Modified Fennema-Sherman Attitude

Scales
by Diana Doepken, Ellen Lawsky, and Linda Padwa
In an effort to study students' attitudes towards math, Elizabeth Fennema and Julia A.
Sherman constructed the following attitude scale in the early 1970's. The scale consists of
four subscales: a confidence scale, a usefulness scale, a scale that measures mathematics
as a male domain and a teacher perception scale. Each of these scales consists of 12
items. Six of them measure a positive attitude and six measure a negative attitude.
This scale could give a teacher and an individual student useful information about that
particular student's attitude(s) towards math. Because this scale was originally written
twenty years ago and the subtle meanings and connotations of words have changed in that
time period, it is important that this scale not be used for research.
We also adapted the scale to provide tools to examine a student's attitude towards science.
Following the scales is the scoring key.

Introductory note (for use with these scales)

Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitude Scales
Using this scale will help you and I find out how you feel about yourself and
mathematics.
On the following pages is a series of sentences. You are to mark your answer sheets by
telling how you feel about them. Suppose a statement says:
Example 1: I like mathematics.
As you read the sentence, you will know whether you agree or disagree. If you strongly
agree, circle A next to Number 1. If you agree, but not so strongly, or you only "sort of"
agree, circle B. If you disagree with the sentence very much, circle E for strongly
disagree. If you disagree, but not so strongly, circle D. If you are not sure about a
question or you can't answer it, circle C. Now, mark your sheet, then go on and do
Example 2.
Do not spend much time with any statement, but be sure to answer every statement.

Work fast, but carefully.

There are no "right" or "wrong" answers. The only correct responses are those that are
true for you. Whenever possible, let the things that have happened to you help you make
a choice.

A Modified Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitude

Scale
A strongly agree E strongly disagree

1. I am sure that I can learn math.

ABCDE

2. My teachers have been interested in my progress in math.

ABCDE

3. Knowing mathematics will help me earn a living.

ABCDE

4. I don't think I could do advanced math.

ABCDE

5. Math will not be important to me in my life's work.

ABCDE

6. Males are not naturally better than females in math.

ABCDE

7. Getting a teacher to take me seriously in math is a problem.

ABCDE

8. Math is hard for me.

ABCDE

9. It's hard to believe a female could be a genius in mathematics.

ABCDE

10. I'll need mathematics for my future work.

ABCDE

11. When a woman has to solve a math problem, she should ask a man for
help.

ABCDE

12. I am sure of myself when I do math.

ABCDE

13. I don't expect to use much math when I get out of school.

ABCDE

14. I would talk to my math teachers about a career that uses math.

ABCDE

15. Women can do just as well as men in math.

ABCDE

16. It's hard to get math teachers to respect me.

ABCDE

17. Math is a worthwhile, necessary subject.

ABCDE

18. I would have more faith in the answer for a math problem solved by a
man than a woman.

ABCDE

19. I'm not the type to do well in math.

ABCDE

20. My teachers have encouraged me to study more math.

ABCDE

21. Taking math is a waste of time.

ABCDE

22. I have a hard time getting teachers to talk seriously with me about math. A B C D E
23. Math has been my worst subject.

ABCDE

24. Women who enjoy studying math are a little strange.

ABCDE

25. I think I could handle more difficult math.

ABCDE

26. My teachers think advanced math will be a waste of time for me.

ABCDE

27. I will use mathematics in many ways as an adult.

ABCDE

28. Females are as good as males in geometry.

ABCDE

29. I see mathematics as something I won't use very often when I get out of A B C D E
high school.
30. I feel that math teachers ignore me when I try to talk about something
serious.

ABCDE

31. Women certainly are smart enough to do well in math.

ABCDE

32. Most subjects I can handle OK, but I just can't do a good job with math. A B C D E
33. I can get good grades in math.

ABCDE

34. I'll need a good understanding of math for my future work.

ABCDE

35. My teachers want me to take all the math I can.

ABCDE

36. I would expect a woman mathematician to be a forceful type of person. A B C D E

37. I know I can do well in math.

ABCDE

38. Studying math is just as good for women as for men.

ABCDE

39. Doing well in math is not important for my future.

ABCDE

40. My teachers would not take me seriously if I told them I was interested
in a career in science and mathematics.

ABCDE

41. I am sure I could do advanced work in math.

ABCDE

42. Math is not important for my life.

ABCDE

43. I'm no good in math.

ABCDE

44. I study math because I know how useful it is.

ABCDE

45. Math teachers have made me feel I have the ability to go on in

mathematics.

ABCDE

46. I would trust a female just as much as I would trust a male to solve
important math problems.

ABCDE

47. My teachers think I'm the kind of person who could do well in math.

ABCDE

Science Attitude Scale as Modified from the

Fennema-Sherman Attitude Scale
1. I am sure that I can learn science.

ABCDE

2. My teachers have been interested in my progress in science.

ABCDE

3. Knowing science will help me earn a living.

ABCDE

4. I don't think I could do advanced science.

ABCDE

5. Science will not be important to me in my life's work.

ABCDE

6. Males are not naturally better than females in science.

ABCDE

7. Getting a teacher to take me seriously in science is a problem.

ABCDE

8. Science is hard for me.

ABCDE

9. It's hard to believe a female could be a genius in science.

ABCDE

10. I'll need science for my future work.

ABCDE

11. When a woman has to solve a science problem, she should ask a man
for help.

ABCDE

12. I am sure of myself when I do science.

ABCDE

13. I don't expect to use much science when I get out of school.

ABCDE

14. I would talk to my science teachers about a career which uses math.

ABCDE

15. Women can do just as well as men in science.

ABCDE

16. It's hard to get science teachers to respect me.

ABCDE

17. Science is a worthwhile, necessary subject.

ABCDE

18. I would have more faith in the answer for a science problem solved by a A B C D E
man than a woman.
19. I'm not the type to do well in science.

ABCDE

20. My teachers have encouraged me to study more science.

ABCDE

21. Taking science is a waste of time.

ABCDE

22. I have a hard time getting teachers to talk seriously with me about
science.

ABCDE

23. Science has been my worst subject.

ABCDE

24. Women who enjoy studying science are a little strange.

ABCDE

25. I think I could handle more difficult science.

ABCDE

26. My teachers think advanced science will be a waste of time for me.

ABCDE

27. I will use science in many ways as an adult.

ABCDE

28. Females are as good as males in science.

ABCDE

29. I see science as something I won't use very often when I get out of high A B C D E

school.
30. I feel that science teachers ignore me when I try to talk about something A B C D E
serious.
31. Women certainly are smart enough to do well in science.

ABCDE

32. Most subjects I can handle OK, but I just can't do a good job with
science.

ABCDE

33. I can get good grades in science.

ABCDE

34. I'll need a good understanding of science for my future work.

ABCDE

35. My teachers want me to take all the science I can.

ABCDE

36. I would expect a woman scientist to be a forceful type of person.

ABCDE

37. I know I can do well in science.

ABCDE

38. Studying science is just as good for women as for men.

ABCDE

39. Doing well in science is not important for my future.

ABCDE

40. My teachers would not take me seriously if I told them I was interested
in a career in science and mathematics.

ABCDE

41. I am sure I could do advanced work in science.

ABCDE

42. Science is not important for my life.

ABCDE

43. I'm no good in science.

ABCDE

44. I study science because I know how useful it is.

ABCDE

45. Science teachers have made me feel I have the ability to go on in

science.

ABCDE

46. I would trust a female just as much as I would trust a male to solve
important science problems.

ABCDE

47. My teachers think I'm the kind of person who could do well in science.

ABCDE

Key to Modified Fennema-Sherman Scale for Math and

Science
Key:
C = Personal confidence about the subject matter
U = Usefulness of the subject's content
M = Subject is perceived as a male domain
T = Perception of teacher's attitudes

+ = Question reflects positive attitude

- = Question reflects negative attitude
Question #Category ofAttitude

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Question
C
T
U
C
U
M
T
C
M
U
M
C
U
T
M
T
U
M
C
T
U
T
C
M
C
T
U
M
U
T
M
C
C
U
T
M
C
M
U
T

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-

41
42
43
44
45
46
47

C
U
C
U
T
M
T

+
+
+
+
+

Scoring Directions:
Each positive item receives the score based on points
A=5

B=4

C=3

D=2

E=1

The scoring for each negative item should be reversed

A=1

B=2

C=3

D=4

E=5

Add the scores for each group, T, C, U, M, to get a total for that attitude.
The highest possible score for each group of statements is 60 points.

Woodrow Wilson Leadership Program in Mathematics

[email protected]

The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation

[email protected]

CN 5281, Princeton NJ 08543-5281

Tel:(609)452-7007

Fax:(609)452-0066