International Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2(5) May 2013, Pages: 204-209

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International Journal of Engineering Sciences

ISSN
2306-6474

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Prefunctions and Integral Equations via Laplace Transforms

S.B. Dhaigude 1, C.D. Dhaigude 2
1
2

JSPMS Bhivarabai Savant Institute Of Technology and Research (for Women), Wagholi, Pune, India.
Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil college of Engineering and Research Akurdi, Pune, India.

AR TIC LE INF O

AB STR AC T

Keywords:

The purpose of this paper is to study the Voltera Integral Equations and Voltera Integro-differential
Equations and obtained the Pre-functions are the closed form of solutions via Laplace Transforms.

Laplace Transforms Integral Equations

Pre-functions
Initial Value Problems

2013 Int. j. eng. sci. All rights reserved for TI Journals.

Introduction
It is well known that some basic functions such as polynomial functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions and trigonometric
functions have played an important role in development of mathematical, physical, biological as well as engineering sciences. .Deo and
Howell in their paper [1] introduced an alternative method and studied trigonometric and trigonometric like functions. This new approach is
simple and useful in the study of differential equations. Khandeparkar, Deo and Dhaigude [3] have defined new kind of exponential,
trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. They are coined as Pre-functions and extended Pre-functions. It is shown that these pre-functions
and extended pre-functions satisfy many interesting properties and relations. Some properties and Laplace Transforms of these functions
are studied in the papers [2], [3], [4], [5] and solution of initial value problems for non-homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations
are obtained.
The aim of this paper is to study the Voltera Integral Equations, Voltera- Integro differential Equations and obtained the Pre-functions as
their closed form of solutions via Laplace Transforms.

Pre-function and Laplace transforms

In this section, we take overview of pre-function and extended pre-functions and Laplace Transforms of these pre-functions [2] and [3]
these pre-functions and Laplace Transforms are defined and their properties are also defined. We introduce definitions and Laplace
Transforms of some Pre-functions and extended pre-functions.
DEFINITIONS: The pre-exponential functions is denoted by pexp (t, ) and is defined as,

t na
,tR
n 1 ( n 1 a )'

p exp(t , a ) 1

and

a0

Also,

(1) n a t n a
p exp(t , a) 1
,tR
n 1 ( n 1 a )'

and

a0

The pre-cosine function is denoted by pcos (t, ) and is defined as

(1) n t 2 n a
,tR
n 1 ( 2n 1 a )'

p cos(t , a ) 1

The pre-sine function is denoted by

p sin( t , a )

and

a0

and is defined as,

(1) n t 2 n a 1
,tR
n 0 ( 2n 2 a )'

p sin( t , a ) 1

* Corresponding author.
Email address: [email protected]

and

a0

Prefunctions And Integral Equations via Laplace Transforms

Internat ional Jour nal of Engineeri ng Science s, 2(5) May 2013

The extended pre function is denoted by pM32

(1) n t 3n 2 a
,tR
n 0 (3n 3 a )'

pM 32(t , a )

and

a0

Laplace transforms
We find the Laplace transforms of pexp (t, a) : We know that ,

(at ) n a
,tR
n 1 ( n 1 a )'

p exp(at , a) 1

and

a0

Now we calculate the Laplace Transforms of this pre-function as follows;

In particular, for a=1,

In particular =0,

Clearly,

Laplace transforms of other pre-functions can be derived as follows,

L[ p exp(at , a )]

1 (1) a (a )1 a

s ( s a ) s 1 a

L[ p sin( at , a )]

(a )1 a
(s 2 a 2 ) s a

L[ p cos(at , a )]

1
a a2
2
s ( s a 2 ) s 1 a

205

S.B. Dhaigude and C.D. Dhaigude

206

Inter nat ional Journal of Engineer ing Sci ences, 2(5) May 2013

Note that on putting =0 and a=1 above we get Laplace Transforms of exponential functions and trigonometric functions.

Special type of Voltera integral equations

In this section, Laplace Transform method is applied and closed form of solutions of special type of Voltera Integral Equations and
Voltera Integro-differential Equations are obtained. We discuss some problems one by one.
Ex.1. Consider the Voltera Integral Equation,
t

x(t , a) x(t , a)dt

0

t a 1
t 1
( a 2)

(1.1)

Applying Laplace Transform Technique to Equation (1), we have

t
t a 1
L{ x(t , a )} L x(t , a ) dt L
L{t} L{1}
0
(a 2 )

X ( s, a )

1
1
( a 1)! 1 1
X ( s, a )
2
s
( a 2) s a 2
s
s

On simplification it gives,

X ( s, a )

1
1
a 1
s s ( s 1)

Taking Inverse Laplace Transforms on both sides,

1
L1{ X ( s, a )} L1 a 1

s s ( s 1)

x(t , a ) p exp(t , a )
Hence, the pre function

x(t , a ) p exp(t , a )

is the solution of Voltera Integral Equation (1.1)

Ex.2.Consider the Voltera integro -differential Equation,

t

x' (t , a ) x(t , a )dt

0

With initial condition,

ta
(a 1)

x(0, a ) 0

Applying Laplace Transform Technique to Equation (2.1), we have

(2.1)

(2.2)

Prefunctions And Integral Equations via Laplace Transforms

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Internat ional Jour nal of Engineeri ng Science s, 2(5) May 2013

t
ta
L{ x' (t , a )} L x (t , a )dt L

(a 1)

1
1
(a 1)
sX (s , a) x(0, a) X ( s, a)
s
(a 1) s a1
Using initial condition (3) and simplification it gives,

X ( s, a )

1
s ( s 2 1)
a

Taking Inverse Laplace Transforms on both sides,

1
L1{ X ( s, a )} L1 a 2

s ( s 1)
x(t , a ) p sin(t , a )
Hence the pre function

x(t , a ) p sin( t , a )

is the solution of Voltera- integro-differential equation.

Ex.3. Consider the Voltera integro differential Equation,

t

x' (t , a ) x(t , a )dt

0

With initial condition,

ta
(a 1)

(3.1)

x(0, a ) 0

(3.2)

Applying Laplace Transform Technique to Equation (3.1), We have

t
ta
L{ x' (t , a )} L x(t , a ) dt L

( a 1)

sX ( s, a) x(0, a)

1
1
(a 1)
X ( s, a )
s
(a 1) s a1

Using initial condition (3.2) and simplification it gives,

X (s, a)

1
s (s 2 1)
a

Taking Inverse Laplace Transforms on both sides,

1
L1{ X ( s, a )} L1 a 2

s (s 1)

x(t , a ) p sinh(t , a )
Hence the pre function

x(t , a ) p sinh( t , a )

is the solution of Voltera- integro-differential equation.

S.B. Dhaigude and C.D. Dhaigude

208

Inter nat ional Journal of Engineer ing Sci ences, 2(5) May 2013

Ex.4. Consider the Voltera Integral Equation,

t

x(t , a ) x(t , a )dt 1 t (1) a

0

t a 1
(a 2)

(4.1)

Applying Laplace Transform Technique to Equation (6), we have

t a 1
L{ x(t , a )} L x(t , a ) dt L{1} L{t} L ( 1) a

0
( a 2)

X ( s, a )

1
1 1
1
( a 1)!
X ( s, a) 2 ( 1) a
s
s s
(a 2 ) s a 2

On simplification it gives,

X ( s, a )

1
(1) a
a 1
s s ( s 1)

Taking Inverse Laplace Transforms on both sides,

1
(1) a
L1{ X ( s, a )} L1 a 1

s s ( s a)

x(t , a ) p exp(t , a )
Hence, the pre function

x(t , a ) p exp(t , a )

is the solution of Voltera Integral Equation (4.1)

Ex.5.Consider the Voltera integro differential Equation,

t

x' (t , a ) x(t , a )dt

0

t a 1
t
(a 2)

(5.1)

x (0, a ) 1

With initial condition,

(5.2)

Applying Laplace Transform Technique to Equation (5.1), we have,

t
L{ x' (t , a )} L x(t , a ) dt
0

t a 1
L
L{t}
( a 1)

1
1
(a 1)! 1
sX ( s, a) x(0, a) X (s, a)
2
s
(a 2 ) s a 2
s
Using initial condition (5.2) and simplification it gives,

X ( s, a )

1
1
a1 2
s s (s 1)

Taking Inverse Laplace Transforms on both sides,

1
L1{ X ( s, a )} L1 a1 2

s s (s 1)

x(t , a ) p cosh(t , a )
Hence the pre function

x(t , a ) p cosh(t , a )

is the solution of Voltera- integro-differential equation (5.1)

Prefunctions And Integral Equations via Laplace Transforms

209

Internat ional Jour nal of Engineeri ng Science s, 2(5) May 2013

Conclusion
In this paper we have studied the Voltera Integral Equations and, Voltera Integro- differential Equations and obtained the Pre-functions are
the solutions of Special type of Voltera Integral Equations and Voltera Integro -differential Equations and Laplace Transforms method is
successfully applied.

Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to professor D.B. Dhaigude, Department of Mathematics, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathawada University
Aurangabad for his guidance,constant encouragement and fruitful discussion during the preparation of this research paper.

References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]

S.G. Deo and G.W.Howell: A Highway to Trigonometry, Bull.Marathawada Mathematical society.1 (2000), 26-62
R.B.Khandeparkar, S.G .Deo and D.B. Dhaigude Pre-exponential and Pre trigonometric Functions, Comm. Appl.Anal.14 (2010), no.1, 99-116
R.B.Khandeparkar; Studies in Matrix Functions and Differential Equations, Ph.D. Thesis, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathawada University
Aurangabad.sept.2010 India.
R.B.Khandeparkar; Pre-trigonometric and Pre-hyperbolic Functions via Laplace Transform, Neural, Parallel, and Scientific Computations, 18
(2010), 423-432.
S.B.Dhaigude and Chandradeepa D Dhaigude: Some Results on Pre-functions and Differential Equations, Bull. Marathawada Mathematical
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