most of its population lives in the European part.

Europe

[edit]

Main articles: Europe and List of sovereign states and

Europe

dependent territories in Europe

See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and
dependent territories in Eurasia
Further information: Geography of Europe
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in
Europe with geographical data such as area, population, and
population density, seehere.
Europe (

/jrp/ EWR-p or /jrp/ YUR-p[13]) is, by

convention, one of the world's sevencontinents. Comprising

the westernmostpeninsula of Eurasia, Europe is
generally divided from Asia by the watershed divides of
the Uraland Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River,
theCaspian and Black Seas, and the waterwaysconnecting

Area

Population 739,165,030[n] (2011), 3rd)

Pop.

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10,180,000 km 2 (3,930,000 sq mi)[n]

72.5/km 2
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the Black and Aegean Seas.[14]Europe is bordered by

density

the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west,

Countries

theMediterranean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea and

Languages List of languages

connected waterways to the southeast. Yet the borders of

Time

Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare

zones

50 (list of countries)

UTC to UTC+6

somewhat arbitrary, as the primarily physiographic term

"continent" can incorporate cultural and political elements.
Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 10,180,000 square
kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about 6.8% of its land area. Of Europe's
approximately 50 states, Russia is by far the largest by both area and population, taking up 40% of the
continent (although the country has territory in both Europe and Asia), while the Vatican City is the smallest.
Europe is the third-most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with a population of 733 million or about
11% of the world's population.[15]
Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture.[16] It played a predominant role in
global affairs from the 15th century onwards, especially after the beginning of colonialism. Between the 16th
and 20th centuries, European nations controlled at various times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania,
and large portions of Asia. In 1900, Europe's share of the world's population was 25%.[17] Both World
Wars were largely focused upon Europe, greatly contributing to a decline in Western European dominance
in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the United States and Soviet Union took prominence.[18]During
the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw
Pact in the east. European integration led to the formation of the Council of Europe and the European
Union in Western Europe, both of which have been expanding eastward since the revolutions of 1989 and
the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Flag

Currency

Official
language

Name

Capital

land Islands

Mariehamn
Autonomous region of Finland(recognized by
international treaty)

Euro

Swedish

Albania

Tirana

Lek

Albanian

Andorra

Andorra la Vella

Euro

Catalan

Austria

Vienna

Euro

German

Belarus

Minsk

Belarusian
ruble

Belarusian
Russian

Belgium

Brussels

Euro

Bosnia and
Herzegovina

Sarajevo

Convertible
mark

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Dutch
French
German
Bosnian
Croatian
Serbian
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Bulgaria

Sofia

Lev

Bulgarian

Croatia

Zagreb

Kuna

Croatian

Czech Republic Prague

Czech
koruna

Czech

Denmark

Copenhagen

Danish
krone[a]

Danish

Estonia

Tallinn

Euro

Estonian

Faroe Islands

Trshavn
Self-governing territory of the Danish Realm

Faroese
krna

Faroese
Danish

Finland

Helsinki

Euro

Finnish
Swedish

France

Paris

Euro
CFP franc

French

Germany

Berlin

Euro

German

Gibraltar

Gibraltar
Overseas territory of the United Kingdom

Gibraltar
pound

English

Greece

Athens

Euro

Greek

Guernsey

Saint Peter Port

British Crown dependency

Pound
sterling

English
French

Hungary

Budapest

Forint

Hungarian

Iceland

Reykjavk

Icelandic
krna

Icelandic

Ireland

Dublin

Euro

Isle of Man

Douglas
British Crown dependency

Pound
sterling

English
Manx

Italy

Rome

Euro

Italian

Jersey

Saint Helier
British Crown dependency

Pound
sterling

English
French

Kosovo

Pristina
De facto sovereign state recognized by over 80
UN member states
Euro
A United Nations mandate inSerbian territory was
put in place starting in 1999.

Albanian
Serbian

Latvia

Ryga

Euro

Latvian

Liechtenstein

Vaduz

Swiss franc

German

Lithuania

Vilnius

Lithuanian
litas

Lithuanian

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English
Irish

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Luxembourgish
French
German

Luxembourg

Luxembourg

Euro

Macedonia

Skopje

Macedonian
Macedonian
denar

Malta

Valletta

Euro

Moldova

Chiinu

Moldovan leu Moldovan

Monaco

Monaco

Euro

French

Montenegro

Podgorica

Euro

Montenegrin

Netherlands

Amsterdam

Euro
US dollar
Dutch
NA guilder
Aruban florin

Norway

Oslo

Norwegian
krone

Norwegian
Bokml
Nynorsk

Poland

Warsaw

Zoty

Polish

Portugal

Lisbon

Euro

Portuguese

Romania

Bucharest

Romanian
leu

Romanian

Russia

Moscow

Russian
ruble

Russian
27 others coofficial

San Marino

San Marino

Euro

Italian

Serbia

Belgrade

Serbian
dinar

Serbian

Slovakia

Bratislava

Euro

Slovak

Slovenia

Ljubljana

Euro

Slovene

Maltese
English

Spain

Madrid

Euro

Spanish
Catalan
Galician
Basque

Svalbard

Longyearbyen
Special territory of Norway(recognized by
international treaty)

Norwegian
krone

Norwegian

Sweden

Stockholm

Swedish
krona

Swedish

Swiss franc

German
French
Italian
Romansh

Switzerland

Bern

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Transnistria

Tiraspol
De facto sovereign state lacking general
international recognition
Recognized by United Nations as de jure part
of Moldova

Russian
Transnistrian
Moldovan
ruble
Ukrainian

Ukraine

Kiev

Ukrainian
hryvnia

Ukrainian

United
Kingdom

London

Pound
sterling

English

Vatican City

Vatican City

Euro

Italian

Notes
Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by the United Nations
Statistics Division:
Azerbaijan,

Georgia,

Turkey,

Armenia.

In West Asia, but a member of the European Union:

North America

Cyprus.

[edit]

Main articles: North America and List of sovereign states

North America

and dependent territories in North America

See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and
dependent territories in the Americas
Further information: Geography of North America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in
North America with geographical data such as area,
population, and population density, see here.
North America is a continent wholly within theNorthern
Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere.
It is also considered a northern subcontinent of
the Americas.[19] It is bordered to the north by the Arctic
Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and

Area

24,709,000 km 2 (9,540,000 sq mi)

south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South

Population 528,720,588 (2008, 4th)

America and the Caribbean Sea.

Pop.
density

22.9/km 2 (59.3/sq mi)[b]

Countries

23 (list of countries)

North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square

kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 4.8% of the
planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July
2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529 million people

Languages List of languages

Time
zones

UTC-10 to UTC

across 23 independent states. North America is the thirdlargest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourthin population after Asia, Africa,
and Europe.
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Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Anguilla

The Valley
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Antigua and Barbuda

St. John's

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Aruba

Oranjestad
Constituent country of the Kingdom Aruban florin
of the Netherlands

Papiamento
Dutch

Bahamas

Nassau

Bahamian Dollar

English

Barbados

Bridgetown

Barbadian Dollar

English

Belize

Belmopan

Belize Dollar

English

Bermuda

Hamilton
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom

Bermudian Dollar

English

Bonaire

Kralendijk
Special municipality of the
Netherlands

United States
Dollar

Dutch

British Virgin Islands

Road Town
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom

United States
Dollar

English

Canada

Ottawa

Canadian Dollar

French
English

Cayman Islands

George Town
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom

Cayman Islands
Dollar

English

Clipperton Island

uninhabited
Overseas territory of France

Euro

French

Costa Rica

San Jos

Costa Rican colon Spanish

Cuba

Havana

Cuban peso

Curaao

Willemstad
Netherlands
Constituent country of the Kingdom
Antillean guilder
of the Netherlands

Dominica

Roseau

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Dominican Republic

Santo Domingo

Dominican peso

Spanish

El Salvador

San Salvador

United States
Dollar

Spanish

Greenland

Nuuk
Self-governing territory of theDanish Danish Krone
Realm

Grenada

St. George's

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East Caribbean
Dollar

Spanish
Papiamento
Dutch

Greenlandic
English
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Guadeloupe

Basse-Terre
Overseas department of France

Euro

French

Guatemala

Guatemala City

Guatemalan
quetzal

Spanish

Haiti

Port-au-Prince

Haitian gourde

French

Honduras

Tegucigalpa

Honduran lempira

Spanish

Jamaica

Kingston

Jamaican Dollar

English

Martinique

Fort-de-France
Overseas department of France

Euro

French

Mexico

Mexico City

Mexican peso

Spanish

Montserrat

Plymouth (official)
Brades (seat of government)
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Navassa Island

Insular area of the United States of

America

United States
Dollar

English

Nicaragua

Managua

Nicaraguan
cordoba

Spanish

Panama

Panama City

United States
Dollar
Panamanian
balboa

Spanish

Puerto Rico

San Juan
Insular area of the United States of
America

United States
Dollar

English
Spanish

Saba

The Bottom
Special municipality of the
Netherlands

United States
Dollar

Saint Barthlemy

Gustavia
Overseas collectivity ofFrance

Euro

French

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Basseterre

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Saint Lucia

Castries

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Saint Martin

Marigot
Overseas collectivity ofFrance

Euro

French

Saint Pierre and

Miquelon

Saint-Pierre
Overseas collectivity ofFrance

Euro

French

Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines

Kingstown

East Caribbean
Dollar

English

Sint Eustatius

Oranjestad
Special municipality of the
Netherlands

United States
Dollar

Philipsburg
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Sint Maarten

Constituent country of the Kingdom Netherlands

of the Netherlands
Antillean guilder

Trinidad and Tobago

Port of Spain

Trinidad and
Tobago Dollar

English

Turks and Caicos

Islands

Cockburn Town
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom

United States
Dollar

English

United States

Washington, D.C.

United States
Dollar

none

United States Virgin

Islands

Charlotte Amalie
Insular area of the United States of
America

United States
Dollar

English

South America

[edit]

Main articles: South America and List of sovereign states

South America

and dependent territories in South America

See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and
dependent territories in the Americas
Further information: Geography of South America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in
South America with geographical data such as area,
population, and population density, see here.
South America is a continent located in theWestern
Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a
relatively small portion in theNorthern Hemisphere.[20][21]
It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Oceanand on the
north and east by the Atlantic Ocean;North America and

Area

(6,890,000 sq mi)

the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It is formed by twelve

sovereign states

17,840,000 km 2

Population

387,489,196 (2011, 5th)

Pop. density 21.4 per km 2 (56.0 per sq mi)

Countries

12 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-2 to UTC-5

- Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay,
and Venezuela - theFrench Guiana, which is an overseas region of France, and the Falkland Islands,
a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this, the ABC islands of the Netherlands may also be considered
part of South America, as well as Trinidad and Tobago. The South American states that border the
Caribbean Sea Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana are also known
as Caribbean South America.
South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi). Its populationas of 2005
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has been estimated at more than 371,090,000. South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa,
and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America). The
word America was coined in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemller and Matthias Ringmann,
after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the lands newly discovered by
Europeans were not India, but a New Worldunknown to Europeans.
Flag

Name

Capital

Official
language

Currency

Argentina

Buenos Aires

Peso

Spanish

Bolivia

Sucre (official)
La Paz (seat of government)

Boliviano

Spanish
Quechua
Aymara

Brazil

Braslia

Real

Portuguese

Chile

Santiago

Peso

Spanish

Colombia

Bogot

Peso

Spanish

Ecuador

Quito

United States dollar

Spanish

Falkland
Islands

Stanley
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom

Falkland Islands
pound

English

French Guiana

Cayenne
Overseas department of France

Euro

French

Guyana

Georgetown

Guyanese dollar

English

Paraguay

Asuncin

Guaran

Spanish
Guaran

Peru

Lima

Nuevo sol

Spanish

Suriname

Paramaribo

Surinamese dollar

Dutch

Uruguay

Montevideo

Uruguayan peso

Spanish

Venezuela

Caracas

Bolvar fuerte

Spanish

Oceania

[edit]

Main articles: Oceania and List of sovereign states and

Oceania

dependent territories in Oceania

See also: Australia (continent) and Pacific Islands
Further information: Geography of Oceania
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For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in

Oceania with geographical data such as area, population, and
population density, see here.

Geopolitical Oceania
Area

8,560,000 km 2
(3,310,000 sq mi)

Population

38,304,000 (2013, 5th)

Pop. density 4.47 per km 2 (11.57 per sq mi)

Countries

14 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-2 to UTC-5

Australia (UK /on/ or /osn/;[22]US /oini/)[23] is a region centered on the islands of the
tropical Pacific Ocean.[24]Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from the coral atolls and volcanic
islands of the South Pacific (ethnologically divided into thesubregions of Melanesia, Micronesia,
andPolynesia)[25] to the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas, includingAustralasia and
the Maritime Southeast Asia.The term is sometimes used more specifically to denote
a continent comprising Australia and proximate islands,[26][27][28][29] or biogeographically as a synonym for
either the Australasian ecozone (Wallacea andAustralasia) or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia,
and Micronesia apart either fromNew Zealand[30] or from mainland New Guinea).[31]
Flag

Name
American
Samoa

Capital

Currency

Pago Pago
Insular area of the United States of United States dollar
America

Ashmore
and Cartier
Islands

External
territory of
Australia

Australia

Canberra

Australian dollar

Baker
Island

Insular area of the United States

of America

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Official
language
English
Samoan

None[c]

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Cook
Islands

Avarua
Self-governing parliamentary
New Zealand dollar
democracy in free association with Cook Islands dollar
New Zealand

Coral Sea
Islands

External territory of Australia

Fiji

Suva

Fijian dollar

French
Polynesia

Papeete
Overseas collectivity ofFrance

CFP Franc

Guam

Hagta

Insular area of the United States

of America

Howland
Island

Insular area of the United States

of America

Jarvis Island

Insular area of the United States

of America

Johnston
Atoll

Insular area of the United States

of America

Kingman
Reef

Insular area of the United States

of America

Kiribati

South Tarawa

Marshall
Islands

Majuro

English
Cook Islands
Mori

French

Micronesia Palikir
Midway Atoll
Nauru

Yaren (seat of government)

New
Caledonia

Nouma
Sui generis collectivity(special
collectivity) ofFrance

Insular area of the United States

of America

CFP Franc

French
Maori
New Zealand
Sign
English

New
Zealand

Wellington

New Zealand Dollar

Niue

Alofi

Self-governing parliamentary
democracy in free association
with New Zealand

Norfolk
Island

Kingston

Self-governing territory of
Australia

Northern
Mariana
Islands

Saipan

Insular area of the United States

of America

Palau

Ngerulmud

Palmyra
Atoll

Insular area of the United States

of America

Papua New
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Guinea

Port Moresby

Pitcairn
Islands

Adamstown

Samoa

Apia

Solomon
Islands

Honiara

Tokelau

Nukunonu (main settlement,

although each atoll has its own
administrative centre)

Tonga

Nukualofa

Tuvalu

Funafuti

Vanuatu

Port Vila

Wake
Island

Insular area of the United States of United States dollar

America

Wallis and
Futuna

Mata-Utu
Overseas collectivity ofFrance

Antarctica

Overseas territory of the United

Kingdom

Dependent territory of New

Zealand

Bislama
French
English

Vanuatu vatu

CFP Franc

French

[edit]

Main article: Antarctica

Antarctica

Further information: Geography of Antarctica

Antarctica (

/ntrtk/ or /ntrktk/)[d] isEarth's

southernmost continent, containing the geographic South

Pole. It is situated in theAntarctic region of the Southern
Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and
is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14.0 million km2 (5.4
million sq mi), it is the fifth-largest continent in area
after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For
comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia.
About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages at
least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness.
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest

Area 14,000,000 km 2 (5,400,000 sq mi)[32]

continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the

continents.[35] Antarctica is considered a desert, with annualprecipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along
the coast and far less inland.[36] The temperature in Antarctica has reached 89 C (129 F). There are
no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the
research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted organisms survive there, including
many types of algae, animals (for
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example mites, nematodes, penguins, seals andtardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants, and protista.
Vegetation where it occurs is tundra.
Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back to antiquity, the first
confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to have occurred in 1820 by the Russian
expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarevon Vostok and Mirny. The continent,
however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment,
lack of resources, and isolation. TheAntarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 by 12 countries; to date, 49
countries have signed the treaty. The treaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear
explosions and nuclear waste disposal, supports scientific research, and protects the continent'secozone.
Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.
Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south
of 60S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However, the following territorial claims in
Antarctica have been made:
Argentina: Argentine Antarctica
Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory
Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial)
Chile: Antrtica
France: Adlie Land
New Zealand: Ross Dependency
Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land
United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory
(Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)
Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic Region:
Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
Language

Bouvet Island
Dependent territory of Norway

French Southern Territories

Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands)

Port-aux-Franais(Kerguelen
Islands)
Martin-de-Vivis (Saint
Pauland Amsterdam Islands)
Overseas territory of France

Euro

French

Heard Island and McDonald

Islands
External territory of Australia

South Georgia and the South

Sandwich Islands

King Edward Point

Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom

Pound
sterling

English

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