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Komparator

- Comparator circuits compare two input voltages and output one of two states depending on whether the first input is higher or lower than the second. They are commonly used as detectors and sensors. - For example, a comparator could monitor a detected voltage, outputting one state if it is above a reference voltage and changing to the other state if it drops below the reference. - Specialized comparator integrated circuits offer very fast switching times better suited for sensing applications compared to typical operational amplifiers. The circuit shows a basic op amp comparator setup with one input held at a reference voltage and the other taking the sensed input.

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80 views

Komparator

- Comparator circuits compare two input voltages and output one of two states depending on whether the first input is higher or lower than the second. They are commonly used as detectors and sensors. - For example, a comparator could monitor a detected voltage, outputting one state if it is above a reference voltage and changing to the other state if it drops below the reference. - Specialized comparator integrated circuits offer very fast switching times better suited for sensing applications compared to typical operational amplifiers. The circuit shows a basic op amp comparator setup with one input held at a reference voltage and the other taking the sensed input.

Uploaded by

AndriBagus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operational amplifier comparator circuit

- A circuit with design details and information for an op amp or operational


amplifier comparator.
Comparator circuits find a number of applications in electronics. As the
name implies they are used to compare two voltages. When one is higher
than the other the comparator circuit output is in one state, and when the
input conditions are reversed, then the comparator output switches.
These circuits find many uses as detectors. They are often used to sense
voltages. For example they could have a reference voltage on one input,
and a voltage that is being detected on another. While the detected
voltage is above the reference the output of the comparator will be in one
state. If the detected voltage falls below the reference then it will
change the state of the comparator, and this could be used to flag the
condition. This is but one example of many for which comparators can be
used.
In operation the op amp goes into positive or negative saturation
dependent upon the input voltages. As the gain of the operational
amplifier will generally exceed 100 000 the output will run into
saturation when the inputs are only fractions of a millivolt apart.
Although op amps are widely used as comparator, special comparator
chips are often used. These integrated circuits offer very fast switching
times, well above those offered by most op-amps that are intended for
more linear applications. Typical slew rates are in the region of several
thousand volts per microsecond, although more often figures of
propagation delay are quoted.
A typical comparator circuit will have one of the inputs held at a given
voltage. This may often be a potential divider from a supply or reference
source. The other input is taken to the point to be sensed.

Circuit for a basic operational amplifier comparator

There are a number of points to remember when using comparator


circuits. As there is no feedback the two inputs to the circuit will be at
different voltages. Accordingly it is necessary to ensure that the maximum
differential input is not exceeded. Again as a result of the lack of
feedback the load will change. Particularly as the circuit changes there
will be a small increase in the input current. For most circuits this will
not be a problem, but if the source impedance is high it may lead to a few
unusual responses.
The main problem with this circuit is that new the changeover point, even
small amounts of noise will cause the output to switch back and forth.
Thus near the changeover point there may be several transitions at the
output and this may give rise to problems elsewhere in the overall
circuit. The solution to this is to use a Schmitt Trigger as described on
another page.

Comparator Operation
The following drawing show the two simplest configurations for voltage
comparators. The diagrams below the circuits give the output results in a graphical
form.
For these circuits the REFERENCE voltage is fixed at one-half of the supply voltage
while the INPUT voltage is variable from zero to the supply voltage.
In theory the REFERENCE and INPUT voltages can be anywhere between zero and
the supply voltage but there are practical limitations on the actual range depending on
the particular device used.

Basic Comparator Operation

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